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Super 8

''Super 8'' may refer to:
  • Super 8 film format, a small-gauge motion picture film format introduced by Eastman Kodak in 1965
  • ''Super 8 (2011 film)'', a science fiction film directed by J. J. Abrams
  • Rugby league Super 8s, a playoff format in British rugby league
  • Super Eight (cricket), a stage in international cricket tournaments
  • Other sports competitions using the name
  • Super8 & Tab, a Finnish trance music duo
  • Other musical acts and releases
  • Super 8 (hotel), a budget hotel chain
  • Zilog Z8 microcontroller family, sometimes referred to as Super 8

Film

Super 8 film format

Super 8 is a motion picture developed by Eastman Kodak and introduced in the spring of 1965 as a successor to the Standard 8 mm (also known as Regular 8 mm) format, which had been in use since 1932. The new format was unveiled at the , aiming to simplify amateur filmmaking by addressing the limitations of earlier 8 mm systems, such as manual film threading and smaller image areas. It quickly gained popularity among enthusiasts, educators, and independent filmmakers due to its ease of use and improved image quality, becoming the dominant small-gauge format through the 1970s. The Super 8 format utilizes 8 mm-wide color or film stock with a single row of smaller perforations along one edge, enabling a larger exposed frame size of 5.79 mm wide by 4.01 mm high—roughly 50% greater than the 4.37 mm by 3.30 mm frame of . This design, standardized by ANSI/SMPTE ST 149, provides an of approximately 1.44:1, closer to the of 1.37:1, and supports higher resolution with finer grain structure. Typical frame rates are 18 frames per second () for silent films, yielding about 3.25 minutes of runtime per cartridge, though sound-equipped systems often use 24 , reducing runtime to around 2.5 minutes. A key innovation is the drop-in plastic cartridge system, which contains 50 feet (15.24 meters) of pre-loaded, pre-perforated that is automatically advanced upon insertion into the camera, eliminating the need for manual loading and reducing jams. Cartridges feature precision notches to automatically set the camera's exposure index (/ISO) and compensation, supporting films from 25 to 500 , such as early II (ASA 25 /40 daylight). This foolproof mechanism, powered by battery-driven motors in compatible cameras, allowed for uninterrupted filming and was compatible with a wide range of projectors and editors. In 1973, Kodak introduced Super 8 cartridges with an edge magnetic stripe for optical or magnetic sound recording, expanding the format's capabilities for synchronized audio without requiring separate equipment. These sound cartridges, slightly thicker at 38 mm, provided single-channel audio tracks alongside the image, with full-coat magnetic stripes for also available that year. Derivative formats like Single 8 (, 1965) used similar specs but with cellulose acetate base and reversible cartridges, while European variants such as Double Super 8 employed twin-perforated 16 mm stock split post-exposure. The format's popularity waned in the late 1970s and 1980s due to the rise of affordable video camcorders, leading to discontinue cartridge production in 1990 and most Super 8 cameras by the mid-1980s. However, renewed interest in analog aesthetics prompted to resume limited manufacturing in 2009, offering modern stocks like VISION3 Color Negative (50D, 200T, 500T) and 100D , processed via ECN-2 or E-6. In 2016, announced a digital-hybrid Super 8 camera (shipped in 2023), supporting crystal-sync frame rates up to 36 fps and output, signaling a niche revival among filmmakers seeking tactile, high-fidelity visuals. In 2024, new Super 8-compatible film stocks, such as Wolfen Color 400 color negative and LossauColor 200D, were introduced by independent manufacturers in , further supporting the format's revival.

Super 8 (2011 film)

Super 8 is a 2011 American thriller film written and directed by and produced by under . Set in the summer of in the fictional small town of Lillian, , the story centers on a group of middle-school friends who are filming their own movie on Super 8 cameras when they witness a catastrophic train derailment. This event unleashes a series of mysterious and terrifying occurrences in their town, prompting the children to uncover the truth amid escalating chaos involving local authorities and an otherworldly threat. The film blends elements of coming-of-age drama, horror, and adventure, drawing inspiration from and productions like and . The concept for Super 8 emerged from ' personal experiences as a teenager making Super 8 films in the , combined with an idea about a transporting an alien entity that crashes. developed at his Bad Robot and pitched it to Spielberg, his longtime mentor, who agreed to produce and provided guidance on story, scoring, and editing. Their professional relationship began in 1982, when the 15-year-old was hired by Spielberg to edit and organize the director's collection of 8mm and Super 8 home movies, including early works like Escape to Nowhere and . occurred from September to December 2010, with exteriors shot in , to evoke a Midwestern town, and interiors and special effects sequences, including the elaborate crash, filmed on soundstages in using for visual effects. The production maintained strict secrecy, exemplified by a embedded in the 2010 film that featured no footage from Super 8 but hinted at its mystery elements. has described the film as both a tribute to Spielberg's influence and a personal exploration of childhood filmmaking passions, stating, "Super 8 was both a tribute to and a film produced by Steven." The budget was $50 million. The film features a predominantly young ensemble cast, selected through an extensive casting process emphasizing natural performances over established child stars. portrays Joe Lamb, the grieving son of a deputy sheriff and aspiring filmmaker leading the group; plays Alice Dainard, a talented actress who joins their project; and stars as Deputy Jackson Lamb, Joe's widowed father navigating personal loss and the unfolding crisis. Supporting roles include as Charles Kaznyk, the group's ambitious director; Ryan Lee as the energetic Cary; as the analytical Preston; as the horror-obsessed Martin; as Alice's father Louis Dainard; as the secretive Colonel Nelec; as scientist Dr. Woodward; and as General Cooper. Additional producers were Abrams and , with Abrams also handling editing under the pseudonym "Mary Still." Super 8 premiered on June 9, 2011, in select international markets and was widely released in the United States on June 10, 2011, by in 3,379 theaters. It debuted at number one at the North American , earning $35.45 million in its opening weekend. The film ultimately grossed $127 million domestically and $133.1 million internationally, for a worldwide total of $260.1 million, making it profitable against its budget. Critically, Super 8 received generally positive reviews for its nostalgic tone, heartfelt character moments, and thrilling set pieces, though some found it overly derivative of Spielberg's earlier works. On , it holds an 81% approval rating from 295 critics, with the consensus stating, "It may evoke memories of classic summer blockbusters a little too eagerly for some, but Super 8 has thrills, visual dazzle, and emotional depth to spare." scores it at 72 out of 100 based on 41 reviews, indicating "generally favorable" reception. Audience response was also positive, with a 75% score on and a 7.0 out of 10 rating on from over 377,000 users. Spielberg himself praised it as Abrams' "first true ," highlighting its emotional authenticity.

Sports

Rugby league Super 8s

The Rugby League Super 8s was a postseason competition format introduced in the British rugby league system in 2015, designed to determine promotion, relegation, and playoff qualification across the top professional divisions. It replaced a simpler one-up, one-down promotion/relegation model with a more complex split-season structure, aiming to maintain competitive tension for more teams by dividing the Super League and Championship into three groups of eight teams after the regular season. The format operated for four seasons until its abolition in 2019, amid criticisms of increased fixture congestion and player fatigue. In the Super League Super 8s, the top eight teams from the 23-round regular season entered a seven-game mini-league phase, where results determined the top four qualifiers for the leading to the Grand Final at . Meanwhile, the Qualifiers group consisted of the bottom four teams and the top four from the , also playing seven games; the top three earned automatic spots for the following year, while fourth and fifth contested the "" for the final position. The remaining bottom eight teams formed the Shield, a where the top four competed for the title and the bottom two faced relegation to League 1. This structure reintroduced a form of relegation after its seven-year absence, with high-stakes matches like the 2015 , where defeated 24-12 to avoid demotion. The Super 8s drew mixed reactions for its ambition to emulate extended playoffs in North American sports like the NHL and NBA, keeping more clubs in contention and allowing teams a "second bite at the cherry" after regular-season setbacks. Proponents argued it heightened drama and parity, as seen in instances like ' 2015 treble followed by a Qualifiers appearance in 2016. However, detractors highlighted drawbacks, including an "extended hell" of prolonged uncertainty for fans and physical strain on players from additional fixtures over two months, potentially leading to exhaustion and inconsistent performances. The format's complexity was also faulted for diluting the regular season's importance. Following its discontinuation after the 2018 season, the Super 8s was replaced by a straightforward one-up, one-down system between and the , simplifying the calendar and restoring traditional promotion/relegation. Efforts to revive elements of the format surfaced in lower divisions; in 2024, reports suggested a potential return for and League 1, but by August 2025, the abandoned plans for a Super 8s-style playoff, opting instead for a merged 21-team in 2026 with a 26-game regular season and no split. itself expanded to 14 teams for 2026 based on club gradings, reverting to a 27-game regular season without the Super 8s, marking a shift toward stability over the previous experimental structure.

Cricket Super Eight

The Super Eight is a knockout-qualifying stage in the , featuring eight teams divided into two groups of four, where each team plays three matches against the others in its group. The top two teams from each group advance to the semi-finals based on points, with tiebreakers determined by . This format emphasizes competitive balance by mixing seeded teams with qualifiers from the initial group stage. Introduced in the inaugural 2007 , the Super Eight stage evolved from a 12-team with four initial groups of three, where the top two from each advanced to the Super Eights. It remained the core second phase through the 2009, 2010, and 2012 editions, before being replaced by the Super 10 (2014 and 2016) and Super 12 (2021 and 2022) formats to accommodate more teams and qualifiers. The Super Eight returned in 2024 for the expanded 20-team event, with four initial groups of five feeding into it, and is set to continue in 2026. This revival aimed to streamline progression while maintaining high-stakes group play. Qualification for the Super Eight relies on pre-seeded groups to avoid early clashes between top-ranked teams; for instance, in 2024, included the top finisher from Group A (India), second from Group B (), top from (Australia), and second from Group D (). Teams are placed irrespective of their group-stage performance to ensure balanced competition, with fixtures predetermined once qualifiers are confirmed. This seeding system, drawn from ICC rankings, has been consistent since the stage's inception. Notable outcomes from the Super Eight include India's unbeaten run through the stage en route to their 2024 title win against in the final, marking their second T20 triumph after , when they also advanced from the Super Eights to claim the inaugural crown. In , Pakistan's dramatic Super Eight campaign, including a victory over , propelled them to the title. These stages have often highlighted upsets, such as associate nations like the qualifying in 2024, underscoring the format's role in promoting global participation.

Other sports competitions

In addition to and , the term "Super 8" has been adopted for various competitions across other sports, often denoting knockout or round-robin formats involving eight teams or participants. In , the Naija Super 8 is a pre-season tournament in featuring eight teams from the Nigerian Professional Football League (NPFL). Launched in 2023 by Flykite Productions, it aims to boost excitement in domestic football during the off-season, with matches held over a week and a prize of 20 million naira. The inaugural edition in July 2023 saw Sporting Lagos defeat Remo Stars 4-2 on penalties in the final at Mobolaji Johnson Arena in . Boxing's Super 8 Tournament, held annually in since 2009, is a professional event across weight classes such as and . Organized by Duco Events under managing director John McRae, it typically involves eight fighters in a single-elimination bracket with rapid bouts. Notable outcomes include Kali Meehan's first-round of to win the 2014 edition. In athletics, Super8 is a team-based format used in secondary school competitions in England, emphasizing participation over individual performance. Developed by England Athletics as part of the QuadKids program, it consists of eight events—such as 100m, 800m, hurdles, , , , vortex throw, and 4x100m —with mixed teams of eight boys and eight girls contributing to a combined score. This structure serves as a bridge from events to more traditional meets, promoting inclusivity and fun. Men's fastpitch softball features the Super 8 International 4 Nations Cup, an annual invitational tournament hosted in , , since 2019. Sanctioned by the (WBSC), it pits national teams from , , , and in a followed by placement games. The 2025 edition, held July 3-5 at Bob Van Impe Stadium, saw defeat 2-1 in the final. Cycling's Super 8 Classic, officially the GP Impanis-Van Petegem since 2017, is a one-day professional road race in covering approximately 200 km from Brakel to Haacht. Part of the , it includes cobbled sections and hilly terrain, attracting WorldTour teams. The 2025 race on September 20 was won by of , edging out Matthew Brennan in a sprint finish. In , Brazil's Copa Super 8 is an annual cup organized by the Liga Nacional de Basquete (LNB) since 2019, involving the top eight teams from the Novo Basquete Brasil (NBB) regular season. Played over a weekend in a single-elimination format, it determines a champion separate from the league playoffs; Flamengo won the 2025 edition by defeating Minas 64-61 in the final.

Music

Super8 & Tab

Super8 & Tab is a trance music duo consisting of producers and DJs Miika Eloranta, known as Super8, and Janne Mansnerus, known as DJ Tab. The duo formed in 2005 after Eloranta and Mansnerus, both natives who discovered electronic music in their teens, began collaborating on tracks blending progressive and elements. Their breakthrough came with the 2006 single "Helsinki Scorchin'" on , a release that pioneered the hybrid trance subgenre by fusing euphoric melodies with driving progressive beats and became a staple in the global dance scene. Signed to , Super8 & Tab built their reputation through a series of high-impact singles like "Irufushi" (2007) and "Black Is the New Yellow" (2008), which showcased their signature sound of emotive builds and intricate sound design. Their debut studio , Empire (2010), marked a milestone with tracks such as "Elektra" and "The Only," earning critical acclaim for expanding 's emotional depth while topping Beatport's Trance Artists chart. Follow-up Unified (2014) continued this trajectory, featuring vocal collaborations like "Let Go" with Julie Thompson and reinforcing their status as scene leaders through remixes for artists including Above & Beyond and . In 2018, seeking creative renewal, the duo transitioned to , Armin van Buuren's label, and released , a double-disc album that revisited their roots while incorporating modern production techniques; singles from it, such as "Mega" featuring Avenue One, held the top spot on Beatport's chart for three weeks and received regular plays on van Buuren's radio show for six months. This shift facilitated global tours across five continents and performances at major festivals including , , , and 800 in before a crowd of over 40,000. Super8 & Tab's influence extends to remixes for high-profile acts like and , as well as their own label, Scorchin' Records, which supports emerging talent. Later releases include the 2019 compilation Past, Present & Future on , featuring updated remixes of classics like "Helsinki Scorchin'," and the These Little Stories series on Armind—Part One in 2020 and Part Two in 2021—with tracks emphasizing narrative-driven soundscapes. In 2023, they dropped Scorchin' Session Vol. 2, a mix album highlighting their label's output, followed by curating In Search of Sunrise 20 in 2024, a milestone installment in the long-running series that blends their hybrid style with contemporary . Their most recent single, "," arrived in February 2025, continuing their evolution toward more introspective, future-facing electronic sounds.

Other musical acts and releases

Super 8 was an American band formed in , California, in 1993. The group, which blended elements of and , disbanded in 1997 after releasing their only full-length album, the self-titled Super 8, on in 1996. The album included tracks such as "," "," and "," showcasing the band's energetic, guitar-driven sound. In the UK, another band named Super 8 emerged as an outfit from , active between 1996 and 1999. Comprising members Nick Bergin, Carl, Graeme, and Howi, they released the album in 1998 through Japanese label Victor Entertainment, featuring tracks that captured the era's vibe. Super Eight, a prominent Japanese boy band managed by (now Starto Entertainment), formed in in 2002 as before renaming in 2024. The five-member group—consisting of Yokoyama Yū, Murakami Shingo, Maruyama Ryūhei, Yasuda Shōta, and Ōkura Tadayoshi—has achieved platinum status with a discography spanning pop-rock albums and singles, including hits like "Zukkoke Otokomichi" and contributions to multimedia projects. Notable musical releases titled "Super 8" include the song by British duo Lighthouse Family from their 2019 album Blue Sky in Your Head, a soulful track evoking nostalgic imagery of old film reels. Swedish artist Little Jinder released her electropop single "Super 8" in 2016, accompanied by a music video and included on her album Allting suger. Additionally, Brooklyn-based band Climates debuted their glitter-grunge track "Super 8" in 2020 as their first single.

Other uses

Hotel chain

Super 8 is an economy hotel chain founded in as a referral system for budget motels, which transitioned to a model in 1973. The chain was established by and Ron Rivett in , with the first Super 8 opening there in September 1974, featuring 60 rooms priced at $8.88 per night. This pricing strategy targeted value-conscious travelers, particularly road trippers, and emphasized clean, dependable accommodations along major highways. The brand expanded rapidly through , starting in 1976, and reached 45 locations across seven U.S. states by 1977. Key milestones include entering the Canadian market in 1981, the opening of its 1,000th in 1993, and the 2,000th in 2001. growth continued with the first property in in in 2004, followed by further expansion to over 40 locations there. In 1993, Super 8 was acquired by Hospitality Franchise Systems, Inc. (HFS) for $125 million, marking a shift toward larger corporate ownership. Ownership evolved through mergers: in 1997, HFS merged with to form Corporation, and in 2006, following a , Super 8 became a of Wyndham Worldwide Corporation (now ). Today, it operates as Super 8 by Wyndham, recognized as the world's largest economy hotel with 2,616 properties across as of December 31, 2024. The maintains approximately 1,500 locations in as of 2025, offering more than 120,000 rooms, and focuses on and travelers seeking affordable stays with standard amenities like free continental breakfast and wireless internet. In 2025, the announced plans for 100 hotels in over 10 years starting in 2026 and 40 hotels in and over the next decade. Recent updates include the INNOV8TE redesign initiative, which has modernized over 2,500 hotels to enhance guest experience while preserving the 's authentic, roadside heritage.

Zilog Z8 microcontroller

The Z8 is an 8-bit architecture developed by , Inc., and first introduced in 1979 as a versatile single-chip solution for embedded control applications. Designed for cost-effective, high-volume production, it features on-chip ROM, RAM, I/O ports, timers, and capabilities, enabling standalone operation or expansion to external up to 64 KB for program and data spaces. The architecture emphasizes a register-based design for efficient data manipulation, distinguishing it from accumulator-centric contemporaries like the , and targets applications such as , automotive controls, and . Development of the began in late 1974 under founder , shortly after the company's inception following his departure from , with core architecture finalized by 1975 in collaboration with designer Dr. Bernard Peuto. Initially conceptualized as the "2001" project, it was refined to address limitations in early microcontrollers, such as restricted register access and memory addressing. The Z8 was publicly announced in Electronics magazine on August 31, 1978, with commercial availability starting in 1979 via the Z8600 series, including models like the Z86C00 (2 KB ROM, 124 bytes RAM, 22 I/O lines). By the mid-1980s, the family expanded to include ROMless variants (e.g., Z8681) for prototyping and higher-density options, culminating in the Super8 enhancements by 1989, which added support and up to 40 I/O lines for more demanding I/O-intensive tasks. At its core, the Z8 employs a with separate 16-bit address spaces for program memory (up to 64 ) and data memory (up to 60 ), accessed via a multiplexed bus on Ports 0 and 1. The standout feature is its 144-byte in original implementations, comprising 124 general-purpose registers (GPRs), 4 I/O port registers, and 16 control registers, organized into 16 working register groups selectable via two pointers (RP0, RP1) for rapid context switching during interrupts. This allows any GPR to function as an accumulator, supporting direct register-to-register operations without memory intermediaries, which reduces execution cycles to 6-12 clocks per instruction on average. The 8-bit ALU handles arithmetic, logical, and bit operations, with a 16-bit and an internal for overlapping fetch and execute phases. Addressing modes include immediate, direct, register direct, indexed, and relative, facilitating compact code for use. The instruction set consists of 78 orthogonal instructions across categories like load/store, arithmetic/logic, , rotate/shift, and program control (e.g., , CALL, RET), with unique support for direct bit addressing on I/O ports to simplify peripheral control without additional masking instructions. I/O is managed through 3-4 quasi-bidirectional ports (32 lines total in base models), configurable for , , or memory expansion, with TTL-compatible levels and schmitt-trigger inputs on some lines. Interrupts feature 12-27 vectored sources (e.g., from timers or external pins) with 8 priority levels and masking, responding in as few as 6 clock cycles, while two 8-bit timers with 6-bit prescalers enable event counting or timekeeping. Later Super8 variants expanded the register file to 325 bytes (272 GPRs), added a full-duplex UART for up to 93.5 Kbps, and introduced power-down modes (HALT for oscillator suspend, STOP for full shutdown) to achieve low-power operation on a single 5V supply at clock speeds up to 16 MHz. The Z8's design prioritized simplicity and expandability over Z80 compatibility, making it incompatible in hardware or software but ideal for dedicated controllers like remote controls, keyboards, and battery-operated devices. Its enduring impact is evident in ongoing production of derivatives like the Z8 Encore! series, which retain the core architecture for low-cost applications costing under $1 in volume, influencing modern 8-bit embedded systems.

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