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Elastic

Elastic is an adjective describing the property of returning to an original shape after deformation. It may also refer to:

[[Elasticity (physics)]], the measure of an object's or material's resistance to permanent deformation (see [[#Scientific and Technical Meanings|Scientific and Technical Meanings]])
[[Price elasticity of demand]] and [[Price elasticity of supply]], concepts in economics measuring responsiveness to price changes (see [[#Economic Concepts|Economic Concepts]])
A flexible fabric or band used in clothing and other products (see [[#Everyday and Industrial Uses|Everyday and Industrial Uses]])
[[Elastic N.V.]], a multinational technology company specializing in search and analytics software (see [[#Proper Names and Brands|Proper Names and Brands]])

No, wait, instructions say no wikilinks. So adjust. Elastic is an adjective that may refer to: This keeps a brief mention of the company without duplication.

Scientific and Technical Meanings

Elasticity in Physics

Elasticity in physics refers to the property of a material that allows it to undergo deformation under applied stress and subsequently return to its original shape and size once the stress is removed, distinguishing it from plastic deformation where permanent changes occur. This reversible behavior is fundamental to understanding how solids respond to mechanical forces, enabling applications in structures and devices that require resilience. The concept assumes small deformations where the material's response remains linear, a key assumption in classical elasticity theory.^[2] A foundational principle is Hooke's law, which states that the restoring force F exerted by an elastic object, such as a spring, is directly proportional to the displacement x from its equilibrium position and acts in the opposite direction:
F = -k x
where k is the spring constant, a measure of the object's stiffness. This law derives from the assumption of linear elasticity, where strain is proportional to stress within the elastic regime, allowing the force-displacement relationship to be modeled as a straight line on a graph. For continuous materials, Hooke's law generalizes to relate stress and strain tensors, but the simple form applies to uniaxial deformations like stretching.^[3] Stress \sigma is defined as the force F per unit cross-sectional area A:
\sigma = \frac{F}{A}
while strain \epsilon quantifies the relative deformation as the change in length \Delta L divided by the original length L:
\epsilon = \frac{\Delta L}{L}
Young's modulus E, a material-specific constant, relates them in tension or compression via E = \frac{\sigma}{\epsilon}, indicating stiffness; higher values mean less deformation under the same stress. Poisson's ratio \nu describes lateral contraction during axial extension:
\nu = -\frac{\epsilon_{\text{lateral}}}{\epsilon_{\text{axial}}}
with typical values around 0.3 for metals, reflecting the material's incompressibility. Elastic potential energy stored during deformation, for a spring, is given by
U = \frac{1}{2} k x^2
representing the work done to deform the object, which is recoverable upon release. These behaviors hold up to the elastic limit, the maximum stress beyond which deformation becomes permanent, often coinciding with the yield point where nonlinearity begins and plastic flow initiates.^[4]^[2]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]

Elastic Materials and Properties

Elastic materials, particularly elastomers, are polymers renowned for their ability to undergo large deformations and return to their original shape. Natural rubber, composed primarily of polyisoprene, exemplifies this class, exhibiting exceptional elasticity due to its long, coiled polymer chains that straighten under stress and recoil upon release.^[10] Synthetic elastomers, such as neoprene (polychloroprene), mimic and often enhance these properties through tailored chemical structures, providing resistance to oils and weathering while maintaining high extensibility.^[11] The superior elasticity of elastomers arises from cross-linked molecular chains, which prevent permanent flow and enable reversible deformation up to several hundred percent strain.^[12] This cross-linking, often achieved via vulcanization, transforms viscous polymers into resilient materials suitable for demanding applications.^[13] Elastic materials are classified based on their deformation response and recovery characteristics. Ideal elastic materials demonstrate perfect recovery, where strain is instantaneously proportional to stress and fully reversible without energy loss, adhering closely to principles like Hooke's law in the linear regime.^[14] Viscoelastic materials, in contrast, exhibit time-dependent behavior, combining elastic recovery with viscous flow, leading to phenomena like creep and stress relaxation over time.^[15] Anisotropic elastic materials display direction-dependent properties, with elastic moduli varying along different axes due to internal structures like fiber alignments, unlike isotropic counterparts.^[16] Key properties quantify the elastic response under various deformations. The bulk modulus K, defined as K = -V \frac{\Delta P}{\Delta V}, measures resistance to uniform volumetric compression, where V is the initial volume, \Delta P is the pressure change, and \Delta V is the volume change; high values indicate incompressibility, as seen in rubbers.^[17] The shear modulus G characterizes resistance to shear deformation, representing the ratio of shear stress to shear strain, and is crucial for understanding twisting or sliding responses in materials like elastomers.^[18] Temperature profoundly influences elastic properties, particularly through the glass transition temperature (T_g), below which polymers shift from rubbery to glassy states, becoming brittle and losing elasticity. For natural rubber, T_g ranges from -72°C to -55°C, causing stiffening and reduced flexibility at low temperatures, such as below -70°C, which limits its use in cold environments without modifiers.^[19] Fatigue and hysteresis represent practical limitations in elastic materials under cyclic loading. Hysteresis occurs as energy dissipation during loading-unloading cycles, where the stress-strain path forms a loop, and the area enclosed quantifies the lost energy as heat due to internal friction.^[20] In fatigue, repeated cycles lead to progressive degradation, with hysteresis loop area serving as a metric for energy loss and predicting lifespan in applications like seals or tires.^[21] The understanding of rubber elasticity traces to the early 19th century, with Thomas Hancock's innovations in the 1820s enabling practical exploitation through his masticator device, which processed raw rubber into usable forms and revealed its elastic potential for industrial applications.^[22]

Economic Concepts

Elasticity of Demand and Supply

In economics, elasticity of demand and supply measures the responsiveness of the quantity demanded or supplied to changes in price. The price elasticity of demand (ε_d) is defined as the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in price, expressed by the formula:

\varepsilon_d = \frac{\% \Delta Q_d}{\% \Delta P}

where %ΔQ_d is the percentage change in quantity demanded and %ΔP is the percentage change in price.^[23] Similarly, the price elasticity of supply (ε_s) uses the same structure, substituting the percentage change in quantity supplied for the numerator:

\varepsilon_s = \frac{\% \Delta Q_s}{\% \Delta P}

This metric helps economists assess how markets react to price fluctuations, such as those from taxes or subsidies.^[23] Price elasticity of demand is categorized based on its absolute value: elastic if greater than 1 (quantity demanded changes more than proportionally to price, indicating sensitivity), inelastic if less than 1 (quantity changes less than proportionally, showing insensitivity), and unit elastic if equal to 1 (proportional changes).^[24] For instance, necessities like insulin exhibit inelastic demand because consumers continue purchasing despite price increases, whereas luxury items like restaurant meals show elastic demand as buyers reduce consumption readily when prices rise.^[23] Goods like salt are typically inelastic due to their essential nature and lack of substitutes, while vacations are elastic as consumers can forgo them amid price hikes.^[25] Price elasticity of supply follows analogous categories but depends on producers' ability to adjust output. It is often inelastic in the short term for goods like agricultural products, where factors such as fixed land or seasonal constraints limit rapid increases in supply despite higher prices; over longer periods, supply becomes more elastic as firms can invest in capacity.^[23] Production flexibility, including access to inputs and technology, primarily influences this responsiveness.^[26] For finite price changes, economists use the arc elasticity formula to avoid bias from the direction of change, calculating:

\varepsilon = \frac{(Q_2 - Q_1)/((Q_2 + Q_1)/2)}{(P_2 - P_1)/((P_2 + P_1)/2)}

This midpoint method averages the initial and final values for both quantity and price, providing a symmetric measure across two points on the curve.^[27] Key determinants of price elasticity of demand include the availability of substitutes (more substitutes lead to greater elasticity), the time horizon (demand is more elastic in the long run as alternatives emerge), and the proportion of income spent on the good (larger shares, like housing, tend to be more elastic).^[28] These factors explain variations across goods and markets.^[29] The concept of elasticity was formalized by Alfred Marshall in his 1890 book Principles of Economics, where he introduced it as a tool to analyze demand responsiveness, drawing an analogy to physical elasticity but applied to economic variables.^[30]

Measurement and Applications in Economics

In economics, income elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of the quantity demanded of a good to changes in consumer income, calculated as the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in income: \epsilon_i = \frac{\% \Delta Q_d}{\% \Delta I}.^[31] For normal goods, this elasticity is positive, indicating that demand increases as income rises; luxury goods exhibit values greater than 1, such as airline travel where higher incomes lead to proportionally larger consumption increases.^[32] In contrast, inferior goods have negative income elasticities, as seen with used clothing, where rising incomes shift demand toward higher-quality alternatives.^[33] Cross-price elasticity of demand assesses how the quantity demanded of one good responds to a price change in another good, given by \epsilon_{xy} = \frac{\% \Delta Q_x}{\% \Delta P_y}.^[34] Positive values indicate substitute goods, such as Pepsi and Coca-Cola, where a price increase for one boosts demand for the other.^[35] Negative values signal complements, like coffee and cream, where a price rise for one reduces demand for the other.^[36] These elasticities inform key economic applications, particularly in policy and business. In tax incidence, the burden of a tax falls more heavily on the side of the market with lower elasticity; for inelastic goods like necessities, taxes tend to be regressive, as consumers absorb most of the cost rather than reducing consumption significantly.^[37] Businesses leverage elasticity for pricing strategies, setting higher markups on goods with inelastic demand—for instance, if the price elasticity is -1.5, the optimal markup over marginal cost can reach 200% to maximize profits.^[38] In international trade, the elasticity of exports, which measures volume response to price or exchange rate changes, influences trade balances; under the Marshall-Lerner condition, if the sum of export and import elasticities exceeds 1 in absolute value, currency devaluation improves the trade position.^[39] Empirical estimation of elasticities often employs regression analysis on economic data, such as log-log models where the coefficient on the logged independent variable yields the elasticity—for example, a study using U.S. time-series data estimated the short-run price elasticity of gasoline demand at approximately -0.21 to -0.34 for 1975-1980 and -0.03 to -0.08 for 2001-2006, illustrating varying degrees of immediate responsiveness over time.^[40] These methods draw from datasets like household surveys or aggregate consumption figures to quantify behavioral responses.^[41] A notable policy application arose during the 1970s oil crises, where short-run inelasticity in gasoline demand—exacerbated by price controls—led to widespread shortages, as consumers could not quickly adjust driving habits despite supply disruptions from OPEC embargoes.^[42] This underscored the risks of ignoring elasticity in energy policy, prompting shifts toward market-based pricing to encourage conservation over time.^[43]

Everyday and Industrial Uses

Elastic in Textiles and Garments

Elastic in textiles refers to narrow fabric bands composed of rubber threads encased in a covering of knitted yarn, typically ranging in width from 1/8 inch to 3 inches.^[44] These bands provide stretch and recovery, enabling garments to fit comfortably around the body while allowing movement.^[45] Common coverings include polyester, nylon, or cotton yarns, which protect the rubber core from abrasion and environmental damage.^[44] Several types of elastic are used in garments, each suited to specific applications based on stretch properties and durability. Braided elastic, made by braiding yarn around a rubber core, narrows slightly when stretched and excels at gathering fabric, making it ideal for waistbands and cuffs.^[45] Knitted elastic offers greater stretch and recovery due to its looped construction, providing a softer feel without narrowing, which is preferred for leg openings and activewear.^[44] Woven elastic, constructed with a more rigid weave, provides less stretch but maintains its width under tension and resists rolling, offering durability for heavy-use items like belts or supportive undergarments.^[45] The manufacturing process begins with core-spun yarn, where rubber filaments—typically latex or spandex—are extruded and then wrapped or covered by knitting, braiding, or weaving with outer yarns such as polyester or cotton.^[44] This creates a balanced structure that combines the elasticity of the core with the protective and aesthetic qualities of the covering. The material is then heat-set through ironing or controlled heating to fix its dimensions, enhance recovery after stretching, and prevent excessive shrinkage during use.^[46] Production often occurs on specialized machines that ensure uniform tension, with the final product rolled into continuous lengths for sewing integration.^[44] Elastic was introduced to garments in the 1820s, when English inventor Thomas Hancock developed processes to produce elastic straps and fibers from natural rubber, initially for waistbands and suspenders.^[47] This innovation replaced rigid fastenings, improving fit and comfort in clothing. Over time, advancements like Charles Goodyear's 1839 vulcanization process enhanced rubber's durability, while 20th-century synthetics such as spandex expanded its use into modern activewear for enhanced mobility.^[48] Proper care is essential to maintain elastic's performance, as exposure to heat can degrade the rubber core and reduce stretch. Garments with elastic should be washed in cold water on a gentle cycle, ideally in a mesh bag to avoid overstretching, and air-dried in the shade rather than tumble-dried to preserve elasticity.^[49] Avoid bleach, harsh detergents, and dry cleaning, which can weaken the fibers. Elastic may shrink if not pre-shrunk during manufacturing or if subjected to high heat, potentially altering garment fit, while repeated hot washing accelerates loss of recovery properties.^[49] Following care labels helps mitigate these limitations and extends the lifespan of elastic components in textiles.^[49]

Elastic Components in Products

Elastic components are integral to a wide array of consumer and industrial products, providing stretch, resilience, and secure fastening through their ability to deform and return to original shape. These elements, often made from natural or synthetic rubber, enable practical functionalities like binding, shock absorption, and containment in everyday items.^[50] Rubber bands, simple loops of vulcanized rubber, serve as versatile tools for binding and securing objects in home, office, and postal applications. They come in standardized sizes with varying thicknesses and strengths to suit different loads; for instance, size #64 rubber bands measure 3-1/2 inches by 1/4 inch and offer heavy-duty performance with up to 700% elongation for robust bundling tasks.^[50] Bungee cords, consisting of braided elastic cores encased in a protective sheath with metal or plastic hooks at each end, are widely used to secure loads on vehicles, trailers, and cargo without knots. Their design allows for significant stretch, enabling shock absorption during transport, which helps dampen vibrations and prevent shifting of items like tarps or equipment.^[51]^[52] Beyond these, elastic components appear in personal accessories such as hair ties and ponytail holders, which are small loops that securely gather and hold hair without slippage due to their high elasticity. Elastic straps integrated into luggage systems provide adjustable compression to connect bags or prevent contents from shifting during travel for secure handling.^[53]^[54] In recreational contexts, elastic loops form the basis of games like Chinese jump rope, where long, stretchy bands—typically 16 feet or more—are used by players to create patterns for jumping exercises that enhance coordination.^[55] In industrial settings, elastic materials contribute to suspension systems in vehicles and machinery, where rubber springs or mounts absorb impacts and isolate vibrations for smoother operation. Similarly, elastomeric seals and gaskets in mechanical equipment prevent fluid leaks, maintain pressure, and protect against contaminants in applications like hydraulic systems and engines.^[56]^[57] Safety is paramount with elastic components, as their breaking strength—often rated with a safety factor of at least 5 for bungee cords—must exceed applied loads to avoid sudden failure. Over time, exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause degradation in natural rubber variants, leading to reduced elasticity, cracking, and potential breakage, necessitating regular inspection and replacement for prolonged use.^[58]^[59]

Proper Names and Brands

Elastic N.V. Company Overview

Elastic N.V. is a multinational software company specializing in search and analytics technologies, founded in 2012 in Amsterdam, Netherlands, by Shay Banon. The company was established to commercialize Elasticsearch, an open-source search engine that Banon had initially developed in 2010 as a personal project to power search functionality for his wife's cooking website. In 2014, Elastic established its principal executive offices in Mountain View, California, to better access the U.S. technology ecosystem and talent pool, while maintaining its legal headquarters in Amsterdam and a significant presence in Europe.^[60] Elastic operates on a freemium business model, offering its core software products as open-source downloads for free while generating revenue through enterprise-grade subscriptions that provide advanced features, support, and cloud-hosted services. This approach has driven substantial growth, with the company's fiscal year 2023 revenue reaching $1.07 billion, marking a 24% increase from the previous year and reflecting strong adoption in sectors like security, observability, and search.^[61] Key milestones include the pre-company launch of Elasticsearch in 2010, which laid the foundation for the broader Elastic Stack, and the company's initial public offering (IPO) on the New York Stock Exchange in October 2018 under the ticker symbol ESTC, raising $252 million.^[62] By 2025, Elastic has expanded its offerings to emphasize cloud-native solutions, enabling scalable deployment across hybrid and multi-cloud environments. For fiscal year 2025, Elastic reported revenue of approximately $1.66 billion (midpoint of guidance), continuing strong growth.^[63] As of fiscal year 2024, Elastic employs 3,187 people across more than 35 countries, with a diverse workforce supporting global operations and innovation in areas like artificial intelligence integration for search.^[64] The company has faced notable controversies, particularly in 2021 when it changed the licensing of Elasticsearch and Kibana from the Apache 2.0 License to the Server Side Public License (SSPL) and its proprietary Elastic License, citing concerns over large cloud providers offering managed services without contributing back to the open-source community. This shift aimed to protect the project's sustainability but drew criticism from some in the open-source ecosystem for potentially limiting adoption.

Key Products and Technologies

Elastic N.V.'s flagship product is Elasticsearch, an open-source distributed search and analytics engine built on Apache Lucene.^[65] It enables full-text search capabilities, including fuzzy, semantic, and precise queries with filters, ranking, and reranking for relevance, while supporting real-time aggregations to transform high-cardinality data instantly.^[65] Designed for scalability, Elasticsearch operates from single laptops to clusters of hundreds of nodes, handling petabytes of data in on-premises, cloud, or serverless environments, making it suitable for applications in e-commerce product discovery, AI-driven search, log analytics, and security information and event management (SIEM).^[65] The Elastic Stack, commonly known as the ELK Stack, integrates Elasticsearch with complementary tools for comprehensive data pipelines. Logstash serves as a data processing pipeline that collects, transforms, and enriches logs and events before ingestion into Elasticsearch, centralizing disparate data sources for analysis.^[66] Kibana provides an extensible visualization interface for creating dashboards, charts, and time-series explorations, enabling users to query and report on data stored in Elasticsearch.^[66] Lightweight agents called Beats further enhance the stack by shipping data from endpoints, servers, and applications directly to Logstash or Elasticsearch, supporting use cases in logging, monitoring, and analytics across IT operations.^[66] Elastic offers enterprise-grade extensions built on the core stack, including solutions for security and observability. Elastic Security delivers AI-driven next-generation SIEM, extended detection and response (XDR), and endpoint protection, unifying threat detection, investigation, and response across endpoints, cloud environments like AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud, and ecosystems with cross-domain correlation and automated triage.^[67] For observability, Elastic APM (Application Performance Monitoring) leverages OpenTelemetry for tracing application performance without proprietary agents, complemented by infrastructure monitoring for 400+ integrations, log analytics with ES|QL querying, and AIOps for anomaly detection and root cause analysis to optimize digital experiences and reduce costs by up to 65% through data compression techniques.^[68] Deployment options include self-managed installations for customized control over updates and scaling, alongside Elastic Cloud, a fully managed service available in over 50 regions on AWS, Google Cloud, and Microsoft Azure, with serverless options that automate sharding and upgrades under a 99.95% uptime SLA.^[69] These integrate seamlessly with major cloud providers, allowing hybrid or multi-cloud setups. Elasticsearch and the Elastic Stack have seen widespread adoption, powering real-time insights at scale for companies like Netflix, which deploys hundreds of clusters for log analysis and machine learning recommendations, and Uber for monitoring and search functionalities.^[70] The technology holds a leading position in the market, with Elasticsearch capturing approximately 32% share in hosted search solutions and ranking among the top 10 most popular databases globally.^[71]^[72]

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The 7 Best Luggage Straps of 2025, Tested and Reviewed
Jul 3, 2025 · We tested the best luggage straps of 2025 for durability, ease of use, and value. These are the top picks for securing and identifying your ...Top Picks · Reviews · Our Testing Process · Tips for Buying
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Suspension elastic components maintenance ... - ronyu-china.com
Mar 1, 2022 · The elastic components used by the suspension are leaf spring, spiral spring, torsion bar spring, air spring, oil spring, rubber spring and so on.
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Applications and Features of Rubber Components: Complete Guide
Aug 13, 2025 · Rubber components such as seals, gaskets, and diaphragms are essential for maintaining the safety and functionality of pipelines, valves, and ...
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Rule 901:9-1-29 | Bungee cord specifications. - Ohio Laws
Bungee cords must have a minimum safety factor of 5, max G-force of 4.5 (waist/chest) or 3.5 (ankle), and must be tested to meet these limits. Cords must be ...Missing: elastic rubber bands UV
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How Bungee Cords Work: Understanding Their Strength, Elasticity ...
Natural rubber has a high strength and elasticity but is also quite vulnerable to degradation. ... Polypropylene thread is coated for UV resistance making ...Missing: bands | Show results with:bands
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Elasticsearch: The Official Distributed Search & Analytics Engine
Elasticsearch is an open source, distributed search and analytics engine built for speed, scale, and AI applications.Missing: NV | Show results with:NV
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Elastic Stack: (ELK) Elasticsearch, Kibana & Logstash
Meet the search platform that helps you search, solve, and succeed. It's comprised of Elasticsearch, Kibana, Beats, and Logstash (also known as the ELK Stack) ...Missing: NV | Show results with:NV
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AI-driven security analytics from Elastic Security
Detect, investigate, and respond to threats with an all-in-one solution that unifies SIEM, XDR, and cloud security, all powered by AI. Start free trial.Missing: NV | Show results with:NV
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Full-stack observability solution — built on Elastic's Search AI Platform
### Summary of Observability Features, Including APM
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Elastic Cloud: Hosted Elasticsearch, Hosted Search
including hosted Elasticsearch, hosted app search, and hosted site search — that make it easy to ...Docs · Sign up · Log in to your account · Serverless roadmapMissing: NV | Show results with:NV
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Overview. With 700-800 production nodes spread across 100 Elasticsearch clusters, Netflix is pushing the envelope when it comes to extracting real-time insights ...Missing: case study<|control11|><|separator|>
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Elasticsearch - Market Share, Competitor Insights in Hosted Search
Elasticsearch has market share of 32.02% in hosted-search market. Elasticsearch competes with 3 competitor tools in hosted-search category. The top alternatives ...
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Elasticsearch moved into the top 10 most popular database ...
Elasticsearch was at rank 21 four years ago in our DB-Engines Ranking, and it is now the first search engine in the top 10. search engines popularity