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Drop shot

A drop shot is a tactical stroke employed in various racket sports, including tennis, badminton, squash, table tennis, and pickleball, in which the ball or shuttlecock is struck softly—often with backspin or underspin—to land just over the net or near the front wall, resulting in minimal bounce and challenging the opponent to retrieve it effectively. This shot prioritizes deception and precision over power, exploiting the opponent's positioning by drawing them toward the front of the court while creating opportunities for follow-up attacks.^[1] In tennis, the drop shot is typically executed as a slice with heavy backspin, causing the ball to skid low after clearing the net and landing close to it, ideally when the opponent is positioned deep in the court.^[2] Players like Carlos Alcaraz have popularized its aggressive use on slower surfaces like clay, where it counters baseline rallies by forcing hurried returns.^[3] The technique involves a compact swing, racket contact below the ball's equator, and a follow-through that emphasizes loft over speed to ensure the shot dies quickly upon landing.^[4] In badminton, the drop shot is an overhead forehand or backhand stroke that propels the shuttlecock just over the net into the opponent's front court, often disguised as a clear or smash to catch them off guard.^[5] It is particularly effective in singles to apply pressure and disrupt rhythm, with variations like the fast drop maintaining height before a steep descent or the tumbling net drop rolling off the tape.^[6] Execution requires relaxed wrist action and precise timing, hitting the shuttle at its highest point to control its arc and speed.^[7] In squash, the drop shot targets the front wall just above the tin, using a soft, controlled stroke to make the ball hug the wall and drop sharply with little rebound, often from mid- or back-court positions.^[8] This attacking shot demands finesse in wrist and racket angle to impart underspin, minimizing forward drive and forcing the opponent into a low, awkward retrieval.^[9] It is a key element in varying pace during rallies, preventing predictable play and opening up the court for subsequent boasts or drives.^[10] Across these sports, the drop shot's success hinges on disguise—mimicking a harder stroke until the last moment—and footwork to approach the net swiftly afterward, though overuse can invite aggressive counterattacks if the opponent anticipates it.^[1] Notable players, such as Rafael Nadal in tennis^[3] and Lee Chong Wei in badminton,^[11] have elevated the drop shot into a strategic cornerstone, blending it with baseline dominance for versatile gameplay.

Overview

Definition and Characteristics

A drop shot is a delicately struck shot in various racket sports, including tennis, badminton, squash, table tennis, and pickleball, where the player imparts a soft touch to the ball or shuttlecock, causing it to travel just over the net or front wall and land close to the opponent's side with minimal subsequent bounce. This shot is typically executed with backspin or underspin, which helps to reduce the ball's forward momentum and promote a low, controlled trajectory. In ball-based sports like tennis and squash, the drop shot targets a landing point near the net or front wall, while in badminton it involves gently guiding the shuttlecock to drop short in the opponent's front court, in table tennis it is a soft touch landing just over the net on the opponent's side of the table, and in pickleball it arcs softly into the non-volley zone.^[12]^[7]^[13]^[14] Key characteristics of the drop shot include its short length, which limits the distance the projectile travels after clearing the net or wall; a deceptive reduction in speed compared to more powerful strokes, often catching opponents off guard; and a low, flat trajectory that minimizes air time. The controlled spin—primarily backspin—serves to deaden the bounce upon landing, making retrieval difficult, especially if the opponent is positioned deeper in the court. These properties make the drop shot versatile across sports involving balls (tennis, squash, pickleball, table tennis) or shuttlecocks (badminton), though adaptations vary slightly by equipment and court dimensions.^[2]^[12] From a physics perspective, the drop shot's effectiveness relies on air resistance, which slows the projectile's velocity, and spin-induced forces via the Magnus effect, where backspin generates an upward lift that counters gravity, enabling a flatter path and reduced bounce upon impact. The angle of contact between the racket and the ball or shuttlecock is critical, as an open racket face at impact imparts the necessary underspin while maintaining softness to avoid excessive power. This combination results in the characteristic "drop" behavior, where the projectile loses height rapidly after the initial clearance.^[15]^[16] The drop shot is distinct from other soft shots in racket sports; unlike a lob, which employs a high arc to land deep in the opponent's territory and force a defensive retrieval, the drop shot prioritizes a low, forward placement near the net or wall to exploit proximity. Similarly, while a slice may incorporate side or backspin for lateral deflection or skidding, the drop shot specifically emphasizes forward drop and bounce control over directional curve.^[12]^[2]

Purpose and Tactical Advantages

The drop shot serves primarily to force the opponent to move forward rapidly from a defensive or baseline position, disrupting established rally patterns and creating opportunities for net play or follow-up attacks. By landing just over the net with minimal bounce, it exploits the opponent's recovery time, often catching them off-balance and increasing the likelihood of errors during retrieval. This tactical shift from power-based exchanges to finesse play is particularly effective in exploiting deep-court positioning, as the short distance requires explosive forward movement that fatigues opponents over time.^[17]^[18] Key tactical advantages include psychological deception, where the shot mimics the preparation for a harder groundstroke or drive, leading opponents to anticipate depth and overcommit backward. This element of surprise enhances its energy efficiency for the player, requiring less physical exertion than baseline power shots while maintaining offensive pressure. In professional tennis, as of 2023, drop shots achieved a win rate of approximately 53.8% overall, with top players like Carlos Alcaraz reaching 62.1% success (updated to around 60% as of May 2025), particularly when opponents are positioned more than 10 meters behind the baseline, where retrieval becomes challenging. Similar benefits apply in pickleball, where the third-shot drop allows serving teams to transition to the non-volley zone, slowing the game's pace and neutralizing aggressive returns. In badminton, straight drop shots force maximal court coverage, preventing opponents from advancing to the net for attacking replies.^[19]^[18]^[20]^[3] However, the drop shot carries risks, including a 19% unforced error rate in professional play if mistimed or poorly disguised, potentially gifting points to alert opponents. Effective counters involve anticipation through forward positioning or responding with lobs to push the hitter back, thereby neutralizing the disruption.^[19]^[17] In modern play, the drop shot has evolved from a niche finesse tool to an essential tactic, driven by advancements in racket technology and string tension that enable powerful baseline rallies, necessitating variety to break defensive consistency. Its usage has increased on faster hard courts and in pickleball's rising professional circuits, where baseline dominance demands such counters to maintain balance; in 2025, drop shots comprised 1.9% of shots on the ATP Tour (up from 1.5% in 2021), particularly on clay at 2.3%. On slower clay surfaces, the shot's backspin further amplifies its deadening effect post-bounce, making it a staple for all-court strategists.^[18]^[17]^[3]

Technique

Preparation and Setup

In racket sports like tennis, badminton, squash, and table tennis, effective preparation for a drop shot begins with adopting a balanced, semi-open stance that allows for quick adjustments and maintains stability. This involves positioning the feet shoulder-width apart, with the front foot pointing toward the target area (the net in tennis, badminton, table tennis, and pickleball; the front wall in squash) and the back foot slightly angled for support, while distributing weight primarily on the toes to enable explosive footwork and rapid directional changes. Early footwork is crucial to reach an optimal hitting position—inside or near the baseline in net sports, or mid- to back-court in squash—disguising the shot as a standard drive, clear, or boast to prevent the opponent from anticipating the soft placement.^[21]^[22]^[23]^[14] Grip adjustments form the foundation for control and spin (or touch) in drop shots across these sports, typically starting from a continental or eastern base grip to facilitate a slicing motion. In tennis, squash, and table tennis, the continental grip—where the base knuckle of the index finger rests on the bevel opposite the thumb—is preferred for its versatility in imparting backspin and underspin, with a slight relaxation in tension to enhance touch. Badminton and pickleball players often use a relaxed forehand grip for similar loft and deception, adjusting minimally for wrist flexibility without altering the fundamental hold. The racquet or paddle face is angled open at approximately 45-60 degrees relative to the ball, shuttlecock, or path to generate the necessary loft while keeping the shot low over the net or toward the target.^[4]^[21]^[24]^[22]^[25] Body positioning emphasizes an athletic posture with knees bent to lower the center of gravity, promoting balance and power transfer from the legs rather than the arm. The non-dominant hand plays a key role in maintaining equilibrium, often positioned out for counterbalance or briefly aiding the racquet preparation before release, while eyes remain fixed on the incoming ball, shuttlecock, or ball for precise timing. Ideal execution occurs when the opponent is positioned deep in their court, exploiting their distance to make retrieval difficult. In squash, this means the opponent is at the back of the court; in table tennis, far from the table edge.^[21]^[22]^[24]^[23] For squash specifically, preparation involves a compact stance facing the front wall, with the racket held loosely to allow a wrist-dominant motion for control. In table tennis, the stance is closer to the table, with a slight forward lean and relaxed shoulders to execute a soft touch off incoming lobs or drives.^[26]^[27] Mentally, preparation involves reading the opponent's positioning and court depth to select drop shots opportunistically, combined with feinting motions that mimic a fuller stroke, such as a drive, smash, boast, or loop, to conceal intent until the last moment. This psychological element heightens the shot's surprise value, forcing reactive errors, and requires disciplined focus to avoid overuse, preserving its tactical edge.^[17]^[28]^[22]

Execution and Variations

The execution of a drop shot involves a short, abbreviated swing that emphasizes precision and control over power. The player employs a quick backswing with a quarter turn of the shoulders, keeping the racket slightly higher than the incoming ball's or shuttlecock's level, followed by a forward motion where the racket face is opened to impart backspin or touch. Contact occurs slightly in front of the body at a low- to mid-height, typically around the height of the net or equivalent target (e.g., front wall tin in squash), with a subtle wrist snap to generate the necessary touch and spin while minimizing forward momentum. This technique builds on a balanced setup stance, allowing for rapid adjustment to the ball's or shuttlecock's trajectory. In squash, the stroke is a soft, controlled hit to the front wall just above the tin (48 cm high), using wrist action to make the ball hug the wall with minimal rebound. In table tennis, execution is a gentle touch or push, often with a slight sideswipe to direct the ball just over the net (15.25 cm high) onto the opponent's side near the edge.^[29]^[8]^[27] Spin variations are integral to the drop shot's effectiveness in ball-based sports like tennis, squash, table tennis, and pickleball, altering the ball's trajectory and post-bounce behavior. Backspin, or underspin, achieved by brushing downward and across the ball with an open racket face, causes the ball to float over the net and produce a low, skidding bounce upon landing, often stopping or rolling backward due to friction. Topspin drop shots, executed with a slight low-to-high brushing motion, result in a forward skid after the bounce, driving the ball ahead despite the soft initial pace. Sidespin introduces a curving trajectory in flight and an angled deflection off the court, created by a lateral racket path through contact, adding unpredictability to the shot's path. This spin interacts with surface friction during rebound, significantly reducing the ball's vertical bounce height compared to non-spinning shots by increasing energy dissipation. In badminton, variations rely on angle and speed rather than spin, with the shuttlecock propelled softly overhead to drop just over the net; no bounce occurs, but disguise maintains deception.^[29]^[30]^[31]^[5] The follow-through remains minimal and abbreviated, with the racket finishing slightly in front of the body and the face still open, preserving the shot's disguise and allowing quick recovery to an optimal net or court position. This restrained motion prevents telegraphing the intent and facilitates balance for subsequent play.^[29] Common variations enhance the drop shot's tactical versatility. The disguised drop mimics the preparation of a standard drive, groundstroke, clear, or boast, only altering the racket angle and swing speed at the last moment to catch opponents off guard. The spinning drop incorporates additional rotation—often a combination of backspin and sidespin—for heightened unpredictability in ball sports, causing erratic bounces that challenge retrieval; in shuttlecock sports, variations include fast or tumbling drops for steep descent.^[32]^[33]^[6]

In Tennis

History and Evolution

The drop shot emerged in the late 19th century alongside the development of lawn tennis in England, where the game's origins on grass courts favored finesse-oriented strokes to exploit the low, skidding bounces typical of the surface. Early players utilized soft, controlled shots to draw opponents forward, though the stroke was rudimentary and not yet a staple in competitive play. By the early 20th century, as tennis transitioned from amateur pastime to structured tournaments, the drop shot began to gain tactical recognition for its ability to disrupt baseline rallies on slower surfaces like grass and clay.^[34] The shot was popularized in the 1920s and 1930s by all-court masters such as Bill Tilden, who perfected its execution and integrated it into strategic play, often combining it with spin to make it nearly unretrievable on grass. Tilden, a dominant force who won seven U.S. National Championships, elevated the drop shot from a novelty to a weapon in major competitions, emphasizing precision over power in an era before widespread hard courts. However, its prominence waned during the 1970s power era, as baseline grinders like Bjorn Borg and Jimmy Connors prioritized heavy topspin groundstrokes, rendering finesse shots like the drop less viable against deeper positioning and faster play on emerging hard surfaces.^[35]^[36]^[37] The drop shot experienced a resurgence in the 2000s, driven by players like Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal, who adapted it effectively to hard courts through enhanced spin control enabled by polyester strings introduced in the 1990s. These strings allowed for greater backspin or underspin on drop shots, causing the ball to clear the net with a controlled trajectory before skidding low and dying quickly upon landing, thus countering the era's baseline dominance. Federer's versions became iconic, particularly in his 2009 French Open triumph on clay, while Nadal used it to vary pace against deep returners.^[3]^[36] In the 2020s, usage has further increased due to slower, heavier balls and court conditions that prolong rallies, making the drop shot a vital tool for disrupting opponents positioned deep behind the baseline. ATP Tour data shows drop shots rising from 1.5% of all shots in 2021 to 1.9% in 2025, representing approximately a 27% uptick, with higher frequency on clay (2.3%) compared to hard courts (1.4%) and grass (1.8%). This evolution underscores the shot's adaptability across surfaces, where it remains most effective on slower ones that limit aggressive retrieval.^[3]^[3]

Strategies and Notable Uses

In professional tennis, drop shots serve multiple strategic roles, particularly in defensive transitions where players aim to disrupt an opponent's baseline rhythm by forcing them forward after deep exchanges. They are especially effective against aggressive baseliners, as the shot's subtlety counters power play by shortening the point and exploiting recovery time. In doubles, drop shots can neutralize poaching attempts at the net by drawing the opposing team inward, creating openings for lobs or passing shots, while they prove particularly advantageous against tall players like John Isner, whose height and slower lateral movement make retrieving low, short balls challenging.^[38]^[39]^[40] Optimal placement targets the opponent's weaker side or the sideline to maximize error potential, with timing critical when the opponent is positioned deep in the court, ideally beyond the baseline, to reduce their ability to charge forward. Executed from mid-court or inside the baseline, drop shots achieve higher efficacy; for instance, ATP players average a 51.5% point win rate on forehand drop shots overall, but Carlos Alcaraz elevates this to 67.7% by hitting 2.83 forehand drops per match, often after pushing opponents 14.5 meters back with preceding groundstrokes. In WTA matches, drop shot usage has risen to 1.9% of total shots in 2025, with players like Aryna Sabalenka achieving notable success through increased frequency (up to 4.1% in key tournaments), though tour-wide win rates hover around 53.8% when disguise and spin are applied effectively in professional rallies.^[38]^[18]^[3] Notable uses highlight the drop shot's artistry and impact in high-stakes matches. Roger Federer masterfully disguised drop shots during his dominant Wimbledon runs in the 2000s, employing them in finals like the 2004 epic against Andy Roddick to vary pace and wrong-foot opponents, often incorporating backspin for unpredictable bounces that video analyses reveal as key to his 11 Wimbledon titles. More recently, Carlos Alcaraz showcased drop shot winners in his 2024 US Open second-round match against Botic van de Zandschulp, using forehand slices with heavy underspin to land the ball mere feet from the net, winning points outright despite the upset loss; such shots, per match footage, demonstrate how spin reduces forward momentum post-bounce, enhancing control on hard courts.^[3]^[41]^[42] To build consistency, players employ targeted drills emphasizing disguise and precision. Shadow swings, where one mimics the full groundstroke motion without a ball to perfect the abbreviated follow-through and wrist flick, help ingrain the subtle racket drop for backspin while maintaining a neutral body language to fool opponents. Additional exercises include aiming drop shots at specific court markers (e.g., a trash can proxy for the service line) from mid-court to hone touch, progressing to live rallies where the shot follows deep baseline exchanges, fostering the calm execution needed for match play.^[43]^[44]

In Pickleball

Role in Gameplay

In pickleball, the drop shot plays a pivotal role in facilitating transitions to the non-volley zone (NVZ), also known as the kitchen, by serving as a soft, arcing shot hit off the bounce from deeper court positions to land in the opponents' NVZ, ideally near the net. This maneuver neutralizes aggressive serves and returns, allowing the hitting team to advance without exposing themselves to immediate counterattacks. The shot's importance stems from pickleball's unique rules, particularly the two-bounce rule—requiring the serve and return to bounce—and the NVZ restriction, which prohibits volleys within seven feet of the net; these elements make the drop shot essential for the serving team's third shot to establish offensive positioning.^[45]^[46] During various game phases, drop shots are commonly integrated into dinking rallies, where players exchange soft shots near the net to maintain control and force errors, as well as to counter power serves by reducing ball speed and height. Unlike in tennis, where the net stands at 36 inches in the center and courts measure 27 feet wide by 78 feet long for singles, pickleball's lower net height of 34 inches at the center and compact 20-foot-by-44-foot court encourage more frequent drop shots, promoting closer-range, finesse-based play over baseline power exchanges. In amateur matches, drop shots often feature prominently, with coaches recommending their use in the majority of third-shot opportunities to prioritize net arrival over risky drives.^[47]^[48]^[49] In doubles, the predominant format of pickleball, the drop shot emphasizes teamwork, with one player executing the shot to arc the ball into the kitchen while the partner advances to cover the net and prepare for subsequent volleys or dinks. This coordination helps neutralize the returning team's net advantage post-serve. In singles play, drop shots serve to disrupt opponents' baseline rhythms, forcing them to move forward unexpectedly and creating openings for follow-up attacks. Overall, the NVZ rule underscores the drop shot's criticality, as it enables teams to shift from defensive returns to proactive kitchen control without violating volley prohibitions.^[50]^[51]^[46]

Third-Shot Drop Specifics

In pickleball, the third-shot drop serves as the serving team's strategic response to the opponent's return, which is the second shot of the rally, and is executed from the baseline to neutralize the opponents' positional advantage at the net. This shot arcs softly into the non-volley zone (kitchen), landing near the front to force a high return and enable the serving team to advance to the kitchen line for dinking exchanges.^[52]^[53] Execution of the third-shot drop emphasizes a high, loopy trajectory that peaks before crossing the net and clears it by 1-3 feet to ensure safe passage while minimizing bounce upon landing. Players impart a light backspin, typically around 10 radians per second, to create a "dead drop" effect that keeps the ball low and controlled after the bounce, reducing the risk of an aggressive opponent volley. At contact, the paddle face is held slightly open and tilted upward, with a low-to-high swing path initiated from the shoulder using a continental grip for precision and a soft touch to avoid overhitting.^[54]^[55] Success hinges on precise timing, particularly executing the drop immediately after the opponent's return lands deep in the serving team's court, allowing for a split-step preparation and forward movement post-shot. In professional play, such as PPA Tour events, consistent practice yields success rates exceeding 93% across thousands of shots in high-stakes matches, with combined team error rates below 2.5 faults per game. For instance, pro player Anna Leigh Waters achieved a 98% in-play rate (49 out of 50 third shots) in women's doubles finals, while Christian Alshon recorded 100% (53 out of 53) in men's doubles, demonstrating how refined technique transforms this shot into a reliable tool for controlling rallies.^[53] Variations include the straight drop, aimed down the line with launch angles of 15.5°-22.5° and speeds of 10.9-13 m/s for direct pressure, versus the angled cross-court drop, which uses shallower angles (12.5°-18°) and higher speeds (13.3-16 m/s) to surprise opponents and open the court. Backspin remains consistent across both, though its aerodynamic impact is secondary to initial speed and angle in achieving the desired landing depth in the kitchen.^[55]

In Badminton

Types and Execution

In badminton, drop shots are categorized into several types based on the stroke mechanics and shuttle handling, each designed to land the shuttle just over the net into the opponent's front court. The forehand drop involves a straight arm flick, where the player extends the arm fully overhead while maintaining a relaxed grip to gently propel the shuttle forward with minimal power.^[56] The backhand drop relies on wrist rotation, with the player snapping the wrist at contact to generate finesse and control, often executed from a compact arm position to mimic a clear or smash for deception.^[57] The spinning drop, also known as a slice drop, incorporates rotational spin through clockwise or anticlockwise wrist movement, causing the shuttle to tumble erratically upon descent for added unpredictability.^[56] Execution of these drop shots emphasizes precise shuttle-specific handling due to the shuttlecock's lightweight construction (approximately 5 grams), which demands a gentler touch compared to ball sports to avoid over-hitting and ensure controlled deceleration.^[58] Players use light wrist action—often a subtle snap or slice—for most types, holding the racquet face at a slight loft (typically 20-30 degrees upward) to impart forward momentum while minimizing lift.^[56] Contact occurs above waist height, ideally at the shuttle's highest point slightly ahead of the body, allowing for optimal angle control and net clearance of 1-2 meters to land just inside the service line.^[57]^[11] The mechanics of the shuttle's flight in a drop shot adapt to its reduced mass and high drag coefficient (around 0.65), leading to quicker deceleration than in denser projectiles; this can be approximated by the velocity decay equation v_{\text{final}} = v_{\text{initial}} \cdot e^{-kt}, where k incorporates the drag coefficient and air density effects, emphasizing the need for precise initial velocity to achieve the desired short trajectory.^[58] Optimal court positioning for executing drop shots is from the mid-court or rear when the opponent is positioned deep in their rear court, allowing the player to exploit the angle and force a low, lunging return.^[59]^[60]

Tactical Applications

In badminton's fast-paced rallies, drop shots serve as a key tool for disrupting opponents' rear-court lifts by landing the shuttle just beyond the net, compelling them to reach awkwardly and limiting their ability to execute full-length defensive clears.^[6] This tactic forces lunges toward the frontcourt, particularly with fast drop shots that reduce reaction time and exploit movement difficulties on cross-court angles.^[6] Additionally, drop variations set up subsequent smashes by pressuring opponents into suboptimal net returns, allowing the player to regain rear-court control.^[6] In professional singles matches, drop shots constitute approximately 15% of total strokes, providing essential variation to prevent predictable play.^[61] Deception enhances the drop shot's effectiveness, with players feinting from a clear or smash motion by accelerating the initial arm swing before decelerating for a soft contact, mimicking more powerful shots to mislead opponents.^[62] Varying pace and depth—alternating slow tumbling drops with faster flat ones—further disrupts anticipation, though this requires balancing deception against accuracy to avoid errors.^[62] Common counters include flat drives, which opponents use to neutralize anticipated drops by driving the shuttle low and fast past the net.^[62] Drop shots significantly influence match dynamics, particularly in doubles where they enable net control and rally pacing to mobilize opponents and create attacking transitions. Training for tactical proficiency often incorporates drills pairing drop shots with lifts to build endurance, such as the drop/lift routine where one player lifts to the rear and the other responds with a frontcourt drop, repeating for 5 minutes per round across multiple sets to simulate rally demands.^[63] Advanced variations like drop-recover-drop extend this by requiring mid-court recovery after each exchange, enhancing stamina and precision under fatigue.^[63]

In Squash

Execution in the Court

In squash, the drop shot is executed by directing the ball low to the front wall, aiming just above the tin to minimize its bounce upon impact. This requires a slightly open racket face and a subtle wrist flick to impart backspin, which deadens the ball's pace and enhances control by reducing its forward momentum after the wall contact.^[64]^[65]^[66] Players adopt a relaxed yet firm forehand grip, with feet shoulder-width apart and knees bent to maintain balance and stay low to the ground. The swing involves a short backswing and a smooth, controlled follow-through, striking the ball just in front of the body with gentle racket head speed to achieve the desired low trajectory and finesse.^[64]^[65] As the shortest shot in squash, the drop exploits the enclosed court's dynamics by targeting the front corner, where the ball's low path and wall-hugging rebound make it challenging for opponents to retrieve. Backspin further aids this by causing the ball to skid and check up quickly, significantly lowering its rebound height and speed compared to a standard drive.^[65]^[66] Optimal positioning for the drop shot occurs from mid-court or near the side wall, allowing the player to lunge forward while keeping the racket close to the ball for precision. It is often feinted from the preparation of a straight drive, using similar body language and swing initiation to disguise intent and draw the opponent forward prematurely.^[65]^[64] The squash ball's lighter weight compared to those in other racquet sports enables greater finesse and control in drop shots, permitting subtle variations such as the drop boast that combines elements of a boast with the deadened landing.^[65]

Notable Players and Techniques

Jahangir Khan, the unparalleled squash legend of the 1980s, mastered the straight drop shot with a focus on low-risk consistency, using precise placement just above the tin to dominate rallies and contribute to his six World Open titles and record 555 consecutive victories. His technique emphasized controlled wrist action and minimal swing, allowing him to execute drops from various court positions with reliability that pressured opponents into errors. This approach was instrumental in his undefeated run from 1981 to 1986, showcasing the drop shot as a cornerstone of sustained excellence.^[67]^[68] Qamar Zaman, a trailblazer of the 1970s, elevated the drop shot through deceptive angles and aggressive kill variations, particularly his signature cut backhand drops delivered under intense pressure. In his 1975 British Open campaign, Zaman employed a "fantastic cut backhand drop" to clinch match point against Geoff Hunt in the quarter-finals, en route to defeating Gogi Alauddin in the final and securing the title. His artistry with drops, honed through rigorous junior practice with makeshift balls, not only earned him three years as World No. 1 but also redefined shot-making as an offensive weapon in major tournaments.^[69]^[70]^[71] In the contemporary era, Ali Farag refined the drop shot with masterful disguise, blending finesse with tactical unpredictability and supporting his four World Championship wins (as of 2024) and prolonged tenure as World No. 1 for 238 weeks until March 2025. Farag retired from professional squash in May 2025. This modern flair builds on earlier legacies while adapting to faster-paced professional play.^[72] The techniques pioneered by Khan, Zaman, and Farag have shaped squash training paradigms, with drills emphasizing drop shot accuracy and touch becoming essential for developing control and deception in junior and professional programs. Drop shots remain integral to elite gameplay, accounting for a substantial portion of attacking opportunities in professional rallies.^[73]

Comparisons Across Sports

Similarities in Mechanics

The drop shot across racket sports such as pickleball, badminton, squash, and tennis shares fundamental mechanics centered on soft contact with the ball or shuttle to minimize power and maximize precision. Players typically execute this by using an open racket face to brush under the projectile, imparting backspin that promotes a low, skidding bounce upon landing, often just over the net or in the front court area.^[29]^[6] This soft contact is disguised through preparatory motions mimicking harder shots, such as a full backswing, to deceive opponents about the impending change in pace.^[29] A universal setup involves bent knees for stability and a forward lean to facilitate controlled weight transfer toward the net, enabling accurate placement while maintaining balance.^[74] The physics underlying these drop shots is consistent, governed by aerodynamic drag and spin interactions that reduce forward momentum and rebound height in both balls and shuttles. Backspin generates a Magnus effect, creating upward force that opposes gravity, allowing the projectile to arc gently before dropping sharply due to low velocity, with friction upon impact further dampening the bounce—typically via a coefficient of friction μ ≈ 0.5 on standard court surfaces, leading to reduced rebound angles across sports.^[75]^[76] These drag and spin effects are identical in principle, as the backspin opposes the projectile's horizontal velocity post-bounce, making the shot die quickly regardless of the sport's specific equipment.^[75] Tactically, drop shots in all these sports exploit the opponent's positioning by forcing them to retreat to depth before advancing abruptly, disrupting rhythm and creating openings for subsequent attacks. This approach yields a baseline effectiveness of 50-70%, with elite players achieving higher win rates through precise execution, as seen in tennis (around 54% overall success) and badminton (over 65% in elite singles).^[77]^[78] In pickleball, the third-shot drop similarly neutralizes aggressive serves, contributing to point wins in about 50% of cases when targeted at the non-volley zone.^[50] Cross-training enhances these shared skills, particularly in spin control; for instance, tennis players often improve their badminton drop shots by applying established backspin techniques from larger rackets, leading to better deception and placement in faster-paced environments.^[79]^[80]

Key Differences and Adaptations

The drop shot in tennis and pickleball emphasizes a precise net clearance over an open court, allowing for varied trajectories influenced by the ball's weight and bounce, whereas in badminton, the lighter shuttlecock (5 grams) requires a lofted path to counter the sport's faster pace and higher net (1.55 meters at the sides, 1.52 meters at the center), enabling deceptive tumbling spins that exploit air resistance. In squash, the enclosed court and wall rebound mechanics demand a flatter trajectory aimed at the tin (the metal strip at the base of the front wall), where the ball must clip low without excessive height to prevent easy retrieval, contrasting the open-space dynamics of the other sports. These differences stem from equipment and rules: tennis uses a 58-gram ball with a 0.914-meter (3 feet) net height at the center, pickleball a similar but lighter plastic ball over a 0.86-meter (34-inch) net, and squash no net at all, prioritizing wall interaction over direct opposition. Adaptations reflect these constraints; in pickleball, the third-shot drop employs an arcing path to land softly in the kitchen (non-volley zone), neutralizing aggressive returns while adhering to the no-volley rule near the net, unlike squash's straight, controlled push to skim the tin for a dead bounce in tight spaces. Badminton adaptations leverage the shuttle's minimal weight for heightened spin intensity in drop shots, such as the tumbling net shot, which rotates unpredictably due to lower mass compared to the tennis ball, allowing finer deception in rapid exchanges. Pickleball's rise since 2010, with participation growing from under 1 million players to 13.6 million by 2023 and approximately 20 million by 2025, has amplified these adaptations, as converted tennis courts foster hybrid techniques emphasizing kitchen drops.^[81] Performance varies by environment: drop shots in tennis succeed approximately 54% of the time on open courts, per match data analysis, while in squash's confined space, they achieve higher efficacy (up to 70-80% in controlled studies of accurate placement against the tin), benefiting from reduced retrieval options. Hybrid insights emerge as tennis drop techniques, focusing on angle precision and underspin, inform squash players in adjusting racket face for wall rebounds, enhancing cross-sport training for deceptive low shots.

References

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Drop Shot
### Summary of Drop Shot Execution from Tennis Skills & Drills
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Tennis Terms and Definitions | USTA
Jan 1, 2017 · DROP SHOT – A softly hit ball with lots of backspin that lands near the net after crossing it. FAULT – A served ball that does not land in ...
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Drop Shots: Tennis Eccentric to Essential with Alcaraz
May 28, 2025 · The drop shot is an effective antidote to players camping out well behind the baseline on what is generally the slowest surface.
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This shot is when you hit a ball over the net, and it lands in the opponent's court so short over the net that the opponent should not be able to get there ...
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essential skills and techniques The badminton forehand drop shot
The forehand drop shot enables players to move their opponent to the front court. This will either win a point or create space in the mid and back court to ...
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Using drop shots to create an advantage | Badminton Bible
Drop shots can be among the most deceptive singles shots, offering great opportunity for applying movement pressure to your opponent.<|separator|>
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The drop shot is known to be a strategic movement which deceives opponents to thinking a player is about to execute a drive shot. It is best to use when the ...
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Squash: Rules and how to play - Olympics.com
Mar 28, 2022 · Drop: A drop shot in squash is a gently played shot aimed just above the tin of the front wall. It kills the momentum of the ball and lands ...
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Squash Rules - the Basics Explained
Drop shot. A drop shot is a very attacking shot, designed to place the ball in the front corners of the court. When executed well, a good drop shot will be ...
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Drop Shot - Squash Coach
Squash Drop Shot: The drop is an attacking shot that is played close to the tin with a slow speed. Understand the nuances and how this shot is used in ...<|control11|><|separator|>
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DROP SHOT Definition & Meaning - Dictionary.com
Drop shot definition: (in tennis, badminton, etc.) a ball or shuttlecock so softly hit that it falls to the playing surface just after clearing the net.
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Tennis Glossary: Terms and Definitions - ITF
Drop shot - a softly hit shot that lands close to the net, often played with backspin. Flat – hitting the ball little or no spin, often used in fast serves ...
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TERMINOLOGY - Battlefords Pickleball Club
Down The Line: A shot hit near a sideline that travels close and parallel to the same line. Drop Shot: Soft shot, usually initiated from mid to backcourt ...
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Game, Set, Science: How Physics Powers Tennis
Sep 10, 2025 · A shot hit with backspin will have a flat trajectory, due to the upward Magnus force resisting the downward pull of gravity. The ball floats, ...
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[PDF] Physiological performance characteristics of Universal Tennis ...
Dec 4, 2020 · Slice - backspin that causes the ball to stay low. Topspin - a spin that rotates forwards causing the ball to drop quickly due to the Magnus.
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Strategic weapon: Why the drop shot is a Roland Garros staple
Jun 2, 2025 · This gives players more time to reach the ball, but also allows well-executed drop shots to die more quickly after landing. Clay also ...
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What Shot Has Carlos Alcaraz Popularised? | ATP Tour | Tennis
Feb 16, 2023 · On average, ATP players tend to deploy about 0.85 rally-ending forehand drop shots and 1.05 rally-ending backhand drop shots per match, winning ...Missing: professional | Show results with:professional
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Effects and After-Effects of the Carlos Alcaraz Drop Shot
Mar 21, 2024 · In the hands of someone like Carlitos, the drop shot is a reliable way to win points. But the impact can go further than that. All sorts of ...
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https://www.tennisabstract.com/blog/2024/03/21/effects-and-after-effects-of-the-carlos-alcaraz-drop-shot/
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How to Hit a Drop Shot in Tennis? Technique & Strategy Explained
Learn how to hit a drop shot in tennis. Follow this complete guide with techniques, drills, and expert advice to add control and creativity to your game.
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Drop Shot in Badminton: Tips, Techniques, and Strategy
Oct 13, 2024 · Start by maintaining a balanced stance with your knees slightly bent ... Relax your grip to allow for smoother, more controlled shots.
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The Drop Shot: 5 Pickleball Basics & Mistakes
Jun 17, 2025 · 1. Use the right grip and paddle angle · 2. Bend your knees and stay low · 3. Contact the ball out front · 4. Follow through smoothly · 5. Aim for ...
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Alcaraz, Jabeur surprise and disguise with the drop shot | Tennis.com
Aug 24, 2022 · Weapon Wednesday: Alcaraz, Jabeur surprise and disguise with the drop shot. With the pair proving its worth in the pros, the pace-changing ...
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Technique: The Five Controls of the Ball - USTA Player Development
The higher bounce of a drop shot is the only time you see an underspin bounce high, because of the trajectory of the shot. Copyright © 2025 by United States ...Missing: definition | Show results with:definition
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[PDF] MODELLING THE IMPACT OF TENNIS BALLS ON COURT ...
It was found that impacts with backspin caused more deformation and an increased energy loss compared to normal impacts with the same vertical velocity.
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The Physics of Tennis: String Patterns and Spin
Jan 30, 2013 · The ball deforms between the strings such that the tangent force is pushing against a gear-like protrusion. This force slows the ball and ...
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How To Disguise Your Drop Shot (Smart Tennis Singles Strategy)
Mar 8, 2024 · Fuzzy Yellow Balls app/The New Rules of Doubles: Apple: https://apple.co/3Hmjgmg Android: https://bit.ly/3S872CY Join PlayYourCourt: ...
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Some good ways to disguise your drop shots? - Talk Tennis
Nov 24, 2008 · You need a generous amount of spiral spin in addition to the side spin to pull off these shots; sidespin alone will not do it.Missing: variations | Show results with:variations
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Bill Tilden - International Tennis Hall of Fame
Tilden brought a thinking approach to tennis, rather than a booming serve and banging forehand. He studied and mastered the use of spin, favored drop shots ...
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Unforgetting Big Bill - Washington Examiner
Jun 1, 2018 · Along the way he invented the drop shot; was the first player precisely to formulate court strategy in a book (said to be the best on its ...
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The Resurgence of the Drop Shot - - Essential Tennis
Roger Federer will slice a short ball to an opponent's backhand. Given the fear most players have of coming to net, they hit the ball and retreat back to the ...
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Great Men of Tennis: Big Bill Tilden - Tragic Hero?
Feb 22, 2010 · He played from the back court and picked his opponents apart with pinpoint accuracy and guile as well as chopped and sliced shots, lobs and drop ...
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Tennis Drop Shot – 7 Tactical Tips For Smarter Play
Aug 15, 2019 · The first and most important tactical tip is to play drop shots inside the baseline. The ball will have a shorter flight to the bounce, and the opponent will ...
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Very hard to hit dropshot winners on hard court now
Aug 9, 2021 · It will always be effective against slow movers .... perhaps tall players who dont move fast - like Isner. Secondly, a side goal of drop shots is ...
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Quick Tip: Poaching creates doubles trouble - Tennis.com
Aug 2, 2025 · Poaching is one of the most impactful tactics in doubles. ... Just like a drop shot, for a poach to work it needs an element of disguise.
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https://www.essentialtennis.com/the-resurgence-of-the-drop-shot/
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Drop Shot PERFECTION from Alcaraz! - YouTube
Aug 29, 2024 · Carlos Alcaraz hits an exquisite drop shot during his match vs. Botic van de Zandschulp in Round 2 of the 2024 US Open.
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How To Disguise Your Dropshot (Advanced Tennis Technique And ...
Sep 1, 2021 · ... up the racket face 3. Gently tap the ball with slight backspin while trying to make it peak on your side of the court • Thank you Matt Lin ...Missing: follow- variations spinning
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https://www.menstennisforums.com/threads/very-hard-to-hit-dropshot-winners-on-hard-court-now.999774/
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Pickleball Basic Terms
If the ball is hit too high, there is a good chance for a put-away shot. Drop Shot. The drop is a soft shot hit off a bounce from deep in the court, intended ...Drop Shot · Ground Strokes · Serving BasicsMissing: setup knees
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twxl2a/federer_vs_roddick_2004_wimbledon_highlights
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Three Options from the Baseline and When to Use Them
Mar 24, 2024 · Unless your opponents can't handle even a mediocre drive, you should be dropping anywhere from 70-100 percent of the time on your third shot.<|control11|><|separator|>
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Pickleball Net Height – What the Rulebook Says | Pickleheads
Sep 29, 2022 · According to the official USA Pickleball Rulebook, the correct pickleball net height is 34′′ in the middle and 36′′ at the sidelines.Net height · Specifications · Comparison · Tennis Nets
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https://www.instagram.com/reel/CwpXV_Vtqeg/
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https://usapickleball.org/strategies/pickleball-basic-terms/
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What Is A Drop Shot In Pickleball
Drops are strategically deployed by an advanced player when their opponent is close to the non-volley line and they are not. This is true in both doubles and ...<|control11|><|separator|>
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Pickleball 3rd shot drop tips from the pros
### Summary of 3rd Shot Drop in Pickleball
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Keeping Third Shots "In Play": a pro stats study. | PPA Tour
Apr 15, 2025 · Third shot drops need proper trajectory for adequate clearance above the net. · Third shot drives that stay in play can set up easier fifth shots ...
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Third Shot Drop in Pickleball [Technique, Strategy, and Training]
Oct 23, 2025 · In this guide, we'll break down everything you need to know to master the third shot drop, including key techniques, practice drills, and the best gear to fine ...
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The Essential Guide to Mastering the Third Shot Drop in Pickleball
Dec 14, 2024 · Learn how to master the third shot drop in pickleball with this step-by-step guide. Discover the key techniques and common mistakes.<|control11|><|separator|>
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Badminton Drop Shot: Types of Drop Shots and How to Play Them
Mar 4, 2022 · Swing the racket over your head, straightening your elbow and contacting the shuttle at the highest point. Hit the shuttle with a flat racket ...
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How to Hit a Backhand Overhead Drop Shot - Sikana
Keep your arm movement compact and controlled, rotate the elbow and snap the wrist. Remember the impact should be high and a little ahead of the racket ...
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The physics of badminton - IOPscience
Jun 1, 2015 · The conical shape of a shuttlecock allows it to flip on impact. As a light and extended particle, it flies with a pure drag trajectory.
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Drop Shot - Steve's Badminton Blog and Website
The standard drop shot works by the player using his wrist to slice or hit the shuttle in a downward trajectory.
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Master Mid Court in Badminton
A very flat lobbing (Not the roof high kind of lob) to the back once a while can divert your opponent's attention as they now have two attentional areas( at the ...
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Attacking Secrets From The Rear Court In Badminton
Jul 31, 2023 · – Drop shot with slow or fast slice to your opponent's forehand, backhand or directly in front of them. – Attacking clear, “punching” the ...
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Changes in the Game Characteristics of a Badminton Match - NIH
The averaged distribution is 10.0% for the clear, 15.0% for the drop, 13.0% for the smash, 3.0% for the drive, 30.0% for the net drop, 25.0% for the lob and 3.0 ...
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Making your drop shots deceptive - The Badminton Bible
The trade-off between deception and accuracy. The faster you make your initial swing, the more deceptive your drop shot will be. But this fast-then-slow swing ...
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Comparative Analysis of the Techniques and Tactics of World ...
The main technique used in women's doubles in mid court is dribbling, accounting for approximately 27.4% of the total number of midfield techniques used, ...<|separator|>
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Why Viktor Axelsen Is The Best Badminton Player In The World
2. Viktor's Shot Selection · When his opponent hits a straight drop, he often anticipates this and quickly turns the shuttle cross court to make his opponent ...
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How to Drop Shot like a Pro with Viktor Axelsen #badminton ...
Apr 24, 2025 · How to Drop Shot like a Pro with Viktor Axelsen #badminton #axelsen #caulong #bulutangkis ... This content isn't available.
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7 Badminton Drop Shot Drills: To Improve Your Drop Shot
Mar 14, 2022 · The Drop/Lift routine is a good drill to practice the drop shot motion. For this drill, one Player 1 lifts to the back of the court and Player 2 ...
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Mastering the Forehand Drop in Squash
Jul 18, 2024 · The forehand drop shot is a controlled shot placing the ball in the front corner, requiring a relaxed grip, shoulder-width stance, and a gentle ...
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The Squash Drop Shot - Squashgame.info
The squash drop shot is an advanced skill which requires finesse, including wrist and racket face control and balance. · The speed of the swing and hitting angle ...
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Drop Shot Mechanics: Who Says there's No Spin in Squash?
Jul 1, 2010 · A drop shot is played short to the front, hitting the front wall before the side wall or floor. It uses the upper racquet face, with a longer ...<|control11|><|separator|>
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Jahangir Khan - Time Magazine
Nov 13, 2006 · In the five years to 1986, the Pakistani squash player was unbeaten in over 550 matches. Before the decade was out, he had taken six World Open ...
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Beautiful Drop Shot - Jahangir Khan World Open 1988. - YouTube
Jan 14, 2022 · Beautiful Drop Shot - Jahangir Khan World Open 1988. 389 views ... Jahangir Khan vs Chris Ditmar Squash. Khan Squash Tips•58K views · 5:00.Missing: technique | Show results with:technique
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1975 – The British Open & Qamar Zaman…. - SquashSite
Hunt was playing it cool, hoping to encourage error but Zaman refused to commit competitive suicide. A fantastic cut backhand drop took Zaman to match point..
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Flashback To 75 - Squash Player Magazine
achieved 50 years ago at Wembley Squash ... His “finishing of shots” meant his signature drop shot ...
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SQUASH: THE STROKE MASTER - Newspaper - DAWN.COM
Jun 9, 2019 · He told my father, 'Qamar plays tennis like squash; he drop shots from the back of the court. He should concentrate on squash'.” That was when ...
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INCH PERFECT DROP SHOT ‍ | Asal v Farag - YouTube
Jan 19, 2025 · ... Ali Farag with a superb forehand drop shot. Enjoy this exchange in super slow mo. Watch Squash LIVE and ON DEMAND SQUASHTV: https ...Missing: spinning | Show results with:spinning
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A Champion's Exit: Farewell To Ali Farag - The Squash Blog
Jun 11, 2025 · His ability to disguise drop shots, or, to hold and flick last-second cross courts with barely any preparation makes Mr Fantastic a nightmare to ...
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The effect of 3/7 training on developing some special physical ...
The research aims to study the effect of 3/7 Training on developing some special physical qualities and drop shot accuracy for juniors squash under 15 years ...
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Can A Squash Game Be Summed Up By A Single Chart?
Feb 20, 2023 · He hits 40% of his drop shots from mid-left – and nobody else gets above 25%. “Momen is the only player to hit a higher percentage of drops from ...
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What is it like to play on a glass squash court?
May 6, 2022 · Glass courts are slightly cooler than plaster courts. This means that you normally need to hit the ball either a little harder or a little higher to get it to ...
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Tennis Drop Shot Technique & How To Practice
Jul 21, 2019 · The drop shot involves hitting under the ball with a forward body movement, a shorter follow-through, and a shorter backswing, with a firm ...
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Spin has transformed modern-day tennis—here's the physics behind it
Jan 20, 2025 · The most dramatic use of backspin comes in the form of the "drop shot," where players disguise a gentle, heavily underspun shot that barely ...
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[PDF] The impact dynamics of a tennis ball striking a hard surface
Jan 20, 1989 · The horizontal component velocity will influence a shallow angle impact with backspin ball on a surface to have a smaller sliding friction. 5.Missing: reduction | Show results with:reduction
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Drop shots are more common — but are they a winning advantage?
just barely over half. About 19% of drop shots end in outright errors, many of them unforced and costly. In ...
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What Is a Drop Shot in Badminton? Definition & Tips - SportSurge
Oct 30, 2025 · Data shows that elite singles players average between 10–22 drop shots per match, with success rates exceeding 65%. ... Frequently Asked Questions ...
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Cross-Training Across Racquet Sports for Junior Tennis Player ...
Mar 10, 2025 · Some of the benefits include improved hand-eye coordination, which each sport allows players to improve reflexes to be prepared for the fast- ...
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crosstraining: badminton / squash / tennis | BadmintonCentral
Jul 6, 2007 · Cross-training is only GPP. A beginner badminton player who also plays tennis will have a basic understanding of how to perform the overhead stroke.Tennis bad for badminton? | BadmintonCentralBadminton Strategy, Hitting Straight or Cross-Court?More results from www.badmintoncentral.comMissing: drop | Show results with:drop