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Bogey

''Bogey'' (or ''bogie'') is a term with several meanings across different fields. In golf, a bogey is a score of one stroke over par on an individual hole.^[1] It originated in late 19th-century Britain as the ideal score for a skilled golfer, personified as "Colonel Bogey", before being largely replaced by the term "par" in the early 20th century.^[2] The word also refers to the bogeyman in folklore, an unidentified flying object or enemy aircraft in military contexts, a railway or vehicle component in engineering, and various other uses in culture, sports, and slang, as detailed in the following sections.

Etymology

Origins

The word "bogey" derives from Middle English "bugge" or "bogge," terms denoting a frightening specter or scarecrow, with the earliest recorded usages appearing in the 16th century.^[3] This root likely stems from a broader Germanic linguistic base, though its precise origin remains uncertain.^[4] Influences from Celtic languages further shaped the term, including the Welsh "bwg," meaning ghost or hobgoblin, and the Scottish "bogle," referring to a similar supernatural entity.^[5] By the 19th century, "bogey" had solidified as a descriptor for supernatural or frightening figures in British folklore, with the first documented use of "bogey" occurring in 1836 in the Sydney Herald (though some sources date "bogeyman" to the 16th century).^[6]^[7] In the late 19th century, the term began shifting toward non-supernatural connotations, notably entering golf terminology in the 1890s as a standard score representing the strokes a skilled player should take on a hole, inspired by the popular song "The Bogey Man."^[8] Military adoption followed, with "bogey" emerging as slang for an unidentified or potentially hostile aircraft during World War II in the 1940s.^[3] Variant spellings, such as "bogie," also appeared in engineering by the mid-19th century to denote wheeled undercarriages.^[9] In modern English, "bogey" exhibits spelling variants such as "bogie" and "bogy," which differ by regional preference and semantic context. "Bogie" is the favored form in British English for engineering applications, particularly denoting a pivoting wheel assembly on rail vehicles, while "bogy" appears as an American variant primarily for the supernatural entity akin to a goblin or specter.^[9] Synonyms for "bogey" in its folklore sense include "bugbear," signifying a constant or imagined source of dread, and "goblin," describing a mischievous or malevolent spirit.^[10] In colloquial usage, "bogey" denotes dried nasal mucus in British English, corresponding to "booger" in American English. The French "bogue," referring to a pod or protective shell like that of a chestnut, bears phonetic resemblance but no etymological relation.^[11] "Bogus," denoting something fake or counterfeit, represents a debated modern derivative, potentially arising from 19th-century American slang associating spurious goods with the deceptive nature of a "bogy," though direct origins remain contested.^[12] These variants ultimately stem from Middle English roots evoking frightening specters.^[3]

Sports

Golf

In golf, a bogey is defined as a score of one stroke over par on an individual hole, such as recording a 5 on a par-4 hole.^[8] This term represents a common outcome for many players, falling between a par (even with the hole's standard) and a double bogey (two strokes over par). The term "bogey" originated in 1890 among British golfers at the Great Yarmouth Golf Club in England, where it was coined during a game when a player referred to the ideal "ground score" for a hole as the elusive "Bogey Man," drawing inspiration from the popular music hall song "Hush! Hush! Hush! Here Comes the Bogey Man".^[8] Initially, "bogey" denoted what is now known as par—the expected score for a skilled golfer under perfect conditions—and was used as a benchmark in early stroke play competitions.^[2] However, as golf course designs became more challenging and scoring standards evolved, the meaning shifted; by 1911, when the United States Golf Association (USGA) formally defined "par" as the standard score for a scratch player, "bogey" came to specifically mean one over par.^[13] In professional tournaments like the Masters, elite golfers strive to minimize bogeys to maintain competitive edges, often achieving bogey-free rounds to stay under par overall, though even top players like Rory McIlroy have occasionally incurred multiple bogeys in a single round due to late errors.^[14] For amateur players, bogeys are a frequent result; mid-handicap golfers (typically 15-20 handicap index) average around 7.3 bogeys per 18-hole round on a par-72 course.^[15] "Bogey golf"—aiming to average one over par per hole for a total score of 90—serves as an effective strategy for mid-handicappers, emphasizing conservative play to avoid worse scores like double bogeys through smart course management and recovery shots.^[16]

Other Sports

In various sports beyond golf, "bogey" has been adopted as slang or terminology denoting a challenging benchmark, opponent, or standard of performance. This usage draws loosely from its golfing connotation of a score one over par, symbolizing something just short of ideal or persistently troublesome, though applications differ by context.^[17] In cricket, particularly within British and international circles, a "bogey team" refers to an opponent that consistently outperforms or defeats a side despite perceived disadvantages, acting as a psychological or stylistic nemesis. For instance, New Zealand has frequently been described as India's bogey team in major tournaments, having upset them in key ICC events like the 2019 and 2021 World Cups, where they leveraged disciplined bowling and tactical acumen to counter India's batting strength.^[18] Similarly, South Africa has historically served as Pakistan's bogey team in World Cups, winning all three encounters prior to 2015 through superior pace bowling on seaming pitches.^[17] This term underscores rivalries where form or conditions favor the underdog, as seen in Bangladesh's struggles against Pakistan in T20Is.^[19] The phrase's informal roots in British sports slang highlight how cricket teams prepare mentally for these recurring hurdles.^[20] In motorsports, especially Formula 1 and rally racing, "bogey time" denotes a target lap time established as a competitive benchmark during practice or testing sessions, against which drivers measure their pace and vehicle setup. During the 2018 Bahrain pre-season tests, for example, drivers like Jimmie Johnson set bogey times in their cars to calibrate performance around the circuit's demanding layout, focusing on tire management and aerodynamics.^[21] In the 1970 German Grand Prix at the Hockenheimring, a bogey time of two minutes was anticipated for factory teams, with drivers like Jochen Rindt pushing to undercut it amid the track's long straights and high-speed sections.^[22] This concept extends to endurance events like the Le Mans 24 Hours, where bogey times help plot progress during safety car periods or pit stops, ensuring teams maintain overall race position.^[23] In rally formats, bogey times regulate stage speeds to promote safety and fairness, preventing excessive risk-taking while rewarding precision.^[24]

Military and Aviation

Unidentified Aircraft

In military aviation, the term "bogey" refers to an unidentified aircraft detected by radar or visual observation, which may pose a potential threat but whose intentions or affiliation remain unknown.^[25] This usage originated as Royal Air Force (RAF) slang during the early years of World War II in the 1940s, where it described an aircraft suspected of being hostile.^[26] The word derives from the earlier English sense of "bogey" as a frightening specter or goblin, akin to the "bogeyman" in folklore, evoking an unknown and ominous presence in the sky.^[3] Following World War II, the term evolved and gained widespread adoption within NATO and U.S. military doctrine, becoming standardized in tactical brevity codes for efficient communication during air operations. By the Cold War era, pilots routinely used phrases like "bogey at 6 o'clock" when describing approaching unidentified contacts relative to the observer's position, with the clock-face system indicating direction (12 o'clock as straight ahead).^[27] This neutral designation allowed for quick assessment without premature assumptions of hostility, facilitating coordinated responses in tense aerial encounters.^[28] A key distinction exists between a "bogey" and a "bandit": while a bogey represents an unidentified or neutral contact, it escalates to "bandit" only upon confirmation as an enemy aircraft based on theater identification criteria, such as visual verification or electronic signatures.^[25] This progression ensures rules of engagement are followed, preventing friendly fire incidents. In modern contexts, the term persists in encounters with unidentified aerial phenomena (UAP); for example, U.S. Navy pilots in the 2000s and 2010s, including the 2004 USS Nimitz incident off California, tracked anomalous objects as unidentified contacts—effectively bogeys—exhibiting unusual flight characteristics before official UAP classification.^[29] These reports, declassified in the 2020s, highlight ongoing use of the terminology in assessing potential threats.^[30]

Radar and Detection

In radar terminology, a "bogey" denotes an unidentified radar or visual contact whose identity as friend or foe remains unknown, often appearing as a blip on surveillance screens that prompts immediate verification efforts.^[31] This term distinguishes it from confirmed threats, emphasizing the need for systems like Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) to interrogate the contact electronically, where a proper response codes it as friendly, while silence or mismatch escalates scrutiny.^[32] The concept of a bogey emerged in early World War II among Royal Air Force radar operators, with usage in naval and air defense contexts to describe suspected hostile aircraft on early warning radars.^[26] By the 1970s, the term had become standardized in advanced airborne systems, including the U.S. Air Force's E-3 Sentry AWACS, which entered operational service in 1977 and integrated bogey tracking into its command and control protocols for real-time aerial surveillance.^[33] Upon detecting a bogey, ground control or AWACS operators typically query its status through radio challenges or IFF interrogations, directing interceptors to vector toward the contact for visual identification if needed.^[34] If the bogey fails to respond affirmatively or exhibits evasive behavior, it escalates to "hostile" or "bandit" status, authorizing engagement under rules of engagement.^[34] In the 2020s, AI integration in drone-based radar systems has enhanced bogey discrimination by employing machine learning algorithms to filter environmental clutter, such as birds or weather returns, thereby reducing false positives and improving detection accuracy in contested airspace.^[35] For instance, adaptive signal processing in unmanned aerial vehicles allows real-time classification of contacts, minimizing unnecessary intercepts while prioritizing genuine threats.^[36]

Folklore and Culture

Bogeyman

The bogeyman, also spelled boogeyman, is a mythical monster employed in folklore to frighten children into good behavior and obedience, often depicted as a shadowy, formless figure lurking in the dark.^[37] This archetype lacks a fixed appearance, allowing it to adapt to cultural fears, such as a hobgoblin or specter in British traditions where it is known as the "bogey man."^[38] It emphasizes its role as an embodiment of the unknown.^[37] Historical examples of the bogeyman appear prominently in 19th-century European tales, such as those collected by the Brothers Grimm in 1816, where figures like the piper in "The Pied Piper of Hamelin" serve as cautionary monsters snatching disobedient children.^[39] In American folklore, the boogeyman is often portrayed as hiding under beds or in closets to punish naughty behavior, drawing from European immigrant stories and used in lullabies to enforce bedtime routines. Parenting practices from the 1830s onward incorporated such threats, with a method that persisted into American households as documented in 1882 accounts of nurses terrifying young children using a "horrible Black Man" figure.^[40] Cultural variations highlight the bogeyman's adaptability; in Slavic folklore, it influences figures like Baba Yaga, a child-snatching witch in hut on chicken legs who embodies moral warnings in tales from the 19th century.^[39] Globally, equivalents include the German Butzemann or Austrian Krampus, both used to scare children during winter rituals, while the British version remains a vague, hairy intruder carrying a sack for naughty kids.^[38] These depictions, rooted in 18th- and 19th-century literature, vary by region but consistently target children to promote social norms.^[41] Psychologically, the bogeyman functions as a cautionary archetype rather than a concrete entity, helping children process fears of the dark and strangers while reinforcing parental authority through imagined threats of punishment.^[37] It serves as a tool for emotional regulation, allowing communities to transmit intergenerational anxieties and moral lessons without a specific form, thus remaining malleable across eras.^[41] This role underscores its utility in folklore as a developmental aid, emerging in children's imaginations around ages 2-6 to confront and overcome abstract terrors.^[37]

Symbol of Fear

In broader cultural and idiomatic usage, "bogey" has evolved to denote any dreaded yet often imaginary or exaggerated threat, serving as a metaphor for irrational fears that haunt individuals or societies without substantial basis. This sense of the term, derived from its folkloric roots in mythical creatures, first appeared in the early 19th century (first known use 1826) as a way to describe perceived dangers that provoke undue alarm.^[9] For instance, in economics, the "inflation bogey" refers to the persistent anxiety over rising prices as a destabilizing force, even as actual inflation rates remained moderate during periods of economic expansion.^[42] Psychologically, the "bogey" symbolizes deep-seated phobias or collective anxieties, embodying obstacles that feel omnipresent but are rooted in subconscious dread rather than immediate reality. This metaphorical application aligns with early 20th-century Freudian ideas of the uncanny, where familiar elements turn strangely threatening, evoking a sense of unease akin to confronting an intangible specter. In clinical contexts, such bogeys manifest as irrational fears that disrupt daily functioning, prompting therapeutic interventions to unpack and dispel them.^[43]^[44] The term frequently appears in political and social discourse to critique manufactured panics, such as the "red bogey" during the McCarthy era of the 1950s, where fears of communist infiltration were amplified to justify widespread persecution and loyalty probes.^[45] Similarly, in the 2020s, debates over climate change denial have portrayed regulatory efforts to address global warming as exaggerated threats to economic freedom, thereby stoking resistance to evidence-based policies. These examples illustrate how the bogey functions as a rhetorical device to sustain societal anxieties.^[46] Over time, the concept has shifted from supernatural origins to non-supernatural applications in modern psychology and self-help, where "personal bogeys" describe individual fears confronted through therapy or introspection to foster growth. This evolution underscores the term's adaptability, transforming a symbol of childhood terror into a tool for addressing adult emotional barriers.^[47]^[48]

Engineering

Railway and Vehicle Components

In railway engineering, a bogie (also spelled bogey in some contexts, derived from a Northern English dialect term for a wheeled trolley) is a pivoting chassis assembly consisting of a frame with wheels and axles that supports the body of a rail vehicle, enabling it to traverse curves by allowing independent rotation relative to the car body.^[49] This design improves stability, distributes weight evenly across the track, and facilitates smoother operation on irregular or curved rails.^[50] Beyond railways, bogies are used in heavy-duty vehicles such as mining trucks and articulated trailers, where they provide multi-axle support for heavy loads, enhancing stability and reducing ground pressure on soft terrain. For example, planetary bogie axles in construction and mining equipment allow for high load capacities and maneuverability on uneven surfaces.^[51] The bogie concept was first detailed in British Patent No. 3632, granted to brothers William Chapman and Edward Chapman on December 30, 1812, as a means to reduce friction and enhance maneuverability on early railways with tight curves.^[52] By the 1830s, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in the United States had adopted bogies for freight and passenger cars, marking the first practical implementation and establishing the design as a standard feature in American railroading, where it is commonly termed a "truck."^[53] In Britain, adoption followed in the mid-19th century, with early uses in mineral wagons and locomotives; by the 1870s, bogie-equipped passenger coaches appeared on standard-gauge lines, such as those of the Midland Railway, becoming integral to the expanding network.^[54] Structurally, a typical bogie features a rigid or flexible steel frame housing two or three axles with four to six wheels, connected via wheelsets that maintain the track gauge; key components include primary suspension (such as axlebox springs for absorbing track irregularities), secondary suspension (bolster springs or air springs for ride comfort), brake systems (disc or pad mechanisms actuated by air cylinders), and, in powered units, traction motors with gearboxes driving the axles.^[49] These elements collectively ensure load-bearing capacity up to 20-25 tons per bogie in freight applications and provide precise guidance for locomotives and cars.^[49] In contemporary rail systems, advanced bogies incorporate mechatronic features like active suspension, sensors for real-time monitoring, and optimized aerodynamics to enhance stability and reduce wear at high speeds. For instance, the Eurostar high-speed trains utilize Alstom-designed bogies with refined conicity control and low-friction pivots, enabling safe operation at over 300 km/h while minimizing vibrations and energy consumption.^[55] Such innovations have become standard in global high-speed networks, prioritizing safety and efficiency in both passenger and freight services.^[50]

Military Vehicles

In tanks and armored personnel carriers (APCs), bogey wheels denote the suspended road wheels that support the continuous tracks, mounted on bogie assemblies within the suspension system to distribute the vehicle's weight evenly and absorb shocks from uneven terrain.^[56] This design enhances mobility and stability, particularly in combat environments where rough ground is common.^[57] A key historical implementation appears in World War II German Panzer designs, exemplified by the Tiger I heavy tank introduced in 1942. The Tiger I employed interleaved bogey wheels in a torsion bar suspension, featuring 24 road wheels per side (each 800 mm in diameter with solid rubber tires initially), arranged in groups of three per arm. These bogeys distributed the tank's 57-tonne weight to lower ground pressure, smooth out the ride over obstacles, and improve off-road traction, though the interleaving complicated maintenance and mud clearance.^[57] Following World War II, the United States advanced bogey systems in the M48 Patton medium tank, which entered production in 1952. The M48 incorporated a torsion bar suspension with six pairs of dual rubber-tyred bogey wheels per side, supplemented by hydraulic shock absorbers on the first, second, and sixth stations, along with five return rollers. This refinement from prior designs like the M47 emphasized durability and shock absorption, enabling reliable performance across diverse terrains while supporting the tank's 49-tonne weight. Later variants, such as the M48A2, further optimized the system with stronger components for enhanced longevity.^[56] Contemporary examples include the Russian T-90 main battle tank, which utilizes torsion bar suspension with six pairs of dual rubber-tired bogey wheels per side (12 total), mounted on swing arms with a 250 mm length. Introduced in 1992 as an evolution of the T-72, the T-90's bogeys provide 395 mm of total vertical spring travel and a natural oscillation frequency of 1.45 Hz, effectively managing the vehicle's 48-tonne mass for stable mobility. The system's 47 mm diameter torsion bars, with a spring rate of 309 Nm/°, ensure robust shock absorption.^[58]^[59] Overall, bogey wheels in these military vehicles offer advantages over rigid axles by improving off-road performance through superior weight distribution and vibration damping, which reduces crew fatigue and enhances combat effectiveness.^[57]^[59]

People

Nickname

The nickname "Bogey" has been most famously associated with Humphrey Bogart (1899–1957), the influential American actor renowned for his portrayals of cynical yet principled characters in Hollywood's Golden Age. Bogart received the moniker from his close friend and fellow actor Spencer Tracy around 1930, during their early days as struggling performers in New York theater; Tracy reportedly shortened "Bogart" to "Bogie" (often spelled "Bogey" interchangeably), a diminutive that stuck throughout Bogart's career. His third wife, Lauren Bacall, popularized the affectionate variant "Bogey" in their personal life and public lore after their marriage in 1945, using it endearingly in correspondence and interviews to reflect their intimate bond. This nickname underscored Bogart's tough exterior masking a sentimental core, as seen in iconic films like Casablanca (1942), where his character Rick Blaine embodied resilient charm. Beyond Bogart, "Bogey" has appeared as an informal nickname for several athletes, particularly in baseball, often derived from surname resemblances or playful nods to folklore figures like the bogeyman for their elusive or intimidating styles. In more modern contexts, the nickname persists among professional players; for instance, Xander Bogaerts, a prominent Major League Baseball shortstop for the San Diego Padres since 2023 (previously with the Boston Red Sox), is widely called "Bogey" as a phonetic shortening of his last name, highlighting his agile and strategic play on the field. Similarly, former MLB infielder and coach Tim Bogar (born 1966) adopted "Bogey" throughout his 1993–2001 playing career and subsequent roles, emphasizing the nickname's enduring appeal in sports for its brevity and familiarity. The cultural resonance of "Bogey" as Bogart's nickname extends to broader entertainment tributes, embedding it in Hollywood mythology and inspiring parodic honors. Bogart's persona amplified the term's allure, leading to its adoption in award ceremonies like the Bogey Awards (established 1997 in Germany), a box-office success prize featuring a statuette modeled after Bogart to celebrate films that rapidly draw large audiences, thus perpetuating his legacy through ironic acclaim for commercial hits. Such uses illustrate how the nickname evolved from personal shorthand to a symbol of charismatic toughness, occasionally evoking folklore's shadowy "bogey" for humorous or thematic effect in nicknames across fields.

Surname

Bogey is a rare surname of European origin, possibly deriving from the Middle English term "bogeys," used as a nickname for a bold or spirited individual in the 13th century.^[60] It is most prevalent in France, where it is borne by approximately 526 people, concentrated in regions like Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, with a global incidence of 752 bearers as of recent estimates.^[61] Historical records indicate its presence in the United States, United Kingdom, and Scotland from the 19th century onward, though it remains uncommon, with fewer than 200 families documented in U.S. censuses by 1880.^[62] The most notable individual with the surname Bogey is Robert Bogey (born November 26, 1935), a French long-distance runner who represented France at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, competing in the 10,000 meters event.^[63] Bogey achieved a personal best of 28:48.2 in the 10,000 meters in 1963 and won the French national championship in that distance in 1960 and 1962.^[64] Beyond athletics, records of other prominent bearers are limited, with no widely recognized figures in politics, academia, or other fields emerging in 20th-century Europe or elsewhere.^[61] As of 2025, the surname lacks prominent modern examples, distinguishing it from informal nicknames such as "Bogey" associated with figures like Humphrey Bogart.^[65]

Arts and Entertainment

Literature and Film

In literature, the term "bogey" often evokes the bogeyman archetype, a supernatural entity symbolizing primal fears, particularly in horror genres. Stephen King's short story "The Boogeyman," first published in the March 1973 issue of Cavalier magazine and later included in his 1978 collection Night Shift, exemplifies this motif. The narrative centers on Lester Billings, who recounts to a psychiatrist how a monstrous bogeyman emerges from closets to terrorize and kill his three young children, only for a twist to reveal Billings as the true killer and the psychiatrist as the entity itself.^[66] This tale draws briefly from folklore inspirations of shadowy figures haunting children's bedrooms to enforce obedience. King's work influenced broader literary explorations of bogey-like fears in mid-20th-century horror, where such entities represent psychological dread and familial unraveling. Ray Bradbury's story "The Small Assassin," first published in 1946 and collected in The Golden Apples of the Sun (1953), invokes similar childhood terrors through malevolent infants that prey on parents, mirroring bogeyman tropes of hidden household horrors.^[67] These motifs emphasize conceptual fears over explicit monsters, prioritizing emotional isolation and the uncanny in everyday settings. In film, "bogey" appears in aviation contexts as slang for an unidentified aircraft on radar, a term originating in World War II military jargon. This usage features prominently in war and action movies depicting aerial combat, where pilots track potential threats. For instance, in Top Gun (1986), directed by Tony Scott, the term is repeatedly used during dogfight scenes to denote unknown enemy MiG-28s approaching U.S. Navy F-14s, though critics note its loose application beyond strict protocol—identifying bogeys as merely unidentified contacts, not confirmed hostiles.^[68] Earlier aviation films from the 1940s and 1950s, such as those portraying RAF bomber missions, occasionally reference radar blips as bogeys amid tense reconnaissance sequences, heightening suspense in depictions of wartime uncertainty.^[69] An early horror film example is The Boogey Man (1980), directed by Uzi Lommel, which features a bogeyman figure terrorizing a family in a slasher-style narrative.^[70] Recent cinema has revisited the bogeyman in horror, adapting literary roots for modern audiences. The 2023 film The Boogeyman, directed by Rob Savage and produced by 20th Century Studios, expands King's 1973 story into a feature-length thriller about a grieving family haunted by a grief-feeding entity that slithers from darkness. Starring Sophie Thatcher and Chris Messina, it premiered at the SXSW Film Festival and grossed $82.3 million worldwide as of 2023.^[71] This adaptation underscores the enduring appeal of bogey figures in contemporary indie-influenced horror, focusing on urban family dread rather than isolated tales.

Music and Comics

In music, the term "bogey" gained prominence through the Edwardian-era song "Hush! Hush! Hush! Here Comes the Bogey Man," composed by A. W. Brown (music) with lyrics by J. W. Lake circa 1907 and popularized in British music halls, where it depicted a frightening figure used to scare children into obedience.^[72] Modern musical references to the bogeyman appear in experimental tracks like Paul McCartney's instrumental "Bogey Wobble," recorded in 1979 and released on the 1980 album McCartney II, which drew inspiration from Raymond Briggs' children's book Fungus the Bogeyman and evoked whimsical yet eerie imagery through distorted synth sounds and rhythmic wobbles.^[73] In comics, "bogey" manifests as a character archetype embodying dread and the supernatural, particularly in horror and superhero narratives. Marvel Comics introduced the Bogeyman (Douglas Carmody), a vengeful ex-agent equipped with advanced battlesuit technology, who debuted in Power Pack #14 in 1985 as a kidnapper targeting children to settle personal grudges, blending sci-fi elements with folkloric terror.^[74] Similarly, DC Comics' Swamp Thing #44 (1986), written by Alan Moore, explores bogeymen as manifestations of primal fears and folklore in a story involving a serial killer obsessed with the myth. These portrayals highlight the bogeyman's role as a versatile antagonist in sequential art, often amplifying themes of vulnerability and the unknown. A recent example includes the 2022 punk track "Bogeyman" by Ten Foot Pole from their album Winning, which reinterprets the figure as an internal psychological threat rather than a literal monster, reflecting ongoing cultural uses of the motif to explore mental health and paranoia.^[75] Some comic bogeyman characters have inspired brief film cameos or adaptations in horror anthologies, underscoring cross-media appeal.

Slang and Miscellaneous

Bodily Functions

In British English, "bogey" (also spelled "bogie") denotes a piece of dried or semisolid nasal mucus, often removed from the nostril.^[76] This slang term emerged in the late 1930s, with the earliest recorded use dating to 1937, originating from the sense of "bogey" as an evil spirit or goblin, reflecting associations with something unpleasant.^[77] It is also recognized in Australian English as a colloquial equivalent for the same bodily secretion. Common usage appears in informal contexts, such as the phrase "pick your bogey," which describes the act of extracting nasal mucus with a finger—a habit often observed in children.^[78] The term features in British cultural discussions of bodily functions, highlighting its vulgar, everyday connotation.^[79] Culturally, "bogey" is less prevalent in American English, where "booger" serves as the standard slang for dried nasal mucus.^[76] In pediatric health advice, particularly in the UK, the term appears in discussions of hygiene, where caregivers are encouraged to teach children to blow their noses into tissues rather than picking, as the latter can introduce germs and lead to infections.^[78] This vulgar slang underscores the informal, sometimes embarrassing nature of addressing nasal hygiene in educational materials for parents and children.^[79]

General Idioms

In business contexts, a "bogey" refers to a target or benchmark used to evaluate performance, such as a fund's return goal or a sales objective.^[80] This usage draws from the golf term for a score one over par, symbolizing a standard to meet or exceed, and has been applied in finance since at least the mid-20th century to set measurable goals without implying failure.^[81] In negotiation, the "bogey" tactic involves feigning intense interest in a minor issue to trade it later for concessions on more important matters, often appearing in sales training from the 1980s onward.^[82] This strategy, also called a "phony issue," creates leverage by misleading the counterpart about priorities, as documented in negotiation literature emphasizing distributive bargaining techniques.^[83] The phrase "raise the bogey" emerged in industrial and workplace settings during the 1920s–1930s, meaning to elevate performance standards or production quotas, often to the detriment of workers fearing reduced incentives.^[84] Rooted in piecework systems influenced by military and sports targets, it reflects concerns over management tightening expectations after productivity gains.^[84] In Australian English, "bogey" denotes a swim or bath, derived from the Dharug Aboriginal language word for bathing, unrelated to European senses like the golf or military terms.^[85] A "bogey hole" specifically refers to a natural rock pool or coastal swimming spot, a usage recorded since the 19th century in regional dialects, particularly in Queensland and New South Wales.^[86]

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bogus (adj.) "counterfeit, spurious, sham," 1839, from a noun (1838) meaning "counterfeit money, spurious coin," American English slang.
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Jul 19, 2025 · Bangladesh take Sri Lanka momentum into contest against bogey team Pakistan. Pakistan have dominated Bangladesh in T20Is, but the hosts will ...
[20]
Sri Lanka's bogey team, and boundaryless Jayawardene
Jan 23, 2009 · Sri Lanka's bogey team, and boundaryless Jayawardene. Sri Lanka have done reasonably well against most teams, but Pakistan have brought out ...
[21]
SUNDAY CONVERSATION: NASCAR racer Jimmie Johnson on ... - F1
Dec 1, 2018 · On Monday, each driver set a bogey time in their own car, getting to know how it felt round the Bahrain International Circuit. Jimmie lapped ...
[22]
1970 German Grand Prix | Motorsport Database
In the Friday practice Regazzoni lapped in 1min. 59.8 sec. to indicate that 2 min. was going to be bogey time, and in the first practice on Saturday Rindt did 1 ...
[23]
Le Mans 24 Hours GTE Technical Report - Racecar Engineering
Jul 7, 2011 · ... lap time of 4min 45secs. Thus, when pit stops or safety cars cause the lap time to drop below the 'bogey time', the line plotted descends ...
[24]
[PDF] THE FUTURE OF SCRUTINEERING - Motorsport UK
Nov 1, 2021 · It comprises mainly of timed tests, which use passage controls, code boards and manoeuvres to keep speeds down, and a bogey time means there is ...
[25]
[PDF] Joint Operations in the Gulf War - DoD
2. The term bogey refers to an unknown aircraft or unidentified aircraft. The term bandit refers to a confirmed enemy aircraft. 3. Some of ...
[26]
ON LANGUAGE; High Jinks and Low Bogeys - The New York Times
Jan 29, 1989 · Bogey, according to Eric Partridge's slang dictionary, is Royal Air Force usage from early in World War II meaning ''an aircraft suspected to be hostile.''Missing: 1910s | Show results with:1910s
[27]
Do Records Show Proof of UFOs? | National Archives
Feb 9, 2018 · ... bogey at 10 o'clock high.” Bogey was often the term used to refer to UFOs. The conversation goes on to explain that the astronauts are ...
[28]
[PDF] brevity - DTIC
BLOW THROUGH. Directive/informative call that aircraft will continue straight ahead at the merge and not become ANCHORED with target(s). BOGEY. A radar or ...Missing: WWII | Show results with:WWII
[29]
Navy pilots recall "unsettling" 2004 UAP sighting - 60 Minutes
Aug 29, 2021 · "It was unidentified. And that's why it was so unsettling to us. Because we weren't expecting it. We couldn't classify it," said Dietrich.
[30]
Pentagon declassifies three UFO videos taken by Navy pilots - CNBC
Apr 28, 2020 · The Department of Defense released three videos taken by US Navy pilots revealing mysterious flying objects that to this day remain unidentified.
[31]
CHAPTER IX Radar Recognition Systems--IFF - Ibiblio
Such systems are known as IFF (Identification, Friend or Foe) ... If bogey after bogey turns out to be friendly, the pilots making the interceptions begin.
[32]
Battle Experience - Radar Pickets
At 1310 a bogey was contacted by both ships, simultaneously, bearing 034° (T) range 74 miles. This raid dropped window. The Purdy manned general quarters ...
[33]
AWACS Enters the Homestretch - Air & Space Forces Magazine
Apr 4, 2025 · Based on the “jet age” Boeing 707 first launched in the 1950s, today's AWACS fleet entered service in the late 1970s and has been flying for ...
[34]
https://www.alssa.mil/Portals/9/Documents/mttps/brevity_2025.pdf
[35]
Navy eyes AI to track adversarial drone swarms, vessels from ...
Oct 6, 2025 · The Navy is looking for automatic target recognition and tracking capabilities to deploy in operations involving its maritime helicopters.
[36]
How Artificial Intelligence is Disrupting Radar Systems Designed for ...
Aug 5, 2025 · By reducing false positives in hostile environments, AI improves the reliability of threat detection. Combining Electro Optical/Infrared (EO ...Missing: 2020s | Show results with:2020s
[37]
What's the Bogeyman? - Scientific American
Oct 28, 2016 · The Bogeyman may very well be a universal; some variation is found in almost every culture. It goes by many names: jumbie, bhoot, Krampus ...Missing: scholarly sources
[38]
Bogeyman / Boogeyman
A monstrous imaginary figure used in threatening children. Be good or the boogeyman will get you. Funk and Wagnalls Standard Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology, ...Missing: 1830s europe
[39]
[PDF] Charming Child-Snatchers: Forming the Bogeyman in The Pied ...
Apr 8, 2020 · The thesis explores how the bogeyman trope, a child-snatching monster, is formed in tales like The Pied Piper, Peter Pan, and the Ted Bundy ...
[40]
Boogeyman | History, Role & Appearances - Study.com
The term Boogeyman originated from the mid 19th century from the Middle English word bugge, meaning "something frightful." Numerous regions around the world ...
[41]
Chapter 1: The Evolution of Childhood - Psychohistory
The number of ghost-like figures used to frighten children through-out history is legion, and their regular use by adults was common until quite recently.
[42]
[PDF] Out of the Closet: A Bogeyman for the Internet Age - IU ScholarWorks
The bogeyman, also known as 'boogeyman,' is a monster with folkloric roots tied to moral standards and social order, and is malleable and adopted by ...
[43]
Inflation Bogey Blocking Recovery – IDEAs
Inflation bogey revived. Meanwhile, there is growing talk of 'stagflation' – of rising inflation with slow growth and high unemployment, as in the 1970s.
[44]
The Uncanny - Freud Museum London
Sep 18, 2019 · The paper tackles the horrific concepts of inanimate figures coming to life, severed limbs, ghosts, the image of the double figure (doppelgaengers) and lends ...Missing: bogey | Show results with:bogey
[45]
https://www.freepressjournal.in/analysis/from-mccarthyism-to-newsclick-the-bogey-of-the-red-threat
[46]
From McCarthyism to NewsClick: The Bogey Of The Red Threat
Oct 10, 2023 · In the 1950s, America was gripped by an intense wave of anti-communist sentiment. It was seen in political discourse, Hollywood films, novels ...
[47]
The five corrupt pillars of climate change denial - The Conversation
Nov 28, 2019 · The fossil fuel industry, political lobbyists, media moguls and individuals have spent the past 30 years sowing doubt about the reality of climate change.Missing: bogey | Show results with:bogey
[48]
dreams, understanding, personal growth - Life Positive
Dreams, nightmares, and bogeys. By probing into the depths of our mind, we can understand and free ourselves of our dreams or nightmares, says Vanitha ...
[49]
Hate Being the Bogey Man? Then Give up These Four Things
Jul 11, 2022 · Being cast as the bogey man is hurtful, crushing and upends your sense of reality. Your self-esteem and sense of value is threatened.
[50]
Bogies | The Railway Technical Website | PRC Rail Consulting Ltd
Each bogie is a 4-wheeled or 6-wheeled truck that provides the support for the vehicle body and which is used to provide its traction and braking.Missing: invention French 1814
[51]
The modern bogie – are we on the cusp of a revolution?
Sep 21, 2022 · From the historical patent (Chapman, 1812) to the last development, the history of the bogie is one strongly linked with rail.
[52]
The Bogie Vehicle | 11 | Fundamentals of Rail Vehicle Dynamics | Alan
The first known proposal for the bogie was made in Britain by William Chapman in 1797 [1]. It was, however, in the United States that the concept was first ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[53]
The evolution of the railway carriage - Key Model World
Jun 20, 2023 · It was the Midland Railway that was responsible for the next big step forward. In 1874 the company produced the first bogie passenger carriage ...
[54]
Improvement of Alstom's high-speed bogies - Global Railway Review
Nov 26, 2007 · This experience has confirmed the very good stability of the bogie with the low evolution of the conicities. The evolution of the conicities ...
[55]
M48 (Main battle tank) - Army Guide
The torsion bar suspension consists of six dual rubber-tyred roadwheels with the idler at the front, drive sprocket at the rear and five return rollers on each ...<|separator|>
[56]
Tiger Wheels - The Tank Museum
Nov 30, 2017 · The original road wheels fitted to the Tiger I were 800mm in diameter, made from steel with solid rubber tyres. There were 24 per side, with three fitted on ...
[57]
T-90M Proryv-3 - GlobalSecurity.org
Oct 25, 2021 · T-90M Proryv-3 ; suspension, torsion bar, six dual rubber-tire road wheels; drive sprocket at the rear; idler at the front; three track-return ...
[58]
[PDF] Characteristics of torsion bar suspension elasticity in MBTs and the ...
The T-90S tank has a 16% lower value of the specific work load capacity, with the smallest swing arm length. (a=250 mm), but with highly resistant torsion bars.
[59]
Bogey Surname: Meaning, Origin & Family History - SurnameDB
The name derives from the Middle English (12th century) word 'bogeys', and as such it was a nickname for 'bold' person. The precise meaning of 'bold' in 13th ...Missing: demographics | Show results with:demographics
[60]
Bogey Surname Origin, Meaning & Last Name History - Forebears
The surname Bogey is most frequently occurring in France, where it is borne by 526 people, or 1 in 126,279. In France Bogey is mostly concentrated in: Auvergne ...
[61]
Bogey Surname Meaning & Bogey Family History at Ancestry.com®
The Bogey family name was found in the USA, the UK, and Scotland between 1840 and 1920. The most Bogey families were found in USA in 1880. In 1840 there was 1 ...
[62]
Robert BOGEY - Olympics.com
Robert BOGEY. France. FRA. Athletics. Biography. Personal Best: 10000 – 28:48.2 (1963). Games Participations1. First Olympic GamesRome 1960. Year of Birth ...Missing: distance | Show results with:distance
[63]
Robert BOGEY | Profile - World Athletics
In top 8 at European Championships. 1X. World Records in career. Personal bests. 4x1500 Metres Relay. Result. 15:04.2h. Date. 28 JUN 1961. 10,000 Metres.Missing: long- runner Olympics
[64]
Bogey History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms - HouseOfNames
Bogey is a local surname, which belongs to the category of hereditary surnames. The name may derive from the Old English "bok lee," meaning meadow, or field.Bogey History · Etymology · Early Origins · Early History
[65]
'The Boogeyman' - Why the Original Short Story Is Stephen King ...
May 31, 2023 · When his three-year-old son Denny begs for a nightlight, Lester ignores his son's insistence that an inky black monster he calls the Boogeyman ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[66]
5 Terrifying Stories by Ray Bradbury - Mental Floss
Aug 18, 2021 · 5 Terrifying Stories by Ray Bradbury · 1. “At Midnight, in the Month of June” · 2. “The Veldt” · 3. “The Small Assassin” · 4. “The October Game” · 5.
[67]
Goofs - Top Gun (1986) - IMDb
The term "bogey" is misused throughout the movie. A bogey is an unidentified aircraft. Once identified, it is referred to as a "friendly" (for friendly aircraft) ...Missing: aviation war
[68]
23 Terms Only Fighter Pilots Understand - Military.com
Mar 18, 2016 · If you've ever hung out with military aviators (or watched movies like “Top Gun” or “Iron Eagle”) you know they tend to use a lot of strange ...
[69]
The Boogeyman | Rotten Tomatoes
Rating 60% (196) When a desperate patient unexpectedly shows up at their home seeking help, he leaves behind a terrifying supernatural entity that preys on families.195 Reviews · Cast and Crew · Trailers & Videos<|control11|><|separator|>
[70]
Bogey and par - Golf Club Atlas
I am aware that bogey was used the way we use par today until it was replaced (I have read that about 1911 in the US).
[71]
Bogey to Blow-Up | Buxton and High Peak Golf Club
This was probably a reference to the eponymous subject of an Edwardian music hall song "Hush! Hush! Hush! Here Comes the Bogey Man", which was popular at that ...
[72]
Bogey Wobble | The Beatles Bible
Sep 29, 2023 · 'Bogey Wobble' is an experimental instrumental recording made by Paul McCartney during the sessions for his second solo album McCartney II.
[73]
The Origins of White Power Music: The Co-Opting of Punk and Oi ...
Jul 16, 2024 · Cock Sparrer covered “Colonel Bogey” (a nationalistic, anti-Nazi, song);. Terry McCann called a skinhead with a swastika tattoo stupid and ...
[74]
Bogeyman Powers, Enemies, History - Marvel
Carmody, calling in a favor from a Project: Pegasus contact, obtained a surplus battlesuit, then, as the Bogey-Man, kidnapped Katie, though her siblings swiftly ...Missing: character | Show results with:character
[75]
Bogeyman | Ten Foot Pole | People of Punk Rock
2. Bogeyman. from Winning. by Ten Foot Pole · Includes unlimited streaming via the Bandcamp app, plus download in mp3, FLAC and more · Download available in 24- ...
[76]
bogey - American Heritage Dictionary Entry
1. (also bgē, bgē) An evil or mischievous spirit; a hobgoblin. 2. (also bgē, bgē) A cause of annoyance or harassment.Missing: encyclopedia | Show results with:encyclopedia
[77]
bogey, n. 3 - Green's Dictionary of Slang
J. Fagan Panopticon (2013) 59: He rams his index finger up his nose [...] inspects the bogey and then flicks it away. 2. a nickname given to a man with prominent ...
[78]
Why do young children pick their noses and eat it?
Children often eat their bogies because they are curious, and it's a convenient method of disposal. There's no particular medical or dietary advantage.
[79]
Secret life of snot | British Society for Immunology
Snot, what's it all about? Here at the BSI we're inquisitive people so we set about finding out more about those disgusting things called bogies.
[80]
Bogey: What it Means, How it Works, Example - Investopedia
Bogey is a buzzword that refers to a benchmark used to evaluate a fund's performance and risk characteristics.
[81]
bogey - AllBusiness.com
Definition of bogey ... target for purchasing or selling a security or achieving some other objective. An investor's bogey may be a 10% rate of return from a ...
[82]
The 5 Most Common Negotiation Tactics and How to Counter Them
Apr 6, 2015 · 2: Bogey. A bogey is a particular issue that the negotiator pretends is vitally important to the deal, though in reality it is unimportant to ...Missing: source | Show results with:source
[83]
Sage Academic Books - “Hardball” Tactics of Negotiation
This is another example of the contrast effect. Bogey (Phony Issue). Situation: The other party lies about their interest in a relatively worthless (to them) ...
[84]
[PDF] ANTHROPOLOGICAL PRACTICE IN BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY
This work culture arose from the workers' belief that a higher daily rate of production would prompt management to raise the 'bogey' (i.e., the minimum.
[85]
The real story behind Australian slang - BBC
Feb 24, 2022 · ... bogey' from the Aboriginal Dharug language, meaning to swim. By the mid-19th Century, 'bogey holes' had become places where you could swim.
[86]
Meanings and origins of Australian words and idioms
To swim or bathe. Bogey is a borrowing from the Aboriginal Sydney Language. The earliest records show the term being used in the pidgin English of Aborigines:.