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GTR

GTR is an initialism with multiple meanings. The most common include:

[[General relativity|General theory of relativity]] (physics)
[[Nissan GT-R]] (automobile)
[[Govia Thameslink Railway]] (railways)

For other uses in science, medicine, video games, and more, see the sections below.

Transportation

Automobiles

The "GTR" designation in automobiles originated in Japan with Nissan's introduction of the badge on its high-performance Skyline models in 1969, signifying "Gran Turismo Racer" to denote advanced engineering for both road and track use.^[1] This marking evolved into a symbol of engineering excellence, influencing subsequent models across manufacturers by emphasizing grand touring capabilities with racing-derived technology.^[2] The Nissan GT-R stands as the archetypal bearer of the GTR badge, tracing its lineage from the 1969 PGC10 Skyline GT-R, a 2.0-liter inline-six-powered sedan that achieved dominance in Japanese touring car racing.^[2] Subsequent generations, including the KPGC10 coupe (1971) with a 2.0-liter S20 engine producing 160 horsepower, the C110 "Kenmeri" (1973) featuring a 2.6-liter L26 inline-six, and the R32 (1989) introducing the iconic RB26DETT twin-turbo 2.6-liter inline-six at 280 horsepower, solidified its reputation for all-wheel-drive innovation and motorsport success.^[2] The R33 (1995) and R34 (1999) refined this formula with enhanced aerodynamics and power outputs up to 332 horsepower in the V-Spec II, contributing to victories in Japan's Super Taikyu series.^[2] The modern R35 Nissan GT-R, launched in 2007, departed from the Skyline nameplate and adopted an independent platform with the hand-assembled VR38DETT 3.8-liter twin-turbocharged V6 engine, initially delivering 480 horsepower and evolving to 565 horsepower in standard iterations and 600 horsepower in the NISMO variant, such as the 2024 model.^[3]^[4] This powertrain enables 0-60 mph acceleration in under 3 seconds, supported by a dual-clutch transmission and ATTESA E-TS all-wheel drive for exceptional handling.^[3] The R35's motorsport heritage includes multiple Super GT championships and a 2016 Le Mans entry via the GT-R LM Nismo prototype, though production ended in August 2025 after 18 years, marking the close of an era for Nissan's flagship supercar.^[5] Beyond Nissan, the GTR badge appeared on the BMW M3 GTR, a 2001 E46-based homologation special for the American Le Mans Series, retaining the S54 3.2-liter inline-six engine from the standard M3 at 333 horsepower while featuring widened fenders and a prominent rear wing for improved aerodynamics.^[6] Limited to 10 units for road use, it gained cultural prominence through its depiction in the video game Need for Speed: Most Wanted.^[6] In Australia, the 1970s Holden Torana GTR series, part of General Motors-Holden's compact lineup, offered high-performance variants like the 1970 LC GTR with a 2.6-liter inline-six engine producing 127 horsepower, and the LJ GTR XU-1 (1970-1972) with a tuned 3.3-liter inline-six at 190 horsepower, tuned for Bathurst racing dominance.^[7] These models emphasized lightweight construction and rear-wheel-drive agility, with optional V8 upgrades in later concepts reaching 4.2-liter or 5.0-liter displacements for muscle car appeal.^[8] Earlier Japanese examples include the Isuzu Bellett GT-R, introduced in 1969 as a sporty sedan and coupe with a 1.6-liter DOHC inline-four engine (G161W) delivering 120 horsepower, notable for its advanced valvetrain and role in elevating Isuzu's performance credentials during the 1960s compact car boom.^[9]^[10] McLaren adopted the GTR suffix for track-focused evolutions of its hypercars, starting with the 1995 F1 GTR, a racing version of the F1 that secured overall victory at the 24 Hours of Le Mans with a detuned 6.0-liter BMW S70/2 V12 engine rated at 600 horsepower for GT1 regulations, featuring extended bodywork for stability.^[11] The 2015 P1 GTR, a track-only hybrid hypercar limited to 58 units, combined a 3.8-liter twin-turbo V8 with an electric motor for 986 horsepower total output, emphasizing active aerodynamics and a 2.7-second 0-60 mph time.^[12] Building on this, the 2019 Senna GTR, a road-legal track variant of the Senna limited to 75 examples, upgraded the 4.0-liter twin-turbo V8 to 814 horsepower and reduced weight to 2,619 pounds through carbon-fiber enhancements.^[13] Mercedes-AMG introduced the GT R in 2017 as the pinnacle of its GT lineup, a high-performance coupe with a handcrafted 4.0-liter biturbo V8 (M178) generating 577 horsepower and 516 lb-ft of torque, incorporating rear-axle steering and active aerodynamics for superior Nürburgring lap times.^[14]

Railways

Govia Thameslink Railway (GTR) is a British train operating company formed in 2014 as a joint venture between the Go-Ahead Group and Keolis, operating under the UK's privatized rail system established in the 1990s.^[15] It manages the Thameslink, Southern, Great Northern, and Gatwick Express services, providing commuter, regional, and airport rail links across London, the southeast of England, and as far as East Anglia and the south coast.^[15] The franchise for these integrated services was awarded to GTR by the Department for Transport on 23 May 2014, following delays in the bidding process, with operations commencing on 14 September 2014 when it took over from First Capital Connect for Thameslink and Great Northern routes.^[16] In 2022, amid the ongoing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, GTR received a direct-award National Rail Contract from the government, extending operations until at least 1 April 2025 with options for up to three additional years, to support recovery and stability in passenger services.^[17] GTR's network serves approximately 18% of all UK rail journeys, operating over 3,200 services on weekdays and managing 236 of its 320 stations, with a workforce of around 7,400 staff.^[15] Post-COVID recovery efforts have included fleet upgrades, such as the completion of a £100 million refurbishment of 304 Electrostar trains in 2025 to enhance reliability and passenger comfort, and the introduction of an additional 30 Class 379 trains to bolster capacity on Thameslink and Great Northern routes amid rising demand.^[18]^[19] These initiatives align with broader government support through emergency measures and contracts introduced during the pandemic to maintain service levels and facilitate a return to pre-2020 passenger volumes.^[20] As of 2025, GTR continues to integrate with the evolving UK rail framework, with plans for nationalization under Great British Railways scheduled for 31 May 2026, marking the end of its privatized franchise operations.^[21] The Grand Trunk Railway (GTR), a historical Canadian railway, was incorporated in 1852 to construct a line connecting Montreal and Toronto, becoming a key artery for trade and passenger transport in eastern Canada.^[22] Through mergers, including with five eastern railways in 1853, it rapidly expanded, reaching a network of 2,055 kilometers by Canadian Confederation in 1867 and extending southward to Sarnia, Ontario, and across the U.S. border via the International Bridge and St. Clair Tunnel to connect Montreal with Chicago, facilitating cross-border commerce over approximately 842 miles on its premier International Limited route.^[22]^[23] Notable engineering achievements included the Victoria Bridge, a 2,009-meter tubular structure over the St. Lawrence River completed in 1859, which enabled seamless rail traffic between Montreal and the U.S. and symbolized early industrial innovation in North American rail infrastructure.^[22] The Grand Trunk Railway played a pivotal role in Canada's transcontinental expansion ambitions, establishing the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway subsidiary in 1903 to build westward from Winnipeg to the Pacific coast, with the line reaching Prince Rupert, British Columbia, in 1914 despite financial overextension.^[22] This venture, supported by federal guarantees under the National Transcontinental Railway Act, aimed to rival the Canadian Pacific Railway but contributed to the parent company's insolvency amid high construction costs and low traffic.^[24] By 1919, burdened by debts from the Pacific extension, the Grand Trunk was nationalized by the Canadian government on 10 October, operating under temporary oversight until its full merger into the newly formed Canadian National Railways (CNR) on 30 January 1923, which consolidated it with other government-owned lines like the Grand Trunk Pacific and Canadian Northern to create a unified transcontinental network.^[22] The legacy of the Grand Trunk Railway endures in the CNR system, where much of its original Ontario and Quebec trackage remains operational, supporting freight and passenger services that trace back to its foundational role in unifying Canada's eastern transportation corridors.^[22] Similarly, the modern Govia Thameslink Railway reflects ongoing adaptations in privatized rail operations, evolving from the UK's 1997 deregulation to incorporate emergency contracts and sustainability initiatives amid economic recoveries.^[15]

Science

Physics

The General Theory of Relativity (GTR), developed by Albert Einstein in 1915, extends special relativity to incorporate gravity, resolving inconsistencies in Newtonian gravity at high speeds and in strong gravitational fields.^[25] Einstein presented the theory in a series of four papers to the Prussian Academy of Sciences in November 1915, published in the Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, culminating in the field equations that describe gravity as the curvature of spacetime.^[26] This framework revolutionized physics by treating gravity not as a force but as a geometric property of spacetime influenced by mass and energy.^[25] At the core of GTR is the equivalence principle, which posits that the effects of gravity are locally indistinguishable from those of acceleration, implying that gravitational mass equals inertial mass.^[27] This principle leads to the concept of spacetime curvature: mass-energy warps the four-dimensional fabric of spacetime, and objects follow geodesics—the straightest possible paths in this curved geometry—resulting in what we perceive as gravitational motion.^[27] In tensor notation, spacetime is described by the metric tensor g_{\mu\nu}, which encodes distances and angles, while the curvature is quantified by the Riemann tensor R^\rho_{\sigma\mu\nu}, derived from second derivatives of the metric.^[28] The key mathematical expression of GTR is the Einstein field equations, which relate spacetime geometry to the distribution of mass-energy:

\begin{aligned} G_{\mu\nu} &= \frac{8\pi [G](/page/G)}{c^4} T_{\mu\nu}, \end{aligned}

where G_{\mu\nu} = R_{\mu\nu} - \frac{1}{2} R g_{\mu\nu} is the Einstein tensor, R_{\mu\nu} is the Ricci curvature tensor (a contraction of the Riemann tensor), R = g^{\mu\nu} R_{\mu\nu} is the Ricci scalar, T_{\mu\nu} is the stress-energy tensor representing matter and energy, [G](/page/G) is Newton's gravitational constant, and c is the speed of light. To derive these, Einstein sought a tensor equation that is generally covariant (invariant under arbitrary coordinate transformations) and reduces to Poisson's equation \nabla^2 \Phi = 4\pi [G](/page/G) \rho in the weak-field Newtonian limit, where \Phi is the gravitational potential and \rho is mass density.^[28] The Ricci tensor R_{\mu\nu} emerges from contracting the Riemann tensor, ensuring the left side measures curvature, while the Bianchi identities (which imply conservation laws like \nabla^\mu T_{\mu\nu} = 0) fix the constant \frac{8\pi [G](/page/G)}{c^4} for consistency with Newtonian gravity.^[28] GTR's predictions have been rigorously tested. Gravitational lensing, the bending of light by massive objects, was first confirmed during the 1919 solar eclipse expedition led by Arthur Eddington, whose measurements of starlight deflection near the Sun matched Einstein's prediction of 1.75 arcseconds to within experimental error.^[29] The Schwarzschild solution to the field equations, derived by Karl Schwarzschild in 1916 for a spherically symmetric, non-rotating mass, describes the geometry around stars and predicts black holes—regions where curvature becomes infinite at the event horizon, trapping light and matter.^[30] Gravitational waves, ripples in spacetime from accelerating masses, were directly detected by the LIGO observatories on September 14, 2015, from the merger of two black holes 1.3 billion light-years away, matching GTR's waveform predictions.^[31] Frame-dragging, the twisting of spacetime by rotating masses, was verified by the Gravity Probe B mission (launched 2004, results 2011), which measured the geodetic precession and frame-dragging effects on gyroscopes orbiting Earth to 0.28% and 19% accuracy, respectively.^[32] In applications, GTR enables precise corrections in the Global Positioning System (GPS), where satellite clocks run faster by about 38 microseconds per day due to weaker gravity (general relativistic effect of +45 μs/day) outweighing velocity-induced time dilation (special relativistic effect of -7 μs/day); without these adjustments, positional errors would accumulate to kilometers daily.^[33] In cosmology, GTR underpins the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric, modeling the universe's expansion from the Big Bang, where the scale factor a(t) grows with time, consistent with observations of receding galaxies and cosmic microwave background radiation.^[34]

Biology

The General Time-Reversible (GTR) model is a substitution model used in molecular phylogenetics to describe the evolution of DNA sequences by estimating rates of nucleotide substitutions over evolutionary time.^[35] Developed in the 1980s by Simon Tavaré, the model assumes that evolutionary changes are reversible, meaning the probability of a nucleotide changing from one state to another equals the reverse probability when adjusted for base frequencies, allowing for time-symmetric processes without directional bias.^[35] This framework enables the construction of phylogenetic trees by modeling how sequences diverge along branches, providing a foundation for inferring evolutionary relationships from aligned DNA data. The GTR model incorporates six independent substitution rate parameters corresponding to the possible pairwise exchanges between nucleotides: A↔C, A↔G, A↔T, C↔G, C↔T, and G↔T, along with four base frequency parameters (π_A, π_C, π_G, π_T) that account for unequal stationary frequencies of nucleotides.^[35] These parameters allow the model to capture complex patterns of unequal substitution rates and compositional heterogeneity observed in real genomic data, surpassing the assumptions of simpler models that treat all changes equally. At its core, the GTR model relies on a continuous-time Markov chain defined by an instantaneous rate matrix Q, where the off-diagonal elements represent the substitution rates scaled by base frequencies, and the diagonal elements are set to ensure each row sums to zero.^[35] The transition probability matrix P(t), which gives the probability P_{ij}(t) that nucleotide i evolves into j after time t, is computed as P(t) = exp(Q t), typically via matrix exponentiation or eigenvalue decomposition for numerical stability.^[35] In phylogenetic inference, parameters are estimated by maximizing the likelihood of observed sequence data given a tree topology, often using iterative optimization algorithms like Newton-Raphson to fit the model and compute branch lengths.^[36] The GTR model is widely implemented in phylogenetic software such as PAUP* for maximum likelihood tree searches and MrBayes for Bayesian inference, where it serves as the default or most general option for nucleotide data analysis.^[37]^[38] Compared to simpler models like Jukes-Cantor, which assumes equal rates and frequencies, GTR provides superior fit to empirical data by accommodating rate variation, leading to more accurate tree topologies and divergence estimates in complex datasets. For instance, in studies of primate genomes using GTR, phylogenies have helped estimate the human-chimpanzee divergence at approximately 5–7 million years ago.^[39] Despite its flexibility, the GTR model assumes evolutionary stationarity, where base frequencies remain constant over time, which may not hold in cases of compositional shifts.^[35] To address limitations like among-site rate heterogeneity, extensions such as GTR + Γ incorporate a gamma distribution to model variable substitution rates across sites, improving likelihood estimates in diverse genomic alignments as demonstrated in maximum likelihood frameworks.^[36]

Medicine

Dentistry

Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) is a periodontal surgical technique designed to regenerate lost tooth-supporting structures, including cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone, in defects caused by periodontitis. The procedure is based on the principle of selective cell repopulation, where barrier membranes are used to exclude faster-migrating epithelial and gingival connective tissue cells from the wound site, allowing slower-migrating periodontal ligament and bone progenitor cells to repopulate the root surface and defect area. This concept was theoretically outlined in 1976 by Melcher, who proposed that the type of cells repopulating the root after surgery determines the nature of healing, emphasizing the need for barriers to favor regenerative cells.^[40] GTR was introduced clinically in the 1980s as an advancement over traditional resective therapies, aiming for true periodontal regeneration rather than mere repair. The first experimental evidence supporting GTR came from animal studies in the early 1980s, with the initial human application reported in 1982 by Nyman et al., who used a millipore filter to achieve new attachment in intraosseous lesions.^[40] Commercial development accelerated in the late 1980s and 1990s, with FDA clearance for non-resorbable expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membranes, such as Gore-Tex Periodontal Material, granted in 1986 but marketed from the early 1990s; resorbable alternatives followed soon after.^[40] In the 2020s, advancements have incorporated bioactive scaffolds, such as those loaded with growth factors or antimicrobials, to enhance cell migration and reduce infection risks in GTR procedures. GTR techniques typically involve full-thickness mucoperiosteal flap elevation to access the defect, thorough debridement to remove granulation tissue and calculus, placement of a barrier membrane over the defect, and often adjunctive use of bone grafts or enamel matrix derivatives like Emdogain to stabilize the clot and promote regeneration. Membranes are categorized as non-resorbable (e.g., ePTFE, requiring a second surgery for removal) or resorbable (e.g., collagen-based, which degrade naturally over 4-6 weeks). Post-placement, the flap is coronally advanced and sutured to ensure primary closure, with the membrane extending 2-3 mm beyond the defect margins to create an impermeable seal. Clinical outcomes of GTR for intrabony defects demonstrate success rates of 70-90%, defined as significant clinical attachment level (CAL) gain and radiographic bone fill, according to meta-analyses encompassing studies up to 2025. Long-term follow-up (5-10 years) shows stable CAL gains of 3-5 mm in vertical defects, with averages around 3.3 mm per 2025 meta-analysis, and tooth survival rates exceeding 85% in maintained cases.^[41] However, efficacy is reduced by factors such as smoking, which impairs vascularization and healing, leading to 1-2 mm less attachment gain compared to non-smokers. Patient selection is critical, favoring non-smokers with vertical intrabony defects deeper than 3 mm and good plaque control. Complications of GTR include membrane exposure (occurring in 20-30% of cases due to flap tension or poor vascularity), which can lead to bacterial contamination and reduced regeneration, as well as infection or abscess formation in 5-10% of procedures. To mitigate risks, strict postoperative care, including antibiotics and chlorhexidine rinses, is recommended, and exposed membranes may require early removal if infection develops.

Surgery

Gross total resection (GTR) in surgical oncology refers to the complete removal of all visible tumor tissue, as confirmed by postoperative imaging, contrasting with subtotal resection (STR) where residual tumor remains. This approach is particularly critical for primary brain tumors such as gliomas, meningiomas, and glioblastomas, where achieving GTR maximizes cytoreduction and enhances the efficacy of adjuvant therapies like radiation and chemotherapy. In high-grade gliomas, GTR is associated with improved progression-free survival and overall survival compared to less extensive resections, serving as a cornerstone of multimodal treatment strategies.^[42]^[43]^[44] Techniques to achieve GTR have advanced significantly, incorporating intraoperative imaging such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound to provide real-time visualization of tumor margins and residual tissue. Fluorescence-guided surgery, particularly using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), enables surgeons to identify malignant cells that fluoresce under blue light, increasing the rate of complete resections in high-grade gliomas by highlighting infiltrative boundaries not visible on standard white-light microscopy. Neuromonitoring tools, including electrocorticography and direct cortical stimulation, are employed to preserve neurological function during resection, allowing safe removal in eloquent brain areas. Depending on tumor location, GTR rates range from 70% to 90%, with higher success in non-eloquent regions.^[44]^[45]^[46] Evidence from 2020s studies demonstrates that GTR significantly improves survival outcomes in glioblastoma patients compared to STR. For instance, meta-analyses indicate that GTR extends median overall survival to approximately 20 months versus 12-14 months with STR, with optimal extent of resection (EOR) exceeding 95% correlating with the greatest benefit. In elderly patients with high-grade gliomas, GTR has been shown to prolong survival by 4-6 months on average, though it carries risks of neurological deficits in 10-20% of cases, particularly when tumors involve critical structures. These outcomes underscore GTR's role in delaying recurrence and enhancing quality of life when integrated with postoperative therapies.^[47]^[48]^[49] The practice of GTR evolved from rudimentary craniectomies in the late 19th century to modern standards in the 1990s, driven by advancements in neuroimaging like intraoperative MRI that allowed precise tumor localization. By the early 2000s, fluorescence techniques and guidelines from organizations such as the European Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO) formalized GTR as the goal for resectable gliomas whenever feasible, with updates in the EANS-EANO 2025 guidelines emphasizing its integration into multimodal protocols to optimize long-term survival.^[50]^[51] These developments have shifted neurosurgery from palliative debulking to aggressive, function-preserving resections.^[52] Challenges in achieving GTR persist, especially for inoperable tumors in locations like the brainstem, where vital structures limit safe resection and increase risks of severe deficits. As of 2025, advancements in robotic systems, such as AI-assisted navigation with platforms like ROSA, are improving precision for complex neuro-oncologic cases, potentially expanding GTR feasibility in previously inaccessible areas through tremor filtration and magnified visualization. However, high costs and training requirements remain barriers to widespread adoption.^[53]^[54]^[55]

Video games

Racing simulations

GTR – FIA GT Racing Game, released in 2005 by SimBin Studios for PC, is a sports car racing simulator recreating the 2003 FIA GT Championship season.^[56] It features over 50 officially licensed cars from various teams, including models like the Porsche 911 GT3-RS and Chrysler Viper GTS-R, across GT and NGT classes, with realistic physics modeling tire wear, fuel consumption, and damage.^[56]^[57] The game includes 10 real-world tracks from the championship, such as Monza and Donington Park, supporting three difficulty modes: beginner arcade-style, advanced semi-pro, and full simulation.^[57]^[58] Multiplayer allows up to 56 players via LAN or online, emphasizing competitive endurance racing.^[59] The title received critical acclaim for its authenticity, winning PC Gamer US's Best Racing Game of 2005 award.^[60] GTR 2 – FIA GT Racing Game, SimBin's 2006 sequel, expands on the original by incorporating the 2003 and 2004 FIA GT seasons with updated car lineups and liveries.^[61] It introduces a career mode where players progress through team contracts and championships, alongside improved AI that better simulates real racing tactics like overtaking and pit strategies.^[61] Enhanced graphics and dynamic weather effects add to the immersion, while the game's modding support has fostered a lasting community, enabling custom content like additional seasons and vehicles.^[61] Critics praised its refined realism and depth, solidifying its status as a benchmark for PC racing simulations. GTR Evolution, released in 2008 as a standalone expansion to Race 07 by SimBin, shifts focus to the 2008 World Touring Car Championship (WTCC) while retaining GT elements from prior titles.^[62] Built on the Race 07 engine, it offers enhanced visuals and handling, featuring around 49 cars across 12 classes, including WTCC models like the BMW 320si and SEAT Leon TDI.^[63] New tracks such as Brands Hatch join the roster, supporting varied race formats from sprints to endurance events.^[63] The game's active modding scene continues to extend its relevance, with community updates incorporating modern series and tracks as of 2025.^[64] SimBin's GTR series pioneered accessible yet hardcore PC racing simulations, influencing subsequent titles like iRacing through its emphasis on telemetry-based physics and multiplayer endurance racing.^[65] The studio later transitioned toward the Unreal Engine for projects like the planned GTR 3, though development pivoted amid industry changes.^[66] Examples of real vehicles appear in the series' GT classes, bridging virtual and actual motorsport.^[67]

Gaming companies

The GTR Group was a holding company active in the gaming sector during the 1990s and 2000s, with a focus on acquisitions and expansion in peripherals and publishing. It acquired Mad Catz in 2000 to bolster its presence in gaming hardware, particularly for console and PC accessories. The company further diversified by entering publishing, including licensing arrangements for titles under the GTR brand, such as racing games. In September 2001, GTR Group rebranded as Mad Catz Interactive, Inc., and operations continued under this name. Mad Catz developed and produced branded controllers and steering wheels tailored for racing simulations, enhancing immersion in genres like sim racing.^[68]^[69] Following the rebranding, Mad Catz operated independently until filing for Chapter 7 bankruptcy on March 30, 2017, leading to asset liquidation. The company was revived in 2018 under new ownership and remains active as of November 2025, producing gaming peripherals.^[70] GTR Group's efforts played a key role in consolidating the fragmented gaming accessories market in the early 2000s, integrating hardware production with software licensing to support emerging esports and simulation trends. Its contributions helped popularize dedicated peripherals for racing titles, fostering growth in the sim racing niche. Retrospectives highlight GTR's foundational impact, evident in the advanced ecosystems from successors like Logitech and Thrustmaster, which dominate professional-grade wheels and controllers today.^[71]

Other uses

Music

GTR was a short-lived British rock supergroup formed in 1985 by guitarists Steve Hackett, formerly of Genesis, and Steve Howe, previously of Yes and Asia, with the aim of creating a guitar-oriented project blending progressive elements and accessible rock.^[72] The band assembled a lineup featuring vocalist Max Bacon, bassist Phil Spalding, and drummer Jonathan Mover, drawing on their collective experience from acts like Nightwing, Mike Oldfield's band, and Marillion to support the dual-guitar focus of Hackett and Howe.^[73] This configuration debuted with extensive touring in 1986, showcasing their technical prowess in live settings across North America and Europe.^[74] The band's discography centers on their self-titled debut album, GTR, released in May 1986 by Arista Records, which emphasized intricate guitar interplay over keyboards and achieved commercial success by peaking at number 11 on the Billboard 200 chart. The album spawned the hit single "When the Heart Rules the Mind," co-written by Hackett, Howe, and Bacon, which reached number 14 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 3 on the Mainstream Rock chart, highlighting the band's appeal to AOR radio audiences.^[75] Supporting singles like "The Hunter" and "Reach Out (Never Say No)" accompanied a rigorous 1986–1987 tour schedule, but no further studio albums materialized. A live recording, King Biscuit Flower Hour Presents GTR, captured their 1986 performance in Los Angeles and was released posthumously in 1997 by King Biscuit Flower Hour Records, preserving tracks such as "Sketches in the Sun" and covers of Genesis and Yes material.^[76] Stylistically, GTR blended progressive rock's virtuosic guitar work—exemplified by Hackett's atmospheric solos and Howe's fluid phrasing—with 1980s pop-rock production, produced by Yes/Asia keyboardist Geoff Downes, resulting in a sound praised for the seamless Hackett-Howe synergy but often critiqued as overly commercial and diluted from their prog roots.^[77] Reviews highlighted the duo's chemistry on tracks like "Lyin' All the Time," yet noted tensions in balancing artistic depth with market demands, leading to perceptions of the project as a "supergroup novelty" rather than a sustained evolution.^[78] The band disbanded in 1987 amid financial strains, management disputes, and creative differences, with Hackett later describing the venture as a "mistake" that prioritized commercial viability over innovation.^[73] Following the split, Hackett returned to his solo career, incorporating GTR-era guitar techniques into subsequent releases like Wild Orchids (2005), marking an evolution toward more experimental progressive fusion.^[79] GTR's legacy lies in its role within the 1980s progressive rock landscape, where it exemplified the era's supergroup trend and briefly revitalized interest in guitar-driven prog through Hackett and Howe's collaboration, influencing acts blending AOR accessibility with technical flair.^[80] Though short-lived, the band's output contributed to the decade's prog revival by bridging veteran musicians with younger audiences, as seen in its enduring fanbase and reissues. In 2015, Esoteric Recordings issued a deluxe 2CD expanded edition of GTR, newly remastered with bonus live tracks from the 1986 tour, alongside fan-driven remasters circulating online that enhance the original mixes for modern playback.^[81]

Infrastructure

The Grand Trunk Road, one of Asia's oldest and longest highways, originated in the 3rd century BCE during the Mauryan Empire under Chandragupta Maurya as part of the Uttarapatha network, facilitating administrative control and trade across the Indian subcontinent.^[82] Further enhancements were made under Emperor Ashoka, including the addition of rest houses, wells, and tree plantations along the route.^[83] In the 16th century, Sher Shah Suri significantly reconstructed and extended the road during the 1540s, transforming it into a 2,500-kilometer artery stretching from Sonargaon in present-day Bangladesh to Kabul in Afghanistan, complete with milestones (kos minars), caravanserais, and bridges to support military movements and commerce.^[84] This reconstruction marked a pivotal engineering achievement, standardizing the road's width and integrating it into the broader Silk Road network as an eastern extension that linked Central Asian trade routes to South Asia.^[85] In modern India, the Grand Trunk Road corresponds primarily to National Highways 1 and 2 (NH-1 and NH-2 under the old numbering system), spanning approximately 1,500 kilometers from Kolkata to Delhi, as part of the larger historic route of about 2,500 kilometers, and extending toward the Pakistan border, serving as a critical corridor for freight and passenger transport.^[86] Major expansions in the 2000s, funded by the World Bank and India's National Highways Authority, converted significant portions into multi-lane expressways, including four- to six-lane configurations between Delhi and Kolkata to accommodate growing vehicular traffic and boost economic connectivity. These upgrades enhanced trade efficiency, with the road historically functioning as a conduit for goods like textiles, spices, and grains, evolving into a vital link for contemporary logistics in agriculture and manufacturing sectors.^[87] The ensemble of historical sites along the Grand Trunk Road in India, including sarais (inns), forts, gardens, and water structures, was inscribed on UNESCO's Tentative List of World Heritage Sites in 2015, recognizing its cultural and architectural significance spanning Mauryan to Mughal eras.^[84] Preservation efforts focus on mitigating environmental impacts from modernization, such as air pollution from increased traffic and threats to heritage structures like the Taj Mahal near Agra, through measures like emission controls and green buffers implemented during 2000s widening projects. Parallel to the road's legacy, the Grand Trunk Railway in Canada represents another key GTR infrastructure, developed in the 19th century through British engineering initiatives that connected Montreal and Toronto by 1856 with over 2,000 kilometers of track by Confederation.^[88] Iconic features included the Victoria Bridge across the St. Lawrence River, a tubular steel structure completed in 1859 that exemplified advanced bridge-building techniques for the era, facilitating transcontinental expansion and resource transport.^[23] This railway's infrastructure, characterized by heavy investment in durable tracks and bridges following British standards, laid foundational networks later absorbed into Canadian National Railways, underscoring GTR's role in colonial-era connectivity.^[89]

Publications and materials

The General Technical Report (GTR) series, initiated by the USDA Forest Service in the 1970s, comprises a collection of over 10,000 peer-reviewed publications focused on forestry, ecology, and natural resource management, including detailed data, maps, and analyses on topics such as wildfire behavior and ecosystem restoration.^[90] For instance, reports like RMRS-GTR-42 provide comprehensive guidance on fire management strategies, integrating field observations with predictive models to support land managers in mitigating risks. These reports follow a standardized format emphasizing empirical evidence and practical recommendations, and the full series is publicly accessible through the Treesearch database, which as of 2025 includes digitized archives for ongoing research and policy development.^[90] Ground Tire Rubber (GTR), derived from recycled scrap tires through mechanical grinding, consists of fine particles typically ranging from 0.5 to 2 mm in size, enabling its integration into various composite materials.^[91] In road paving applications, GTR is blended with asphalt binders to create rubberized mixtures that enhance durability and reduce tire-pavement noise by 5–10 dB compared to conventional asphalt, as demonstrated in field studies on open-graded friction courses.^[92] Additionally, GTR is widely used in playground surfaces and athletic tracks, where its elastic properties improve shock absorption and safety, with production processes ensuring particle uniformity for consistent performance.^[93] EPA guidelines from the 1990s, including the Scrap Tire Management Handbook, established protocols for safe GTR processing and application, emphasizing leachate testing and environmental controls to minimize contamination risks during recycling.^[94] By 2025, sustainability initiatives have driven annual U.S. recycling of approximately 300 million end-of-life tires, diverting significant waste from landfills and promoting circular economy practices in infrastructure.^[95] ASTM International specifications, such as D6114 for asphalt-rubber binders and D8 for terminology, outline testing methods for GTR incorporation in composites, ensuring properties like elasticity and thermal stability meet engineering requirements for applications in paving and molded products. These standards highlight GTR's environmental benefits, including reduced landfill use and lower carbon emissions from material reuse, supporting broader adoption in sustainable construction.^[96]

References

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Oct 29, 2024 · General relativity is Einstein's theory explaining how gravity affects space-time, where massive objects warp it, causing gravity.
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General relativity states that mass-energy curves space-time, and gravity is the curvature of space-time caused by mass-energy, not a force.
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Jan 5, 2017 · 1915, November 25: Einstein submits the definitive version of general relativity in paper titled "The Field Equations of Gravitation", in ...
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Relativity is two theories: special relativity, relating space, time, mass, and energy, and general relativity, describing how gravity warps space and time.Missing: GTR | Show results with:GTR
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Einstein's theory of general relativity states that mass and energy curve spacetime, affecting motion, and predicted black holes and gravitational waves.Missing: GTR | Show results with:GTR
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Nissan celebrates its heritage with a look back on the history of the ...
Sep 19, 2019 · The first Nissan Skyline GT-R, known as the PGC10, made its public debut at the 15th annual Tokyo Motor Show in 1968. It was originally ...
[7]
Nissan Skyline to GT-R: The Evolution of a Supercar
In its evolution from the R32, the R33 Skyline GT-R became a faster, more stable car, thanks to highly improved body stiffness, better weight distribution and ...Missing: 0-60 end
[8]
Heritage Collection | NISSAN GT-R - Nissan Global
NISSAN GT-R, with the engine (V6 DOHC with twin turbo, 480ps, 3800cc) and "independent transaxle 4WD" with dual clutch transmission located in the rear, had ...
[9]
Nissan R35 GT-R Ends Production — A Legacy of Performance
Aug 28, 2025 · The R32 GT-R was powered by a twin-turbocharged version of Nissan's RB26DETT 2.6-liter inline six-cylinder engine, producing 280 horsepower and ...
[10]
The BMW M3 GTR from Need for Speed: Most Wanted
Nov 26, 2024 · Engine: P60B40 V8 engine · Displacement: 3,997 cm³ · Max. output: approx. 450 hp · Weight: 1,100 kg · Top speed: approx. 260 km/h ...Missing: S54 | Show results with:S54
[11]
Detailed specs review of 1970 Holden Torana GTR model for Australia
Engine specifications · 2 carburetors · 2639 cm3 / 161 cui · 93.5 kW / 127 PS / 125 hp (SAE gross) · 203 Nm / 150 ft-lb · 69 watt/kg / 31 watt/lb (estimated by ...
[12]
Concept We Forgot: 1970 Holden Torana GTR-X - Motor1.com
Aug 10, 2016 · At its heart was an inline-six 3.0-liter engine developing 160 hp (119 kW) at 5,200 rpm and 190 pound-feet (257 newton-meters) of torque from ...
[13]
Isuzu Bellett - Nikkyo cars blog - 日巨株式会社
Jul 24, 2020 · The GTR was firstly presented in 1969, which featured a 1.6 litters DOHC engine from the Isuzu 117 coupe (W161W engine), power brakes and some ...
[14]
1970 Mazda Familia Presto Rotary Coupe Specs Review (81 kW ...
Engine specifications · 60 mm rotor depth, 105 mm rotor diameter · 982 cm3 / cui · 81 kW / 110 PS / 109 hp (JIS) · 135 Nm / 100 ft-lb · 91 watt/kg / 41 watt/lb ( ...
[15]
1995 - 1996 McLaren F1 GTR - Images, Specifications and Information
Feb 20, 2015 · In the case of the McLaren, this meant the power of the BMW V12 was down by nearly 30 bhp, despite the absence of the catalytic converters.
[16]
986hp McLaren P1 GTR Specs & Images Revealed - MotorTrend
Feb 19, 2015 · Power comes from a 789-hp 3.8-liter twin-turbo V-8 paired with a 197-hp electric motor. Total system output is rated at 986 hp.
[17]
The 814-HP McLaren Senna GTR Is a Lightweight Track Monster
Mar 8, 2019 · McLaren has tuned the 4.0-liter twin-turbo V-8 to make an extra 25 horsepower, bringing the total to 814 hp and 590 lb-ft of torque.
[18]
2017 Mercedes AMG GT Quick Reference Guide
Jun 24, 2016 · AMG GT R (577 hp/516, 0-60: 3.5). Interior. AMG Black Piano Lacquer ... All-new Handcrafted AMG 4.0L V8 Biturbo Engine (M178); 7-Speed AMG ...
[19]
About us - Govia Thameslink Railway
We're proud that Go-Ahead Group, that Govia Thameslink Railway is a part of, was named one of the UK's top apprenticeship employers in 2025, at position 12.Missing: 2016 COVID recovery
[20]
Govia wins Thameslink, Southern & Great Northern rail franchise
May 23, 2014 · Franchise timeline. May 23 2014 DfT names Govia as preferred bidder, with the contract to be awarded following the 10-day regulatory standstill ...
[21]
National Rail Contract awarded to Govia Thameslink Railway
Mar 25, 2022 · Contract highlights. The new contract commences on 1 April 2022 and will run until at least 1 April 2025, with up to a further three years ...Missing: history 2016
[22]
Govia Thameslink Railway completes upgrade of its largest fleet
Oct 17, 2025 · Taking five years, 304 'Electrostar' trains consisting of 1,222 carriages operated by Southern, Gatwick Express, Great Northern, and ...
[23]
Govia Thameslink Railway brings in extra trains in readiness for ...
Feb 11, 2025 · An additional fleet of 30 modern trains will help Govia Thameslink Railway (GTR) give its Great Northern and Thameslink passengers faster journeys from key ...
[24]
[PDF] The future of rail - UK Parliament
May 23, 2025 · As a result of the Coronavirus pandemic, the Government introduced a series of emergency rail contracts, known as Emergency Measures Agreements.
[25]
Govia Thameslink Railway to be nationalised from 31 May 2026
Sep 30, 2025 · The franchise was awarded on 23 May 2014. Operations commenced on 14 September 2014, when GTR took over Thameslink and Great Northern services.Missing: history 2016 COVID recovery
[26]
Grand Trunk Railway of Canada | The Canadian Encyclopedia
Feb 7, 2006 · In 1853, the GTR merged with five other railway companies in eastern North America, a method of operating which was to characterize the GTR's ...Missing: CNR | Show results with:CNR
[27]
The Grand Trunk Railway - Railway Wonders of the World
CANADA'S CRACK TRAIN, “THE INTERNATIONAL LIMITED”, making 60 miles an hour between Montreal and Chicago. The 842 miles are covered in 22 hours, including stops.
[28]
Grand Trunk Railway | Transcontinental, Intercolonial & Expansion
Grand Trunk Railway, early Canadian railway line, incorporated in 1852–53 to build a railway connecting the key cities of the Province of Canada
[29]
Einstein - Annalen der Physik
Both the four celebrated papers of November 1915 documenting the final breakthrough in Einstein's search for a relativistic field theory of gravity and the ...
[30]
The elevator, the rocket, and gravity: the equivalence principle
This follows from what Einstein formulated as his equivalence principle which, in turn, is inspired by the consequences of free fall.
[31]
Einstein Field Equations: A Step-By-Step Derivation (Two Methods)
The Einstein field equations can be derived from the Bianchi identity by postulating that curvature and matter should be related.
[32]
The 1919 eclipse results that verified general relativity and their later ...
Oct 21, 2021 · Eddington reached a final estimate of the gravitational deflection slightly different from what a straightforward least-squares determination ...
[33]
Schwarzschild black hole - Einstein-Online
Schwarzschild black hole ... A solution of Einstein's equations found by Karl Schwarzschild in 1916, which corresponds to a model universe that contains a single, ...
[34]
Gravitational Waves Detected 100 Years After Einstein's Prediction
Feb 11, 2016 · The gravitational waves were detected on September 14, 2015 at 5:51 a.m. Eastern Daylight Time (09:51 UTC) by both of the twin Laser ...
[35]
Gravity Probe B: Final Results of a Space Experiment to Test ...
GP-B provides independent measurements of the geodetic and frame-dragging effects at an accuracy of 0.28% and 19%, respectively. Acknowledgements. This work was ...Abstract · Article Text · Introduction. · Results and conclusions.
[36]
Real-World Relativity: The GPS Navigation System
Mar 11, 2017 · A calculation using General Relativity predicts that the clocks in each GPS satellite should get ahead of ground-based clocks by 45 microseconds per day.
[37]
The Expanding Universe (Cosmology: Ideas)
Cosmologists recognized at once that an expanding universe means that in the far future the galaxies will be spread much farther apart.<|control11|><|separator|>
[38]
[PDF] divergence times on the basis on DNA sequence data. Suppose that
Volume 17, 1986. Some Probabilistic and Statistical Problems in the Analysis of DNA Sequences. Simon Tavaré statistical. ABSTRACT. This paper concentrates on.
[39]
Maximum likelihood phylogenetic estimation from DNA sequences ...
Two approximate methods are proposed for maximum likelihood phylogenetic estimation, which allow variable rates of substitution across nucleotide sites.
[40]
PAUP* (* Phylogenetic Analysis Using PAUP)
(* Phylogenetic Analysis Using PAUP). This site is under development. When ready, it will be the primary site for the PAUP* application.FAQ (Frequently Asked... · Get PAUP · Documentation · Tutorials
[41]
MrBayes: Bayesian Inference of Phylogeny
MrBayes is a program for Bayesian inference and model choice across a wide range of phylogenetic and evolutionary models. MrBayes uses Markov chain Monte Carlo ...
[42]
No Distinction of Orthology/Paralogy between Human and ... - NIH
Feb 16, 2016 · A maximum likelihood tree based on the GTR model constructed from genomic sequences for human and chimpanzee Rh blood group genes of figure 1.
[43]
Maximizing Tumor Resection Improves Low-Grade Glioma Patient ...
Jan 5, 2023 · Gross total resection (GTR) indicated that the surgeons had removed all the tumor visible from the brain scans. Patients in the GTR plus group ...
[44]
Gross Total Resection of Glioblastoma Improves Overall Survival ...
Gross total resection (GTR) with negative tumor margins is widely believed to improve treatment outcomes in surgical oncology. However, the unique ...
[45]
Intraoperative imaging techniques for glioma surgery - PMC
Aug 10, 2017 · A method to improve gross total tumour resection. Acta Neurochir ... Intraoperative fluorescence-guided resection of high-grade ...
[46]
Gross Total Resection of Glioma with the Intraoperative ...
Gross Total Resection of Glioma with the Intraoperative Fluorescence-guidance of Fluorescein Sodium · Abstract · Introduction · Clinical Materials and Methods.
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Fluorescein-guided surgery for high-grade glioma resection - Frontiers
Jun 1, 2023 · Gross total resection of glioma with the intraoperative fluorescence-guidance of fluorescein sodium. Int J Med Sci (2012) 9(8):708–14. doi ...
[48]
Gross Total vs. Subtotal Resection on Survival Outcomes in Elderly ...
Mar 17, 2020 · GTR seems to be more effective than STR in achieving longer survival in elderly patients with high-grade glioma.
[49]
Effects of gross total resection and subtotal resection on survival ...
Feb 10, 2023 · The summary results showed that GTR was superior in improving 1-, 2-, 3-, 5-, 10-, 15-year overall survival (OS), OS time, 1-, 3-, 5-year ...
[50]
Effect of Extent of Resection on Survival of Patients with ...
Mar 21, 2023 · The meta-analysis showed a significant increase in the OS and PFS duration after GTR for glioblastoma IDH-WT, with a median OS of 20 months (95% ...
[51]
Cutting Through History: The Evolution of Glioblastoma Surgery - PMC
The history of glioblastoma surgery has evolved dramatically since its beginnings in the late 19th century. From craniectomies to gross total resection, ...Missing: AANS | Show results with:AANS
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Achieving Gross Total Resection in Neurosurgery: A Review of ...
Feb 29, 2024 · 2024 May:185:246-253. ... Fluorescence-guided surgery, mainly using 5-aminolevulinic acid, enhances gross total resection in glioblastomas.
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[PDF] 2024 Department of Neurological Surgery Annual Report
Abel also serves on the AANS/CNS Joint Guidelines Committee. Dr ... under the mentorship of Bradley Gross, MD, with plans to complete a post-residency open.
[54]
Challenges and Solutions in Modern Brain Tumor Surgery | Brainlab
May 12, 2022 · This article explores the challenges within current surgical approaches used to identify and remove brain tumors and how the field of neurosurgery is changing ...May Is Brain Tumor Awareness... · Brain Tumor Diagnosis · Brain Tumor SurgeryMissing: GTR inoperable Vinci advancements
[55]
Artificial Intelligence in Brain Tumour Surgery—An Emerging ... - MDPI
Surgical robotics integrated with AI have the potential to significantly impact the way brain tumours are managed. While this field remains embryonic, AI- ...
[56]
Challenges in global advancement of robotic surgery - PMC - NIH
Oct 27, 2025 · As has been highlighted in a recent review, robot systems help surgeons to achieve greater precision and perfect implant positioning ...Missing: GTR brain tumors inoperable da Vinci
[57]
GTR - FIA GT Racing Game on Steam
In stock Rating 3.0 (78) Key Features: · Realistic AI racing behavior · Live track : the characteristics of the track change over the course of the race week-end · 3 gameplay modes for ...Missing: details awards
[58]
GTR - FIA GT Racing Game review | Eurogamer.net
May 9, 2005 · Simbin's lovingly crafted game observes such painstaking attention to detail that even an electron microscope would struggle to do it justice.Missing: awards | Show results with:awards
[59]
GTR FIA Racing Reviews - Metacritic
Rating 85% (24) A stunning simulator that true racing enthusiasts will be able to marvel at for months, but one that will be an incredibly daunting prospect for those of us ...
[60]
GTR FIA Racing Review - GameSpot
Rating 8.8/10 · Review by Gord GobleJul 1, 2005 · The game's multiplayer mode permits up to 56 drivers to compete via LAN or Internet--theoretically anyway. In practice, we found stuttering and ...Missing: awards | Show results with:awards
[61]
8 Best Racing Games That Started As PC Exclusives - MSN
Great racing title of the mid-2000s. Not only did GTR FIA GT Racing Game win PC Gamer US's "Best Racing Game 2005", but it was also praised by many other gaming ...
[62]
GTR 2 FIA GT Racing Game on Steam
Rating 4.5 (258) · 14-day returnsInternational competition: Fully integrated multiplayer mode for racing against other human drivers from all over the world. Cars Included: BMW M3 GTR; BMW ...
[63]
GTR Evolution Expansion Pack for RACE 07 on Steam
In stock Rating 4.5 (59) Sep 1, 2008 · GTR Evolution is a game from SimBin Studios, based on the award winning release RACE 07. The game is available as expansion pack to RACE 07.
[64]
GTR Evolution - Car & Track List | VirtualR.net
Jul 3, 2008 · Tracks: WTCC ???06/???07 – Anderstorp, Sweden – Brands-Hatch, UK – Brno, Czech Republic – Curitiba, Brazil – Istanbul, Turkey – Macau, Macau – ...
[65]
GTR2 multiplayer | OverTake.gg
Oct 16, 2021 · there is 8 differents servers online 7/24 where it is possible to drive on different tracks and with different cars. There is 2 events by week ( ...
[66]
A Decidedly Unofficial Guide to iRacing
May 26, 2012 · Of course there are different PC games that fall under the more serious “simulation” tag. Swedish SimBin with its roots in GTR and GTR2 and ...
[67]
GTR Revival is being renamed. The Unreal engine is thrown out...
Jul 5, 2024 · The game will be renamed. So it should not be called GTR Revival, sadly. They are also changing publishers because Embracer-owned Plaion does ...
[68]
Vehicles/Cars list for GTR: FIA GT Racing Game - IGCD.net
2003 BMW M Coupé · 2003 Chevrolet Corvette C5.R · 2003 Chrysler Viper GTS-R · 2003 Ferrari 360 Modena · 2003 Ferrari 550 Maranello GTS · 2003 Ferrari 575 GTC · 2003 ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[69]
[PDF] fiscal u - SEC.gov
Effective August 31, 1999, we completed the acquisition of Mad Catz, Inc. ... In. September 2001, we changed our name from GTR Group Inc. to Mad Catz Interactive, ...
[70]
Mad Catz - Sega Retro
Business didn't really begin to take off until it was bought by the GTR Group in 1999, after which the operations greatly expanded, causing Mad Catz to be one ...
[71]
GTR Revenues Up, But Subsidiary Mad Catz Faces Lawsuit By NYKO
GTR's fiscal results for the quarter reached $64.5 million -- an increase of 13% over last year -- and Mad Catz reported record net sales of $51.6 million as ...
[72]
What went wrong at Mad Catz? - GamesIndustry.biz
Jun 1, 2017 · They both joined from Tritton, which Mad Catz acquired in 2010. "There was a large investment in that Mojo gaming console concept, which really ...
[73]
The story of GTR's When The Heart Rules The Mind - Louder Sound
Jul 14, 2021 · In 1985 guitarists Steve Hackett and Steve Howe united in the supergroup GTR and hit the Top 20 in the US with When The Heart Rules The Mind.
[74]
Musical Bed-Hopping: The History of GTR - Ultimate Classic Rock
Nov 30, 2014 · Max Bacon (vocals), Phil Spalding (bass), and Jonathan Mover (drums) were added to the mix, and while all were eminently capable musicians ( ...
[75]
GTR • Features - DPRP.net
Aug 12, 2001 · You'll be in the studio when two legendary British guitarists, Steve Howe (formerly of Yes and Asia) and Steve Hackett (formerly of Genesis) " ...
[76]
When The Heart Rules The Mind by GTR - Songfacts
At the time the song was at #50 on Billboard's Hot Top 100 chart; four weeks earlier it had peaked at #14 {for 2 weeks} and it spent 16 weeks on the Top 100...
[77]
King Biscuit Flower Hour - GTR | Album - AllMusic
Rating 6.7/10 (19) King Biscuit Flower Hour by GTR released in 1997. Find album reviews, track lists, credits, awards and more at AllMusic.
[78]
GTR GTR reviews - Prog Archives
Just another proof the eighties had a horrible influence on good musicians. Gtr stands for the guitars of Steve Howe and Steve Hackett. Two famous guitarists in ...
[79]
The Real SHT: Critic J.D. Considine on His Infamous 'GTR' Review
Jul 9, 2021 · Music journalist J.D. Considine spoke to UCR in July 2021 about his famous, three-letter pan (SHT) of GTR's self-titled 1986 LP.
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INTERVIEW: Steve Hackett | Welcome to UK Music Reviews
When Hackett left GTR in 1987 due to financial and management squabbles, the group disbanded. He then resumed his solo career going on to release a further ...
[81]
GTR discography and reviews - Prog Archives
GTR was one of those 80´s "super groups"; band was formed around two very well know prog guitarists, Steve HACKETT (Genesis) and Steve HOWE (Yes, Asia), but GTR ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[82]
GTR (expanded / remastered) 2 x CDs - Wayside Music
"This is an official release of a 2 disc deluxe edition of GTR, the self-titled 1986 album by Steve Hackett and Steve Howe's band GTR. ... © 2025 Wayside Music.
[83]
History of the Grand Trunk Road - ArcGIS StoryMaps
Nov 27, 2021 · By the 16th Century, the highway once built by the Mauryan Empire had degenerated over time. Sher Shah Suri rebuilt the Grand Trunk Road and ...
[84]
Grand Trunk Road - Jatland Wiki
Jan 29, 2025 · Grand Trunk Road is one of Asia's oldest and longest major roads. For at least 2,500 years it has linked Central Asia to the Indian subcontinent ...
[85]
Sites along the Uttarapath, Badshahi Sadak, Sadak-e-Azam, Grand ...
One of Asia's oldest and longest roads that connects the major countries of the Indian subcontinent, namely Afghanistan, Pakistan, India and Bangladesh.
[86]
Caravanserais along the Grand Trunk Road in Pakistan - UNESCO
It was a vital link in the trade routes across Central Asia, supporting forts, towns, army halting points, and caravanserais; all essential resting points for ...
[87]
Grand Trunk Road - Sankalp India Foundation
Jan 31, 2012 · Today, the Grand Trunk Road continues to cover a distance of over 2,500 kilometres (1,600 mi). ... NH-1. It is a part of Golden Quadrilateral. It ...
[88]
Trade Routes of the Grand Trunk Road India-Connecting the Nation
Sep 3, 2024 · The prosperity brought about by trade and the movement of goods along this vital route played a crucial role in generating the resources needed ...
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Railroad - Canadian, Transcontinental, Expansion - Britannica
Oct 16, 2025 · The Grand Trunk infrastructure was much more costly than that found on any other rail line in North America following British practice but ...
[90]
At the Heart of Transportation: A Moving History
The Grand Trunk Railway, completed between Toronto and Montréal in 1856, linked Canada West with Canada East (now Ontario and Québec), and helped to lay the ...
[91]
Treesearch - Forest Service Research and Development - USDA
Series. General Technical Report General Technical Report (10847); General Technical Report - Proceedings General Technical Report - Proceedings (403); Research ...Publication Search | US Forest... · Page 4 · Page 5
[92]
[PDF] Documentation for Greenhouse Gas Emission and Energy Factors ...
For ground rubber produced from tires, EPA uses LCI data on the mechanical grinding of tires to less than 2mm in diameter from Corti and Lombardi (2004).
[93]
Turning the volume down - Asphalt magazine
Apr 1, 2015 · Quiet asphalt pavement can help reduce highway noise by as much as 7 decibels, according to a 2013 World Road Association-PIARC study.
[94]
Federal Research on Recycled Tire Crumb Used on Playing Fields ...
Apr 16, 2024 · Ground rubber is recovered from scrap tires or from the tire retreading process. It is used in road construction and in athletic and ...
[95]
EPA Scrap Tire Handbook On Recycling Management PDF - Scribd
Chapter 3: Ground Rubber. Ground Rubber Requirements. are an example of an appropriate use of about 0.5. cm ( inch) ground rubber. Finer particles (10 to 40 ...
[96]
https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/asphalt/hif20043.pdf
[97]
[PDF] Resource Responsible Use of Recycled Tire Rubber in Asphalt ...
Addition of ground tire rubber (GTR) to asphalt binder and mixture is an accepted asphalt mixture practice in asphalt production that consumes about 12 percent ...