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Net

A net is most commonly a device or textile consisting of an open-meshed material made by tying knots in string or cord, or by weaving threads together at right angles. Net may also refer to:

[[Physical nets|Physical nets]]: Including devices for catching or containing and netting fabrics.
[[Mathematical concepts]]: Such as a polyhedron net or topological net.
[[Economic terms]]: Including net in economics and net income.
[[Computing terms]]: Such as a computer network or the Internet.
[[Other meanings]]: Including sports and safety applications, and arts and media.

Physical nets

Device

A net is a flexible, open-meshed device constructed from knotted twine, cord, rope, or wire, forming a series of interconnected loops or meshes designed to capture, contain, or secure objects while allowing smaller items or fluids to pass through.^[1]^[2] The origins of nets trace back to prehistoric times, primarily for hunting and fishing, with the earliest unambiguous evidence from Upper Paleolithic engravings in Germany depicting fish caught in nets around 15,800 years ago.^[3] The oldest preserved physical net, known as the Antrea Net, dates to approximately 8,500 BCE and was discovered in Finland, consisting of willow bark cords used for fishing.^[4] Nets are typically made by hand-knotting strands of material, employing techniques such as the sheet bend (a variant often used in netting to join meshes securely) and occasionally the clove hitch for initial attachments or securing ends.^[5] Common materials include natural fibers like cotton and historical plant-based cords, as well as modern synthetics such as nylon and polypropylene, which provide durability, resistance to rot, and varying levels of elasticity depending on the application.^[6]^[7] In fishing, nets serve as primary tools for capturing aquatic species, with types like drift nets—free-floating gillnets that entangle fish by their gills—and gillnets deployed vertically in the water column to target schooling pelagics.^[8]^[9] Mesh sizes in these nets are regulated by international agreements and national authorities, guided by FAO recommendations, with minimum dimensions varying by species and fishery; for example, at least 100 mm in some cod-end regulations for demersal trawls to allow juvenile fish to escape while retaining adults.^[10] Beyond fishing, nets are used for trapping terrestrial animals, such as in wildlife management where camouflaged mesh ensnares birds or small mammals without harm.^[11] Industrially, heavy-duty nets secure cargo during transport, preventing loads from shifting in ships, trucks, or aircraft.^[12] Representative examples include the butterfly net, a lightweight, conical mesh device with a long handle used by entomologists for gently capturing insects in flight during field collection.^[13] Another is the cargo net, a robust, knotted polypropylene or nylon mesh applied in shipping to restrain pallets, vehicles, or bulk goods on decks or in holds, ensuring stability against motion and weather.^[14]

Textile

Net fabric, also known as netting, is a lightweight textile characterized by an open-mesh structure formed through loosely woven or knitted yarns that create large, uniform openings between intersections, setting it apart from denser knotted meshes typically used in other applications.^[15] This construction allows for breathability, transparency, and flexibility, making it suitable for aesthetic and functional purposes rather than heavy-duty restraint.^[16] The manufacturing of net fabrics involves interlacing yarns via machine weaving on specialized looms, such as raschel or tricot knitting machines, or through hand-crocheting for custom, intricate pieces. In contemporary industrial production, synthetic fibers like polyester and polypropylene dominate due to their strength, resistance to wear, and affordability, enabling high-volume output for diverse uses.^[17] Historically, openwork net-like textiles emerged in ancient Egypt around 3000 BCE, appearing in ornate burial garments as precursors to lace. Significant advancement occurred in the 19th century with John Heathcoat's 1809 invention of the bobbinet machine, which mechanized the production of fine, uniform net fabrics and revolutionized textile manufacturing.^[18]^[19] Net fabrics find wide application in fashion, where variants like tulle provide sheer layers for veils, gowns, and dresses, enhancing visual lightness and drape. In home decor, they form airy curtains that diffuse light and hammocks offering supportive, ventilated seating. For protection, mosquito nets made from fine polyester mesh are impregnated with insecticides such as pyrethroids, significantly reducing malaria transmission by repelling and killing Anopheles mosquitoes during sleep.^[20] Notable variants include bobbinet, a machine-produced hexagonal mesh originally from silk but now often nylon, prized for its stability in veils and lace foundations. Fishnet stockings, featuring bold diamond openings, gained prominence in mid-20th-century fashion during the 1950s, symbolizing bold, provocative style in mainstream and performative attire.^[21]^[22]

Mathematical concepts

Polyhedron net

A polyhedron net is a two-dimensional pattern formed by unfolding the surface of a three-dimensional polyhedron along its edges and laying it flat on a plane, such that the faces do not overlap and can be folded back to reconstruct the original polyhedron without gaps or overlaps. This arrangement consists of the polyhedron's faces connected edge-to-edge in a connected, simply connected region, effectively representing a cut-out projection that preserves adjacency relationships.^[23]^[24] The historical development of polyhedron nets traces back to the 16th century, with early illustrations appearing in Albrecht Dürer's 1525 treatise Underweysung der Messung mit dem Zirckel und Richtscheyt, where he depicted nets for polyhedra such as the dodecahedron and a snub cube to aid in geometric construction and artistic representation. By the 18th century, geometry texts began incorporating nets more systematically for demonstrating polyhedral properties and facilitating the creation of physical models, reflecting their growing role in mathematical pedagogy.^[25]^[26] Constructing a valid polyhedron net requires connecting the faces edge-to-edge to form a tree-like structure in the dual graph of the polyhedron, ensuring the pattern remains simply connected and free of interior holes. For convex polyhedra, additional rules prevent overlaps during folding, such as avoiding cycles longer than 4 in the face arrangement, which could cause intersecting faces; linear chains of faces are also limited based on the polyhedron's geometry to maintain foldability without self-intersection.^[23]^[27] Representative examples illustrate the variety of nets. For a cube, there are exactly 11 distinct nets up to congruence, including cross-shaped patterns with a central square surrounded by four adjacent squares and two more attached to opposite arms, or zigzag chains of six squares that fold without overlap. A regular tetrahedron has two distinct nets, one featuring four equilateral triangles arranged in a chain, which folds by bringing the end triangles together to form the apex. The regular dodecahedron admits 43,380 distinct nets, highlighting the combinatorial complexity for polyhedra with more faces.^[23]^[28] Polyhedron nets find practical applications in education, where they help students visualize and manipulate three-dimensional shapes by constructing paper models to understand surface area and folding mechanics. In packaging design, nets serve as templates for efficient material cutouts that minimize waste and ensure structural integrity when assembled into boxes or containers. Similarly, in manufacturing, they provide blueprints for fabricating prototypes or components, such as in sheet metal forming or architectural modeling.^[29]^[30]

Topological net

In mathematics, particularly in general topology, a topological net is defined as a function from a directed set—equipped with a reflexive, transitive, and directed partial order—to a topological space, serving as a generalization of sequences to study limits and convergence in abstract settings where sequences alone are inadequate, such as non-first-countable spaces.^[31] The directed set, often denoted (D, \leq), ensures that for any two elements \alpha, \beta \in D, there exists \gamma \in D such that \gamma \geq \alpha and \gamma \geq \beta, allowing the net to "progress" toward limits in a generalized sense.^[32] The concept of nets originated with E. H. Moore and H. L. Smith in their 1922 paper establishing a general theory of limits, initially termed Moore-Smith sequences, to extend convergence beyond metric spaces.^[31] Key properties include convergence, where a net (x_\alpha)_{\alpha \in D} in a topological space X converges to a point x \in X if, for every neighborhood U of x, there exists \alpha_0 \in D such that x_\alpha \in U for all \alpha \geq \alpha_0; this "eventual" containment generalizes the tail behavior of sequences.^[32] Additionally, nets satisfy a universal property for continuity: a function f: X \to Y between topological spaces is continuous at x if and only if, for every net (x_\alpha) converging to x in X, the composed net (f(x_\alpha)) converges to f(x) in Y.^[31] Illustrative examples highlight nets' utility. A constant net, where x_\alpha = c for all \alpha \in D and some fixed c \in X, trivially converges to c, demonstrating immediate eventual containment in any neighborhood of c.^[32] A principal net indexed by the natural numbers under the usual order (\mathbb{N}, \leq) reduces precisely to a sequence, recovering classical limits when D is cofinal with \mathbb{N}.^[31] In metric spaces like the real numbers \mathbb{R}, nets extend Cauchy completeness: a net is Cauchy if, for every \epsilon > 0, there exists \alpha_0 \in D such that d(x_\alpha, x_\beta) < \epsilon for all \alpha, \beta \geq \alpha_0, and in complete spaces, every Cauchy net converges.^[32] Nets find essential applications in general topology for handling convergence in spaces lacking countable local bases, such as uncountable product topologies where sequences fail to detect limits—for instance, the net of finite-support functions in \mathbb{R}^\mathbb{R} (indexed by finite subsets of \mathbb{R}) converges pointwise but not uniformly.^[31] In functional analysis, they characterize weak topologies on Banach spaces, enabling the study of weak convergence of sequences of functionals without relying on first-countability, as in Alaoglu's theorem where nets in the unit ball of the dual space attain weak* limits.^[31]

Economic terms

Net in economics

In economics and accounting, the term "net" denotes the resultant balance after deducting costs, liabilities, or other subtractions from a gross figure, yielding an accurate measure of the effective value or amount.^[33] This foundational concept isolates the value-adding or usable portion by removing extraneous elements, ensuring precise economic valuation across various applications.^[34] The relationship between net and gross is straightforward, governed by the arithmetic principle:

\text{net} = \text{gross} - \text{deductions}

Allowable deductions typically encompass items like taxes and depreciation, tailored to the specific economic context to reflect true economic contribution.^[35] The usage of "net" in economic contexts traces its origins to the early 15th century in English accounting practices, derived from the Old French "net," meaning clean or pure, to signify an amount cleared of deductions. This terminology evolved alongside the development of systematic bookkeeping, particularly with the formalization of double-entry methods in Luca Pacioli's 1494 treatise Summa de arithmetica, which emphasized reducing accounts to a "resto" or remainder for balanced financial records.^[36] Key examples illustrate the net concept's application. Net weight represents the mass of goods excluding packaging or tare, calculated as gross weight minus the container's weight, which is essential for trade and logistics pricing.^[37] Similarly, net price is the final selling amount after subtracting discounts from the list price, providing a clear basis for transactions.^[35] In shipping, net tonnage measures a vessel's cargo capacity as gross tonnage less deductions for non-earning spaces like crew quarters and engine rooms. The principles underlying netting promote accurate economic assessment by focusing on productive components, as seen in international standards such as IFRS 15, which guides revenue recognition by requiring entities to net amounts when acting as agents rather than principals, thereby depicting the true economic substance of transactions.^[38] One specific application of this broad netting framework is net income, which applies the concept to profitability after expenses.^[39]

Net income

Net income, also known as net profit or the "bottom line," represents a company's or individual's total earnings after deducting all expenses, including cost of goods sold (COGS), operating expenses, interest, taxes, and other deductions from total revenue. This metric serves as the primary indicator of financial profitability, reflecting the residual amount available for distribution to shareholders or reinvestment after fulfilling all operational and fiscal obligations. In corporate contexts, it is derived from the income statement, providing a comprehensive view of performance over a specific period, such as a fiscal quarter or year. The standardization of net income reporting emerged in the United States during the 1930s through the development of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), prompted by the Securities Act of 1933 and the establishment of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to ensure transparent financial disclosures amid the Great Depression. Globally, the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), which include detailed guidelines for net income presentation, gained widespread adoption starting in 2005, particularly with the European Union's mandate for listed companies to use IFRS for consolidated statements, harmonizing international accounting practices. These frameworks ensure consistency, comparability, and reliability in how net income is calculated and reported across jurisdictions. The calculation of net income typically follows a multi-step process outlined in the income statement:

\text{Net Income} = \text{Revenue} - \text{COGS} - \text{Operating Expenses} - \text{Interest} - \text{Taxes}

First, gross profit is computed as revenue minus COGS, which includes direct costs like materials and labor. Operating income (or EBIT) is then derived by subtracting operating expenses such as salaries, rent, and depreciation from gross profit. Finally, non-operating items like interest and taxes are deducted to arrive at net income. This structured breakdown allows stakeholders to isolate profitability at various operational levels. For corporations, net income margins in the S&P 500 averaged approximately 10.7% in 2024, illustrating the sector's typical profitability after deductions, with variations by industry—technology firms often exceeding 20% while utilities hovered around 5-7%.^[40] On a personal level, net income refers to take-home pay after payroll taxes and deductions, such as an annual salary of $60,000 yielding approximately $50,200 for a single filer in the U.S. after standard federal income tax, Social Security, and Medicare in 2024.^[41] Net income is integral to financial analysis, forming the basis for key ratios like the net profit margin (\text{Net Profit Margin} = \frac{\text{Net Income}}{\text{Revenue}} \times 100), which measures efficiency in converting revenue to profit. It is essential for tax filings, where corporations report it on Form 1120 to determine taxable income, and for investor evaluations, such as earnings per share calculations. Unlike EBITDA, which excludes interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization to focus on core operations, net income provides a fuller picture of actual cash available post-all liabilities, though it may be influenced by non-cash items like depreciation.

Computing terms

Computer network

A computer network is a set of interconnected computing devices, such as computers, servers, and peripherals, linked via wired or wireless media to enable the exchange of data and resources.^[42] This interconnection allows devices to communicate, share information, and access shared hardware like printers or storage systems efficiently.^[43] At its core, a computer network facilitates reliable data transmission through standardized rules and hardware arrangements, forming the backbone of modern digital communication.^[44] The historical development of computer networks traces back to the ARPANET, launched in 1969 by the U.S. Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), which connected four university computers and demonstrated packet-switching for resilient data transfer.^[45] This evolved into broader internetworking in the 1970s, with the introduction of Ethernet in 1973 at Xerox PARC, a local area network technology using coaxial cables for collision-detection-based communication.^[46] Ethernet was standardized in 1983 as IEEE 802.3, enabling commercial adoption and speeds starting at 10 Mbps, which laid the foundation for today's high-speed wired networks.^[47] Key components of a computer network include nodes, which are the endpoint devices like computers or smartphones that generate and consume data; links, the physical or wireless connections such as Ethernet cables or Wi-Fi signals that carry data between nodes; protocols, standardized rules like the TCP/IP suite that govern data formatting, addressing, and reliable delivery; and topologies, the structural arrangements defining how nodes interconnect, such as star (central hub-based for easy management), mesh (fully interconnected for redundancy), or bus (linear shared medium for simplicity).^[42]^[48] These elements ensure efficient, scalable operation, with TCP/IP emerging in the 1980s as the dominant protocol suite for routing packets across diverse networks.^[44] Computer networks are classified by scale and purpose into types like Personal Area Networks (PANs), which connect devices within a 10-meter range, such as Bluetooth-enabled wearables; Local Area Networks (LANs), covering up to 100 meters in homes or offices via Wi-Fi or Ethernet for local resource access; Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs), spanning a city or campus for interconnecting multiple LANs; and Wide Area Networks (WANs), extending globally like internet backbones using fiber optics for long-distance connectivity.^[49] These range from small-scale PANs to vast global systems, with the internet serving as the largest public WAN.^[50] Applications of computer networks primarily revolve around data communication, enabling real-time exchange via email, video calls, or web browsing, and resource sharing, allowing multiple users to access centralized files, printers, or databases to reduce costs and improve collaboration.^[42] Security is integral, with measures like firewalls to monitor and block unauthorized traffic, encryption protocols to protect data in transit, and intrusion detection systems to safeguard against threats in shared environments.^[51] As of 2025, over 19 billion devices are connected globally, underscoring the scale of networked applications from smart homes to enterprise systems.^[52]

Internet

The Internet is a worldwide system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate and share data across billions of devices globally. Often referred to colloquially as "the Net," it enables seamless exchange of information through standardized protocols, forming a decentralized infrastructure without a central authority. This global network evolved from military and academic origins, transitioning into a commercial powerhouse that underpins modern communication, commerce, and information access.^[53] Key historical milestones include the adoption of TCP/IP on January 1, 1983, which standardized data transmission across ARPANET and other networks, marking the birth of the modern Internet. In 1989, British computer scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web at CERN, introducing hypertext and browsers to make the Internet more accessible. Commercialization accelerated in the 1990s, with the U.S. National Science Foundation lifting restrictions on commercial traffic in 1991, the release of the Mosaic web browser in 1993, and the privatization of NSFNET in 1995, enabling widespread ISP services and e-commerce. By 2025, the Internet's user base exceeds 6 billion individuals, representing about 73% of the global population.^[54]^[55]^[56]^[57] The Internet's infrastructure relies on backbone providers, primarily Tier 1 networks that operate global high-capacity fiber-optic cables and exchange traffic without payment through peering agreements. Examples include AT&T, Verizon, and Lumen Technologies (formerly Level 3), which form the core of the Internet's "backbone" spanning undersea and terrestrial routes. Core protocols include HTTP/3, adopted by 35.9% of websites by November 2025 for faster, more reliable data transfer via QUIC, and the ongoing IPv6 transition, with around 45% of global traffic using IPv6 as of late 2025 to address address exhaustion.^[58]^[59]^[60] Access methods have advanced with fiber-optic broadband offering multi-gigabit speeds in urban areas and wireless technologies like 5G providing widespread mobile connectivity, while 6G research focuses on terabit-per-second capabilities for future ultra-low latency applications.^[61] A defining feature of the Internet is its decentralized structure, where no single entity controls the network, allowing resilient packet-switched routing and end-to-end connectivity. This enables diverse services such as email for asynchronous communication via SMTP and streaming media platforms like Netflix, which deliver on-demand video to over 300 million paid memberships worldwide as of 2025.^[62] However, challenges persist, including the digital divide, with an estimated 2.6 billion people—primarily in low-income countries—lacking access in 2025, exacerbating inequalities in education and economic opportunity. Cybersecurity threats have intensified, with the global average cost of data breaches reaching $4.45 million in 2023, a 15% rise over three years, driven by ransomware and state-sponsored attacks that underscore vulnerabilities in this interconnected ecosystem.^[63]^[64]^[65] The nickname "the Net" originated in the late 1970s within early computer networking communities and gained popularity in 1990s media, including the 1995 film The Net starring Sandra Bullock, which dramatized online hacking and surveillance. Economically, the Internet contributes significantly to global growth, with the digital economy accounting for about 15% of world GDP, valued at approximately $16 trillion as of 2025.^[66]^[67]

Other meanings

Sports and safety applications

Nets play a crucial role in various sports, providing boundaries and goals that define play areas and scoring. In tennis, the net divides the court into two equal halves, standing 3 feet (0.914 meters) high at the center and 3 feet 6 inches (1.07 meters) high at the posts, spanning the full width of the court—32 feet (9.75 meters) for singles and 36 feet (11 meters) for doubles—to ensure fair play and prevent balls from crossing uncontrollably. In soccer, goal nets adhere to FIFA standards, measuring 24 feet (8 yards or 7.32 meters) wide and 8 feet (2.44 meters) high, a dimension standardized since the sport's early rules in 1863 to promote consistent gameplay across matches. Volleyball nets, regulated by the FIVB, are set at a height of 7 feet 11 5/8 inches (2.43 meters) for men and 7 feet 4 1/8 inches (2.24 meters) at the center, extending across the court's 29 feet 6 inches (9 meters) width to facilitate spiking and blocking maneuvers. The historical development of sports nets has significantly influenced gameplay safety and accuracy. Soccer goal nets were invented by Liverpool engineer John Alexander Brodie in 1889, patented in 1891, and first used in a competitive match on 10 January 1891 in a North vs. South international selection game in Nottingham, replacing vague tape lines and allowing goalkeepers to more effectively track shots.^[68] In basketball, nets evolved from the original 1891 peach baskets introduced by James Naismith, which required manual ball retrieval after each score, to open-bottom metal-ring nets by 1906, enabling continuous play and reducing game interruptions. These innovations addressed practical challenges in early sports, enhancing both spectator experience and player efficiency. Beyond athletics, nets serve critical safety functions in high-risk environments. In construction, safety nets provide fall protection under OSHA regulations, required for work areas more than 25 feet above lower levels, with mesh sizes not exceeding 6 inches by 6 inches to catch falling workers or debris without allowing passage.^[69] Fire escape nets, often deployed in urban rescue operations, extend horizontally at least 8 feet from building perimeters and no more than 10 feet below escape points, designed to support sudden impacts from evacuees.^[70] Stunt nets in the film industry, used for high-fall scenes, must withstand substantial loads, typically tested to support up to several thousand pounds per impact point to ensure performer safety during dynamic sequences.^[71] Modern safety and sports nets incorporate durable materials and rigorous testing protocols for reliability. High-tensile polyethylene (HDPE), valued for its UV resistance and strength-to-weight ratio, is widely used in both applications, offering elongation under load to absorb energy without tearing.^[72] Standards mandate impact resistance testing, such as drop tests where a 400-pound sandbag is released from heights up to 45 feet to simulate falls, verifying the net's ability to decelerate objects without failure and ensuring compliance with performance thresholds like 17,500 foot-pounds of energy absorption.^[71]^[69] Innovations in net technology have integrated sensors for enhanced functionality, particularly in sports analytics. Hawk-Eye, introduced in professional tennis in 2001, employs multiple high-speed cameras to track ball trajectories relative to the net and lines, providing umpires with accurate in/out decisions and reducing human error in close calls.^[73] Additional smart features, such as vibration sensors in tennis nets, detect let cords by monitoring oscillations, alerting officials instantaneously and streamlining gameplay in tournaments.^[74]

Arts and media

In film and television, "net" has appeared in titles exploring themes of digital entrapment and cyber threats. The 1995 American thriller The Net, directed by Irwin Winkler and starring Sandra Bullock as a software analyst whose life is disrupted by a hacker conspiracy, popularized anxieties about online identity theft and virtual surveillance. In music, "net" features in band names and song titles symbolizing protection or connectivity. Ariana Grande's 2020 song "Safety Net," from her album Positions, uses the metaphor of a net as emotional support in a faltering relationship, peaking at number 22 on the Billboard Hot 100. Literature and comics have employed "net" both literally and metaphorically to evoke entrapment or interconnection. In Herman Melville's 1851 novel Moby-Dick, nautical nets serve as symbols of the whalemen's perilous labor and the inescapable web of fate, particularly in chapters describing the try-works and line-handling. Other media references include historical broadcasting entities. The National Educational Television (NET) network, operating from 1952 to 1970 in the United States, was a nonprofit public broadcaster precursor to PBS, delivering educational programming to over 200 stations. Briefly, the internet's pervasive influence appears thematically in cyber-themed media, such as stunt sequences involving physical nets in action films to mimic digital falls.

References

[1]
https://www2.cs.arizona.edu/patterns/weaving/articles/eb11_net.pdf
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Fishing Nets: History and Innovations in 2025 - Storyboard That
The oldest net we have found dates to about 8300 BCE; it was made of willow and found with other fishing equipment in the Karelian town of Antrea. The second ...
[3]
Netting Fabric: History, Properties, Uses, Care, Where to Buy
The first mechanical net-making machine was invented in 1809 by John Heathcoat, revolutionizing the production of net fabrics.
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Fishing Gear: Gillnets | NOAA Fisheries
Feb 22, 2021 · A gillnet is a wall of netting that hangs in the water column, typically made of monofilament or multifilament nylon.
[5]
How to choose the material of fishing net - Nettingland
Dec 23, 2022 · As a new material of modern nets, UHMWPE has the best properties of all the plastic. The weight of fishing net would be much lighter than others ...Materials to choose · what is their proporties · The applications of these...
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NetPlus is Bureo's signature material made from post-consumer recycled fishing nets, reducing one of the most harmful forms of ocean plastic pollution.
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[PDF] NET
NET,¹ a fabric of thread, cord or wire, the intersections of which are knotted so as to form a mesh. The art of netting is intimately related to weaving, ...Missing: physical | Show results with:physical
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netting - Encyclopedia.com
net·ting / ˈneting/ • n. open-meshed material made by knotting together twine, wire, rope, or thread. The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English.Missing: physical | Show results with:physical
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These Ice Age Artworks Etched Into Rock 15,800 Years Ago May Be ...
Nov 22, 2024 · “This study provides the first unambiguous visual evidence of fishing nets in European prehistory, based on the engraved motifs of fish within ...
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Nets and skis from ancient times - Don's Maps
The Antrea Net is the oldest known fishing net in the world, dated 9310±120 BP with radiocarbon dating. It was found by a farmer named Antti Virolainen in ...
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[PDF] PRACTICAL TWINEWORK FOR FISHERMEN AND GEAR ...
wire rope, a six stranded wire with each wire strand covered with a fiber wrapper!. The size of wire used depends on the size of the net, although the most.
[12]
[PDF] Rope & Net Making - The-Eye
No matter what the netting was used for, the knitting of the mesh was done by tying a series of loops in some type of twine. In one method, the basic knot used ...
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Cargo Netting Applications - MISC Products Cargo Straps
Nov 13, 2018 · Cargo netting can be constructed from many different materials, including polyester, nylon, polypropylene, cotton, leather.
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Drift gillnets - Fishing gear type
The predominant method of capture is by gilling and the nets are thus highly size-selective for the target species. A fleet of drift gillnets can be over 10km ...
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Mesh size regulation and its role in fisheries management
This paper is concerned with the principles of mesh regulation, its role in fisheries management and difficulties encountered in its implementation.
[16]
Gillnets and entangling nets - Fishing gear type
Gillnets (any type) can be hauled by hand, at least from shallow or moderate depth, in small-scale fisheries (when the total length of net is not too large).
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Safety Nets for Industrial Use | Safetynet365
Cargo Nets. Transport or cargo nets include load securing nets for cars and tarpaulins for trailers as well as container nets and cargo transport nets.Missing: trapping | Show results with:trapping
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Professional Butterfly and Insect Nets - Educational Science
15-day returnsEducational Science Entomology Store provides a large number of insect and butterfly nets for beginners and professional entomologist alike.
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Cargo Nets - Lift-It® Manufacturing
8-day deliveryWith over 30 years experience in the cargo net, sling and rigging industries, we are your one stop shop for all of your heavy rigging and lifting needs.
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Aug 30, 2024 · Mesh fabrics, also known as netting, can be designed and manufactured in an almost unlimited variety of shapes and sizes with uniform openings.
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Historians debate the origins of lace. Ancient Egyptian burial garb often featured ornamented openwork fabric, and fabrics similar to lace were common ...What is lace fabric? · How is lace fabric made? · What different types of lace...
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Apr 2, 2024 · One of the most effective malaria prevention methods is the use of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) to prevent mosquito bites.
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Bobbinet is a hexagonal-mesh netting fabric, originally of silk, then also of cotton, rayon and (especially) nylon. Uses: Veils, trims, lace grounds, dresses, ...
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It refers to a plane diagram in which the polyhedron edges of a polyhedron are shown, a point set satisfying certain uniformity of distribution conditions.
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... net. In geometry, a net is an unfolding of the polyhedron that consists of a single, simply connected, nonoverlapping polygon made up of faces of the ...
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More importantly, this book presents early examples of polyhedral nets, i.e., polyheda unfolded to lie flat for printing. The image at right is Durer's drawing ...Missing: history | Show results with:history
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Archimedean Solids in the 15th and 16th Centuries - vera viana
Regardless of the possibility that other authors influenced Dürer, his decision to include polyhedral nets in Underweysung der Messung was groundbreaking.
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None
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[33]
Regular Tetrahedron -- from Wolfram MathWorld
The tetrahedron has two distinct nets (Buekenhout and Parker 1998). Questions of polyhedron coloring of the tetrahedron can be addressed using the Pólya ...
[34]
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Can you verify that there are 11 different nets for the cube? In attempting to open a polyhedron by cutting along its edges so as to be able to flatten it out ...
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In this lesson, students learn about industrial engineering and explore designing cardboard packaging nets that can be folded into innovative packages.
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net in nLab
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[PDF] 1 Nets and sequences - Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Definition 1.4. Given a topological space X, a net (Netz) {xα}α∈I in X is a function I → X : α 7→ xα, where (I, ≺) is a directed set. Definition 1.5.
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NET Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
In the context of finance and accounting, net refers to the final amount that remains after deductions have been made, while gross refers to the total amount ...
[39]
Net saving | U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)
A measure of the saving that is available for adding to the nation's net stock of fixed assets or for lending to the rest of the world.
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Definition: Net price is the total price charge for a good or service, after considering any added or subtracted amount. It is the price effectively asked ...
[41]
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In many of the old Dutch books Stevin 's idea of a twofold double entry is men- ... you must reduce the whole account to the net remainder in a single entry in ...
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Net Weight Definition - Nasdaq
The weight of goods being shipped that does not include the weight of wrapping material, container, or other packaging.
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Principal vs Agent, or Reporting Revenue Gross vs Net (IFRS 15)
Jan 15, 2024 · Under IFRS 15, a principal recognises revenue and expenses in gross amounts, whereas an agent merely recognises fees or commissions.
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Net domestic income (NDI) | U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)
The sum of net incomes earned and costs incurred in the production of net domestic product. It is equal to gross domestic income less consumption of fixed ...Missing: definition | Show results with:definition
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What Is Computer Networking? | IBM
A computer network is a system of interconnected devices that communicate and share resources, enabling the transmission and exchange of information.What is computer networking? · Background on computer...Missing: authoritative | Show results with:authoritative
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What Is Computer Networking? - Cisco
Computer networking refers to connected devices, ranging from PCs and smartphones to doorbells and thermostats, that communicate with one another.
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What is a Computer Network? | Definition from TechTarget
Mar 28, 2023 · A computer network is a group of interconnected nodes or computing devices that exchange data and resources with each other.How Does A Computer Network... · Core Components Of A... · Types Of Computer Networks
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History of Computer Networking | Enterprise Networking Planet
Oct 13, 2022 · In 1983, the 802.3 group released IEEE 802.3 10Base5 Ethernet, which was the first available Ethernet variant that was commercially available. ...
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Milestone-Proposal:Ethernet Local Area Network (LAN), 1973-1985
Mar 30, 2023 · Ethernet wired LAN was invented at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) in 1973, inspired by the ALOHAnet packet radio network and the ARPANET.
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Ethernet Through the Years: Celebrating the Technology's 50th Year ...
IEEE 802.3ae 10 Gigabit Ethernet: introduced 10 Gbps Ethernet, a milestone technology. It supported even faster data transfer and helped to pave the way for ...
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What is Computer Networking? - Amazon AWS
In a working computer network, nodes follow a set of rules or protocols that define how to send and receive electronic data via the links. The computer network ...
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Different Types of Networks: LAN, WAN, MAN & More Explained
Jun 9, 2025 · Explore different types of computer networks: LAN, WAN, MAN and more ... PAN (Personal Area Network); LAN (Local Area Network); MAN ...
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Network types at a glance | LAN, MAN, WAN & GAN - IONOS
Sep 6, 2019 · Personal Area Network (PAN) · Local Area Network (LAN) · Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) · Wide Area Network (WAN) · Global Area Network (GAN).
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9 types of networks and their use cases - TechTarget
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What is the internet? | Definition from TechTarget
Apr 10, 2024 · The internet, sometimes simply called the net, is a worldwide system of interconnected computer networks and electronic devices that communicate with each ...
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History of the internet - YoungWonks
Feb 24, 2025 · By January 1, 1983, ARPANET officially adopted TCP/IP, marking a significant milestone in the brief history of the internet. Expansion and ...
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Tim Berners-Lee wrote the first proposal for the World Wide Web in March 1989 and his second proposal in May 1990. Together with Belgian systems engineer Robert ...Missing: TCP/ IP 1983<|separator|>
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Birth of the Commercial Internet - NSF Impacts
During the 1990s, NSF helped shape the growth and operation of the modern internet, funding the development of the world's first freely available web browser — ...
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Internet Service Provider 3-Tier Model - ThousandEyes
Key Tier 1 ISPs include AT&T, Verizon, Sprint, NTT, Singtel, PCCW, Telstra, Deutsche Telekom and British Telecom. A Tier 1 ISP only exchanges Internet traffic ...
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Usage Statistics of HTTP/3 for Websites, November 2025 - W3Techs
See technologies overview for explanations on the methodologies used in the surveys. Our reports are updated daily. HTTP/3 is used by 35.9% of all the websites.
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IPv6 in 2025 - Transitioning to IPv6 - Cisco Blogs
Oct 31, 2025 · The IPv6 transition has been underway for nearly 30 years, with IPv6 traffic on the Internet now surpassing 50% by all measures [1]. Most ...
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7 Key Fiber Broadband Industry Trends to Follow in 2025
From multi-gigabit speeds to open-access models, smart cities and AI-driven cybersecurity, these are the fiber broadband industry trends to watch in 2025.
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The Internet's Five Critical Properties - Internet Society
The critical properties are the core characteristics that make the Internet unique as a network. Learn more about them.Missing: key features structure
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ITU report details USD 2.6-2.8 trillion cost to connect everyone ...
Sep 1, 2025 · ITU estimates that 2.6 billion people are still excluded from the digital world, with connectivity closely linked to levels of socio-economic ...
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Cost of a data breach: The healthcare industry - IBM
The global average cost of a data breach reached an all-time high of 4.45 million USD in 2023, which is a 15% increase over the past three years.
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The Internet | Encyclopedia.com
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, as the Net was still in its infancy, the fantasy role-playing game of Dungeons and Dragons swept through high schools and ...
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Net Gains: John Alexander Brodie's Sporting and Civic Legacy
Apr 12, 2022 · The goal nets, introduced by Mr. J.A. Brodie of Liverpool, were used, and were considered by the goalkeeper a very useful introduction. With the ...
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https://www.dir.ca.gov/title8/1671.html
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California Code of Regulations, Title 8, Section 1671. Safety Nets.
An approved safety net extending at least 8 feet horizontally from such perimeter and being positioned at a distance not to exceed 10 feet vertically below.
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Sep 11, 2025 · High-strength materials like HDPE and polyester provide reliable protection. Laboratory tests measure the shock absorption and strength of ...
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Hawk-Eye | A global leader in the live sports arena
Since 2001, Hawk-Eye has evolved from a broadcast cricket tool to the leading officiating tech provider, enhancing broadcasts with precise ball tracking and ...Latest News · About · Careers · Data
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These On-Field Sports Technology Advancements Have Changed ...
Oct 24, 2019 · A less complicated, but equally useful piece of tennis tech is the net cord sensor, which detects vibrations in the net, alerting umpires to any ...