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Lin

Lin is a common Chinese surname (林), the 18th most prevalent in mainland China as of recent censuses, borne by approximately 16 million people (1.2% of the population). It may also refer to:
  • People with the surname or given name Lin (see People section)
  • Places named Lin, primarily in China (see Places section)
  • Transport-related terms, such as vehicle communication protocols (see Transport section)
  • Other uses in technology, biology, and more (see Other Uses section)

People

Surname Usage

The 林 (Lín), meaning "" or "woods," derives from the character composed of two "wood" (木) radicals, symbolizing dense vegetation. Its historical origins trace to ancient clans during the (c. 1600–1046 BCE), particularly when Jian, son of the loyal prince , took refuge in the forested area known as Chang Lin (長林) after the dynasty's fall, adopting the name as his surname. Additional lineages include descendants of royalty, such as Lin Kai (son of , d. 720 BCE) and Lin Fang (a student of in the , 770–476 BCE), as well as adoptions by non-Han groups like the during the (386–589 CE). In , Lin ranks as the second most common , borne by approximately 1.94 million people as of 2023. In , it is the 18th most prevalent , with around 16.4 million bearers according to distribution analyses. Globally, the Lin is held by over 18.9 million people, ranking 24th worldwide and concentrated in , where 99% of bearers reside, primarily in (87%) and (10%). Significant populations exist in (62,000 bearers, 10th rank), the (over 91,000, reflecting communities), and Southeast Asian countries like (285,000), (47,000), and (15,000). The surname carries cultural significance tied to themes of loyalty and resilience, exemplified by its origins, and is particularly associated with province in southeastern , from where many Lin families emigrated over the past four centuries to form overseas communities. Romanization varies by dialect and language: Lin in and ; Lim or Lîm in ; Lam in ; Lâm in ; and Im (림) in , all tracing back to the original 林 .

Given Name Usage

In Chinese culture, "Lin" serves as a unisex given name, derived from characters such as 林 (lín), meaning "forest," symbolizing growth and nature, or 琳 (lín), meaning "fine jade" or "gem," evoking beauty and preciousness. This usage reflects traditional naming practices where given names often draw from natural elements or virtues to impart positive attributes to the bearer. It is commonly employed in both standalone form and as part of compound names, appearing in modern and historical contexts across mainland China, Taiwan, and overseas Chinese communities. In Western contexts, "Lin" has been adopted as a given name, often through cultural borrowing from Chinese heritage or as a short, modern choice, particularly for girls but also unisex. Notable examples include American actress Lin Shaye (born 1943), known for roles in films like the Insidious series, where "Lin" functions as her primary given name. Similarly, Puerto Rican-American composer Lin-Manuel Miranda (born 1980) incorporates "Lin" into his compound given name, drawing from familial roots while achieving global recognition for works like the musical Hamilton. The name also appears in variations across other languages. In Scandinavian countries, particularly and , "Lin" is a feminine derived from linn, meaning "soft" or "tender," and is often used independently or as a of names like . In , "Lin" (transliterated as 린 or Rin) is a unisex , typically from like 璘 (rin), meaning "luster of jade," and is popular in contemporary naming, especially among younger generations. Among recent notable figures, Chinese tennis player Zhu Lin (born 1994), whose is Lin, has risen to prominence, reaching a career-high WTA singles ranking of No. 31 in 2023 and winning her first WTA title at the 2023 Thailand Open in Hua Hin, highlighting the name's association with athletic achievement. American science fiction author (born Linwood Vrooman Carter, 1930–1988) exemplifies earlier Western literary use, editing the and authoring works in the Thongor series. These individuals illustrate "Lin's" enduring versatility as a given name across cultures and professions.

Fictional Characters

In , one of the most iconic fictional characters named Lin is from the 18th-century novel by . is portrayed as a delicate, poetic young woman and the cousin of the protagonist , embodying themes of , melancholy, and the fleeting nature of beauty; she is known for her wit, emotional depth, and tragic fate as she succumbs to illness amid family intrigues. Another prominent Lin from classical Chinese literature is Lin Chong, a central figure in the 14th-century novel Water Margin (also known as Outlaws of the Marsh), attributed to Shi Nai'an. Nicknamed "Panther Head," Lin Chong is depicted as a skilled martial artist and instructor of the Imperial Guard who is framed for a crime by corrupt officials, leading him to join the band of outlaws on Liangshan Marsh; his story highlights themes of injustice, loyalty, and rebellion against tyranny. In modern animation, Lin appears as a supporting character in Hayao Miyazaki's 2001 film , where she is a hardworking spirit employed at a magical bathhouse run by the witch Yubaba. Voiced by in the English dub, Lin serves as a mentor and protector to the Chihiro Ogino, displaying a tough yet compassionate personality as she navigates the spirit world's dangers while helping Chihiro adapt to her new environment. In video games, Lin is a playable character in Capcom's 2002 role-playing game Breath of Fire: Dragon Quarter, directed by Tatsuya Yoshikawa. As a 21-year-old agent of the resistance group Trinity in a dystopian underground world, Lin possesses enhanced abilities due to her Woren heritage (a cat-like humanoid race) and uses skills like scanning enemies and combo attacks; she joins the protagonist Ryu in challenging the oppressive government and exploring themes of freedom and survival. Lin Lee Koo, often simply called Lin, is a key playable character in Monolith Soft's 2015 action role-playing game , developed for the . A 13-year-old and of a spaceship crash on the alien planet , Lin pilots Skells (mech suits) and provides comic relief through her energetic, food-obsessed personality while contributing to the team's efforts in rebuilding humanity and uncovering planetary mysteries. In recent media adaptations, Seorin (also romanized as Seo Lin) is an SSR-rank playable hunter in the 2024 mobile game : Arise, based on Chugong's web novel and series. As a water-element archer affiliated with the Hunters , Seorin specializes in breaking enemy defenses with HP-scaling attacks and support skills, reflecting the series' themes of hunter hierarchies and monster-slaying in a modern fantasy world.

Places

Locations in China

Linzhou (formerly known as Lin County until its renaming to in ) is a in Prefecture, Province, situated at the confluence of the and the . It is renowned for the Red Flag Canal, a monumental engineering project constructed between 1959 and 1969 that involved hand-carving over 1,500 kilometers of waterways through solid rock to irrigate arid lands, symbolizing human perseverance in water management. The city's landscape features dramatic gorges and cliffs in the Taihang Grand Canyon Scenic Area, formed over 1.8 billion years ago, preserving ancient marine fossils and offering insights into geological history. Lin County (临县, Línxiàn) in Lüliang Prefecture, Province, is a rural mountainous area characterized by plateaus and river valleys, supporting and economies. As a typical inland , it exemplifies China's efforts in rural revitalization, with local governance focusing on ecological conservation and alleviation through terraced farming and projects. While specific 2020 data highlights its modest scale relative to centers, the county integrates into broader provincial plans emphasizing sustainable growth in less-developed regions. Several rivers in bear the name Lin, including Lin Rivers in other provinces like and , often as tributaries facilitating regional trade and biodiversity in terrains. Villages named Lin are scattered across multiple provinces, reflecting the common toponym derived from forested or boundary features in ancient settlements. For instance, Lijia Old Village in Lin County, , preserves Ming and architecture along the , showcasing traditional cliffside dwellings adapted to rugged terrain. In Province, Lin'an Ancient City near Jianshui features earthen fortifications from the Ming era, now a heritage site blending and local ethnic influences. Other examples include Linpan settlements in Sichuan's Chengdu Plain, self-sufficient farmsteads with bamboo groves and ponds dating back centuries, emblematic of Sichuanese rural harmony with nature. Historically, Lin'an served as the capital of the Southern from 1127 to 1279, when Emperor Gaozong relocated the court from to this strategic hub following the Jurchen invasions. Renamed Lin'an (meaning "temporary peace") to signify its provisional status, the city flourished as a cosmopolitan center with over one million inhabitants by 1276, fostering advancements in silk production, , and maritime trade via its ports. Archaeological remnants, including imperial palaces and city walls, underscore its role as a cultural nexus during this era. In recent years, Lin-named sites have undergone administrative adjustments amid China's drive, as outlined in the 2024 State Council action plan for people-centered new , which aims to integrate rural areas into urban frameworks by easing restrictions and enhancing infrastructure. For example, districts like Lin'an (now part of ) have seen boundary expansions to accommodate suburban growth, with investments in and green spaces mitigating impacts on historical villages. These changes promote balanced development, targeting a nearly 70% rate by 2028 while preserving in places like Linzhou's scenic areas.

Locations Outside China

Lin is a small village in Pogradec Municipality, , , situated on the shores of . With a current population of approximately 500 residents, it is renowned for its rich local history, including an early Christian and traditional stone houses that reflect Albanian-Macedonian cultural influences. The village gained international recognition in October 2025 when it was declared a as an "Urban Architectural Ensemble" within the Natural and Cultural Heritage of the Region, highlighting its preserved and lakeside setting. Archaeological excavations near Lin have uncovered Europe's oldest known lakeside settlement, dating back to approximately 6000 BC (with recent 2025 findings suggesting up to 8000 years old), providing insights into farming practices and early patterns. The site, inhabited by 400-800 people who cultivated emmer wheat, , and , features stilt houses built from , , and , and was continuously occupied until about 4000 BC. This discovery underscores Lin's significance as a key archaeological hub, blending prehistoric heritage with the village's ongoing role as a . In , the province of Lâm Đồng exemplifies a variant of "Lin" (rendered as "Lâm" in ), located in the Central Highlands with a population exceeding 1.3 million. Named after the indigenous K'Ho people's term "Daàm-ròng," meaning "the big river" (referring to the Đồng Nai River), the province's etymology ties to its diverse ethnic heritage rather than direct origins, though "Lâm" shares roots with the common East Asian surname meaning "forest." Its significance lies in its highland landscapes, plantations, and role as a , with as its capital serving as a major tourist and agricultural center. Diaspora communities have influenced place names incorporating "Lin" in urban settings abroad. In Singapore, Chu Lin Road in the Hillview neighborhood, developed in the mid-20th century as part of estates, reflects linguistic elements where "Chu Lin" evokes imagery tied to immigrant . This road, part of Queenstown's historic Tanglin Halt area, symbolizes early settlement patterns in post-colonial urban planning. In , recent 2025 developments in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, include expansions along Second Lin Road in Prince Township, a with growing residential projects amid historical routes, highlighting ongoing Chinese-Canadian contributions to . In the United States, historical Chinese immigrant areas in , such as those in the Sacramento , feature informal naming conventions inspired by surnames like Lin, though no formal "Lin " exists; instead, communities in places like (near Walnut Grove) preserve legacies through cultural sites tied to early 20th-century labor migrations. These locations emphasize the etymological and cultural extensions of "Lin" beyond , often linked to agricultural and histories.

Transport

Vehicle Communication Protocols

The Local Interconnect Network (LIN) is a low-cost serial network protocol designed for communication between electronic control units in automotive applications, particularly for non-safety-critical functions. Developed in the late 1990s by a consortium of automakers including BMW, Volkswagen, Audi, Volvo, and Mercedes-Benz, along with technology providers like Motorola and Volcano Automotive, LIN serves as a cost-effective alternative to more complex protocols like CAN for simpler sensor and actuator networks. The protocol was standardized by the LIN Consortium, with the first major specification, LIN 1.3, released in 2002. LIN employs a single-master, multiple-slave , where a central master node (typically an ) schedules and initiates all communications, and up to 16 slave nodes respond as needed. This design minimizes wiring complexity and cost, using a single-wire with a reference ground, supporting bus lengths up to 40 meters. Operating at rates of up to 20 kbps (commonly 9.6 or 19.2 kbps), LIN is optimized for low-bandwidth tasks such as controlling power windows, seat adjustments, mirrors, door locks, and interior lighting. Its robustness against and simple implementation make it suitable for body and comfort features in vehicles. The LIN protocol structures data transmission into discrete frames consisting of a header and a response. The header, always transmitted by the , includes three fields: the Sync Break Field (a sequence of at least 13 dominant bits followed by a recessive to signal frame start), the Sync Field (a fixed byte of 0x55 for baud rate ), and the Identifier Field (a 6-bit plus 2 bits, specifying the message type or data length, with up to 64 possible IDs). The response, provided by the designated slave (or the master in publisher-subscriber mode), comprises 1 to 8 bytes (each with a start bit, 8 data bits, and a stop bit) followed by an 8-bit (enhanced in later versions for better error detection). In unconditional frames, slaves compete to respond based on the ID; event-triggered or sporadic frames allow flexible data publishing. The total frame duration, including inter-byte spaces, ensures deterministic timing for applications. LIN has evolved through several versions to enhance flexibility and . LIN 1.3 (2002) introduced basic definitions and frame handling, focusing on initial automotive needs. LIN 2.0 (2003) added support for fractional rates, enhanced diagnostics via ID 0x3C/0x3D, and configurable checksums, making it backward-compatible with 1.3 while improving scalability. LIN 2.1 (2006) further refined protocols for larger data payloads (up to 64 bytes via segmentation) and sleep/wake-up mechanisms for . In parallel, the Society of Automotive Engineers () adapted LIN 2.0 into SAE J2602 (published around 2009-2010), tailoring it for North American standards with specific enhancements for and node capability queries. These updates have enabled broader integration without major hardware changes. By 2025, LIN has achieved extensive adoption in the automotive sector, with markets exceeding $4 billion annually, reflecting its presence in the majority of new for auxiliary . In electric vehicles (EVs), recent integrations (2024-2025) have expanded LIN's role in managing 12V auxiliary systems, complementing high-voltage protocols for tasks like monitoring starter batteries and low-power distribution. For instance, advanced management systems in EVs use LIN for efficient communication in non-critical subsystems, supporting the growing complexity of electrified powertrains.

Infrastructure and Routes

The infrastructure associated with "Lin" encompasses several railway stations across Taiwan and mainland China, serving as key nodes in regional transport networks. In Taiwan, Yuanlin Station on the Taiwan Railways Administration (TRA) West Coast line in Changhua County was established in 1905 as part of the Fengyuan-Ershui line during the Japanese colonial era, facilitating the transport of agricultural products and passengers; a adjacent sugar railway station opened in 1919 to support sugarcane logistics for the Taiwan Sugar Corporation. In mainland China, Lin'an Railway Station in Jianshui County, Yunnan Province, operates as a terminal for tourist trains on a meter-gauge line, originally built in the early 20th century and renovated for heritage tourism, connecting to the broader Kunming-Yuxi-Haikou railway system. Similarly, Linping South Station in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, is a major stop on the Shanghai-Hangzhou high-speed railway, handling over 50,000 daily passengers since its opening in 2010 and integrating with local metro lines for urban connectivity. These stations highlight "Lin"-named infrastructure's role in blending historical and modern rail operations. Highways and roads named after or traversing Lin areas in China provide essential connectivity, particularly in Shanxi Province's Linfen region. The Linfen section of the G5 Beijing-Kunming Expressway spans approximately 200 kilometers through Linfen City, linking it to in the north and Houma in the south, with key interchanges facilitating industrial transport for and since its completion in phases between 2007 and 2012. Provincial routes like S233 in Lin County (formerly Linxian) cover about 150 kilometers of mountainous terrain, connecting rural townships to and supporting local through improved access to markets. These roads emphasize durability against the region's karst landscape, with recent upgrades incorporating intelligent traffic systems for safer passage. Shipping infrastructure linked to "Lin" includes ports and vessels that have historically supported maritime trade. Linjiang Port in Jilin Province, located on the Yalu River, serves as an inland river port with a annual throughput capacity exceeding 1 million tons, primarily handling cargo to and from North Korea via the Sino-Korean border since its expansion in the 2010s. In Shanghai's Lin-gang Special Area, a modern deepwater port complex opened phases in 2021, accommodating large container and ro-ro vessels, with 2025 updates enabling the handling of over 10 million TEUs annually through automated terminals focused on electric vehicle exports. Historical vessels like the M.V. Liu Lin Hai, a Chinese bulk carrier launched in 1972, marked a milestone as the first PRC ship to dock in the United States in 1979 at Seattle's Pier 91, symbolizing post-Mao trade normalization. Recent developments in 2025 have enhanced rail connectivity in Lin-related areas amid China's broader high-speed rail expansion to 50,000 kilometers nationwide. Historically, ancient trade paths through Lin regions in imperial China facilitated commerce along early Silk Road branches. During the Han Dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE), routes passing near ancient Linzi (modern Zibo in Shandong Province) connected the Qi state to central China, enabling the exchange of silk, iron, and salt over 500 kilometers to Luoyang via post roads maintained by the imperial courier system. In the Tang era (618–907 CE), Lin'an (near modern Hangzhou) served as a southern terminus for maritime extensions of overland paths, where merchants traded porcelain and tea southward to ports like Guangzhou, integrating with the broader 6,400-kilometer network that linked China to Central Asia.

Other Uses

Technology and Computing

LIN Media was an American holding company founded in 1994 that owned and operated 43 television stations, primarily affiliates of major U.S. broadcast networks such as , , , , and . In March 2014, LIN Media merged with in a $1.6 billion cash-and-stock transaction, forming one of the largest local television broadcasters in the United States with 74 stations reaching approximately 23% of U.S. TV households. The merged entity retained significant assets from LIN, including key market stations in cities like , and . Following the 2014 merger, was acquired by in January 2017 for $4.6 billion, integrating LIN Media's legacy stations and operations into Nexstar, which now manages a portfolio of over 200 local TV stations. This acquisition solidified Nexstar's position as a dominant force in broadcast , with LIN's contributions enhancing digital and multicast capabilities across the group. In , "LIN" commonly refers to (), a .NET Framework component that enables querying data from various sources using a unified, SQL-like syntax integrated directly into C# and other .NET languages. Introduced in November 2007 with .NET Framework 3.5 and 2008, LINQ was designed by to bridge with declarative data queries, supporting in-memory collections, databases, XML, and other providers through extension methods and lambda expressions. Its adoption revolutionized data access in .NET applications by providing , IntelliSense support, and composable queries, reducing and improving developer productivity in enterprise scenarios. LINQ's influence persists in modern .NET ecosystems, underpinning tools like for ORM and influencing query patterns in languages beyond .NET. Another computing-related use of the acronym LIN is the Laboratory Information Network, a web-based system developed by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) within the Department of Homeland Security for managing data in non-transport contexts. Launched prior to 2018 but with ongoing enhancements for data interoperability post-2020, LIN facilitates the secure tracking, storage, and sharing of analysis requests, test results, and reports among federal analysts, supporting forensic and chemical examinations without reliance on vehicle-specific protocols. The system ensures compliance with privacy standards under memoranda of understanding for external , enabling efficient in and investigations. Unlike automotive applications, LIN in this domain focuses on centralized for workflows, contributing to broader federal efforts in evidence-based decision-making.

Biology and Botany

The genus , belonging to the family Linaceae, encompasses approximately 200 of annual and perennial herbs, primarily native to temperate and subtropical regions of the , including and . These are characterized by slender stems, alternate leaves, and small, showy flowers typically featuring five petals in , white, or yellow. The genus is notable for its ecological adaptability to well-drained soils and cool climates, with many species thriving in open grasslands and disturbed habitats. Linum usitatissimum, commonly known as or linseed, is the most economically significant within the , cultivated as both an oilseed and . Originating from wild progenitor Linum bienne in the , its domestication dates back to around 8000 BCE in the , marking it as one of the earliest cultivated for dual purposes: fiber extraction from stems to produce textiles and seed processing for . , derived from the fibers of the plant's , has been used historically for , sails, and linens due to its strength and breathability, while , pressed from the small, flattened s, serves as a in paints, varnishes, and industrial applications, as well as a nutritional rich in omega-3 fatty acids. The plant's cultivation spread globally, with major production today in temperate zones such as , Russia, and China, underscoring its enduring economic importance in textiles and oil (yielding up to 40% oil content by seed weight). In nutritional biology, "lin" commonly abbreviates , an essential omega-6 polyunsaturated with the \ce{C18H32O2}, consisting of an 18-carbon chain featuring cis double bonds at positions 9 and 12 from the carboxyl end. As a vital component of membranes, linoleic acid cannot be synthesized by humans and must be obtained through diet, primarily from sources like vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds; it plays key roles in maintaining skin barrier function, supporting immune responses, and reducing the risk of coronary heart disease when consumed at 1-2% of total caloric intake. Deficiency leads to symptoms such as and impaired , highlighting its indispensable status in mammalian physiology. Beyond plants, "Lin" associates with certain microbial entities in , notably Brevibacterium linens, a Gram-positive bacterium used in that produces the linocin M18, an effective against pathogens like . This contributes to the flavor and texture of surface-ripened cheeses through proteolytic and lipolytic activities. Additionally, "lin" genes in bacteria such as Sphingomonas paucimobilis encode enzymes for degrading persistent pollutants like , aiding efforts. In , while no prominent "Lin moth" exists, like (white-lined sphinx ) in the order indirectly relate through interactions with flowers in temperate ecosystems. Recent genetic studies on usitatissimum have advanced understanding of its resilience to climate stressors. For instance, 2024 analyses of global collections identified diverse alleles for and yield stability, leveraging core sets to accelerate for warmer, drier conditions projected under . In 2025, research on the PP2C gene family revealed 62 members in that regulate responses, including and , through phosphatase-mediated signaling pathways that enhance root development and antioxidant defenses. Complementary work demonstrated that application upregulates stress-responsive genes like those for osmoprotectants, improving survival under water deficit by 30-50% in field trials. These findings, drawn from transcriptomic and genomic sequencing, position as a model for climate-resilient crops in temperate .

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