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Broadsheet

A broadsheet is a newspaper format characterized by its large physical dimensions, traditionally measuring approximately 600 mm by 750 mm (24 inches by 30 inches) in the United Kingdom when unfolded and varying by region, such as 380 mm by 580 mm (15 inches by 23 inches) in the United States, which allows for extensive content across multiple columns on folded sheets.^[1] This format originated in Britain during the 17th and 18th centuries, evolving from early printed sheets due to technical limitations of wooden presses and later influenced by a 1712 Stamp Act that taxed newspapers based on the number of pages, encouraging publishers to use larger sheets to maximize content per taxed unit.^[2] ^[3] Historically, broadsheets dominated the newspaper industry from the print revolution onward, with early examples featuring dense, text-heavy pages spanning 8 to 10 columns to accommodate growing demand for information amid rising literacy rates.^[2] The format's size facilitated detailed reporting and analysis, and by the 19th century, innovations like steam-powered presses enabled mass production, leading to circulations in the tens of thousands for titles such as the New York Journal of Commerce, which measured up to 35 inches by 58 inches in the 1830s.^[2] In contrast to tabloids, which emerged in the early 20th century as compact alternatives roughly half the size—around 280 mm by 430 mm—broadsheets became synonymous with journalistic seriousness, prioritizing political, economic, and international news over sensationalism.^[1] ^[4] Key characteristics of broadsheets include their upright orientation when folded, multiple sections for specialized content (e.g., editorials, arts, and sports), and a layout that supports longer articles with smaller fonts and minimal imagery in earlier iterations.^[2] This format connotes credibility and depth, attracting readers seeking substantive analysis, though connotations have blurred as many traditional broadsheets, like The Times and The Independent in the UK, transitioned to smaller "compact" sizes in the late 20th and early 21st centuries to reduce production costs and improve portability.^[4] ^[5] Despite these shifts, the broadsheet legacy endures in digital formats, where its emphasis on comprehensive coverage influences online news presentation.^[2]

Definition and Format

Physical Characteristics

The broadsheet format is defined by its large full-sheet dimensions, typically measuring approximately 597 mm × 750 mm (23.5 in × 29.5 in) when unfolded in European and UK traditions, allowing for expansive content presentation before folding.^[1] In the United States, the traditional full sheet is slightly taller at 762 mm × 578 mm (30 in × 22.75 in) unfolded, though many publications have adopted downsized variations, such as the New York Times' folded page of 305 mm × 559 mm (12 in × 22 in), reflecting a shift toward more compact forms while retaining broadsheet proportions.^[6] These sizes provide a substantial canvas that supports detailed storytelling without compromising readability when properly folded. Layout in broadsheet newspapers emphasizes a multi-column structure, usually comprising 6 to 8 columns per page, which facilitates the organization of lengthy articles alongside visual elements.^[7] Prominent front-page headlines often span multiple columns, drawing immediate attention to major stories, while ample space accommodates integrated images and subheadings for in-depth reporting.^[8] Broadsheet papers employ higher-grade newsprint, an uncoated and non-glossy stock typically weighing 40 to 65 grams per square meter (gsm), selected for its durability to endure repeated folding and handling without tearing or excessive ink smearing.^[9] This material's off-white finish and mechanical pulp composition ensure opacity and print sharpness suitable for high-volume production. Folding mechanisms in broadsheets involve an initial vertical half-fold along the length of the full sheet to create two facing pages (reducing width to approximately half), followed by horizontal creases to divide sections into manageable quarters or eighths for enhanced portability during transit or reading in confined spaces.^[10] These broadsheet-specific creases, often implemented twice during manufacturing, yield a collapsible geometry that balances the format's expansive nature with practical usability.^[11]

Comparison to Other Formats

The broadsheet format contrasts sharply with the tabloid format; when folded for reading, traditional US broadsheets measure 381 mm × 578 mm (15 in × 22.75 in), while European versions are approximately 375 mm × 597 mm (14.8 in × 23.5 in).^[12] The tabloid is roughly half the size at 279 mm × 432 mm (11 in × 17 in). This smaller tabloid dimension lends itself to more compact layouts with fewer columns—often four or five—facilitating shorter articles, prominent photographs, and visually oriented storytelling that prioritizes accessibility over depth.^[7] Tabloids emerged in the early 20th century partly due to their affordability in production and distribution, appealing to a broader, on-the-go readership with sensational or entertainment-focused content.^[13] In between these extremes lies the Berliner format, an intermediate size of 315 mm × 470 mm (12.4 in × 18.5 in) unfolded, which is taller and wider than a tabloid but narrower and shorter than a broadsheet.^[14] Newspapers such as Le Monde have adopted the Berliner to balance readability with space for imagery, enabling better integration of photographs and graphics across three columns without the unwieldy expanse of a full broadsheet.^[15] This design supports a semi-serious tone, offering more visual appeal than traditional broadsheets while avoiding the perceived sensationalism of tabloids.^[16] Other formats, such as compact editions, mirror tabloid dimensions but retain broadsheet-style editorial rigor, while the rise of online-only publications has diminished physical size constraints altogether; however, broadsheets maintain an aura of authority through their expansive layouts, which accommodate extensive text blocks and multiple viewpoints in a single spread.^[7] Practically, broadsheets pose challenges for reading in confined spaces like public transport, where their large sheets require frequent folding and can be cumbersome, whereas tabloids and Berliners offer greater portability and ease of handling during commutes.^[17]

Historical Development

Origins and Early Use

The broadsheet format originated in 17th-century England as a single large sheet of paper printed on one side, often referred to as a broadside or broadsheet, deriving its name from the expansive, unfolded layout designed for public posting or distribution.^[18] These early prints were commonly used for ballads, which combined lyrics, rudimentary musical notation, and woodcut illustrations to disseminate popular songs and stories among the lower classes.^[19] Newsbooks, short unbound pamphlets often in quarto format reporting current events like battles or royal announcements, complemented the broadside's single-sheet scale, marking the initial fusion of news dissemination with large-format printing. By the mid-1600s, such publications proliferated during periods of political unrest, such as the English Civil War, providing accessible updates to a growing literate audience. In the early 18th century, the broadsheet format gained traction in British newspapers following the Stamp Act of 1712, which imposed a tax based on the number of sheets used in publications, incentivizing publishers to adopt larger sheets to fit more content and reduce taxable pages.^[6] This shift transformed proto-broadsheets like The Daily Courant, launched in 1702 as England's first daily newspaper in a single-sheet folio format, into more standardized large-format vehicles for foreign and domestic news.^[20] The format's advantages in accommodating dense text without frequent folding aligned with the era's wooden hand-press limitations, allowing for efficient production of multi-column layouts.^[21] Beyond news reporting, broadsheets served diverse initial purposes, including official proclamations, public posters advertising events or sales, and propaganda sheets promoting political or religious agendas during turbulent times. By the mid-1700s, the format had spread across Europe—building on earlier coranto traditions in the Netherlands—and to British colonies in America, where printers adapted it for local gazettes amid growing demand for information.^[22] A key milestone came in 1785 with the launch of The Times in London (initially The Daily Universal Register), which established the broadsheet as a consistent newspaper standard, emphasizing comprehensive coverage on its expansive pages.^[23]

Evolution in the 19th and 20th Centuries

The advent of steam-powered printing presses in the early 19th century marked a pivotal advancement in broadsheet production, enabling significantly larger print runs and facilitating the expansion of mass-circulation newspapers. In 1814, Friedrich Koenig and Andreas Bauer introduced the first steam-driven cylinder press at The Times in London, which could produce up to 1,100 impressions per hour, a dramatic increase from the 250-300 sheets achievable with manual presses. This innovation reduced production costs and time, allowing broadsheets to reach wider audiences during the Industrial Revolution.^[24]^[25] In the United States, the broadsheet format gained prominence with the launch of the New-York Tribune in 1841 by Horace Greeley, which became a flagship daily for Whig politics and adopted the large-page layout to accommodate extensive reporting on national issues. Across the Atlantic, Britain's "penny press" era, spurred by the 1836 reduction of the newspaper stamp tax to one penny (fully abolished in 1855), democratized access to broadsheets, shifting from elite subscriptions to affordable mass sales and boosting titles like The Daily News, founded in 1846 as a cheap, liberal-leaning broadsheet. These developments intertwined with early tax considerations on page counts, which had initially encouraged larger formats to minimize per-page duties.^[26]^[27] The World Wars further shaped broadsheet usage, particularly for propaganda, as governments leveraged the format's authoritative presence. In Russia, Pravda, established in 1912 as a Bolshevik organ and becoming the Soviet Communist Party's official newspaper from 1918, operated as a broadsheet to disseminate state ideology, reaching millions during wartime mobilization. Post-World War II, broadsheet circulation boomed in Europe and Asia amid reconstruction and rising literacy; in Austria alone, the daily press relaunched with 35 new titles by 1955, while Asian markets like Japan saw explosive growth, with the Yomiuri Shimbun achieving over 7 million daily copies by the late 20th century through broadsheet editions.^[28]^[29]^[30] Standardization in the 20th century solidified the broadsheet's dimensions, with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) adopting the ISO 216 system in 1975—rooted in 1920s German DIN 476 proposals by Walter Porstmann—for global A-series sizes, while the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) formalized U.S. equivalents like 23 x 29 inches for newspapers. This era also saw peak broadsheet circulations in the 1950s-1970s, exemplified by The New York Times, whose daily readership surpassed 1 million by the 1960s amid postwar economic prosperity and suburban expansion. Globally, the format spread to colonial and emerging markets: Australia's Sydney Morning Herald began as a broadsheet weekly in 1831 under the Sydney Herald name, evolving into a daily staple; India's The Hindu launched in 1878 as a weekly broadsheet advocating independence; and in Japan, early 20th-century dailies like the Asahi Shimbun (from 1879) adopted the broadsheet for comprehensive national coverage during the Meiji and Taisho eras.^[31]^[32]^[33]^[34]^[35]

Production Aspects

Printing Techniques

Broadsheet newspapers, with their large dimensions typically measuring approximately 38 cm by 60 cm (15 by 24 inches) when folded, with regional variations such as 375 mm × 597 mm in the UK, require specialized printing techniques to accommodate high-volume production while maintaining readability across expansive pages. The primary method employed is web offset lithography, which enables high-speed printing on continuous rolls of newsprint, allowing for simultaneous printing on both sides of the paper and efficient handling of the format's scale.^[36] This process contrasts with sheetfed printing by feeding paper from large reels, often up to 1,440 feet long, which supports the rapid output needed for daily editions.^[37] Rotary presses, pivotal to broadsheet production, emerged in the 1860s to manage the large sheets efficiently; for instance, Richard Hoe's ten-cylinder rotary press was installed for the Daily Telegraph in 1860, capable of printing up to 12,000 sheets per hour, while William Bullock's 1865 web-fed rotary design further advanced continuous roll processing.^[38] These presses use rotating cylinders to transfer ink from plates to blankets and then to the paper web, with configurations like blanket-to-blanket perfecting units ideal for newspapers' double-sided requirements.^[36] Modern iterations incorporate heatset or coldset systems, where coldset inks dry through absorption into the newsprint, suiting the uncoated, porous stock used in broadsheets.^[37] Ink application and color registration pose distinct challenges in broadsheet printing due to the format's size and multi-page spreads, which demand precise alignment across wide webs to avoid visible misalignments in CMYK separations.^[36] Registration is maintained through tension controls via dancer and metering rollers to achieve typical tolerances of 0.1-0.2 mm, but large formats amplify issues like paper stretch from moisture fluctuations or tension variations, potentially causing color shifts over expansive layouts.^[36] Broadsheet-specific adaptations include closed-loop systems for real-time adjustments, which monitor and correct misalignment during runs to preserve image integrity across full-page elements.^[39] Binding and folding for broadsheets are adapted to handle the format's bulk, typically involving inline automation rather than traditional bookbinding to streamline post-press assembly. Saddle-stitching, where folded signatures are nested and stapled along the fold, is used for thicker sections, while broadsheets are typically assembled via inline mechanical folding.^[40] Automated folding units, such as knife or jaw folders integrated into web presses, crease large sheets precisely—often in half vertically and then horizontally—to create manageable 16- or 32-page signatures without compromising the paper's integrity.^[41] This automation accommodates the expansive newsprint by guiding the web through multiple rollers and platens, ensuring consistent folds for newsstand display.^[42] Quality control in broadsheet printing addresses format-unique issues like newsprint curl and ink bleed, which can distort large printed areas if not managed. Curl arises from uneven moisture absorption or ink contraction on edges, particularly in full-bleed designs, and is mitigated by storing paper in controlled humidity environments (ideally 40-50% relative humidity) and using chill rolls post-drying to stabilize the web.^[43] Ink bleed, exacerbated by newsprint's high porosity (28-65 GSM with 90-94% opacity), leads to show-through on thin stock, but quick absorption properties allow coldset inks to set without excessive spreading; quality checks involve pre-press proofs and inline density monitoring to limit coverage and prevent bleed in expansive color spreads.^[37]^[44] These measures ensure the broad format's visual clarity, with opacity standards preventing reverse-side visibility across full pages.^[37]

Economic and Practical Considerations

The production of broadsheet newspapers incurs higher costs for paper and ink compared to smaller formats due to their larger dimensions, which require approximately 50% more newsprint per issue. This increased material consumption makes broadsheets particularly vulnerable to fluctuations in newsprint prices; for instance, during the mid-1970s global shortages, newsprint costs rose from $134 per ton in 1965 to $235 per ton by 1974, significantly elevating overall production expenses for publishers reliant on the format. Ink usage also scales with page area, contributing to elevated variable costs that can represent up to 30% of total expenses in some operations.^[45]^[46] Distribution logistics for broadsheets present additional challenges, as their bulkier size—typically approximately 38 cm by 60 cm (15 by 24 inches) when folded, with regional variations—increases shipping volumes and weights, thereby raising transportation costs by up to 20-30% relative to compact formats in high-volume runs. The larger format also amplifies environmental impacts through greater paper waste generation; printed newspapers account for a substantial portion of municipal waste, with broadsheets exacerbating this due to higher per-copy material use, contributing to landfill methane emissions and deforestation pressures from pulp sourcing. Recycling efforts mitigate some effects, but the sheer volume of discarded broadsheets complicates collection and processing compared to smaller tabloids.^[46]^[47]^[48] On the revenue side, broadsheets benefit from larger advertising spaces that enable premium rates, often 15-20% higher than those for tabloids, owing to their association with upscale readership and extended visibility for ads. However, the decline in print advertising since the 1990s—dropping from a peak of over 10% annual growth in the 1980s to consistent contraction—has pressured this model, as advertisers shifted to digital platforms, reducing overall revenue despite the format's pricing advantages.^[49]^[50]^[51] Practical drawbacks further compound these issues, including difficulties in storage and recycling; broadsheets' expansive sheets are harder to stack and archive without specialized facilities, leading to higher warehousing needs, while their size hinders efficient bundling for curbside recycling programs compared to the more manageable tabloid format. These factors have prompted many publishers to consider format reductions to streamline operations and cut long-term costs.^[7]^[52]

Journalistic Role and Perceptions

Connotations and Style

The broadsheet format has long been associated with a perception of seriousness and objectivity in journalism, emphasizing in-depth reporting that prioritizes factual analysis over entertainment since the 19th century, in stark contrast to the sensationalism typical of tabloid publications.^[7]^[53] This connotation positions broadsheets as vehicles for substantive discourse on politics, economics, and global affairs, fostering a reputation for reliability and intellectual rigor.^[54] Stylistically, broadsheet journalism employs formal language, longer articles with extensive background and context—often exceeding 1,000 words—and a minimal reliance on visuals to maintain focus on textual depth, distinguishing it from the concise, image-heavy approach of other formats.^[55]^[54]^[56] The term "broadsheet journalism" itself has become synonymous with quality news, evoking standards of thorough investigation and balanced commentary.^[57] In cultural contexts, broadsheets serve as symbols of elite readership and intellectualism, frequently referenced in literature and media to signify refined tastes and engagement with complex ideas, such as the archetype of the educated professional poring over its pages.^[2]^[58] By the late 20th century, these associations evolved, with broadsheets increasingly critiqued as elitist—catering primarily to affluent, highly educated audiences—and somewhat outdated amid rising demands for accessible, compact formats that better suit modern lifestyles.^[2]^[59]

Influence on Content and Readership

The broadsheet format, with its larger page size, facilitates in-depth analytical reporting on complex topics such as politics and economics, allowing for extended articles that provide detailed analysis and context rather than brief summaries. This physical expanse enables newspapers to dedicate significant space to investigative series, as exemplified by The Washington Post's Watergate coverage in the 1970s, where the format supported multi-page exposés that unfolded over weeks. In contrast, the format's emphasis on substance limits room for sensational or celebrity-driven content, prioritizing balanced, sourced journalism over entertainment-oriented stories.^[60]^[61] Broadsheet readership has traditionally skewed toward older, higher-income demographics, often classified as ABC1 in the UK (encompassing professional and managerial occupations), reflecting an audience seeking substantive news. For instance, surveys indicate that a high proportion (typically over 80%) of readers for titles like The Guardian and The Times are from ABC1 backgrounds, with similar patterns in the US where broadsheets attracted educated, affluent subscribers. This profile stems from the format's association with "quality" journalism, appealing to those valuing comprehensive coverage over quick reads.^[62]^[63] Historically, broadsheet editorial voices have been male-dominated, contributing to slower incorporation of diverse perspectives and inclusive topics like gender or minority issues in mainstream coverage. Studies of 20th-century journalism highlight how the field evolved as a male preserve, with women comprising less than 20% of editorial roles in major US and UK papers until the late 20th century, often marginalizing non-traditional narratives. This structure influenced content by reinforcing a focus on elite political and economic discourse, with gradual shifts toward broader inclusivity only in recent decades.^[64]^[65]^[66] In the US, total newspaper circulation, dominated by broadsheets, peaked at approximately 63 million daily copies in the mid-1980s, a figure that underscored the format's role in shaping national public discourse through widespread access to analytical reporting on policy and events. This high circulation amplified broadsheets' influence on informed debate, particularly among professional audiences, before declines linked to competing media formats.^[67]

Transition and Modern Usage

Shift to Compact Formats

The shift to compact formats in newspapers, particularly from traditional broadsheet sizes to smaller tabloid or Berliner dimensions, emerged as a strategic response to economic pressures and evolving consumer preferences beginning in the late 20th century. Primary drivers included substantial cost savings, with the reduced page size leading to less paper consumption per issue, thereby lowering newsprint expenses amid rising global prices.^[68] Commuter convenience also played a significant role, as the more portable formats appealed to urban readers navigating public transportation, facilitating easier reading on the go. Furthermore, intensifying competition from digital media, which began eroding print audiences in the 1980s through early online news services and free competing publications, compelled newspapers to streamline operations to preserve profitability.^[69] This transition gained momentum in the 2000s, marking a widespread adoption among legacy publications seeking to adapt to declining advertising revenues and readership. Global print newspaper circulation declined significantly from approximately 550 million daily copies around 2000 to about 187 million by 2018, continuing to fall below 200 million by 2020, underscoring the scale of the format and medium shift driven by these factors.^[70] In the US, the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated this trend post-2018, accelerating the decline with print circulations falling by more than 25% for many titles by 2023 due to remote work patterns, supply chain disruptions, and a surge in digital news consumption.^[71] To bridge the gap between tradition and practicality, many outlets introduced "compact broadsheet" hybrids—tabloid-sized editions that preserved the in-depth, serious-toned content associated with broadsheets while embracing the efficiency of smaller formats.^[72] These adaptations not only sustained journalistic integrity but also yielded environmental benefits, including reduced paper usage that lowered the industry's carbon footprint and waste generation.^[73]

Regional Variations

In the United Kingdom, the transition from broadsheet to more compact formats was particularly pronounced in the early 2000s, driven by intense circulation competition among national dailies. The Times, a longstanding broadsheet, fully switched to a tabloid format in November 2004, following an experimental dual-format period, as a strategy to combat declining sales amid rivalry with popular tabloids like The Sun and Daily Mirror.^[74] Similarly, The Guardian adopted the Berliner format—a taller, narrower alternative to traditional broadsheet—in September 2005 to enhance readability and appeal to younger, urban readers during the same competitive pressures.^[75] By 2018, The Guardian further shifted to a full tabloid size for both its daily and Sunday Observer editions, citing cost efficiencies in printing and distribution as key factors in the ongoing format evolution.^[76] In the United States, the broadsheet-to-compact shift was more varied and often tied to economic pressures from falling advertising revenue, with many local and regional papers downsizing page sizes or adopting tabloid formats by the late 2000s and early 2010s to reduce newsprint and production costs. For instance, major dailies like the Chicago Tribune and Los Angeles Times experimented with compact sections or reduced widths around 2008–2010, reflecting broader industry efforts to cut expenses amid a 26% drop in newspaper ad revenue from 2008 to 2009.^[77] The Wall Street Journal, after trialing a tabloid format for its European and Asian editions in 2005, reverted to a full-color broadsheet in September 2015, allowing for 50% more content and aligning with reader preferences for a more authoritative presentation in business news.^[78] Across other regions, the adoption of compact formats has shown diverse patterns, with some markets resisting the full shift to preserve traditional broadsheet aesthetics. In Europe, publications like France's Le Monde have maintained a Berliner format—broader than tabloid but more compact than classic broadsheet—since a 2005 redesign, emphasizing in-depth analysis over size reductions even as print circulations declined globally.^[15] In Asia, India's Times of India introduced more compact layouts and sections in the early 2000s to improve portability and compete with emerging tabloid-style rivals, though it retained an overall broadsheet structure for its flagship editions.^[79] Australia experienced a near-complete transition by the 2010s, with major titles such as The Sydney Morning Herald and The Age switching to compact (tabloid) formats in March 2013 under Fairfax Media (now Nine Entertainment), primarily to lower printing costs and better suit commuter readership amid a 20% circulation drop for print dailies from 2010 to 2015. By the mid-2020s, global trends indicate that only a minority of major daily newspapers continue using full broadsheet formats, as economic and reader convenience factors have accelerated the compact shift worldwide.

Digital Era Adaptations

In the digital era, broadsheet newspapers have adapted their traditional emphasis on in-depth, authoritative journalism to online platforms, emulating the format's expansive layout through long-form articles and immersive multimedia experiences. Pioneering examples include The New York Times' 2012 interactive feature "Snow Fall," which combined scrolling narratives, videos, and graphics to mimic the broadsheet's vertical depth on web browsers, influencing subsequent digital storytelling formats across the industry. Responsive web design has further enabled broadsheets to optimize for large screens, such as desktop monitors and tablets, preserving the sense of scale and detail that characterized print editions by allowing users to view multi-column layouts and expansive infographics without truncation. Hybrid models have emerged as legacy broadsheet publishers transition to digital-first strategies, integrating print traditions with mobile apps and paywalls to sustain in-depth reporting. The Economist, for instance, launched its digital app in 2010, retaining the publication's analytical style in audio, video, and text formats accessible via subscriptions, which contributed to a surge in digital readership post-2010 amid declining print sales. This shift aligned with a broader subscription boom, where outlets like The Washington Post and Financial Times saw significant digital subscriber growth in the mid-2010s, with annual increases often exceeding 30-50% during peak years.^[80] Challenges in this adaptation include the erosion of the physical broadsheet's imposing size, which once conveyed gravitas and discouraged casual reading, now competing with fragmented social media feeds that prioritize brevity over depth. The rise of "broadsheet-quality" online news—characterized by fact-checked, nuanced coverage—has been positioned as a bulwark against misinformation, with initiatives like the Trusted News Initiative (launched in 2020 by major outlets including BBC and Reuters) emphasizing collaborative verification to maintain trust in digital formats. However, the proliferation of fake news has intensified scrutiny, prompting broadsheet-derived sites to invest in transparency tools like source linking and editorial algorithms to differentiate high-quality journalism. As of 2025, print broadsheets account for only 5-10% of total revenue for major publishers, with digital adaptations credited for financial stabilization; for example, The Guardian surpassed 1 million digital subscribers by mid-2025, reaching over 1.3 million recurring digital supporters by September 2025, largely through reader-funded models that echo its broadsheet heritage of independent, long-form analysis.^[81] Post-pandemic surges in online consumption, accelerated by COVID-19 lockdowns, have further entrenched these changes, boosting digital traffic by up to 40% for outlets like The New York Times in 2020-2021. Emerging technologies, such as AI-assisted content creation, are now aiding long-form production by automating research and fact-checking, as seen in tools developed by The Associated Press in 2023 to enhance efficiency without compromising editorial standards.

Notable Broadsheet Publications

In the United Kingdom and Europe

In the United Kingdom, The Times, founded in 1785 as the Daily Universal Register and renamed shortly thereafter, was a pioneering broadsheet that maintained its traditional large-format print for over two centuries before transitioning to a compact edition in 2004 to attract younger readers and improve accessibility for commuters.^[23]^[82] This shift occurred amid the "broadsheet wars" of the 2000s, a period of fierce competition among UK quality newspapers, including price cuts, design innovations, and format experiments by titles like The Times and The Independent, as publishers vied for declining print readership in a rapidly digitizing market.^[83] By 2025, The Times' print circulation had stabilized at approximately 300,000 copies daily, reflecting broader trends toward digital dominance while retaining a premium print presence for loyal subscribers.^[84] The Guardian, established in 1821 as the Manchester Guardian, emerged as a liberal-leaning broadsheet known for its investigative journalism and progressive editorials on social issues, before adopting a tabloid format in 2018 to reduce production costs and enhance portability without altering its editorial gravitas.^[85]^[86] This change aligned with the UK's evolving newspaper landscape, where broadsheets increasingly prioritized digital platforms; by 2025, The Guardian's print circulation had dwindled to under 100,000, but its global digital audience exceeded 1.3 million paying subscribers, underscoring a shift to online models for broader reach.^[87] The Daily Telegraph, meanwhile, has preserved its full broadsheet print format into 2025, though with low-volume production around 174,000 copies as of mid-2025, positioning print as a premium offering while emphasizing digital subscriptions for its conservative readership.^[88] Across Europe, broadsheet traditions have adapted to diverse linguistic and cultural contexts, with publications often incorporating multilingual elements to serve bilingual or regional audiences in countries like Switzerland and Belgium, where newspapers navigate multiple official languages through parallel editions or translated content to maintain national cohesion.^[89] In France, Le Monde, launched in 1944 under the post-World War II provisional government, operates in a Berliner format—a hybrid between broadsheet and tabloid—since adopting it in the late 1980s for better handling and visual appeal, while upholding its role as a center-left newspaper of record.^[90]^[15] As of 2024, Le Monde had around 675,000 combined print and digital subscribers, with over 575,000 digital subscribers, and aimed to reach 1 million by the end of 2025 amid a premium print strategy focused on in-depth analysis.^[91]^[92] Germany's Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (FAZ), founded in 1949 as a conservative daily in the postwar era, remains one of Europe's last full broadsheets, emphasizing rigorous economic and political reporting in its traditional large format to convey authority and depth. Its circulation in 2025 hovered around 190,000 print copies, supplemented by robust digital access, reflecting a commitment to quality journalism in a multilingual European market where the FAZ also offers international editions.^[93] In Spain, El País, established in 1976 during the transition to democracy, began in a compact-like format and underwent further redesigns in the 2000s and 2010s to optimize for modern printing and reader preferences, evolving into a leading left-center broadsheet with global influence.^[94] By 2025, its print run had contracted to about 52,000, but digital subscribers exceeded 400,000, highlighting Europe's overall pivot to hybrid models where print serves as a high-end complement to expansive online offerings.^[95]

In the United States and Elsewhere

In the United States, broadsheet newspapers have historically prioritized expansive layouts to accommodate detailed analysis and investigative reporting, distinguishing them from more sensational tabloid formats. The New York Times, established in 1851, exemplifies this tradition as a leading broadsheet daily, focusing on rigorous journalism across politics, culture, and global events. While the paper tested a narrower print width in 2007 to reduce production costs—effectively a compact trial—it retained its core broadsheet dimensions of approximately 12 by 22 inches and has preserved this aesthetic in its online edition through wide-column designs and multi-section navigation.^[96] The Times' emphasis on investigative work, including exposés on government secrecy and corporate malfeasance, has earned it over 130 Pulitzer Prizes, underscoring the format's role in fostering accountability. Similarly, The Wall Street Journal, launched in 1889, adheres to the broadsheet format for its U.S. edition, with a focus on business, finance, and economic policy. After a brief shift to a more compact layout in some international editions during the early 2000s, the paper reverted to full broadsheet by 2015, aligning global versions with its American counterpart to enhance readability for complex financial content.^[97] This format supports in-depth features like market analyses and corporate profiles, contributing to its status as a key resource for investors. As of 2025, U.S. weekday print circulation has declined by more than 60% since 2010, dropping from around 40 million to an estimated 13 million, driven by digital shifts.^[98] Outside the U.S., broadsheets adapt to regional contexts, often blending print traditions with digital innovations while navigating political and cultural influences. In India, The Hindu, founded in 1878 as a weekly and converted to daily publication in 1889, operates as a broadsheet centered on South Indian regional news, national politics, and editorials promoting social reform.^[99] Its expansive pages facilitate thorough coverage of local issues, such as Tamil Nadu governance and environmental concerns, maintaining a reputation for independence amid India's diverse media landscape. In Japan, Asahi Shimbun, established in 1879, stands as one of the world's largest broadsheets by circulation, exceeding 6 million combined print and digital subscribers as of the early 2020s, with ongoing hybrid models sustaining readership through apps and online archives.^[100] The paper's broad format enables detailed reporting on domestic policy, international relations, and cultural topics, though it has faced scrutiny over editorial balance. In Latin America, Folha de S.Paulo, started in 1921, functions as a prominent Brazilian broadsheet, emphasizing urban São Paulo perspectives on politics, economy, and society. During the 2000s, it incorporated more compact design elements in sections to improve portability and align with reader preferences for quicker consumption, while preserving its overall broadsheet structure for in-depth investigations. In Asia, state-influenced broadsheets like China's People's Daily, initiated in 1948 as the official organ of the Chinese Communist Party, use the format to disseminate policy directives and ideological narratives, with a daily print run supporting nationwide distribution and digital extensions.^[101] Globally, these notable publications have sustained operations into 2025 through digital paywalls, such as metered access models that convert 10-20% of free users to subscribers, offsetting print losses.^[102]

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Broadsheet, 597 × 749 mm, 23.5 × 29.5 in ; US Broadsheet, 381 × 578 mm, 15 × 22.8 in ; British Broadsheet, 375 × 597 mm, 14.8 × 23.5 in ; South African Broadsheet ...New York Times 305 × 559 mm · Broadsheet 597 × 749 mm · Tabloid 280 × 430 mm
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Broadsheet Size · UK: 375 x 597 mm (14.8" x 23.5") · US: 381 x 578 mm (15" x 22.75") · South African: 410 x 578 mm (16.1" x 22.75") · New York Times: 305 x 559 mm ( ...
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Newsprint is an off-white, uncoated paper made from mechanical, chemical, and deinked wood-pulp fibers, with a grammage of 40 to 65 GSM.
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Feb 13, 2020 · Broadsheet paper is typically 29.5 by 23.5 inches in North America, but can vary. In Australia and New Zealand, it's 33.1 by 23.5 inches.<|control11|><|separator|>
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[PDF] Industrial Origami - American Scientist
Other readers fold the paper back on itself, a process that encroaches on neighbors only as long as the paper is opened full width to turn the page. Readers in ...Missing: mechanisms | Show results with:mechanisms
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Newspaper Size Formats in Inches, mm, Dimension & Cms
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The tabloid halved the size of the newspaper page, which allowed easier handling by the reader, but it also suited the new, curtailed size of articles and ...
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The Berliner format | Guardian Print Centre
May 12, 2009 · The Berliner format is mid-way between a tabloid and a broadsheet, with a page dimension of 470mm x 315mm, and is sold folded.
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Le Monde lightens up - The Guardian
Nov 8, 2005 · Le Monde, which switched to Berliner format (the size adopted by the Guardian in September) in 1989, is the second national French newspaper ...
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Aug 15, 2018 · The Berliner format is slightly larger than a tabloid, but it is only three columns across. A broadsheet usually has six columns and a tabloid ...
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EAA: Broadsides Category Information - Duke University Libraries
A broadside, also called a "broadsheet," is "a sheet of paper printed on one side only, forming one large page." (Oxford English Dictionary).
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Special collections: Broadside Ballads | Bodleian Libraries
The English Broadside Ballad Archive based in the Early-Modern Center at the University of California, Santa Barbara specialises in ballads of the 17th century ...Broadside Ballads Now... · About The Collection · Digital Facsimiles Of...
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Sep 23, 2025 · Digitization of the largest single collection of seventeenth and eighteenth century English news media available from the British Library.
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Encyclopedia of Journalism - Broadsheet Newspapers
The broadsheet form developed largely out of technical necessity. In the 1600s and 1700s, newspapers continued to be printed on wooden presses requiring pages ...<|control11|><|separator|>
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Early American Newspapering - Colonial Williamsburg
Most colonial newspapers were weeklies, had four pages, and printed most of their advertisements in back. With little space, printers kept many stories brief, ...
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Printing - Koenigs Press, 19th Century, Mechanical | Britannica
Oct 17, 2025 · In 1814 the first stop-cylinder press of this kind to be driven by a steam engine was put into service at the Times of London. It had two ...
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Stronger, Faster, Better - Oregon State University Special Collections
By 1814, Koenig's press was being used to produce the widely circulated London Times, making 1,100, impressions per hour and by 1818, after additional ...
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New York Tribune - Papers Of Abraham Lincoln
Horace Greeley published the first issue of the daily New York Tribune, the first daily Whig newspaper in New York City, on April 10, 1841.Missing: broadsheet | Show results with:broadsheet
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Pravda | History, Content, & Facts | Britannica
Pravda, newspaper that was the official organ of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1918 to 1991. It was sold to a Greek investor in 1992.Missing: broadsheet Wars
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Regional Press - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
The daily newspaper press in Austria restarted business after World War II and launched 35 titles until 1955, the year the Republic reached full sovereignty.
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the world's most-read daily newspaper, the Yomiuri Shinbun
Jan 27, 2025 · Founded in 1874, it's considered the best-selling newspaper in the world, with a circulation of over 7 million copies.
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History ISO 216 standard. A, B and C paper sizes.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Dr. Walter Porstmann changed Lichtenberg's idea into a good system of different paper sizes. In 1922 Porstmann ...
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New York Times Sets Records In Linage, Circulation and Profit
Advertising revenue for 1967 was $144,100,349, up $15,424,264 from the 1966 level. Linage rose by 1,978,798 lines to a record 83,114,678.Missing: peak 1950s 1960s 1970s<|separator|>
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The Hindu | South Asian, National, English-language - Britannica
Established in 1878 as a weekly, The Hindu became a daily in 1889. While India was under British rule, the paper spoke out for independence—but in a moderate.Missing: broadsheet | Show results with:broadsheet
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Australia's oldest metro newspaper The SMH turns 185 - Mediaweek
Apr 24, 2016 · On 18 April 1831 ... The paper spent 181 years printing as a broadsheet before it adopted its current compact form in March 2013.
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It was clear that free speech and a nonofficial press were not to be tolerated in the colonies. Boston was also the site of the first official newspaper ...
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Web Offset Lithography - PrintWiki
Unlike sheetfed offset lithography, web offset lithography prints at high speeds on large rolls—or webs—of paper, often on both sides of the paper ...Missing: broadsheet | Show results with:broadsheet
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This article is a brief guide to newsprint, the essential component of quality commercial printing on a high-speed offset press.
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Apr 21, 2022 · Frederick Koenig and Andreas Bauer, German immigrants in England, patented a machine that obtained an impression not by pressing but by rolling ...
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Folding - PrintWiki
A metal knife presses down at a right angle to the sheet and forces it down between the rollers, which creates the fold. Additional folding units—of a similar ...
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Mar 28, 2018 · Paper curl is caused by an excess amount of moisture in the paper. The first step to ensure less paper curl is to store your paper in a cool, dry area.
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10 Print defects affecting newspaper reading experience
Show-through: The thinness of both the ink and paper leads to ink bleed-through, affecting the content by making it visible from the other side. This annoyance ...
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Nov 21, 1974 · Produced mainly in Canada, it now costs about $235 a ton, which reflects a steady increase in prices since 1965 wh'en it sold for $134 a ton.Missing: broadsheet ink fluctuations
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[48]
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Nov 4, 2010 · This is significant because sending paper to landfill not only produces the greenhouse gas methane but also increases the amount of virgin stock ...<|control11|><|separator|>
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The environmental impact associated with reading an on-line and a printed newspaper is analyzed and compared with respective parts of a television (TV) ...
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Much of the story can be told in 4 simple charts: Newspaper revenues are dropping steadily as spending on advertising has dispersed online.Missing: broadsheet premium 1990s
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Apr 11, 2012 · As its tabloid strategy gathered pace it rather high-handedly told advertisers that it would charge the same for a tabloid as for a broadsheet ...
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4.9 117 Tabloid newspapers cost 1.1 € HT/copy (131 € TTC) and broadsheet newspapers cost 1.58 € HT/copy (189 € TTC).
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Stories tend to be shorter. Quality Press, News, analysis and opinion; celebrity coverage is minimal. Stories are often longer, with more background detail ...
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Tabloids are smaller and more compact, while broadsheets are much larger and may have slightly smaller fonts.
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1. The largest newspaper page format, with long tall pages. · 2. In the UK, all of the quality press were once broadsheets, and both terms are used to refer to ...
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As can be seen, reading broadsheets, taken as representing highbrow cultural taste, is generally more frequent among individuals in higher-ranking than in lower ...
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[PDF] From Broadsheet to Tabloid: Content changes in Swedish ...
journalism: Thus, the broadsheet is perceived to demand a certain kind of journalism, while the tabloid format is believed to demand another kind of journalism.
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[PDF] The Guardian - The Cedars Academy
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For example as shown in Figure 1 The Guardian has a high proportion of middle-aged ABC1 (high income/third level education) readers while the tabloid The Sun ...
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12 September 2005 saw the launch of the Guardian's ground-breaking new Berliner mid-size format. The Guardian becomes the UK's first full-colour national ...<|separator|>
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Jun 13, 2017 · The Guardian and The Observer print titles will move to tabloid formats in early 2018 as part of three-year transformation programme announced last year.
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Mar 15, 2010 · Newspapers, including online, saw ad revenue fall 26% during the year, which brings the total loss over the last three years to 43%.
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The Sydney Morning Herald - Wikipedia
The Sydney Herald was founded in 1831 by three employees of the now-defunct Sydney Gazette: Ward Stephens, Frederick Stokes, and · Donald Murray · John Fairfax & ...History · Editorial stance · List of journalists · Content
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Newspapers Fact Sheet - Pew Research Center
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Type, Daily newspaper ; Format, Broadsheet (1821–2005) Berliner (2005–2018) Compact (since 2018) ; Owner, Guardian Media Group ; Founder, John Edward Taylor.The Guardian (disambiguation) · The Guardian Weekly · Guardian Media Group
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History of The Guardian: Founded As Left-Wing Newspaper. The Guardian was founded in 1821 to promote liberal interests during a turbulent time characterized ...
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The Daily Telegraph - Wikipedia
The Daily Telegraph, known online and elsewhere as The Telegraph, is a British daily broadsheet conservative newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media ...
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Oct 28, 2025 · The newspaper was established in 1944—as soon as the German army had quit Paris but while World War II continued—on orders of the new government ...Missing: date broadsheet Berliner hybrid
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Le Monde turns 80: A decade of novelty and innovation
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Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung - Wikipedia
The Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung is a German newspaper founded in 1949. It is published daily in Frankfurt and is considered a newspaper of record for ...
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The Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung maintained a conservative appearance until 2007, with Fraktur headlines and no coloured pictures on its front page. It has ...
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All Newspaper Series Paper Sizes →. Berliner 315 × 470 mm Broadsheet 597 × 749 mm US Broadsheet 381 × 578 mm British Broadsheet 375 × 597 mm South African ...
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Jun 11, 2015 · The Wall Street Journal is to relaunch its European and Asian editions with a new look that will see a return to the full-colour broadsheet format.
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Newspaper paywalls slowly increasing, but online news is still ...
More than two-thirds of leading newspapers (69%) across the EU and US are operating some kind of online paywall, a trend that has increased since 2017.<|control11|><|separator|>