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PFC

'''PFC''' is an initialism or abbreviation with multiple meanings. The following is a list of notable uses: == Biology and medicine == == Technology and engineering ==

[[Power factor correction]], an electrical engineering technique
[[Protocol field compression]] (PFC), a network protocol optimization

== Military and government == == Organizations ==

[[Power Finance Corporation]], an Indian financial institution
[[PFC Energy]], a former energy consulting firm
[[Pacific Fur Company]], a historical fur trading company

== Sports ==

[[PFC CSKA Sofia|CSKA Sofia]] and other association football clubs using "PFC"
Other sports uses

== Other uses ==

Parent–faculty club (PFC)
Perfect Fried Chicken, a food chain

Biology and medicine

Prefrontal cortex

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is the anterior portion of the frontal lobes of the brain, situated behind the forehead and in front of the primary motor and premotor cortices. It encompasses several Brodmann areas, including 9, 10, 11, 12, and 46, which form distinct subregions such as the dorsolateral PFC (primarily areas 9 and 46), the orbitofrontal cortex (areas 11, 12, 13, and 47), and the medial PFC (areas 24, 25, and 32). This region serves as a hub for executive functions, integrating sensory, emotional, and cognitive information to guide complex behavior. The PFC maintains extensive reciprocal connections with subcortical structures, particularly the limbic system—including the amygdala, hippocampus, and thalamus—enabling it to modulate emotional responses and memory processes in service of goal-directed actions.^[1]^[2]^[1] Key functions of the PFC include decision-making, planning, working memory, social behavior regulation, and personality expression. The dorsolateral PFC is critical for cognitive control, such as maintaining information in working memory and inhibiting inappropriate responses, while the ventromedial PFC plays a central role in emotional regulation, value-based decision-making, and moderating social conduct by integrating affective signals from the limbic system. These functions allow the PFC to orchestrate adaptive behavior in dynamic environments, suppressing impulsive actions and facilitating abstract reasoning. Disruptions in PFC activity can lead to deficits in self-control and foresight, underscoring its role in higher-order cognition.^[3]^[1]^[4] Historically, the PFC's significance was dramatically illustrated by the 1848 case of Phineas Gage, a railroad foreman whose personality and social inhibitions profoundly changed after a tamping iron pierced his frontal lobes, providing early evidence of the region's involvement in modulating behavior and emotion. The term "prefrontal" was first introduced in 1884 by neuroanatomists David Ferrier and G. E. Yeo to describe the cortical area anterior to the motor regions. Subsequent anatomical studies in the early 20th century, including those by Korbinian Brodmann, further delineated its cytoarchitectonic boundaries and functional heterogeneity.^[5]^[6] Clinically, PFC dysfunction is implicated in various psychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), where hypoactivation in the dorsolateral PFC contributes to impaired attention and impulse control; schizophrenia, characterized by reduced dorsolateral PFC activity during working memory tasks; and major depressive disorder, involving altered ventromedial PFC metabolism and connectivity. Recent 2025 studies have identified PFC biomarkers predicting depression treatment outcomes and highlighted its extended development implications for mental illnesses like schizophrenia and ADHD.^[7]^[8] Neuroimaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) have been instrumental in elucidating these associations, revealing hypofrontality in schizophrenia and aberrant PFC-limbic interactions in depression and ADHD. These insights have informed therapeutic approaches, including cognitive behavioral interventions targeting executive functions.^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]

Perfluorinated compounds

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), also known as perfluoroalkyl substances, are a class of synthetic organofluorine chemicals characterized by a fully fluorinated carbon chain, where all hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon backbone have been replaced by fluorine atoms, resulting in the complete absence of C-H bonds.^[13] This structural feature imparts exceptional chemical and thermal stability, making PFCs highly resistant to hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, and biodegradation under typical environmental conditions.^[14] Prominent examples include perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), which exemplify the perfluoroalkyl and perfluoroalkanesulfonyl functional groups commonly found in these compounds. Developed in the late 1930s and early 1940s, PFCs were first commercialized by companies such as DuPont for applications leveraging their inert properties; for instance, DuPont began producing Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) using PFOA as a processing aid in 1946.^[15] These compounds have since been widely incorporated into consumer and industrial products, including non-stick coatings for cookware like Teflon, aqueous film-forming foams for firefighting, water- and stain-repellent treatments for fabrics and carpets, and lubricants or surfactants in electronics manufacturing.^[14] Their utility stems from surface tension-lowering abilities and oleophobic/hydrophobic characteristics, enabling effective repellency and durability in harsh conditions.^[16] Despite their benefits, PFCs exhibit significant environmental persistence, often termed "forever chemicals" due to half-lives exceeding decades in the environment, leading to widespread bioaccumulation in wildlife and human tissues.^[14] Human exposure, detected in over 97% of Americans' blood serum, has been associated with adverse health effects including thyroid hormone disruption, immune system suppression, increased cholesterol levels, and elevated risks of certain cancers such as kidney and testicular cancer.^[14] In response to these concerns, long-chain PFCs like PFOS and PFOA faced voluntary phase-outs by major manufacturers starting in the early 2000s, with PFOS added to Annex B of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants in 2009 to restrict global production and use.^[17] Regulatory efforts continue, with ongoing evaluations for additional PFAS under frameworks like the U.S. EPA's health advisories and the European Union's REACH restrictions. As of 2025, the U.S. EPA proposed changes to PFAS reporting under TSCA in November, ECHA published an updated PFAS restriction proposal in August, and states introduced over 350 related bills.^[18]^[19]^[20]

Plaque-forming cells

Plaque-forming cells (PFCs), also known as antibody-forming cells, are individual lymphoid cells, typically derived from the spleen, that secrete specific antibodies capable of lysing antigen-coated indicator red blood cells in the presence of complement, resulting in visible hemolytic plaques.^[21] This detection relies on the Jerne plaque assay, a seminal technique developed by Niels K. Jerne and Albert A. Nordin in 1963, which revolutionized the study of humoral immunity by enabling the enumeration of antibody-producing B cells at the single-cell level.^[22]^[23] The assay method involves suspending spleen cells in a semi-solid medium such as agar or agarose mixed with antigen-sensitized sheep red blood cells (SRBCs), followed by incubation to allow antibody secretion and subsequent addition of complement to visualize lysis zones as clear plaques against an opaque background.^[21] Distinct plaques form around each antibody-secreting cell due to the radial diffusion of antibodies binding to nearby SRBCs, leading to complement-mediated hemolysis; this direct visualization quantifies PFCs per million spleen cells, distinguishing primarily IgM-producing direct plaques from IgG-producing indirect plaques (developed using anti-IgG facilitation).^[22]^[24] The technique was initially described using mouse spleen cells immunized against SRBCs, highlighting its sensitivity to detect rare antigen-specific responders.^[22] Key procedural steps begin with immunization of an experimental animal, such as a mouse, via intravenous injection of SRBCs to elicit a primary humoral response, typically peaking 4-5 days post-immunization.^[25] The spleen is then surgically extracted, dissociated into a single-cell suspension, and overlaid in soft agar (0.45-0.5%) containing 10-20% SRBCs; after 1-2 hours of incubation at 37°C, guinea pig complement is added, and plaques are counted under magnification after further incubation.^[21] This ex vivo approach captures the magnitude of the B-cell response without requiring cell culture propagation.^[24] The Jerne plaque assay has been widely applied to assess humoral immune responses in vaccine efficacy studies, where PFC counts correlate with protective antibody production; in infection models to evaluate pathogen-specific immunity; and in immunodeficiency research to diagnose defects in B-cell function, such as reduced IgM or IgG plaque formation in immunodeficient strains.^[26]^[27] For instance, it quantifies isotype-specific responses, with direct plaques measuring early IgM secretion and indirect plaques assessing class-switched IgG, providing insights into T-cell help and memory formation.^[28]^[21] Despite its foundational role, the assay is semi-quantitative, subject to variability from plaque overlap at high cell densities or subjective counting, and requires fresh tissue, limiting its use in human studies.^[21] Modern techniques like flow cytometry, which enable multiparametric analysis of B-cell subsets and cytokine production without lysis visualization, have largely replaced it for greater precision and throughput in contemporary immunology research.^[29]^[24]

Technology and engineering

Power factor correction

Power factor correction (PFC) is a technique used in electrical engineering to improve the power factor of alternating current (AC) circuits by compensating for reactive power, thereby bringing the power factor closer to unity (1.0).^[30] This process minimizes the difference between the apparent power drawn from the supply and the real power consumed by the load, reducing energy losses and improving overall system efficiency.^[31] The power factor (PF) is defined as the cosine of the phase angle θ between the voltage and current waveforms in an AC circuit, expressed as PF = cos(θ).^[32] A low power factor, typically caused by inductive loads that introduce a phase lag, results in higher apparent power for the same real power, leading to inefficiencies such as increased current flow, higher transmission losses, and potential penalties imposed by utility providers for excessive reactive power demand.^[33] The apparent power S relates to the real power P and power factor by the equation S = P / PF, where S is measured in volt-amperes (VA), P in watts (W), and PF is dimensionless between 0 and 1.^[34] Common techniques for power factor correction include passive methods, such as connecting capacitors in parallel with inductive loads to supply the necessary reactive power and cancel the phase shift.^[35] For more precise control in modern applications, active PFC circuits employ switching devices like transistors in topologies such as boost converters, which dynamically shape the input current waveform to align with the voltage, achieving power factors up to 0.99.^[31] The sizing of correction capacitors is determined using the reactive power compensation formula Q_c = P (tan φ_1 - tan φ_2), where Q_c is the reactive power provided by the capacitor (in VAR), P is the real power, φ_1 is the initial phase angle, and φ_2 is the desired phase angle after correction.^[36] This derivation stems from the power triangle, where the uncorrected reactive power Q_1 = P tan φ_1 and the corrected Q_2 = P tan φ_2, so the capacitor supplies the difference to shift the phase.^[35] PFC finds widespread applications in industrial settings, such as compensating for the low power factor of motors in manufacturing plants, and in consumer electronics like computer power supplies and LED lighting systems to ensure efficient operation and compliance with regulations.^[33] International standards, including IEC 61000-3-2, mandate limits on harmonic currents in equipment above certain power ratings, requiring active PFC to reduce total harmonic distortion (THD) and maintain a minimum power factor, particularly for devices connected to public supply systems.^[37] Historically, power factor correction emerged in the early 20th century with the use of synchronous condensers—overexcited synchronous motors acting as reactive power sources—to improve grid stability and efficiency in industrial applications.^[38] Active PFC techniques gained prominence in the 1990s, driven by the adoption of harmonic standards like IEC 61000-3-2, which necessitated advanced switching converters in high-volume electronics to meet regulatory compliance and reduce grid disturbances.^[31]

Protocol field compression

Protocol field compression (PFC) is a configuration option in the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) that enables the compression of the PPP frame's Protocol field from two octets to one octet, providing a minor bandwidth saving on links where PPP is used. Defined in RFC 1661 as part of the Link Control Protocol (LCP), PFC is negotiated during the PPP link establishment phase to trade implementation simplicity for efficiency.^[39] The Protocol field in PPP frames identifies the encapsulated datagram type (e.g., IP = 0x0021). Standard Protocol values are 16 bits (two octets), but if the most significant octet is zero (common for values below 0x0100), PFC allows transmission of only the least significant octet, with its most significant bit (bit 7) set to 1 to distinguish it from extended (two-octet) Protocol fields or other single-octet formats. This compression applies only when both peers agree via the LCP Configuration Option (type 7, length 2, no additional data). If not negotiated, the full two-octet field is used, with the high octet's least significant bit set to 0 for standard protocols. The receiving end decompresses by checking the single octet's bit 7: if set, it assumes a zero high octet.^[40] PFC is often used alongside the Address-and-Control-Field-Compression (ACFC) option to further reduce PPP header overhead from 4 bytes (Flag, Address, Control, Protocol) to as little as 1-2 bytes. It finds application in bandwidth-constrained PPP links, such as dial-up modems, ISDN, serial lines, and early DSL/ATM adaptations, where even small savings matter. As of 2025, PFC remains supported in modern router and device implementations for legacy PPP compatibility, though its impact is negligible on high-speed links compared to more advanced compression schemes like IP Header Compression (IPHC). Developed as part of PPP in the early 1990s, PFC was specified in RFC 1661 (published July 1994).^[39] Error handling for PFC relies on PPP's framing and FCS (Frame Check Sequence); a compressed Protocol field error would typically cause frame rejection, triggering LCP reconfiguration. Unlike full header compression protocols, PFC has no context state or delta encoding, making it robust to packet loss but limited in savings (exactly 1 byte per frame when applicable). Note that the acronym PFC also denotes power factor correction in electrical engineering, an unrelated concept focused on AC power optimization.^[39]

Military and government

Private first class

Private first class (PFC) is a junior enlisted rank in the United States military, serving as an entry-level position above private and below higher non-commissioned officer or specialist ranks. In the U.S. Army, PFC holds the pay grade E-3 and represents the third-lowest enlisted rank, typically achieved after completing basic and advanced individual training. In the U.S. Marine Corps, PFC is the pay grade E-2, marking the first promotion from private (E-1) and involving initial responsibilities in unit operations. This rank emphasizes foundational leadership, such as executing basic tasks, maintaining equipment, and supporting team efforts under supervision, with soldiers or Marines at this level often assigned roles like machine gunners or secure area monitors to build practical skills.^[41]^[42]^[43] The rank originated during World War I to recognize skilled privates, with the Marine Corps formally establishing PFC in 1917 to align with Army structures and facilitate wartime integration. In the Army, the rank was similarly introduced around this period, with insignia approvals in 1919, and it became a standard part of the enlisted hierarchy by the early 1920s to denote experienced entry-level personnel. Insignia for PFC consists of a single upward-pointing chevron worn on the sleeve; in both the Army and Marine Corps, this simple design distinguishes it from the no-insignia private rank below.^[44]^[45] Promotion to PFC requires meeting time-in-service and performance standards. In the Army, soldiers are eligible after approximately 12 months of total service, including at least four months as private (E-2), based on evaluations of conduct and training completion. In the Marine Corps, promotion occurs after six months of active duty as private, provided service is satisfactory, as determined by company commanders. Base pay for an Army PFC (E-3) with less than two years of service is $2,733 per month in 2025, while a Marine Corps PFC (E-2) receives $2,599.20 monthly under the same conditions.^[46]^[47]^[48] The rank has equivalents in other militaries, such as the Canadian Armed Forces' private (trained), which denotes basic competency similar to PFC responsibilities.^[46]^[47]^[48]

Passenger facility charge

The Passenger Facility Charge (PFC) is a user fee imposed by eligible public agencies operating U.S. commercial service airports on each paying passenger enplaning at the airport, capped at $4.50 per enplanement.^[49] Authorized by Congress through the Aviation Safety and Capacity Expansion Act of 1990 and codified at 49 U.S.C. § 40117, the program began allowing collections in May 1992 to provide a dedicated funding source for airport infrastructure.^[50] Initially limited to $3.00 per enplanement, the maximum charge was raised to $4.50 in April 2000 under the Wendell H. Ford Aviation Investment and Reform Act for the 21st Century (AIR-21).^[51] Airlines collect the PFC as part of the ticket price and hold the funds in trust, remitting them quarterly to the airport operator after deducting a $0.11 compensation fee per collected charge.^[52] The revenues must finance FAA-approved projects that preserve or enhance airport capacity, safety, or security, such as runway expansions, terminal renovations, and security enhancements.^[50] Airports apply to the FAA for imposition and use authority, detailing proposed projects and estimated revenues; as of 2025, more than 300 U.S. commercial service airports actively collect PFCs, including all large-hub airports at the $4.50 level.^[53] For instance, Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) imposes the maximum $4.50 PFC to support ongoing capital improvements.^[54] Prior to 2020, PFC collections generated approximately $2.5 billion annually, providing a stable, passenger-based revenue stream insulated from federal budget fluctuations.^[55] Certain exemptions apply, including no charge for nonrevenue passengers, those using frequent flyer awards, flights between points in Hawaii, or Alaska flights on aircraft with fewer than 60 seats; additionally, PFCs are limited to the first two enplanements per one-way trip (or four for round trips).^[56] International passengers enplaning at U.S. airports generally pay the fee, though foreign carriers not serving other U.S. points are exempt from collection requirements.^[56] The PFC program has faced legal challenges, primarily from airlines contesting FAA approvals, but courts have consistently upheld the authority, as in Northwest Airlines, Inc. v. FAA (1994), where the D.C. Circuit affirmed the agency's discretion in approving charges at Memphis International Airport.^[57] As of November 2025, airport associations are advocating for an increase in the PFC cap to $7.00 or higher to address growing infrastructure needs, with discussions involving the Trump administration.^[58]

Organizations

Power Finance Corporation

Power Finance Corporation (PFC) is a public sector undertaking and India's largest infrastructure finance company, established on July 16, 1986, as a wholly owned government enterprise under the Ministry of Power.^[59] Classified as a Schedule-A Maharatna Central Public Sector Enterprise (CPSE) since October 2021, PFC functions as a leading non-banking financial company (NBFC) dedicated to financing power sector projects, including generation, transmission, and distribution.^[59] With its registered office in New Delhi and regional offices in Mumbai and Chennai, the corporation supports India's energy security by providing long-term debt financing, equity investments, and guarantees to public and private entities in the infrastructure domain.^[59] PFC's operations center on extending financial assistance for power infrastructure, with a standalone loan asset book reaching ₹5,61,209 crore as of September 30, 2025, reflecting growth from ₹5,43,120 crore as of March 31, 2025 (12.81% year-on-year from March 2024).^[60]^[61] The company went public through an initial public offering in 2007 and has been listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) since February 23, 2007, enabling broader access to capital markets.^[62] As the largest NBFC by net worth in its sector, PFC maintains low non-performing assets (NPAs), consistent profitability, and the lowest administrative costs among peers, while holding top credit ratings such as AAA from CRISIL, ICRA, and CARE, and international ratings like Baa3 from Moody's.^[59] In key initiatives, PFC has prioritized renewable energy financing, supporting approximately 60 GW of renewable capacity additions till FY 2025, which accounts for about 27% of India's non-fossil fuel-based installed capacity.^[63] Its renewable portfolio grew to ₹84,679 crore as of September 30, 2025 (from ₹81,451 crore as of June 30, 2025), marking a 32% year-on-year increase from September 2024, aligning with national targets for sustainable energy transition.^[60]^[63] PFC also contributes to rural electrification as a nodal agency for schemes like the Revamped Distribution Sector Scheme (RDSS) and partners with the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) through memoranda of understanding for blended finance facilities in rural infrastructure.^[64] Financially, the PFC Group achieved a consolidated profit after tax of ₹30,514 crore in FY 2025 (ending March 31, 2025), a 15% increase from ₹26,461 crore in FY 2024 (which was a 25% increase from FY 2023), underscoring its robust performance amid sector challenges.^[61] The Government of India holds a 55.99% stake in the company as of September 2025.^[60] Key milestones include its transformation post-2014 power sector reforms, expanding from power-specific financing to multi-sector lending in areas like renewables, logistics, and infrastructure, which diversified its portfolio and strengthened its role in national development.^[65]

PFC Energy

PFC Energy was an international energy consulting firm founded in 1984 by J. Robinson West in Washington, D.C., specializing in research, strategy, and advisory services for the global oil and gas industry. The firm provided in-depth market analysis, competitive intelligence, and strategic guidance across the energy value chain, helping clients navigate complex geopolitical, economic, and operational challenges. At its peak, PFC Energy employed over 130 analysts and consultants and maintained offices in Washington, D.C., Houston, London, Paris, Singapore, Tokyo, and Moscow.^[66]^[67] The company's services encompassed advising on oil and gas markets, public policy, and mergers and acquisitions, with a focus on upstream exploration and production, midstream transportation and storage, and downstream refining and marketing sectors. PFC Energy offered tailored solutions such as business development strategies, liquefied natural gas (LNG) and power sector planning, oil market risk assessments, and investor relations support through subscriptions, workshops, and bespoke consulting engagements. Its clients included major oil multinationals, national oil companies, service providers, investors, and governments, notably providing research and strategic advice to OPEC member states and international energy operators.^[66]^[67] PFC Energy made significant contributions to global energy discourse, particularly through its annual reports and forecasts on supply and demand trends. The firm was influential in the 2000s peak oil debates, projecting that non-OPEC production would plateau and begin declining shortly after 2010 due to depleting reserves and insufficient new discoveries, thereby increasing reliance on OPEC capacity amid growing global demand of 1.1% to 2.4% annually. It consulted for governments and leading energy companies on policy formulation, investment decisions, and market outlooks, enhancing strategic planning in volatile environments.^[68]^[69] In June 2013, IHS Inc. acquired PFC Energy to bolster its energy information and analytics portfolio, integrating the firm's expertise into its broader offerings. Following the 2016 merger of IHS and Markit to form IHS Markit, and the subsequent 2022 acquisition of IHS Markit by S&P Global, PFC Energy's data, insights, and methodologies became embedded in S&P Global's energy research services, continuing to support industry stakeholders worldwide.^[67]^[66]

Pacific Fur Company

The Pacific Fur Company (PFC) was an American fur trading enterprise founded in 1810 by John Jacob Astor, a prominent New York businessman, as a subsidiary of his American Fur Company to exploit the lucrative beaver pelt trade in the Pacific Northwest and establish a commercial route to China.^[70] Astor organized the venture with a capital investment aimed at creating a trading empire, partnering with experienced traders including Alexander McKay, Donald McKenzie, and Duncan McDougall, while securing a charter in 1809 to facilitate operations.^[70] The company's strategy involved two parallel expeditions: a maritime journey aboard the ship Tonquin under Captain Jonathan Thorn, which arrived at the Columbia River mouth in March 1811, and an overland expedition led by Wilson Price Hunt, comprising about 60 men including partners, clerks, and trappers, which departed from St. Louis in October 1810 and reached the site in February 1812 after a grueling trek following the route of Lewis and Clark.^[71]^[70] Operations centered on Fort Astoria, established in 1811 on the southern shore of the Columbia River as the first permanent American settlement west of the Rocky Mountains, serving as a depot for exchanging European goods like blankets, tools, and firearms with Native American tribes such as the Chinook and Clatsop for beaver pelts.^[72] From this base, the company expanded inland, constructing additional posts including Fort Okanogan in 1811, Shewhap's Post and Wallace House in 1812, and others along rivers like the Clearwater and Spokane to collect furs from trapping parties and indigenous hunters.^[70] The workforce included over 60 traders and partners, supplemented by about 12 Hawaiian laborers hired for manual tasks, though the enterprise faced challenges from harsh terrain, internal conflicts, and volatile relations with local tribes.^[70] Trading activities focused on high-value beaver pelts, which were intended for shipment to Canton for sale in exchange for tea and silks, but yields were modest due to competition and logistical difficulties.^[71] Key events unfolded amid escalating tensions from the War of 1812, which threatened American assets with British naval blockades and potential seizure by Royal Navy vessels.^[73] In October 1813, PFC partners Duncan McDougall, Donald Mackenzie, and John Clarke negotiated the sale of all company properties—including Fort Astoria (renamed Fort George), Fort Okanogan, and several river outposts—to the rival North West Company for approximately $58,000 in goods and cash, allowing many American employees to either return east or join the British firm.^[73]^[70] Independent operations effectively ceased by mid-1814, with the North West Company's assets merging into the Hudson's Bay Company in 1821, which continued fur trading at the site until shifting focus to salmon exports in the 1830s.^[70]^[72] The Pacific Fur Company's brief existence marked a pivotal moment in U.S. westward expansion, symbolizing American commercial ambitions in the Oregon Country and bolstering territorial claims through the establishment of Fort Astoria, which influenced the Oregon Treaty of 1846 that resolved boundary disputes with Britain along the 49th parallel.^[74]^[71] Despite its commercial failure—yielding Astor little profit and prompting employee Alexander Ross to later describe it as "an association which promised so much, and accomplished so little"—the venture laid foundational precedents for American presence in the region, with the historical site of Fort Astoria now preserved in modern Astoria, Oregon.^[70]^[72]

Sports

Association football

In Bulgaria, the abbreviation PFC stands for "Professional Football Club" (Професионален Футболен Клуб), serving as a legal designation for professional association football teams formalized following the introduction of professional structures in Bulgarian football after 1948.^[75] This status distinguishes professional entities from amateur or semi-professional ones, enabling participation in the highest levels of competition under the oversight of the Bulgarian Football Union (BFU). These PFC-designated clubs primarily compete in the Parva Liga (First Professional Football League), Bulgaria's top-tier division established in its current professional format in 2016, though the league's roots trace back to earlier national championships.^[76] To maintain PFC status and eligibility for the Parva Liga, clubs must secure annual professional licensing from the BFU, which evaluates criteria including financial stability, infrastructure, and youth development programs. Among the most prominent Bulgarian PFC clubs is PFC Levski Sofia, founded on May 24, 1914, by students in Sofia and named after national hero Vasil Levski; it has won 26 Parva Liga titles, establishing it as one of the country's foundational powerhouses. Another historic giant is PFC CSKA Sofia, officially established on May 5, 1948, as the Central Sports Club of the Army, with a record 31 league championships that underscore its dominance during the mid-20th century and beyond. PFC Lokomotiv Plovdiv, tracing its origins to a merger of railway workers' teams and officially founded in 1926, has claimed four titles and remains a consistent contender in the Parva Liga. In more recent years, PFC Ludogorets Razgrad has transformed Bulgarian football since its promotion in 2011, capturing 14 consecutive Parva Liga titles as of 2025 through aggressive investment and consistent performance. On the international stage, these clubs have represented Bulgaria in UEFA competitions, with PFC CSKA Sofia and PFC Levski Sofia making multiple appearances in the UEFA Champions League qualifying rounds since the 1950s and 1960s, respectively, including group stage entries in the modern era.^[77]^[78] PFC Ludogorets Razgrad has notably advanced to the Champions League group stages on several occasions, including in 2014 and 2021, marking a shift in Bulgaria's European presence. Outside Bulgaria, the PFC designation is rare in association football nomenclature.

Other sports

In addition to its prominent use in association football clubs, the acronym PFC appears in various other sports contexts, particularly in combat sports and team-based competitions. The Pillow Fight Championship (PFC) is a professional pillow fighting league founded in 2021, featuring competitive matches with specialized rules emphasizing safety, speed, and technique using foam-filled pillows as weapons. Sanctioned events have been broadcast on ESPN platforms, including ESPN8: The Ocho, highlighting bouts that combine athleticism and entertainment while minimizing injury risk through protective gear and regulated strikes. The organization has expanded to include international tournaments and youth programs, promoting pillow fighting as an accessible, low-impact sport.^[79] In mixed martial arts (MMA), Peak Fighting Championship (PFC) operates as a regional promotion based in Arkansas, USA, founded in 2018 and hosting events since then that feature amateur and professional fighters in disciplines such as MMA, Muay Thai, and bare-knuckle boxing. Notable cards, like PFC 40 in 2024, draw crowds to venues across Texas and Louisiana, with streaming available on platforms like YouTube to broaden accessibility. The promotion emphasizes talent development for emerging fighters aiming for major leagues. Rugby provides another example with Pōneke Football Club (PFC), a historic New Zealand-based club established in 1883 and affiliated with the Wellington Rugby Football Union. Competing in domestic leagues, Pōneke fields multiple senior teams and has a tradition of fostering community involvement, including women's and youth squads, contributing to the sport's growth in the region.^[80] In basketball, Pelicans PFC (also known as Pelicans FC) competes in Costa Rica's Liga Superior de Baloncesto, securing the national championship in 2023 as underdogs against established rivals. The team, based in San José, focuses on fast-paced play and player development, participating in regional tournaments to elevate Costa Rican basketball's profile internationally.^[81] Other instances include amateur hockey clubs like PFC Flyers Varsity Hockey in Texas, which fields high school-level teams in local leagues, emphasizing skill-building and teamwork. Similarly, PFC Hockey in Argentina operates youth and adult programs to promote ice hockey in a non-traditional market. These examples illustrate PFC's versatile application across diverse athletic domains beyond football.^[82]^[83]

Other uses

Parent–faculty club

A Parent–Faculty Club (PFC) is a volunteer-based organization comprising parents, teachers, and school staff dedicated to supporting elementary and middle schools at the local level. Unlike the national Parent-Teacher Association (PTA), which maintains a centralized structure, PFCs operate independently as school-specific nonprofits, focusing exclusively on their community's needs without affiliation to broader networks. This setup allows for tailored initiatives that enhance the educational environment directly.^[84]^[85] PFCs emerged in the United States during the early 20th century as localized alternatives to the national PTA, which was established in 1897 to advocate for child welfare on a broader scale. By the 1920s, the parent-teacher movement had expanded significantly, with independent groups like PFCs forming to address immediate school-level concerns amid growing public education demands. These organizations became widespread in both public and private schools, particularly in regions such as California, where they adapted to diverse district needs without the oversight of national bodies.^[86]^[87]^[88] Structurally, PFCs are governed by elected officers—including positions like president, vice president, treasurer, and secretary—and operate under formal bylaws that outline meeting protocols, decision-making processes, and financial management as required for nonprofit status. Membership is typically automatic for parents and guardians of enrolled students, with no mandatory fees in many cases, though some clubs collect voluntary dues ranging from $5 to $20 annually to support operations. Notable examples include PFCs in California districts such as the Mt. Diablo Unified School District, where groups like the Walnut Acres PFC maintain independent bylaws tailored to their schools.^[89]^[90]^[91] Key activities of PFCs include fundraising through community events such as bake sales, silent auctions, and read-a-thons; planning enriching school programs like dances, book fairs, and family nights; and serving as advocates by liaising with school administration on local education policies to promote student welfare. These efforts bridge home and school environments, enabling collaborative support for teachers and programs not fully covered by district budgets.^[92]^[93]^[89] The impact of PFCs is significant in supplementing school resources, with many raising $1,000 to $50,000 per year per school to fund classroom supplies, field trips, technology, and extracurricular activities. This financial and volunteer support not only addresses practical gaps but also strengthens community ties, increasing parental involvement and overall school engagement. For instance, median fundraising totals for similar local groups hover around $8,500 annually, underscoring their role in equitable education enhancement despite varying school sizes.^[94]^[95]^[96]

Perfect Fried Chicken

Perfect Fried Chicken (PFC) is a common name used by numerous independent halal fried chicken restaurants primarily in London, UK, with one of the early outlets established in the mid-1990s in East London.^[97]^[98] These outlets have proliferated amid the UK's fried chicken boom, with several across London and other urban areas as of 2025, though exact figures vary due to their independent nature.^[99] Unlike centralized franchises, PFC shops are typically family-run businesses catering to local communities, emphasizing affordable, authentic Southern-style fried chicken prepared with fresh halal meat.^[100] The history of PFC traces back to its early locations in East London during the 1990s, which have since inspired widespread adoption of the name.^[98] Expansion occurred rapidly during the 1990s and 2000s, fueled by the surge in independent chicken shops across the UK, particularly in diverse urban neighborhoods like Tower Hamlets, where low startup costs and demand for quick, inexpensive halal meals drove growth.^[100] By the early 2000s, multiple PFC outlets dotted high streets in areas such as Poplar and Finsbury Park, competing with global chains like KFC and other local takeaways through competitive pricing and community ties.^[99] This proliferation reflects broader trends in British fast food, where immigrant entrepreneurs adapted American-style fried chicken to suit halal preferences and local tastes.^[101] PFC menus center on Southern-inspired fried chicken dishes, including buckets, wings, strips, and burgers, often seasoned with spices for a mildly spicy profile without additives like MSG.^[102] Outlets prioritize fresh, halal-certified chicken sourced daily, paired with sides like chips, rice, or salads, and occasional additions such as kebabs or peri-peri options to appeal to diverse palates.^[103] Meals are designed for value, with family buckets and kids' deals featuring 2-12 pieces of chicken alongside drinks, maintaining a focus on simplicity and quality over extensive variety.^[104] The business model of PFC outlets is predominantly independent and franchise-free, with operators setting up in high-traffic urban locations to serve Muslim and British-Asian communities seeking convenient, culturally appropriate fast food.^[99] Shops are commonly found on bustling high streets, offering dine-in, takeaway, and delivery via platforms like Uber Eats, with average meal prices ranging from £5 to £10 to ensure accessibility.^[105] This localized approach fosters loyalty through consistent halal standards and generous portions, though it also means variability in service and quality across locations.^[102] Culturally, PFC has become an iconic element of British-Asian street food, symbolizing affordable indulgence in multicultural neighborhoods and earning praise in reviews for its crispy, authentic fried chicken.^[102] Featured in media as a staple of London's "chicken shop" scene, it represents the fusion of American fast food with halal traditions, occasionally highlighted for its role in community dining amid the city's diverse culinary landscape.^[100]

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