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Tippecanoe

The Battle of Tippecanoe was a frontier skirmish fought on November 7, 1811, between approximately 1,000 American troops and militiamen commanded by William Henry Harrison, governor of the Indiana Territory, and an estimated 600–700 Native American warriors from tribes including the Shawnee, Kickapoo, and Winnebago, led by the religious prophet Tenskwatawa (brother of Tecumseh) at Prophetstown near the Tippecanoe River in present-day Battle Ground, Indiana.^[1]^[2]^[3] Harrison's advance on Prophetstown aimed to preempt a perceived Native threat amid efforts by Tecumseh to forge a pan-tribal confederacy resisting American expansion into the Northwest Territory, following the 1809 Treaty of Fort Wayne that ceded millions of acres of land; Tenskwatawa, whose visions promoted Native revitalization through rejection of American goods and customs, authorized a pre-dawn attack on the encamped Americans after Tecumseh's absence recruiting southern allies.^[2]^[3] The four-hour clash involved intense hand-to-hand fighting in Harrison's lines, with U.S. forces suffering 62 killed and 126 wounded—nearly one-quarter of their strength—while Native casualties were lighter but unrecorded, estimated at around 50 killed; Harrison's troops repelled the assault, advanced to burn the abandoned Prophetstown the next day, but failed to pursue retreating warriors, allowing Tenskwatawa's influence to wane as his prophecies of invincibility faltered.^[4]^[3] Though tactically indecisive and costly for the Americans, the battle disrupted the confederacy's momentum, fueled Harrison's national reputation as an Indian fighter (earning him the nickname "Old Tippecanoe" and propelling his 1840 presidential campaign with the slogan "Tippecanoe and Tyler Too"), and intensified frontier calls for war against Britain, perceived as arming Native resistance, contributing causally to the declaration of the War of 1812 seven months later.^[2]^[3]

Etymology and Origins

Linguistic and Cultural Roots

The name "Tippecanoe" originates from the Miami-Illinois language, an Algonquian dialect spoken by indigenous peoples of the Great Lakes region, where it refers to the buffalo fish (Ictiobus species), a large native sucker fish abundant in the Wabash River watershed.^[5] ^[6] The anglicized form derives from Miami-Illinois terms like kiteepihkwana, denoting the fish itself, or extended place-names such as Kethtippecanoogi, translated as "place of the succor fish people" or "village of the buffalo fish people," reflecting the ecological prominence of these fish in local waterways.^[7] ^[8] Culturally, the term is rooted in the Miami tribe's historical presence along the Tippecanoe River in present-day northern Indiana, where settlements depended on the river's fisheries for sustenance, contributing to tribal identity and seasonal migrations.^[7] The Miami, part of the broader Illinois confederation, viewed such waterways as vital for communal fishing practices using weirs, nets, and spears, as evidenced by archaeological remains of fish-processing sites in the region dating to the late prehistoric period (circa 1000–1700 CE).^[8] This linguistic naming convention underscores a causal link between environmental abundance—buffalo fish populations thrived in the river's shallow, silty habitats—and indigenous nomenclature, prioritizing descriptive utility over abstraction in Algonquian oral traditions.^[5]

Native American Associations

The term "Tippecanoe" originates from the Miami-Illinois language, spoken by the Miami tribe, indigenous to the Wabash River valley in what is now Indiana. It derives from "Kethtippecanoogi" or similar variants, translating to "place of the succor fish people," referring to the buffalo fish (a large species of sucker fish abundant in local waterways).^[8] The Miami, part of the Illinois confederacy, inhabited the region for centuries prior to European contact, utilizing the Tippecanoe River and its tributaries for fishing, trade, and seasonal migration along established trails.^[9] The Tippecanoe area served as a significant cultural and strategic hub for multiple Algonquian-speaking tribes, including the closely related Wea and Piankashaw subgroups of the Miami, who maintained villages and hunting grounds there. By the early 19th century, Shawnee leaders Tecumseh and his brother Tenskwatawa (the Prophet) established Prophetstown in 1808 at the confluence of the Tippecanoe and Wabash Rivers, transforming the site into a pan-tribal center for a Native American confederacy aimed at resisting American expansion.^[10] This village attracted adherents from tribes such as the Kickapoo, Potawatomi, and Winnebago, fostering intertribal alliances through shared religious revitalization and military preparation, though core leadership remained Shawnee-dominated.^[11] Archaeological and historical records indicate that the broader Tippecanoe region featured semi-permanent settlements and sacred sites used by these groups for ceremonies tied to natural resources like the river's fisheries, underscoring its role in sustaining tribal economies and spiritual practices before widespread displacement following conflicts like the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811.^[12] Tribal trails crisscrossing the county facilitated communication and commerce among Miami, Shawnee, and Illinois peoples, linking Tippecanoe to wider networks extending into Ohio and Illinois territories.^[11]

Battle of Tippecanoe

Preceding Conflicts and Native Confederation

The expansion of American settlements into the Northwest Territory following the Treaty of Greenville in 1795 intensified conflicts with Native American tribes, as settlers encroached on lands traditionally used for hunting and agriculture, leading to sporadic raids and retaliatory actions by both sides throughout the early 1800s. By the early 19th century, U.S. territorial governors like William Henry Harrison pursued aggressive land acquisition policies, negotiating treaties that fragmented tribal unity and fueled resentment among groups such as the Shawnee, Miami, and Delaware, who viewed individual sales as illegitimate without broader consensus.^[13] These tensions escalated into violence, including Native attacks on frontier settlements in Indiana Territory, prompting militia responses and heightening fears of a coordinated indigenous uprising.^[2] A pivotal flashpoint was the Treaty of Fort Wayne, signed on September 30, 1809, in which the Delaware, Potawatomi, Miami, and Eel River tribes, under pressure from Harrison, ceded approximately 3 million acres of land in central Indiana and Illinois in exchange for goods, annuities, and reserved hunting rights.^[14] ^[15] Many Native leaders rejected the treaty's validity, arguing it violated communal land principles and was coerced through division of tribal factions, with attendance limited and bribes allegedly used to secure signatures from amenable chiefs.^[16] This agreement directly spurred resistance, as settlers began occupying the ceded areas, leading to ambushes on surveyors and farmers, and Harrison citing such incidents as justification for military expeditions to assert U.S. authority.^[17] In response, Shawnee leaders Tecumseh and his brother Tenskwatawa (known as the Prophet) forged a pan-tribal confederation starting around 1808, establishing Prophetstown along the Tippecanoe River as a fortified base for spiritual revival and military organization, drawing warriors from the Shawnee, Kickapoo, Potawatomi, Winnebago, and other nations across the Great Lakes and Ohio Valley regions.^[18] Tecumseh, leveraging his reputation from earlier conflicts like the Northwest Indian War, traveled extensively from 1809 to 1811—visiting tribes as far south as the Creeks and Cherokees—to advocate for unified resistance, asserting that no tribe could cede land unilaterally and envisioning an autonomous Native territory west of the Ohio River to halt American advance. The confederacy, which grew to encompass elements of over two dozen tribes by 1811, emphasized cultural revitalization through Tenskwatawa's visions rejecting European goods and alcohol, while preparing for defensive warfare; however, internal divisions persisted, as not all leaders endorsed Tecumseh's absence during a critical confrontation with Harrison.^[19] This alliance represented a rare attempt at large-scale Native unity, driven by the existential threat of displacement, but was undermined by the confederates' decision to attack Harrison's forces before Tecumseh's return from southern recruitment.^[2]

Military Engagements and Tactics

The American forces under Governor William Henry Harrison, numbering approximately 1,000 men including U.S. regulars, Kentucky dragoons, and Indiana militia such as the Yellow Jackets, approached Prophetstown along the Tippecanoe River and established camp on November 6, 1811, in an open, rectangular formation on slightly elevated terrain without entrenchments, positioning artillery and reserves centrally while posting sentries to guard against surprise.^[3] ^[4] Harrison's tactical disposition emphasized disciplined infantry lines supported by mounted riflemen, with bayonets fixed for close-quarters defense, reflecting standard frontier army doctrine adapted to the lack of natural cover in the prairie-like setting.^[3] Native American warriors, estimated at around 500 from tribes including Shawnee, Kickapoo, Potawatomi, and Winnebago under the spiritual leadership of Tenskwatawa (the Prophet), launched a pre-dawn surprise attack at approximately 4:00 a.m. on November 7, employing a crescent formation designed to envelop the camp: the right horn led by Kickapoo chief Mengoatowa, the left by Winnebago leader Waweapakoosa, and the base by Potawatomi and others under Wabaunsee and Roundhead, with signals via whistles and rattles to coordinate infiltration aimed at assassinating Harrison.^[20] ^[3] The initial assault began with a diversionary feint on the northern perimeter to draw attention, followed by a main thrust against the southern flank, escalating into multi-directional attacks on both flanks that devolved into intense hand-to-hand combat amid darkness and confusion, with warriors attempting to overrun tents and exploit gaps in the American lines.^[3] Harrison's response involved rallying troops into defensive lines, deploying reinforcements like the Indiana Mounted Rifles to shore up vulnerable sectors, and ordering countercharges, including a critical mounted assault led by Major Joseph Hamilton Daveiss on the southwestern flank, which temporarily disrupted Native momentum but resulted in Daveiss's mortal wounding.^[3] The fighting persisted for over two hours, characterized by volleys of musket fire, bayonet charges, and close-range skirmishes, until Native forces, facing superior numbers and ammunition shortages, withdrew around dawn, allowing Harrison's men to pursue briefly before consolidating.^[3] This tactical repulsion, leveraging firepower and formation cohesion against the warriors' reliance on stealth and encirclement, secured an immediate American hold on the field, though the open terrain neutralized some Native advantages seen in prior engagements like the 1791 St. Clair defeat.^[20]

Casualties, Victory, and Immediate Outcomes

American forces under William Henry Harrison suffered 62 killed (37 killed in action and 25 who died of wounds) and 126 wounded, for total casualties of 188.^[21] Native American casualties were less definitively recorded, with estimates ranging from 40 killed and 60 wounded based on battlefield observations and Harrison's assessments.^[21] Harrison initially reported believing Native losses exceeded American ones, though later counts suggested otherwise due to the Natives' withdrawal without leaving many bodies for verification.^[22] Harrison claimed victory on November 7, 1811, as his troops repelled the predawn Native assault after approximately two hours of combat, maintaining control of the encampment and preventing the destruction of his force.^[3] This tactical success allowed him to achieve his campaign objective of neutralizing the threat posed by Prophetstown, though the battle's high cost to American militia—proportionally severe given the surprise attack—led some contemporaries and historians to view it as pyrrhic or indecisive rather than a resounding triumph.^[2]^[21] In the immediate aftermath, Harrison's forces advanced on November 8, 1811, to burn and destroy the unoccupied Native village of Prophetstown, scattering remaining inhabitants and supplies, which Tenskwatawa and his followers had abandoned during the night following the battle.^[3] The defeat eroded Tenskwatawa's spiritual authority among the tribes, as his prophecies of invincibility failed, prompting defections and weakening the short-term cohesion of the Native confederation while Harrison's army withdrew to Vincennes amid supply shortages and illness.^[3]^[21] Tecumseh, absent recruiting southern tribes, returned to find the center of the movement ruined, accelerating his shift toward alliance with British forces ahead of the War of 1812.^[2]

Long-Term Strategic Impact

The Battle of Tippecanoe significantly undermined the cohesion and momentum of Tecumseh's Native American confederation, which had sought to unite over two dozen tribes against further U.S. territorial encroachment in the Old Northwest. The defeat and subsequent destruction of Prophetstown on November 8, 1811, by Harrison's forces eroded confidence in Tenskwatawa's spiritual authority, prompting many warriors to abandon the settlement and fracturing alliances that Tecumseh had labored to build during his absence in recruiting southern tribes.^[3] This setback prevented the confederation from achieving a unified military front capable of halting American settlement, as tribes increasingly pursued individual negotiations or dispersed rather than sustaining coordinated resistance.^[23] The engagement escalated frontier violence and anti-British sentiment in the United States, portraying British agents in Canada as suppliers of arms and encouragement to Native forces, which fueled calls for war among American expansionists.^[2] Occurring just six months before the U.S. declaration of war on June 18, 1812, Tippecanoe intensified perceptions of British interference in North American affairs, contributing to the conflict's outbreak while drawing Tecumseh into a formal alliance with British forces in the Northwest theater.^[24] Although Native allies initially bolstered British campaigns—securing control over Great Lakes territories—the ultimate U.S. victories, including Tecumseh's death on October 5, 1813, at the Battle of the Thames, dissolved the confederation's remnants and enabled subsequent treaties like the Treaty of Fort Wayne in 1819, ceding millions of acres in Indiana and Illinois. Strategically, the battle accelerated U.S. dominance in the region by demonstrating the vulnerability of centralized Native strongholds to preemptive strikes, discouraging further pan-tribal organization and facilitating the influx of settlers that transformed the Indiana Territory into a state by December 11, 1816.^[23] Harrison's reported success—despite heavy casualties—bolstered federal resolve to project power westward, setting precedents for military campaigns that prioritized offensive operations against perceived threats, ultimately marginalizing Native claims under doctrines emphasizing prior occupancy over collective indigenous sovereignty.^[3]

Geographical and Topographical Features

Rivers, Lakes, and Natural Formations

The Tippecanoe River originates from the outflow of Tippecanoe Lake in Kosciusko County, northern Indiana, and flows generally southwest for approximately 166 miles before emptying into the Wabash River near Lafayette in Tippecanoe County.^[25] Its watershed encompasses roughly 1,900 square miles across 14 counties, supporting diverse aquatic habitats due to inflows from approximately 88 natural glacial lakes.^[26] The river's gentle gradient and meandering path through agricultural lowlands and forested riparian zones classify it within the Central Corn Belt Plains ecoregion, with minimal steep drops or rapids.^[25] Tippecanoe Lake, serving as the river's headwaters, spans 786 acres with an average depth of 37 feet and a maximum depth of 122 feet, rendering it the deepest natural lake in Indiana and a product of glacial scouring during the Pleistocene.^[27] Formed as a kettle lake amid the broader morainal topography of the region, it receives inflows primarily from smaller upstream lakes like James Lake via short connecting streams, contributing to the Tippecanoe system's overall hydrological connectivity.^[27] The lake's watershed covers 72,847 acres, dominated by agricultural land use that influences seasonal water levels and nutrient loading.^[27] Prominent natural formations along the lower Tippecanoe River include Prophet's Rock, a sandstone outcrop rising near the site of the 1811 Battle of Tippecanoe in Battle Ground, Indiana, which provided elevated vantage over the surrounding floodplain prairies and riverine wetlands.^[28] These features reflect the area's glacial till deposits and erosional patterns, with the river valley exhibiting broad alluvial plains interspersed with occasional low bluffs and oxbow lakes remnant from historical meanders.^[29] No major waterfalls or canyons mark the system, underscoring its predominantly low-relief character shaped by post-glacial sedimentation.^[25]

Counties, Townships, and Modern Settlements

Tippecanoe County, located in west-central Indiana approximately 22 miles east of the Illinois state line, was organized on March 1, 1826, and named for the Tippecanoe River that flows through it.^[30] The county spans about 500 square miles and comprises 13 townships, with a recorded population of 186,251 as of the 2020 census.^[31] ^[32] Its primary urban centers include Lafayette, the county seat, and West Lafayette, though these are not directly named Tippecanoe. Several townships in Indiana bear the name Tippecanoe, reflecting the river's and battle's regional influence. Tippecanoe Township within Tippecanoe County had a population of 9,617 according to recent census data.^[33] In Pulaski County, Tippecanoe Township recorded 994 residents in 2020, containing 521 housing units.^[34] Tippecanoe Township in Marshall County reported 1,322 people in the 2020 census, with a median household income of $69,800.^[35] Modern settlements named Tippecanoe or derived from it include Battle Ground, a town in Tippecanoe Township of Tippecanoe County, formed in 1867 by consolidating earlier communities near the Battle of Tippecanoe site and hosting the Tippecanoe Battlefield as a national historic landmark.^[36] ^[37] The town had 1,838 residents in 2020.^[38] In Marshall County, Tippecanoe is an unincorporated community and census-designated place within Tippecanoe Township.^[35] Outside Indiana, Tipp City in Miami County, Ohio—originally founded as Tippecanoe City in 1840 along the Miami and Erie Canal in honor of William Henry Harrison's nickname—was renamed in 1938 to distinguish it from other similarly named places.^[39]

Naval and Military Vessels

World War-Era Oilers

The USS Tippecanoe (AO-21), a Patoka-class fleet oiler, was laid down on 1 October 1919 at Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company in Virginia, launched on 5 June 1920, and initially placed in reserve after fitting out.^[40] The vessel displaced 16,800 tons at full load, measured 477 feet 10 inches in length with a beam of 60 feet 3 inches and draft of 27 feet 8 inches, achieved a speed of 11 knots, and carried a crew of 208 officers and enlisted men.^[40] Armament included two 5-inch guns and two 3-inch guns, added for defensive purposes during wartime operations.^[40] Commissioned on 6 March 1940 under Commander Hugh W. Olds, Tippecanoe conducted peacetime replenishment runs between West Coast ports—including San Pedro, San Francisco, San Diego, and Seattle—and Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, until the Japanese attack on 7 December 1941, when the ship was safely in San Francisco.^[40] Following U.S. entry into World War II, it serviced vessels along the U.S. West Coast from December 1941 to February 1942, then returned to Pearl Harbor on 17 February 1942.^[40] Departing for the South Pacific on 3 March, Tippecanoe joined Task Force 17 (TF-17) and provided fuel to ships north of New Caledonia on 15 March, supporting preparations for early Pacific offensives.^[40] During the Battle of the Coral Sea (4–8 May 1942), Tippecanoe fueled the carrier USS Lexington (CV-2) on 1–3 May and remained at Efate in the New Hebrides during the engagement, underscoring its role in sustaining carrier operations against Japanese expansion.^[40] Later in 1942, the oiler shifted to the Aleutian Islands campaign, arriving in Alaska on 9 August and basing at Kodiak, Dutch Harbor, and Adak to support naval forces combating Japanese occupation of Attu and Kiska until the war's end in the theater.^[40] In May 1943, it directly aided the invasion of Attu by replenishing Allied ships from Adak.^[40] Assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific Theater throughout the conflict, Tippecanoe earned campaign credit for these operations without reported combat damage or losses.^[41] As the war concluded, Tippecanoe was en route from Seattle to Dutch Harbor on 15 August 1945 when Japan surrendered.^[40] It arrived at Ominato, Japan, on 8 September for occupation support duties, calling at Tokyo, Aomori, Yokohama, and Yokosuka through November 1945 before returning stateside.^[40] Decommissioned on 6 March 1946 at Mare Island Navy Yard, the ship was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 12 April 1946 and subsequently sold for merchant service, later converted to a container ship.^[40]^[42]

Post-War and Modern Ships

The USNS Tippecanoe (T-AO-199) is a Henry J. Kaiser-class underway replenishment oiler operated by the Military Sealift Command to provide fuel and logistical support to U.S. Navy vessels at sea.^[43]^[44] Constructed by Avondale Shipyards, Inc., in New Orleans, Louisiana, the ship was laid down on 19 November 1990, launched on 16 May 1992, and delivered for non-commissioned service on 8 February 1993 with a primarily civilian crew.^[43]^[44] She measures 677 feet in length with a beam of 97 feet, displaces approximately 40,700 tons at full load, and achieves a speed of 20 knots via two Colt-Pielstick diesel engines driving twin propellers.^[44] The vessel carries 180,000 barrels of fuel oil or aviation fuel, supports five replenishment stations, and includes capacity for eight 20-foot refrigerated containers, with a total crew of 103 (82 civilians and 21 Navy personnel).^[44] Defensive features include two 20 mm Phalanx close-in weapon systems and one .50-caliber machine gun, though primary armament is absent.^[43] Assigned to the Pacific Fleet, Tippecanoe has conducted routine underway replenishments to sustain carrier strike groups and surface combatants during extended deployments.^[44]^[45] In October 1999, she supported the Australian-led International Force for East Timor (INTERFET) peacekeeping operation from 16 to 24 October, providing logistical aid amid regional instability.^[43] During Operation Unified Assistance following the 26 December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, the oiler deployed to the region in January 2005, refueling hospital ship USNS Mercy on 3 March and contributing to humanitarian relief efforts in Southeast Asia.^[43] The ship remains in active service as of 2024, participating in multinational exercises and forward operations.^[46] In October 2020, she resupplied U.S., Canadian, and Japanese vessels ahead of the Keen Sword bilateral exercise with Japan.^[47] Recent activities include replenishment at sea with destroyer USS Preble (DDG-88) in the Philippine Sea on 12 December 2024 and support for contingency operations readiness exercises in Guam in June 2021.^[46]^[48] No other U.S. Navy vessels named Tippecanoe have entered service after World War II.^[43]

Political and Symbolic Usage

Harrison's Nickname and 1840 Campaign

William Henry Harrison acquired the nickname "Old Tippecanoe" following his command of American forces to victory against Native American warriors led by Tenskwatawa at the Battle of Tippecanoe on November 7, 1811, near present-day Lafayette, Indiana.^[49] This moniker, evoking the battle's location along Tippecanoe Creek, symbolized Harrison's frontier military leadership and contributed to his national prominence as a proponent of territorial expansion.^[50] The nickname persisted in public memory, reinforcing Harrison's image as a defender of American settlers against indigenous resistance in the Northwest Territory.^[49] During the 1840 presidential election, the Whig Party strategically revived "Old Tippecanoe" to nominate Harrison as their candidate, pairing it with running mate John Tyler in the campaign slogan "Tippecanoe and Tyler Too."^[51] This phrase, set to the tune of an existing melody and disseminated through rallies, songs, and pamphlets, highlighted Harrison's 1811 triumph to portray him as a rugged hero of the common man, contrasting sharply with incumbent Democrat Martin Van Buren's administration amid the Panic of 1837 economic downturn.^[52] The Whigs employed innovative tactics, including log cabin replicas and hard cider imagery at mass gatherings—such as the September 1840 "Tippecanoe" rally in Dayton, Ohio, attended by over 25,000 supporters—to project Harrison's supposed humble origins, despite his patrician Virginia upbringing and Ohio estate.^[50]^[52] The "Tippecanoe" branding proved effective, mobilizing voter turnout through unprecedented grassroots mobilization and media saturation, leading to Harrison's electoral victory with 234 electoral votes to Van Buren's 60, and 52.9% of the popular vote in an election held between October 30 and December 2, 1840.^[51] This campaign marked a pivotal shift toward personality-driven, populist appeals in American politics, leveraging Harrison's military legacy from Tippecanoe to secure the presidency.^[52]

Cultural Legacy and Memorials

The Battle of Tippecanoe profoundly influenced American political culture through its association with William Henry Harrison, who earned the nickname "Old Tippecanoe" from his command of U.S. forces during the November 7, 1811, engagement. This moniker symbolized frontier resilience and military prowess against Native American resistance, becoming central to the Whig Party's 1840 presidential campaign strategy.^[53] The campaign slogan "Tippecanoe and Tyler Too," referencing Harrison and running mate John Tyler, marked an early use of populist imagery—including log cabins and hard cider—to appeal to common voters, contributing to Harrison's landslide electoral victory with 52.9% of the popular vote and 234 electoral votes.^[54]^[52] The slogan's catchy rhythm facilitated its spread through songs, banners, and rallies, representing a shift toward mass-media-driven elections that emphasized personality over policy.^[55] Harrison's death just 31 days after inauguration in 1841 further cemented "Tippecanoe" as a shorthand for Whig-era politics and American expansionism, echoed in later historical analyses of 19th-century campaigning.^[53] Memorials to the battle center on the Tippecanoe Battlefield Park, a 104-acre site in Battle Ground, Indiana, designated a national historic landmark. An 85-foot marble obelisk, erected in 1908 by the Tippecanoe Monument Association with congressional and state support, honors Harrison's troops and marks the engagement's location, featuring inscriptions of casualties and a statue of Harrison.^[56]^[57] Adjacent facilities include the Tippecanoe Battlefield Museum, opened to interpret the battle's tactics, artifacts, and context, alongside hiking trails and picnic areas for public education.^[56] The site hosts annual commemorations, such as reenactments and programs on figures like artist George Winter, preserving the event's role in U.S.-Native relations.^[58] Bicentennial efforts in 2011 included Indiana Bicentennial Commission projects, such as large-scale EPICArt murals depicting the battle, installed for public viewing to highlight its strategic and cultural significance.^[59] These elements underscore the battle's enduring place in Indiana's heritage, with the park drawing visitors to reflect on early 19th-century conflicts without modern interpretive overlays that might obscure primary military outcomes.^[60]

References

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The Battle of Tippecanoe, fought on November 7, 1811, was between American forces under William Henry Harrison and Native American warriors under Tenskwatawa. ...
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Tippecanoe Battle Facts and Summary | American Battlefield Trust
The Battle of Tippecanoe was fought between American soldiers and Native American warriors along the banks of the Keth-tip-pe-can-nunk, a river in the heart ...
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William Henry Harrison on the Battle of Tippecanoe, 11 Nov. 1811
In the Battle of Tippecanoe, 188 were killed and wounded. No American soldiers were taken prisoner, and two of three scalps were recovered.
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If you go back far enough, you'll find that the word “Tippecanoe” comes from the Miami Indian word for “buffalo fish,” which is the largest sucker fish in North ...Missing: etymology | Show results with:etymology
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Tippecanoe County Historical Association | More than a Museum
The Native American settlement of Kethtippecanoogi is the origin of the name Tippecanoe. It is a Miami word which means Village of the Succor Fish People.
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IBC: Tippecanoe County - IN.gov
Tippecanoe County was named for the translation of “Kethtippecanoogi,” a Miami term meaning “place of the succor fish people.” (Kriebel, Robert C. – Tippecanoe ...Missing: significance | Show results with:significance
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because succor (also known as buffalo fish) ...
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In 1808, Tecumseh and Tenkswatawa (the Prophet), two Shawnee brothers established a new village known as “Prophet's Town” at the confluence of the Tippecanoe ...<|control11|><|separator|>
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[PDF] Tippecanoe County Historical Association
The term Miami is probably derived from the. Chippewa word Oumamik or Oumaumeg, referring to the. "People of the Peninsula." Various Oumamik bands lived in the ...
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By 1809, treaties imposed on Native residents by Governor William Henry Harrison were eating away Indiana Territory. Intertribal resistance grew. Most ...
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Before Tecumseh, many Native Americans waged war to keep their lands and sovereignty safe from European interference, and readily made alliances with those.
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Oct 5, 2015 · The Indians, they agreed, would attack the American camp in the usual way. The horns of an advancing Indian crescent would meet behind the camp ...
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Oct 15, 2016 · The Battle of Tippecanoe was largely indecisive. The surprise attack left 37 dead, an additional 25 died from injuries, and another 126 wounded for Harrison.
[22]
[PDF] George P. Peters' Version of the Battle of Tippecanoe (November 7 ...
Regarding the Prophet's casualties, Harrison was at first "convinced... that the Indians lost many more men than we did," a statement he later elaborated by ...
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A staff ride of the Tippecanoe campaign allows one to examine many lessons that still apply to twentieth-century military operations, especially in the realm ...
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William Henry Harrison led soldiers and frontiersmen to destroy the Indian confederacy organized by Shawnee leaders on Tippecanoe River.
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The gentle, 166-mile river is bordered for much of its length by green fields and forest as it meanders down from Tippecanoe Lake in Kosciusko County.Missing: geography formations
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Lake Tippecanoe - Lilly Center for Lakes & Streams
Overview Information ; Lake Size. 786 Acres ; Max Depth. 122 Feet ; Average Depth. 37 Feet ; Watershed Size. 72847 Acres ; Inlets. Tippecanoe River via James Lake.
[28]
Prophet's Rock - Atlas Obscura
May 1, 2018 · The large rock formation where the Shawnee prophet Tenskwatawa stood and encouraged his warriors during the Battle of Tippecanoe.
[29]
Tippecanoe River State Park - Indiana State Government
The river is the big attraction at Tippecanoe, especially for canoers and kayakers; you will need to bring your own equipment or make arrangements with local ...<|separator|>
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Tippecanoe County, IN | Official Website
Welcome to the official homepage of the Tippecanoe County Government. Access tippecanoe county services, information, and resources for citizens, ...Access Property Tax ...Tippecanoe Court RecordsDepartmentsOfficial WebsiteEmployment Opportunities ...
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[32]
Township Information | Tippecanoe County, IN
Tippecanoe County is comprised of 13 townships encompassing 500 square miles with over 66,000 real estate parcels. Not sure which township your property is in?
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Tippecanoe township, Tippecanoe County, IN - Profile data
Census data for Tippecanoe township, Tippecanoe County, IN (pop. 9617), including age, race, sex, income, poverty, marital status, education and more.
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Tippecanoe township, Pulaski County, Indiana - Census Data
Total Population. 994. The Total Population for Tippecanoe township, Pulaski County, Indiana is 994. P1. |2020 Decennial Census. Income and Poverty. Median ...
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Tippecanoe township, Marshall County, Indiana - Census Bureau
Populations and People. Total Population. 1,322 ; Income and Poverty. Median Household Income. $69,800 ; Education. Bachelor's Degree or Higher. 11.7% ; Employment.
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https://in.gov/towns/battle-ground/community/town-history/
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Battle Ground: Home - Indiana State Government
Town Code now online with searchable data. Residents may search for specific ordinances or topics, in a chapter-style format. Use this link to get started:.Town History · Contacts Directory · Town Hall / Police Dept. · Forms & Permits
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Battle Ground, IN Map & Directions - Indiana - MapQuest
Battle Ground, IN is in Tippecanoe County, with a population of 1,838 (2020), located at -86.838300, 40.510000, and 178 meters elevation.
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History | Tipp City, OH
Tippecanoe City was founded in 1840, along the developing Miami and Erie Canal. Its name derives from Presidential candidate William Henry Harrison's nickname.
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Tippecanoe (AO-21) - Naval History and Heritage Command
Sep 30, 2015 · Tippecanoe (AO-21) was laid down on 1 October 1919 at Newport News, Va., by the Newport News Shipbuilding & Drydock Co.; launched on 5 June 1920.Missing: 33 | Show results with:33
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https://www.navsource.org/archives/09/19/19021.htm
Missing: 33 history
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USS Tippecanoe (AO 21) of the US Navy - Allied Warships of WWII
Oiler of the Patoka class · Commands listed for USS Tippecanoe (AO 21) · Notable events involving Tippecanoe include: · Battle of the Coral Sea · Return to the ...Missing: II | Show results with:II
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Tippecanoe II (T-AO-199) - Naval History and Heritage Command
Mar 2, 2016 · The second Tippecanoe (T-AO-199) was laid down on 19 November 1990 at New Orleans, La., at Avondale Shipyard, Inc.; launched on 16 May 1992; ...Missing: 33 | Show results with:33
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USNS Tippecanoe (T-AO 199) - Navysite.de
USNS Tippecanoe is the 13 th of the 18 HENRY J. KAISER class underway replenishment oilers and the fifth ship in the Navy to bear the name.
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USNS Tippecanoe - Military Sealift Command
USNS Tippecanoe is a fleet replenishment oiler (T-AO 199) that transits the Pacific Ocean.
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USS Preble (DDG 88) Replenishment at Sea with USNS ... - DVIDS
Dec 16, 2024 · USS Preble (DDG 88) Replenishment at Sea with USNS Tippecanoe (T-AO 199) [Image 1 of 5] · PHILIPPINE SEA · 12.10.2024 · Photo by Petty Officer 1st ...
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USNS Tippecanoe Resupplies Fleet, International Partners in ...
Oct 30, 2020 · USNS Tippecanoe resupplied ships from Canada, Japan, and the U.S. Navy, including fuel and supplies, before the Keen Sword exercise.
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DLA Disposition Services supports USNS Tippecanoe during ...
Jun 25, 2021 · Defense Logistics Agency Disposition Services personnel assisted a Navy replenishment vessel while executing their first Contingency Operations Readiness ...<|control11|><|separator|>
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William Harrison: Life in Brief - Miller Center
He had won his nickname, “Old Tip,” as the tough commanding general of American forces who defeated hostile Native Americans at the Battle of Tippecanoe in the ...Missing: composition | Show results with:composition
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William Henry Harrison: Tippecanoe and Political Spin Too
Oct 22, 2018 · American Battlefield Trust - Hallowed Ground Magazine article. William Henry Harrison: Future Presidents Under Fire.
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William Harrison: Campaigns and Elections | Miller Center
The Campaign and Election of 1836: William Henry Harrison began to spend time with others in his region who had been dealt out of the Jackson regime. Opposition ...
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The Election of 1840 - Martin Van Buren National Historic Site (U.S. ...
Dec 16, 2020 · The 1840 Presidential Election in the United States represented a major shift in political campaigns. Whig Party candidate William Henry ...
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How the Battle of Tippecanoe Helped Win the White House | HISTORY
Nov 7, 2016 · William Henry Harrison won a landslide victory in the presidential election in 1840, in part because of his reputation as the hero of 1811's Battle of ...<|separator|>
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Tippecanoe and Tyler Too | Overview & Meaning - Lesson - Study.com
Tippecanoe and Tyler, Too! was a campaign slogan from the 1840 election. Tippecanoe referred to William Henry Harrison and his reputation as an Indian fighter.
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Tippecanoe and Tyler Who? A Brief History of Presidential ...
Throughout the history of U.S. politics, music has been used as a rallying cry, a unifying message and a call to arms for voters. Presidential campaign songs ...<|separator|>
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Tippecanoe Battlefield & Museum
A national historic landmark, located in a 96-acre park setting in Battle Ground, complete with picnic areas, nature center, historic and scenic hiking trails.
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Tippecanoe Battlefield Memorial - Visit Indiana
An 85-foot marble monument, erected in 1908, stands to pay tribute to the battle. The Tippecanoe Battlefield Museum tells the story of the battle and puts the ...
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https://www.facebook.com/groups/tippecanoecountyveteransmuster/posts/2157990891396285/
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IBC: The Official Tippecanoe Bicentennial Project
This multiple-faceted project includes the creation of two large, authentic EPICArt® murals depicting the Tippecanoe battle, installed and presented ...
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Visit Tippecanoe | American Battlefield Trust
Adjacent to Prophetstown State Park, Tippecanoe Battlefield Park commemorates the Battle of Tippecanoe, fought on November 7, 1811. Visitors can learn more.