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OWASP

The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) is a nonprofit foundation dedicated to improving software security, particularly for , , and other applications, through freely available open-source tools, standards, guidelines, and resources. Established on December 1, 2001, by security expert Mark Curphey, OWASP was formally incorporated as a on April 21, 2004, with a mission to empower secure via , , and , ultimately aiming for a world without insecure software. As a , volunteer-driven entity, OWASP operates with over 250 local chapters across more than 100 countries, tens of thousands of active members, and a structure that includes a seven-member elected Global Board responsible for strategic direction, policies, and budget. The organization supports a vast array of community-led initiatives, including flagship projects like the OWASP Top 10, which identifies the most critical web application security risks; the Application Security Verification Standard (ASVS), a framework for verifying secure software; and the Core Rule Set (CRS), an open-source rule set. OWASP also hosts educational conferences, such as AppSec Global, to promote best practices in secure coding and testing. With offices in , , and Destelbergen, , OWASP remains the largest nonprofit focused exclusively on , offering all resources under permissive open-source licenses to foster widespread adoption and collaboration in the cybersecurity community.

Introduction

Mission and Purpose

The Open Web Application Project (OWASP) is a U.S.-based nonprofit foundation dedicated to improving the of software through among developers, professionals, and organizations worldwide. Incorporated as a in , OWASP operates as a global community-driven entity that emphasizes transparency in its operations, including to finances and project code, to foster trust and widespread adoption of secure practices. At its core, OWASP's mission is to empower organizations to develop, purchase, and maintain secure applications by providing free, open-source resources such as educational materials, tools, and standards. This purpose extends to enabling developers and security experts to build trustworthy software, with a vision of eliminating insecure applications through collective efforts. Founded in 2001, OWASP has evolved its mission to address the growing complexities of software ecosystems while remaining committed to accessibility and collaboration. Guiding OWASP's work are key principles of , , global reach, , and community-driven initiatives. Openness ensures radical , allowing anyone to contribute and access resources without barriers. Innovation encourages experimentation with new solutions, while global reach promotes participation from diverse regions to tackle universal challenges. maintains a vendor-neutral, respectful that prioritizes truthfulness in all endeavors. These principles underpin community-led efforts, where volunteers worldwide drive progress without proprietary constraints. OWASP's focus areas include web application security, (IoT) systems, system software, and emerging threats such as risks. In web security, it addresses critical vulnerabilities through awareness documents like the OWASP Top 10. For IoT, dedicated projects provide testing methodologies and verification standards to secure connected devices. System software efforts emphasize secure coding and architecture, while recent priorities highlight supply chain vulnerabilities to mitigate risks in dependencies and third-party components.

Scope and Impact

The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) has expanded its focus beyond traditional web application security to encompass emerging domains such as mobile applications, cloud-native environments, and AI-related risks, providing standardized guidance to address vulnerabilities in these areas. This evolution reflects OWASP's commitment to adapting community-driven resources to the shifting landscape of , ensuring comprehensive coverage of modern threats like insecure mobile data storage and AI model prompt injection. OWASP's global reach is evidenced by its network of over 332 active local chapters worldwide, fostering local communities for knowledge sharing and collaboration on . Its resources have seen extensive adoption, with flagship tools like OWASP Dependency-Check used by commercial entities, governments, and non-profits. Furthermore, OWASP's frameworks, such as the Verification Standard (ASVS), have provided detailed benchmarks for secure application development. OWASP materials are widely adopted by governments, major corporations, and educational institutions to integrate secure development practices into their workflows. For instance, OWASP has initiated efforts to adapt its standards and tools to support U.S. government cybersecurity compliance with , including for areas like and defense systems. Corporations such as incorporate OWASP-identified risks, including those from the Top 10 lists, into their products like Microsoft Security Copilot for detecting AI-related threats. Educators and organizations globally use OWASP resources for training programs, contributing to broader industry-wide improvements in software . In recent years, OWASP has shaped discussions on systemic risks, notably through the 2025 update to the OWASP Top 10 (released November 6, 2025), which introduces "Software Supply Chain Failures" as A03:2025 to highlight vulnerabilities in third-party components and dependencies. This update, based on data from over 114,000 applications, underscores OWASP's role in prioritizing security amid rising attacks like the 2025 GlassWorm incident targeting development tools.

History

Founding and Early Development

The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) was founded in 2001 by Mark Curphey, a software , as an initiative in response to the increasing prevalence of vulnerabilities during the early days of widespread adoption. Mark Curphey started OWASP on September 9, 2001, with an official launch on December 1, 2001. At the time, web applications were proliferating, but practices lagged, with common threats like and exposing organizations to significant risks, prompting Curphey to create a collaborative platform for addressing these issues. OWASP officially launched on December 1, 2001, with an initial focus on fostering the sharing of knowledge to promote trustworthy computing as a core priority for developers and organizations building web applications. The project originated from discussions on the moderated by Curphey, where security professionals exchanged insights on emerging threats, evolving into a formalized effort to document and disseminate best practices. In its early years, OWASP emphasized grassroots collaboration among volunteers, producing basic guides, tools, and resources to raise awareness of vulnerabilities and encourage secure development habits. These initial activities centered on community-driven contributions, such as vulnerability checklists and educational materials, which helped establish OWASP as a key resource for the nascent field of web security without relying on commercial interests. On April 21, 2004, OWASP was incorporated as a in the United States, marking a transition from an informal community project to a structured entity dedicated to sustaining its open-source mission. This step provided a legal foundation that supported its growth into a global network while preserving its commitment to free, accessible security resources.

Key Milestones and Evolution

OWASP marked a significant milestone in 2003 with the release of its inaugural Top 10 list, which established a foundational standard for identifying and prioritizing the most critical security risks, drawing from community surveys and expert consensus to raise awareness among developers and organizations. This document quickly became a cornerstone of practices, influencing standards and training worldwide by focusing on prevalent vulnerabilities like injection flaws and broken authentication. In early 2023, OWASP updated its name from the Open Web Application Security Project to the Open Worldwide Application Security Project to better encompass its growing focus on diverse areas beyond the web. During the , OWASP experienced substantial growth, expanding its scope to address emerging technologies such as through the launch of the OWASP Mobile Project in 2010, which developed standards and testing guides for mobile application vulnerabilities. Concurrently, the organization released key open-source tools, including in 2010, a free (DAST) tool that has since been widely adopted for intercepting and scanning to identify security issues. This period also saw the proliferation of global conferences, with OWASP AppSec events evolving from initial gatherings in 2004 into a series of international conferences by the mid-, fostering community collaboration and knowledge sharing on trends. In the 2020s, OWASP shifted toward a more holistic approach to risks, exemplified by the 2021 Top 10 update, which introduced "Insecure Design" as a new category to emphasize architectural flaws and the need for from the outset of development. Building on this, the 2025 Top 10 Release Candidate 1 (RC1), published on November 6, 2025, elevated "Security Misconfiguration" to the second position and introduced "Software Supply Chain Failures" as the third, highlighting vulnerabilities from third-party dependencies and improper configurations in cloud environments as critical threats. Institutionally, OWASP celebrated its 20th anniversary in 2021 with a global virtual event and the simultaneous release of the updated Top 10, underscoring two decades of open collaboration rooted in its founding principles of transparency and community-driven security improvement. This milestone coincided with increased corporate sponsorships, as evidenced by expanded supporter programs and new partnerships funding projects like AI security initiatives, which grew notably in the mid-2020s. In response to emerging threats, OWASP launched dedicated efforts such as the Top 10 for Applications and AI Security Guidance in 2023–2025, providing frameworks to mitigate risks in generative systems like prompt injection and model .

Organizational Structure

Governance and Leadership

The OWASP Foundation serves as the central nonprofit entity, incorporated as a 501(c)(3) organization in the United States, responsible for overseeing the global operations and initiatives of the Open Web Application Security Project. The Foundation is governed by a Global Board of Directors, consisting of seven unpaid volunteer members elected for two-year terms through a democratic process open to individual members in good standing. The Board holds equal voting rights among its members and is responsible for setting the strategic direction, approving policies, managing financial oversight, and appointing leadership roles to advance the Foundation's mission. Elections occur periodically, with the 2025 Board election, which featured candidate nominations, community Q&A sessions, and voting that concluded on October 30, 2025, to ensure community-driven representation. Key leadership roles include the , currently Andrew van der Stock, who oversees day-to-day administration, program execution, and strategic planning, supported by a small staff team. Additionally, volunteer committee chairs lead specialized groups such as the Project Review Team and Conference Committee, embodying OWASP's volunteer-driven model where members contribute expertise without compensation. This structure emphasizes inclusivity, with the Board and leaders providing high-level guidance while empowering global chapters through resource allocation and policy support. Governance is guided by several core policies to maintain transparency and integrity. All OWASP projects are released under licenses, promoting free access, modification, and distribution to foster community collaboration. The Conflict of Interest Policy requires all board members, staff, and participants to disclose potential conflicts annually and recuse themselves from related decisions to preserve objectivity. Furthermore, active leaders, including board directors and committee chairs, receive complimentary individual memberships to facilitate their contributions without financial barriers.

Global Chapters and Committees

OWASP maintains a decentralized network of local chapters that foster community-driven initiatives worldwide. As of late 2025, there are 332 active chapters organized into seven geographic regions: , , , , , , and the Middle East. These chapters host free, open meetings and workshops to promote education, knowledge sharing, and professional networking among developers, professionals, and enthusiasts. Chapter operations are primarily volunteer-led, with leaders coordinating regional activities tailored to local needs, such as discussions on emerging threats and best practices in secure coding. This structure emphasizes grassroots engagement, enabling chapters to address context-specific security challenges while aligning with OWASP's global mission. Additionally, OWASP supports student chapters within academic institutions to integrate into curricula, encouraging early involvement from the next generation of practitioners. Complementing the chapters are specialized committees that provide strategic support and oversight. The Chapter Committee assists in chapter formation, operations, and sustainability, offering resources and guidance to ensure effective community building. The Project Review Team vets and maintains the quality of OWASP resources, evaluating projects for technical rigor and alignment with organizational standards before public release. The Education Committee develops training standards and materials to standardize and elevate education across chapters and beyond. These committees operate under the oversight of the OWASP Global Board to maintain consistency and accountability. A notable recent initiative highlighting student involvement is the 2025 (GSoC) program, where OWASP mentored 15 participants on projects enhancing tools and platforms, thereby bolstering the contributor pipeline for chapters and committees.

Projects and Resources

Major Publications

The OWASP Top 10 serves as a foundational document that highlights the most critical security risks to web applications, drawing from industry data and expert consensus to guide developers in prioritizing defenses. First published in 2003, it undergoes periodic revisions to reflect evolving threats, with the 2025 Release Candidate 1 (RC1) emphasizing persistent issues like (A01, ranked first, involving failures in enforcing user permissions), Security Misconfiguration (A02, inadequate setup of security settings), and (A03, a new category addressing vulnerabilities in dependencies and ). Other categories in the 2025 RC1 include Injection (A05, exploitation of untrusted data inputs), Cryptographic Failures (A04), Insecure Design (A06), and emerging risks such as Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions (A10), each supported by common weakness enumerations (CWEs) and remediation strategies. The update process for the OWASP Top 10 relies on rigorous involvement, including global surveys of professionals and collection of anonymized from organizations worldwide, ensuring the list remains data-driven and aligned with real-world prevalence and exploitability. For the 2025 edition, a dedicated survey was conducted through October 2025 to incorporate on trends, followed by of contributions and before finalization. This methodology, detailed in OWASP's analysis plan, promotes transparency and inclusivity, with over 100,000 points analyzed in recent cycles to rank risks by incidence and impact. Beyond the Top 10, OWASP produces specialized guides to support secure development practices. The OWASP Developer Guide introduces core security concepts for building resilient applications across , , , and environments, offering practical advice on topics like input validation and while cross-referencing other OWASP resources for deeper dives. Similarly, the OWASP Web Security Testing Guide version 4 (v4.2, released in 2020) provides a structured methodology for penetration testing and , organized into phases such as information gathering, testing, and authentication testing, with over 100 testable scenarios mapped to industry standards. The OWASP Code Review Guide, version 2, equips reviewers—ranging from developers to security teams—with techniques to detect issues aligned to the OWASP Top 10, including checklists for common vulnerabilities like and , emphasizing integration into the software development lifecycle (SDLC). The OWASP Application Security Verification Standard (ASVS), currently at version 5.0 (released May 2025), establishes a verifiable framework for assessing controls, serving as a benchmark for procurement, compliance, and testing. It organizes requirements into 14 control categories, including , , , Input Validation, Cryptography, Error Handling and Logging, and Security Configuration, each with leveled requirements (L1 for general protections, up to L3 for high-assurance environments) to enable risk-based verification. Organizations use ASVS to normalize security expectations, with mappings to standards like PCI DSS and ISO 27001 for broader applicability. For organizational-level improvements, the OWASP Software Assurance Maturity Model (SAMM), , offers a prescriptive to evaluate and enhance software security programs across the SDLC. It structures assessments around five business functions—Governance, , , , and Operations—each with maturity levels (0-3) and measurable activities, allowing teams to roadmap iterative progress and demonstrate ROI through metrics like reduced vulnerabilities. SAMM's technology-agnostic supports agile and environments, with tools available for baseline scoring. OWASP also addresses incident management through targeted guidance, exemplified by the GenAI Incident Response Guide 1.0 (released in 2025), which outlines preparation, detection, response, and recovery for security incidents in generative AI systems, integrating with frameworks like NIST and providing playbooks for AI-specific threats such as model poisoning. This resource, developed by the OWASP GenAI Security Project, fills gaps in traditional incident response by focusing on AI-unique risks while remaining accessible to general security practitioners.

Tools and Open-Source Projects

OWASP maintains a diverse portfolio of open-source tools and projects designed to enhance software security practices, with a focus on practical implementation for developers, testers, and security professionals. Among its flagship tools, the Zed Attack Proxy (ZAP) stands out as an integrated penetration testing platform for identifying vulnerabilities in web applications. ZAP supports both automated scanning and manual exploration, making it accessible to users with varying levels of expertise, and includes features like spidering, active scanning, and . Similarly, the Core Rule Set (CRS) provides a collection of generic attack detection rules compatible with and other web application firewalls, enabling real-time protection against common threats such as , , and remote file inclusion. Key projects further support secure development across languages and platforms. The Enterprise Security API (ESAPI) offers a library of security controls for languages like and .NET, facilitating the integration of protections against issues like input validation, output encoding, and directly into application code. For mobile environments, the Mobile Application Security project includes the Mobile Application Security Verification Standard (MASVS), which defines security requirements, and the Mobile Application Security Testing Guide (MASTG), which provides testing methodologies and tools for assessing and apps against risks like insecure data storage and network communication. The OWASP Cheat Sheet Series delivers concise, actionable references on topics ranging from to cryptographic practices, serving as quick aids for implementing defenses aligned with broader OWASP risk categories like the Top 10. OWASP projects follow a structured lifecycle managed by the Project Committee, beginning in the stage for experimental concepts, advancing to for active development and validation, reaching status upon achieving stability and utility, and potentially earning designation for those demonstrating significant strategic impact on . This progression involves community reviews to ensure quality, roadmap adherence, and team support, with over 260 projects currently in various stages as of recent assessments. All OWASP projects are released under permissive open-source licenses, such as the 2.0, allowing free use, modification, and distribution to encourage widespread adoption. Community contributions drive maintenance, with volunteers handling updates, issue resolution, and enhancements through platforms like , ensuring ongoing relevance and responsiveness to evolving security needs.

Education and Training

Curriculum and Guides

OWASP's educational offerings in curriculum and guides emphasize practical, accessible resources to build skills among developers and professionals. The prioritizes modular, open-source materials that integrate into the , fostering a proactive approach to mitigating vulnerabilities without requiring advanced prior knowledge. These resources are designed to be adaptable for self-paced learning, team training, or academic integration, drawing from community-driven expertise to address real-world threats. The OWASP Application Security Curriculum project delivers modular educational resources focused on secure coding practices, security testing methodologies, and verification techniques for software products. It aims to equip developers with the knowledge to build secure applications while enabling evaluators to assess security during development. This curriculum includes structured learning objectives derived from industry gap analyses, promoting a comprehensive understanding of fundamentals across various programming contexts. Key training guides include the Web Security Testing Guide (WSTG), a detailed manual for testing the security of web applications and services through collaborative cybersecurity efforts. Complementing this are materials on the secure development lifecycle, such as the Software Assurance Maturity Model (SAMM), which provides a measurable framework to analyze and enhance security practices throughout the software lifecycle, and the Application Security Verification Standard (ASVS), offering standardized security requirements for application design and testing. These guides emphasize iterative security integration, from requirements gathering to deployment, to reduce common risks like injection flaws and broken access controls. OWASP offers free online resources to support hands-on learning, including the OWASP Developer Guide, which introduces core concepts and serves as a reference for building secure web applications with practical examples. Additional materials encompass video recordings from OWASP events and conferences, available through the organization's channels, as well as the official OWASP series featuring discussions on projects, leadership insights, and cybersecurity trends with industry experts. These assets enable flexible, real-time engagement with evolving security topics. A notable initiative is OWASP's integration with (GSoC) 2025, where it serves as a mentoring to provide practical education through open-source contributions. Participants work on security-focused projects, such as improving developer tools and platforms, gaining hands-on experience under expert guidance to advance their skills. This program underscores OWASP's commitment to nurturing future talent in secure . These curriculum and guides form the foundational learning pathway that underpins OWASP's professional development offerings.

Certifications and Professional Development

OWASP has initiated the development of the OWASP Certified Secure-Software Developer (OCSD) program, aimed at validating in secure software practices. This , still in progress as of 2025, seeks to establish a standardized credential for expertise, focusing on practical competencies derived from OWASP resources like the Top 10 risks. An entry-level certification, the Certified OWASP Security Fundamentals, provides foundational knowledge on the OWASP Top 10 vulnerabilities, including identification, mitigation, and prevention strategies through live demonstrations and practical exercises. Offered in partnership with training providers such as , this program targets beginners in and emphasizes core concepts without requiring prior experience. Beyond personal certifications, OWASP supports application-level verification through the Application Security Verification Standard (ASVS), which outlines levels of for web applications and serves as a for third-party assessments and compliance certifications. Organizations utilize ASVS to benchmark and certify the security posture of their software, often engaging specialized firms for audits aligned with its requirements. OWASP also endorses intensive training boot camps focused on the Top 10 risks, such as those provided by Infosec Institute and CyberStronger, which combine theoretical instruction with hands-on and defense simulations to build professional skills in . These programs, typically spanning several days, prepare participants for real-world challenges. Through collaborations with entities like the , OWASP-aligned courses on Top 10 threats are delivered via structured online , enhancing accessibility for global professionals. Platforms such as host numerous OWASP-inspired courses, though OWASP maintains no proprietary certifications to date, relying instead on these partnerships for skill validation and development.

Community Engagement

Events and Conferences

OWASP organizes a range of global and regional conferences under the AppSec banner, serving as premier gatherings for application security professionals to share knowledge on emerging threats and best practices. The flagship event, OWASP Global AppSec, occurs annually and features multi-day programs with keynote speeches, technical tracks, workshops, and networking opportunities; for instance, the 2025 edition in , took place from November 3 to 7, including three days of hands-on training followed by a two-day attracting over 800 attendees across six tracks focused on topics like secure development and security. Regional AppSec Days complement these by hosting localized conferences, such as the German OWASP Day on November 25-26, 2025, emphasizing secure operations and testing, and the OWASP AppSec Days Uruguay on November 19-20, 2025, in . At the local level, OWASP chapters worldwide facilitate free monthly meetings, hackathons, and webinars to foster community-driven education on current security threats. These events, open to all interested participants, typically cover practical topics like and secure coding; examples include the OWASP Austin Chapter's monthly online meetings and the Chapter's regular gatherings on fundamentals. Hackathons, such as the OWASP Gen Hackathon at 33 in August 2025, encourage collaborative problem-solving on issues like agentic vulnerabilities, while webinars from chapters like address real-time threats such as generative risks. Virtual initiatives expand accessibility through online formats, including the OWASP Global Webinars series, which delivers expert sessions on projects like Passfault and media security tools, and the OWASP Virtual Chapter's weekly meetings featuring cybersecurity professionals. A notable virtual event was the 20th Anniversary celebration on September 24, 2021, which included keynotes on OWASP's history and future, such as Mark Curphey's reflections on two decades of the organization, streamed to a global audience. Additionally, extends to feedback mechanisms, exemplified by the OWASP Top 10 Community Survey launched in September 2025, which gathered practitioner input until October 3 to refine the 2025 release, culminating in discussions at the Global AppSec USA conference.

Awards and Recognition

The OWASP Foundation recognizes outstanding contributions through its annual WASPY Awards, established in 2012 to honor top performers across various categories such as , , and . These awards are determined via a community-driven process involving nominations and voting by OWASP members, emphasizing merit, impact on the organization's mission, and sustained involvement. For instance, in 2024, Felipe Zipitría received the award for his leadership in the OWASP Core Ruleset project. The 2025 winners included John DiLeo as and Jim Manico as , selected through similar electoral processes. These honors, which carry no cash prizes, are typically presented at OWASP conferences to celebrate community dedication. In addition to the WASPY Awards, OWASP offers non-financial recognitions like Distinguished Lifetime Memberships, granted by the Global Board to individuals demonstrating extraordinary long-term service to the foundation and its goals of improving software security. This initiative reformed from earlier honorary memberships, focusing on sustained, high-impact contributions over many years without monetary incentives. The foundation also supports contributors through financial grants for projects and mission-aligned activities, available to chapters, projects, committees, or events upon approval. These grants fund deliverables like research, tool development, or sabbaticals, prioritizing initiatives that advance OWASP's open-source security resources, with transparent criteria ensuring alignment with organizational objectives. Externally, OWASP has received accolades such as the 2014 SC Awards U.S. Editor's Choice award from SC Media, recognizing the foundation's overall excellence in cybersecurity community efforts. Community-voted elements extend to board elections, where members select leadership based on demonstrated commitment and expertise.

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