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Ford Transit

The Ford Transit is a versatile range of light commercial vehicles produced by the , encompassing cargo vans, passenger vans, minibuses, chassis cabs, and cutaways, designed primarily for use in transporting and . First introduced in as Europe's first vehicle developed collaboratively across the continent, it originated from Project Redcap, blending designs from 's UK and German divisions to create a forward-control that revolutionized the market with its modular platform and adaptability. Over its six decades, the Transit has earned a reputation as a global workhorse, often called the "Backbone of " in the , where it has been the best-selling for 59 consecutive years, and it continues to dominate markets with advanced features like all-electric options in the E-Transit model. Since its debut on August 9, 1965, at Ford's plant in , , more than 13 million Transits have been produced worldwide, with over 10.1 million built in and alone. Key milestones include reaching one million units by 1976, four million by 2000, and one million in since its 2014 introduction there. The lineup has evolved through multiple generations, starting with the original rear-wheel-drive model and progressing to front-wheel-drive configurations in later iterations, while expanding into variants like the Custom, Tourneo passenger models, Connect, and Courier for smaller needs. Notable special editions, such as the Supervan series used in racing demonstrations, highlight its performance potential, including record-setting laps at the circuit. In its current 2025 form, the Transit offers three main commercial configurations—Cargo Van, Passenger Van, and Cutaway/—available in low-, medium-, and high-roof options with seating for up to 15 passengers or substantial cargo volumes up to 487.3 cubic feet. Powered by choices like the 3.5L PFDi V6 (275 ) or 3.5L EcoBoost V6 (310 ) engines paired with a , it supports payloads exceeding 4,000 pounds and up to 6,900 pounds, enhanced by Intelligent All-Wheel for versatility. The all-electric E-Transit, launched in 2022, provides up to 159 miles of EPA-estimated range (as of 2025) and integrates Pro fleet management tools, including and over-the-air updates, making it a leader in sustainable commercial transport. With production ongoing at facilities in the , , and (via a with since 1997), the Transit remains a of 's commercial portfolio, awarded International Van of the Year multiple times, including in 2020.

Overview

Development and introduction

In the early 1960s, recognized the need for a modern to replace its outdated Thames vans in the UK and models in , as these older designs struggled to meet growing market demands for versatility and efficiency. This initiative, codenamed Project Redcap, was spurred by Henry Ford II's 1961 directive for a unified van policy, aiming to consolidate operations across Ford's British and German divisions into a single pan- product. The project evolved from the Transit as a direct predecessor, addressing limitations in load space and handling that hindered competition against established rivals like the . Development was led by Ford of Britain's team under Chairman Sir Patrick Hennessy and Product Planning Manager Arthur Molyneux, with engineering contributions from Ed Baumgartner, focusing on a to optimize capacity and road performance. Prototyping began in 1961, with three initial models completed by January 1964, undergoing rigorous testing across diverse European terrains including the UK's M2 motorway, Belgian roads, winters, and hills to ensure durability and adaptability. Production started at Ford's plant in , , with the first unit rolling off the line on August 9, 1965. The Ford Transit was officially introduced to the market in October 1965, marking its debut as a revolutionary vehicle with an initial lineup including panel vans, minibuses, and chassis cabs in short- and long-wheelbase configurations. The model received immediate acclaim for its modern design and practicality, quickly establishing itself as Europe's best-selling van and laying the foundation for over 13 million units produced worldwide by 2025.

Significance and market impact

The Ford Transit stands as the world's best-selling van, with over 13 million units produced globally by 2025, a milestone celebrated through its 60th anniversary events including festivals, convoys, and historical showcases across . This enduring success underscores its role as an iconic , initially launched in 1965 to meet the growing demand for reliable light-duty . The Transit's adaptability has sustained its dominance, evolving from a basic cargo hauler to a versatile platform that includes modern electric variants contributing to trends in fleet operations. Economically, the Transit has profoundly influenced Ford's European operations, serving as a of manufacturing and export strategies that support job creation and regional growth. Produced at facilities in the UK, , and beyond, it has historically employed thousands in assembly and supply chains, bolstering Ford's presence as a major employer in the automotive sector. Van-dependent industries, including those reliant on the Transit, generated approximately €1 in economic activity across the and in 2023, highlighting its adaptation for global markets and facilitation of . Culturally, the Transit has permeated media and society as a symbol of European trade and mobility, frequently appearing in films, television, and music as the quintessential workhorse for tradespeople, musicians, and even fictional narratives. Bands have long favored it for touring, while its depictions in shows and movies evoke themes of industriousness and urban hustle, cementing its status as a pop culture staple. This cultural resonance was amplified in 2025 with a Guinness World Records title for the largest parade of vans, involving 201 Transits in the UK. The Transit's accolades further affirm its impact, including multiple International Van of the Year awards—such as in 2001, 2007, and 2024 for the Transit Custom—marking it as the most honored model in the award's history. It also secured the 2025 Commercial Van of the Year title for its reliability and versatility. Beyond recognition, the vehicle has shaped urban by enabling efficient last-mile deliveries and supporting small businesses in trades like and transport, while its adaptations serve services worldwide, from ambulances to relief fleets.

Origins

Taunus Transit (1953–1965)

The Ford was introduced in 1953 as the FK 1000, a rear-engine derived from the Ford Taunus sedan platform and manufactured at Ford's plant in , , primarily for the European market. This model marked Ford's early entry into compact vans, featuring a rear-mounted layout that positioned the over the rear for better cargo space utilization in urban delivery roles. From 1961, it was officially branded as the , reflecting its ties to the Taunus passenger car line. Available in various body configurations, the Taunus Transit included (box truck), pickup (platform truck), (combi), and specialized variants, emphasizing its versatility for commercial and emergency use. Its compact dimensions—approximately 4.2 in length—suited narrow streets, with a of up to 1,000 kg for the base FK 1000 model and 1,250 kg for the heavier-duty FK 1250 variant introduced later. Power came from inline-four petrol engines shared with the Taunus sedan, starting with a 1.2-liter OHV unit producing around 40 hp, upgraded in 1955 to a 1.5-liter version delivering 45–55 hp depending on the configuration. A 1.7-liter option was briefly available toward the end of production for higher-output needs. These modest power figures prioritized fuel efficiency over performance, suitable for light loads but limiting top speeds to about 90 km/h. Over its 12-year run, approximately 255,800 units were produced in Germany, with limited assembly in other European facilities. The rear-engine design, while space-efficient, contributed to handling challenges such as reduced traction on slippery surfaces and a higher center of gravity, which became increasingly apparent as market demands shifted toward more stable front-engine layouts. By 1965, these limitations and the model's outdated technology prompted its discontinuation in favor of a new front-engine Transit, though the Taunus name influenced subsequent model nomenclature.

Predecessors and naming conventions

The development of the Ford Transit van drew from earlier Ford light commercial vehicles in Europe, particularly the British Ford Thames 400E and the German Ford Taunus Transit, which served as parallel predecessors in their respective markets. The Thames 400E, produced from to 1965, was a mid-engined forward-control van designed for urban delivery and small business use, featuring a narrow track and powered by a 1.7-liter or a 1.6-liter option. In parallel, the German Transit, introduced in 1953 as the FK1000 model, offered a similar forward-control layout with a 1.2-liter inline-four , targeting the continental market for cargo and passenger transport needs. These models highlighted Ford's fragmented approach to van production across prior to the Transit's unification, with the Thames emphasizing export capabilities and the Taunus focusing on efficiency standards. The Transit's requirements were also shaped by international competitors and Ford's own American offerings, including the 1961 Ford Econoline van, which introduced a cab-forward design that influenced European thinking on driver visibility and load space optimization. Additionally, the , launched in 1950, set benchmarks for versatile, rear-engined vans that prompted Ford to address shortcomings in payload, durability, and sliding door access—features that enhanced versatility and addressed market demands set by competitors like the . These external pressures, combined with internal Ford analysis, underscored the need for a more unified, competitive vehicle to challenge the VW's market dominance in . The "Transit" name originated from Ford's internal coding for transport vehicles and was first applied in Germany to the Taunus Transit in 1953, initially as a designation for the FK1000 and later Transit 1250 variants before standardizing as Taunus Transit by 1961. In Britain, the name was adopted for the 1965 model after evolving from Project Redcap, reflecting its role as a versatile "transit" solution for goods and people across Europe. Regional variations persisted, such as the "Ford Taunus Transit" in Germany during the 1950s, but post-1965 standardization under simply "Transit" ensured global recognition. This retention across generations maintained brand continuity, leveraging established familiarity to solidify Ford's position in the commercial van segment without the disruption of rebranding.

First generation (1965–1986)

Design and body configurations

The first-generation Ford Transit, introduced in October 1965, featured a front-engined, rear-wheel-drive layout with a forward-control cab, allowing for a compact two-box design that maximized load . It incorporated American-inspired styling with a broad track for improved stability and capacity, built on a conventional with a front . Production occurred at facilities in and (), (), and . Available body styles included short-wheelbase (2,720 mm) and long-wheelbase (3,000 mm) panel vans with payloads ranging from 610 to 1,782 , minibuses, crew cabs, pickup trucks, and chassis cabs for custom conversions. Options encompassed twin rear doors or , sliding or slam cab doors, and an optional side loading door for easier access. A 1971 update modernized the grille for a more car-like appearance, while a 1974 addition introduced a 1,000 payload long-wheelbase model with single rear wheels. Innovations at launch included a printed circuit instrument panel, optional steering lock, and seatbelt anchor points. Overall length varied from approximately 4.1 m to 4.7 m, with heights around 2.0 m for standard roofs.

Powertrains

The first-generation offered a selection of petrol and engines, paired primarily with four- or five-speed manual transmissions and . An optional C3 three-speed became available later in the production run. for petrol models was around 20–25 (), with diesels improving to 30 () or better. Braked towing capacity reached up to 2,000 depending on configuration. Petrol engines initially drew from the Taunus V4 family: 1.3 L (50 PS), 1.5 L (60 PS), and 1.7 L (74 PS), followed by V4 variants of 1.7 L (86 PS) and 2.0 L (91 PS). Higher-performance options included a 3.0 L V6 (117 PS) for applications like ambulances, and a 3.3 L inline-six (101 PS) exclusive to from 1973. These compact V4 designs minimized bonnet length, though diesel variants required a slightly longer hood. Diesel power came from a 1.6 L (1,763 cc) 4.99 inline-four (44 ) at launch. In 1972, introduced its own diesel: a 2.4 L inline-four rated at 55 for short-wheelbase models and 62 for long-wheelbase versions, offering improved reliability over the .

1978 facelift

The 1978 facelift, introduced in August 1977 and known as the , featured a restyled with a longer, streamlined bonnet to accommodate inline engines, rectangular square headlamps, and a black louvred grille inspired by contemporary passenger cars like the Cortina. The body shell from the A-pillar rearward remained unchanged, ensuring compatibility with existing body conversions. New tail lights included rubber buffers for durability during loading. The interior adopted a more car-like feel with a dashboard, full instrumentation from models like the and Cortina (including an optional ), and repositioned seating for better . Enhanced insulation reduced noise, and controls such as indicator stalks were standardized from Ford's passenger lineup. Optional equipment added wood-grain trim, a radio, and headlights. Mechanically, the facelift phased out the Essex V4 petrol engines in favor of inline-four overhead-cam units from the Pinto family: 1.6 L (52 kW/70 PS) and 2.0 L (57 kW/76 PS). A 3.0 L V6 remained for specialized high-power needs. The diesel was updated to a 2.5 L direct-injection version producing 68 PS, delivering up to 24% better fuel economy than the previous unit, with glow plugs for cold starts. tweaks improved maintenance, such as access holes in brake drums and a removable plate, supporting payloads up to 1,250 kg. Braking combined servo-assisted front discs with rear drums. These changes, along with the optional automatic and enhanced heater system, extended production until 1986, with over two million units built by the decade's end.

Second generation (1986–2000)

Design and body configurations

Codenamed VE6, the second generation Transit platform was introduced in January 1986 with an all-new "one-box" bodyshell design, characterized by a steeply raked and integrated hood for improved and a lower compared to the first generation. The featured a ladder frame with fully independent front suspension on short-wheelbase (SWB) models and a live rear with leaf springs across the range. Designed by Uwe Bahnsen, it emphasized greater payload capacity, with maximum loads up to 1,500 kg, and better through reduced weight and wind resistance. Body configurations were diverse to meet commercial demands, including 3- or 4-door panel vans in SWB (2,820 mm ) and long-wheelbase (LWB, 3,000 mm) variants, 2-door pickups, 4-door minibuses (seating up to 12), 4-door crew cabs, 2-door chassis cabs for custom bodies, and 2-door or box van options. Standard roof height was 1.9 m, with high-roof versions available for increased cargo volume up to 8.4 m³ in LWB high-roof models. In total, 37 different body variations were produced, including special conversions like ambulances and vans.

Powertrains

Powertrains for the second generation largely carried over from the first but were updated for reliability and efficiency, with all models using . Petrol engines included the 1.6 L OHC inline-four (48 kW / 65 , 63 hp) and 2.0 L OHC inline-four (55 kW / 75 , 74 hp), suitable for lighter duties. From 1989, a 2.9 L V6 EFI (104 kW / 141 , 140 hp) was offered for higher performance applications, replacing the 3.0 L V6. In 1994, the 2.0 L DOHC inline-four (85 kW / 115 , 113 hp) from the was introduced. Diesel options centered on the 2.5 L inline-four direct-injection (DI) engine, available in naturally aspirated tunes of 51 kW (69 hp / 70 PS) or 56 kW (76 hp / 76 PS), and turbocharged versions starting at 63 kW (85 hp / 85 PS) in 1989, progressing to 73 kW (99 hp / 100 PS) by 1993. A 2.5 L intercooled turbo diesel (85 kW / 115 PS, 113 hp) was added in 1998 for Euro 2 compliance. These engines provided torque from 160–310 Nm, emphasizing low-end pull for loads. Transmissions were 4-speed or 5-speed manual gearboxes, with the 5-speed standard on most models from 1986 for better economy (up to 10% improvement). No automatic was offered. Fuel consumption for diesels ranged from 8–10 L/100 km (28–35 mpg US) combined, depending on load and variant, with braked towing up to 2,000 kg.

Facelifts (1992 and 1994)

The 1992 facelift for the second-generation Ford Transit, introduced in October 1991, brought subtle external styling revisions including a new grille design, rounder inner edges on the composite headlights, and an altered front wing profile to modernize the appearance while maintaining the core one-box design. Mechanically, it featured a redesigned underbody that was stronger yet lighter and more economical to produce, narrower wheel arches to maximize loadspace for standard pallets, and the elimination of twin rear wheels on long-wheelbase models for improved payload efficiency. Optional (ABS) became available, and options were upgraded to include turbocharged variants delivering 80 or 100 for better performance and efficiency. These changes also extended fully independent front across the entire range, enhancing ride quality and handling compared to the original 1986 setup. The 1994 facelift represented a more substantial mid-cycle refresh, debuting in September with an updated front end featuring an oval-shaped grille that echoed the styling of contemporary Ford passenger vehicles like the Scorpio. Inside, the cab received a complete overhaul with a new dashboard layout, a more powerful heater for improved climate control, and extensive soundproofing that reduced cabin noise by approximately 5 dB—perceived as a 70% improvement. Higher-specification trims introduced luxury-oriented features such as power windows, central locking, electrically adjustable door mirrors, optional air conditioning, and driver/passenger airbags, alongside enhanced security options including perimeter alarms and passive anti-theft systems. On the powertrain side, a new 2.0 L DOHC petrol engine was added, borrowed from the Ford Scorpio, while diesel refinements included the 2.5 L direct-injection (DI) turbocharged unit producing 115 hp, which ensured compliance with the newly mandated Euro 1 emissions standards for light commercial vehicles. These facelifts collectively addressed evolving regulatory demands, customer preferences for comfort and safety, and competitive pressures from rivals like the front-wheel-drive Volkswagen Transporter, helping to prolong the second-generation Transit's market dominance as Europe's best-selling van until the third generation arrived in 2000.

Third generation (2000–2013)

Design and body configurations

The third-generation Ford Transit, launched in July 2000, represented a major redesign with a modern "one-box" body style, wider stance (2,010 mm exterior width), and increased interior space compared to the second generation. Built on a ladder frame chassis, it featured independent front suspension with MacPherson struts and a live rear axle with leaf springs for rear-wheel-drive models. Body configurations included panel vans, minibuses (up to 12 seats), chassis cabs for conversions, dropside pickups, and tippers, catering to diverse commercial needs. Wheelbases measured 2,835 mm (short) for compact models and 3,300 mm (long) for extended variants, with roof heights available in low (overall height ~1,984 mm) and high (~2,538 mm) options, enabling maximum cargo volumes of up to 9.5 m³ in the long-wheelbase high-roof van. Payload capacities ranged from 800 kg to 1,500 kg depending on gross vehicle weight (2,800–3,500 kg GVW) and configuration. Safety features included optional (ABS) and driver , with rating introduced later in the generation. This model was produced at Ford's plant in the UK and other global sites, with over 5 million units built by the end of production in 2013, earning it the International Van of the Year award in 2001. The 2006 facelift retained core body configurations but refined ergonomics and added front-wheel-drive options for improved urban handling.

Powertrains

The third-generation Ford Transit (2000–2013) offered a range of powertrains emphasizing engines, with common-rail introduced in 2002 via the Duratorq TDCi family to meet evolving emissions standards like Euro 3 and later Euro 4. Petrol options were limited to select markets. Engines were primarily paired with five- or six-speed manual transmissions, with automatics available on some higher-output diesels from the mid-2000s. Petrol power was provided by the 2.3-liter Duratec inline-four engine, producing 143 horsepower (107 kW) and 210 Nm of torque at 3,850 rpm, mated to a five-speed manual; it was mainly for markets like Australia and Asia for lighter duties. A 2.0-liter petrol option (around 90–100 kW) was also available early on. Diesel options focused on the Duratorq family with common-rail direct injection for efficiency gains over prior indirect systems. Pre-2006 models primarily used the 2.4-liter Duratorq TDdi inline-four (75–85 kW, up to 300 Nm). From the 2006 facelift, the 2.2-liter Duratorq TDCi inline-four was introduced (85–100 hp/63–74 kW initially, later up to 135 hp/100 kW and 375 Nm), especially for front-wheel-drive variants, while the 2.4-liter Duratorq TDCi offered 100–140 hp (74–103 kW) and up to 375 Nm; a bi-turbo 2.4-liter version (150 hp/110 kW) arrived in 2007 for better low-end torque. A 2.0-liter TDCi (74–96 kW) was available in some configurations. These complied with Euro 4 by 2006 and Euro 5 later. Transmissions included five- or six-speed manuals, with six-speed standard on most 2.4-liter models for better economy. A five-speed automatic was optional from on select diesels. Drivetrains were standard for capacity, with added in for maneuverability; all-wheel drive was limited to specific models. Fuel efficiency for diesels ranged from 25 to 35 (UK) combined, with later common-rail models achieving the upper end via ECOnetic features. Braked towing capacity reached up to 3,500 kg when equipped.

2006 facelift

The 2006 facelift of the third-generation , introduced in July 2006, brought significant updates to maintain competitiveness in the light commercial vehicle market, including revised styling and enhanced functionality while building on the established rear-wheel-drive platform. This refresh addressed evolving customer demands for improved safety, efficiency, and comfort, extending the model's lifecycle until 2013. Exterior revisions focused on a modernized front , featuring a bold three-bar grille with a prominent 9-inch Ford oval badge and more vertical headlamps for better visibility and a contemporary appearance. The rear end received updated lights and bumpers to enhance durability and aesthetics, complemented by new color options and wheel designs that offered greater customization for fleet operators. These changes improved the Transit's aerodynamic profile slightly without altering the core body configurations. A key drivetrain innovation was the addition of a front-wheel-drive (FWD) option across various models, providing superior traction in slippery conditions and easier urban maneuverability while retaining the traditional rear-wheel-drive (RWD) setup for heavy-duty applications. The updated lineup included refined Duratorq TDCi engines in 2.2-liter and 2.4-liter displacements, paired with five- or six-speed transmissions, all designed for smoother performance. Interior enhancements emphasized driver , with a completely redesigned , new switches, , and instrument cluster for clearer readability and reduced fatigue on long hauls. connectivity became available for hands-free phone integration in higher trims, alongside improved loadspace lighting to aid loading in low-light conditions. The gear lever's relocation to the facilitated better walk-through between seats. To meet stricter environmental regulations, all engines complied with Euro 4 emissions standards at launch, with subsequent updates achieving Euro 5 compliance, which supported longer service intervals up to 15,000 km and contributed to the model's sustained popularity. This facelift enabled production to continue until 2013, during which over 1.8 million units were built, underscoring the Transit's enduring reliability.

Fourth generation (2014–present)

Design and body configurations

The fourth-generation Ford Transit, launched in 2014, employs a unibody with hydroformed structural elements, such as a cross-vehicle beam, to enhance rigidity while optimizing . The integrates aluminum components, including the and composite bulkhead, alongside high-strength , achieving weight savings of up to 200 kg in configurations like the skeletal compared to prior models. Wheelbases span 3,300 mm to 3,750 mm, with extended options up to 4,525 mm for variants, supporting flexible sizing. Available in cargo van, passenger van, cutaway chassis, and formats suitable for conversions, the Transit offers versatile body styles tailored to commercial needs. Roof heights include medium, high, and super-high options, providing load volumes up to 20% greater in taller variants for bulky cargo. This segment-specific architecture shares platform elements and components with the mid-size Transit Custom, facilitating efficient manufacturing and technology integration. Key features emphasize safety and usability, with advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) such as lane-keeping aid, , and pre-collision assist available across trims. A 360-degree camera system enhances maneuverability in tight urban environments. Overall dimensions extend to a maximum length of 6.7 m in extended-wheelbase models, with heights reaching 2.8 m in super-high roof setups; payloads vary from 1,000 kg to 1,900 kg based on gross vehicle weight rating and . The 2020 facelift refined exterior with updated styling while retaining core body configurations.

Powertrains and chassis

The fourth-generation Transit employs a steel unibody construction for its cargo and passenger van variants, offering enhanced rigidity and reduced weight compared to predecessors. and cutaway models utilize a ladder-frame with integral mounting points to support custom body installations. The front features independent MacPherson with a stabilizer bar and gas-pressurized shocks for improved handling and ride comfort. The rear consists of a solid axle supported by leaf springs and gas-pressurized shocks, providing durability for heavy loads. Powertrain offerings differ by region to meet market demands. In , primary options include the 3.5L PFDi V6 petrol engine, producing 275 horsepower at 6,250 rpm and 260 lb-ft of torque at 4,000 rpm, or the turbocharged 3.5L EcoBoost V6 with 310 horsepower at 5,000 rpm and 400 lb-ft at 2,500 rpm. A 3.2L Power Stroke I5 turbodiesel was offered from 2015 to 2016, delivering 185 horsepower and 350 lb-ft of torque. In and other markets, diesel engines predominate, such as the 2.0L EcoBlue I4 (introduced in 2016) with power outputs ranging from 105 to 170 PS (approximately 104 to 168 horsepower), and the earlier 3.2L Duratorq I5 at 185 horsepower. All models pair engines with automatic transmissions: a 10-speed SelectShift unit in current North American variants and some global configurations, or six-speed automatics in earlier and other diesel setups. is standard in North American models, while is standard in and other markets, with optional intelligent all-wheel using an mechanism available where applicable for better traction in adverse conditions. Maximum capacity stands at 6,900 pounds for North American RWD models with the EcoBoost engine, or up to 3,500 kg in braked configurations. Diesel powertrains achieve representative real-world of 18–25 in mixed driving, supported by standard auto start-stop technology and in mild-hybrid and AWD variants to recapture energy and reduce consumption. The facelift refined these systems with updated EcoBlue diesels and enhanced AWD integration for improved efficiency.

2020 facelift and updates

The 2020 facelift for the fourth-generation Ford Transit introduced a refreshed front fascia, featuring a bolder design with a new three-bar grille that echoed styling cues from the smaller Transit Custom model. This update aimed to give the van a more modern and aggressive appearance while maintaining its practical proportions. Available high-intensity discharge (HID) headlamps were added as an option, improving nighttime visibility and energy efficiency over previous halogen setups. New wheel designs in 17- and 18-inch sizes were also offered, providing enhanced aesthetics and optional all-terrain capability for select configurations. Inside, the facelift brought significant technology enhancements, starting with the integration of the SYNC 3 infotainment system on an available 8-inch touchscreen, supporting Apple CarPlay and for seamless connectivity. Subsequent updates in 2022 expanded this to the more advanced SYNC 4 system, featuring a larger 12-inch display with capability and improved voice recognition. Wireless charging became an available option via a Qi-compatible pad in the center console, allowing compatible smartphones to charge without cables. Additionally, a configurable digital instrument cluster—up to 8 inches in size on higher trims—offered customizable displays for navigation, fuel economy, and vehicle status, enhancing driver focus and information access. Mechanically, the refresh focused on efficiency and compliance, with European models updated to meet Euro 6d emissions standards through updated 2.0-liter EcoBlue single-turbo engines, offering up to 170 PS (168 horsepower) and 390 Nm (288 lb-ft) of torque while reducing output. North American variants retained pre-2020 powertrains like the 3.5-liter V6 but added a new port- and direct-injected 3.5-liter PFDi V6 for better performance and fuel economy. (NVH) levels were improved via refined engine mounts and acoustic insulation in the cabin, contributing to a quieter ride. An optional Pro Power Onboard generator system, providing up to 2.4 kW of onboard power from the or , was integrated into select configurations starting in later years, supporting tools and devices on job sites. These updates coincided with the development of the all-electric E-Transit variant, launched in as part of the lineup's push. By 2025, the Transit marked its 60th with global celebrations highlighting over 13 million units produced since 1965, though no dedicated special editions with unique badging or limited colors were introduced—instead, new trade-focused packages and enhanced connectivity features were added to commemorate the milestone.

Production in China

Second-generation models (1997–2017)

The second-generation entered production in in December 1997 through a between and Corporation (JMC), established in August 1995 to localize manufacturing of the popular European van design. Initial vehicles were assembled at JMC's facility using complete knock-down kits imported from Ford's European operations, allowing for gradual and adaptation to production standards. This marked Ford's first major commercial vehicle project in the country, aimed at capturing the growing demand for light-duty vans in urban and small business transport. To suit China's diverse road conditions and market requirements, the JMC-built incorporated several local adaptations, including a reinforced for enhanced durability on uneven and rural surfaces, along with a maximum capacity of up to 1,200 kg to support heavy-duty applications like hauling and shuttles. These modifications prioritized reliability and cost-effectiveness for domestic users, while maintaining the core body configurations of short- and long-wheelbase vans, cabs, and minibuses. The model paralleled the European second-generation in its overall architecture but was tuned for lower-cost operation in emerging markets. Early options included a 2.4L from (~108 hp) and a 2.8L (JMC/, ~116 hp) for broader accessibility, emphasizing and simple maintenance in line with local infrastructure. The nameplate was applied in 2017 as a rebrand after phasing out branding, retaining the 2.8L for continued local sales emphasizing fleet-oriented updates. Production of the second-generation model ended in 2017 as JMC shifted to newer platforms, including the of the third-generation model in 2008 for gradual replacement.

Third-generation models (2008–2023)

The third-generation Transit was introduced in in 2008 through the Corporation (JMC), 's partner, under the Transit branding. This model adopted a unibody construction with , produced at JMC's facility in , and offered versatile body configurations including cargo vans and passenger variants, tailored for commercial applications like and shuttle services. Powertrain options emphasized diesel engines suited to China's regulatory and operational needs, including 2.0-liter and 2.2-liter Duratorq TDCi units delivering 95 to 130 horsepower, paired primarily with five- or six-speed manual transmissions for reliable performance. An optional (CNG) variant was available to support lower-emission urban operations, reflecting growing demand for alternative fuels in commercial fleets. These setups provided torque outputs around 250-310 , balancing capacity—up to 1,200 kg—with fuel economy for short-haul . In 2021, JMC launched the Ford Transit Pro as a mid-cycle refresh, introducing a bolder front grille inspired by contemporary Ford styling, along with a seven-speed dual-clutch automatic transmission option for smoother shifts and improved drivability. Enhanced advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), such as adaptive cruise control and collision mitigation, were integrated to meet evolving safety standards and appeal to professional drivers. Available in seating configurations from 3 to 15 passengers, the Pro variant maintained the core unibody platform while boosting interior comfort with updated multimedia interfaces. Production of the third-generation Transit concluded in 2023. Its emphasis on practicality and adaptability influenced successor models in the region.

Current models (2021–present)

The latest Ford Transit variants produced for the Chinese market by Corporation (JMC) since 2021 include the (based on third-generation platform) and the Transit T8 (on new Qingtian architecture), catering to domestic and passenger needs while supporting regional exports, contributing to JMC's role in broader global Transit sales through markets. The 2022 JMC is an extended-wheelbase and designed for and mid-range transport, equipped with a 2.0L rated at 146 horsepower and 355 of , paired with a . Its high-roof body provides a volume of approximately 6 m³ in configuration, with overall dimensions of 4,950 mm in length, 1,974 mm in width, and 2,498 mm in height, accommodating up to 6 seats in setups. Introduced in 2023, the Transit T8 serves as JMC's oversized for heavy-duty , stretching up to 9.5 m in length with options of 3,000 mm, 3,300 mm, or 3,750 mm. It features a 2.3L engine from Ford's family, delivering 174 horsepower (128 kW) and 430 Nm of , mated to an 8-speed ; an electric variant adds a motor with a 101 kWh battery. Cargo capacity reaches 15.4 m³ in the long- high-roof version, supporting payloads up to 5.25 tons. Both models adhere to China VI emissions standards for reduced NOx and particulate output, integrate advanced telematics for fleet management and over-the-air updates across powertrain and infotainment systems, and facilitate exports to Southeast Asia for regional commercial applications. Production occurs at JMC's Nanchang Xiaolan plant, with JV capacity exceeding 500,000 units annually as of 2013.

Variants and derivatives

Passenger and utility variants

The Ford Tourneo serves as the primary passenger variant of the , offering family-oriented and shuttle configurations derived from the core cargo platform. The Ford Tourneo nameplate was introduced in 1995, and has evolved to emphasize comfort and versatility for up to 15 occupants in its current fourth-generation model, launched in 2014 and updated through subsequent facelifts. In the fourth-generation Tourneo, seating arrangements feature three rows with configurable options, including fold-flat second- and third-row seats for enhanced flexibility and up to 14,600 liters of volume when rear seats are removed or stowed. Premium trims include , heated seats, and amenities like dual-zone and integrated systems. Power comes from the 2.0-liter EcoBlue in variants producing 105 to 170 horsepower, paired with a six-speed or ten-speed for efficient urban and highway use. The Tourneo Custom, a mid-size sibling introduced in 2012, expands the lineup with similar passenger-focused design for eight to nine seats in short- or long-wheelbase forms. It incorporates advanced features such as hands-free power-sliding side doors, a 360-degree camera with sensors, and optional all-wheel for better traction in varied conditions. From 2024, a option joins the diesel lineup, delivering 232 horsepower and an electric-only range of approximately 32 miles, catering to low-emission shuttle and family transport needs. For utility applications, the Transit Connect provides a compact solution introduced in , ideal for urban delivery with a capacity of up to 1,570 pounds and maximum cargo volume of about 146 cubic feet in extended-length models. Its front-wheel-drive layout and 2.0-liter engine options enable maneuverability in tight spaces, while features like low-load floors and multiple tie-down points support versatile load securing. The subcompact Transit Courier, launched in 2013, further refines urban utility with a redesigned 2024 model offering 2.9 cubic meters of cargo space—a 25 percent increase over its predecessor—and up to 1,882 pounds. Equipped with 1.0-liter EcoBoost petrol or 1.5-liter EcoBlue engines ranging from 100 to 125 horsepower, it includes practical elements like 180-degree rear doors and LED load-area lighting for efficient last-mile deliveries.

Special-purpose variants

The Ford Transit County 4x4 was a rugged off-road variant produced from the 1980s through the 2000s, primarily for rural, agricultural, and emergency applications in the UK. Developed in collaboration with County Tractors of Knighton, Powys, it incorporated a factory-optional four-wheel-drive system based on a modified LT4WD setup with a transfer case, enabling superior traction on uneven terrain. Powered by a reliable 2.5-liter naturally aspirated diesel engine producing around 70 horsepower, the County 4x4 was often configured as a panel van or chassis cab for specialized uses like fire appliances and utility vehicles in remote areas. In 2023, Ford introduced the Transit Trail as an adventure-oriented all-wheel-drive model tailored for off-road exploration and mobile work setups. Built on the fourth-generation Transit platform, it features standard intelligent AWD with selectable drive modes including mud/ruts and slippery conditions, paired with a 3.5-liter EcoBoost V6 engine delivering 310 horsepower and 400 pound-feet of torque through a 10-speed automatic transmission. Off-road enhancements include all-terrain tires on 16-inch black-painted wheels, a 3.5-inch increase in ground clearance to 8.2 inches, front and rear skid plates, and heavy-duty tow hooks, while extruded aluminum roof rails support up to 330 pounds for gear mounting. The Trail shares core powertrain components with standard Transit models but adds reinforced axles and a limited-slip rear differential for enhanced capability in rugged environments. Oversized custom variants like the XXL emerged in the as stretched conversions, extending the to accommodate seating for up to 12 passengers, often for or special events. By the , performance-focused derivatives such as the SuperVan series pushed boundaries with racing-inspired modifications; the SuperVan 3, debuted in 1994, utilized a lightweight carbon-fiber and body on a chassis, powered by a mid-mounted 3.5-liter HB V8 engine producing 650 horsepower at 13,000 rpm. Capable of 0-60 mph in under 4 seconds and a top speed exceeding 150 mph, it served as a promotional showpiece for Ford's engineering prowess rather than production use. Special-purpose conversions also include aftermarket camper vans and armored variants, typically produced in limited runs by third-party specialists. Camper adaptations, such as those by Vandoit or Van Conversions, integrate sleeping platforms, kitchenettes, and systems into the Transit's for overland , often retaining base model powertrains like the 3.5-liter V6. Armored versions, offered by firms like Armored Vehicle Manufacturing, feature ballistic protection up to NIJ Level III+ with reinforced doors and underbody plating for or tactical operations, using engines like the 3.2-liter for balanced payload handling. These niche builds number in the low hundreds annually, emphasizing durability over .

E-Transit

Development and launch

The development of the E-Transit began as part of 's broader strategy, with the company announcing plans for an all-electric version of its best-selling van in April . This initiative fell under 's previously committed $11 billion global investment in electric vehicles, initially outlined in and expanded to support the production of up to 40 electrified models by 2022. The E-Transit was designed to leverage the of the fourth-generation , adapting the proven architecture for battery-electric propulsion to meet growing demand for sustainable fleet solutions. The official reveal of the E-Transit occurred on November 12, 2020, showcasing its role as Ford's first all-electric for the North American market. Production commenced in January 2022 at Ford's Kansas City Assembly Plant in Claycomo, , following a $100 million investment to retool the facility for assembly and create approximately 150 new jobs. In , where the Transit has long dominated the , customer trials with prototype E-Transit vehicles began in mid-2021, involving major fleets to test real-world performance ahead of volume . Initial customer deliveries in followed in spring 2022, marking the vehicle's market entry as a zero-emission alternative tailored for urban logistics. The E-Transit was engineered with a primary focus on enabling zero-emission operations for and fleets, addressing environmental regulations and operational cost savings in densely populated areas. It features a 68 kWh usable pack, delivering a targeted driving range of up to 317 km (196 miles) under the WLTP cycle, sufficient for typical daily routes while supporting fast charging from 15% to 80% in approximately 34 minutes. This configuration prioritizes practicality for commercial users, with the vehicle's development emphasizing seamless integration into existing fleet workflows without compromising the Transit's renowned payload and versatility.

Specifications and features

The Ford E-Transit is equipped with a rear-mounted rated at 198 kW () and 430 Nm () of , delivering instant power for responsive , including 0–60 in approximately 8.4 seconds when unloaded. This powertrain configuration emphasizes efficiency and for urban delivery and commercial use, with as standard. In 2024, the E-Transit received an upgrade to an 89 kWh pack (from the initial 68 kWh), providing up to 159 miles of estimated EPA range in or up to 402 km under the WLTP cycle in , depending on configuration and load. Charging capabilities include DC fast charging from 10% to 80% in 28 minutes using a 180 kW charger, alongside Level 2 AC charging that takes about 6 hours for a full charge. The vehicle also supports Pro Power Onboard, offering 2.4 kW of exportable power to run tools or charge devices directly from the battery. Available in configurations mirroring the internal combustion Transit—such as low, medium, and high roof heights—the E-Transit accommodates payloads from 1,000 to 1,600 kg across its cargo van, , and cutaway variants. Standout features include FordPass Connect, which enables fleet managers to monitor vehicle status, location, and charging remotely via the app; , which recaptures during deceleration to boost efficiency and range; and over-the-air updates for ongoing software enhancements to and systems. The E-Transit shares its body structure with the fourth-generation Transit, facilitating familiar ergonomics and upfit options for commercial operators.

Global production and sales

Assembly locations

The Ford Transit has been produced at multiple global facilities since its debut in 1965, with assembly locations evolving to meet regional demand, right-hand drive specifications, and shifts in manufacturing strategy. Initial production of the first-generation Transit commenced at Ford's facility in , , in 1965, before transitioning to larger sites such as the plant as volume grew. From 1965 to 2014, the in served as a primary hub, producing millions of units until its closure amid overcapacity in the region. Following this, assembly for markets consolidated at the plant in Kocaeli, , which began production in 2001 and expanded its capacity to 330,000 units annually by 2017 to support growing demand. In , production started at the Kansas City Assembly Plant in Claycomo, , in 2014, following a $1.1 billion investment to adapt the facility for the full-size van. The all-electric E-Transit variant is also built there, marking Ford's first U.S. plant for battery assembly and production. Other key sites include the Corporation (JMC) joint-venture plant in , , which has assembled Transit models for Asian markets since 1997. Production strategies have adapted to the electric vehicle transition and trade considerations, including tariffs, with ongoing investments in sites like Kocaeli for electrified models and potential reallocations in .

Sales figures and records

The Ford Transit has achieved cumulative sales exceeding 13 million units since its introduction in 1965, with approximately 10.1 million of those produced in and , representing about 78% of the total and underscoring the model's strong market orientation. sales for the Transit family peaked at nearly 400,000 units in 2015, driven by robust demand in sectors worldwide. Sales by generation highlight the model's enduring popularity, with the first generation (1965–1986) accounting for roughly 1.5 million units sold primarily in Europe. The current fourth generation, launched in 2014, has surpassed 2 million units globally by 2025, including over 1.5 million produced in the United States alone. The all-electric E-Transit, introduced in late 2021, recorded more than 10,000 units in its first full year of availability in 2023 across key markets, establishing it as the segment leader in electric commercial vans. The has maintained market dominance as Europe's best-selling for over 50 years, holding nearly 20% share in the 1-tonne and 2-tonne segments in 2024. In the , it set records as the fastest-selling model, with the Transit Custom variant topping sales charts for 11 consecutive years through 2024 and contributing to the overall family being the UK's top for 59 years. Regionally, North American sales averaged around 150,000 units annually in recent years, with 152,738 units delivered in the United States in 2024. In , sales through the Corporation (JMC) joint venture reached 51,000 units in 2021, supporting steady annual volumes of approximately 50,000 in the local market.

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