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AW

''AW'' may refer to:
  • Various businesses and organizations, people, places, arts, science and technology terms, and other uses (see sections below).

Businesses and Organizations

Food and Beverage Companies

is an American fast-food chain specializing in hamburgers, floats, and drive-in service. Founded in 1919 in , by , who opened a roadside stand, the business expanded when Allen partnered with Frank Wright in 1922, leading to the adoption of the A&W name derived from their initials. The chain pioneered in 1925, becoming the first model in the , and grew to over 900 locations in 16 countries, including the and , as of 2025, with plans to open additional locations that year. Acquired by in 2002, it transitioned to full ownership in 2011 through A Great American Brand, LLC, emphasizing single-brand units with drive-thrus. A&W Root Beer, an iconic , was introduced in 1919 alongside the founding of the restaurants, using a recipe featuring and for its distinctive creamier taste. The caffeine-free beverage, made with real cane sugar, herbs, bark, spices, and berries, became a hallmark of the brand's draft floats served in frosty mugs. Bottled and canned versions are distributed by , which has owned the brand rights (excluding ) since the 2018 merger forming the company, with ongoing innovations like clear plastic bottles introduced in 2019 to enhance recyclability. A&W in Canada operates as a separate franchise from the U.S. chain, established in 1956 with its first location in , . The chain, known for unique menu items such as the Teen Burger—a signature offering introduced in the featuring a patty, cheese, , , , and A&W sauce—has grown to over 1,080 locations across as of August 2025. Owned and operated by A&W Food Services of Canada Inc., it maintains independence while sharing the brand's heritage and focuses on Canadian-sourced ingredients for items like patties.

Publishing and Education

Addison-Wesley is specializing in textbooks for , , and . It was founded in 1942 by brothers Lew Addison Cummings and Wesley Cummings in , initially focusing on educational materials for technical fields. The gained prominence in the mid-20th century by producing high-quality academic resources that supported advancements in STEM education, including influential series in and information processing. In 1988, was acquired by the British publishing firm for $283 million, marking a significant expansion for Pearson into the American market. Following the acquisition, it was integrated into Pearson's operations and later merged with other imprints to form Addison-Wesley Longman in 1994, eventually becoming part of . Under Pearson, Addison-Wesley continued to emphasize rigorous, peer-reviewed content for university-level instruction, contributing to global educational standards in technical disciplines. The publisher is particularly renowned for its role in disseminating foundational works in . A seminal example is Donald Knuth's , Volume 1, first published by in 1968, which established rigorous mathematical approaches to algorithm analysis and remains a cornerstone text in the field. This publication exemplified Addison-Wesley's commitment to high-impact, long-lasting contributions to academic literature, influencing generations of researchers and educators.

Airlines and Transportation

Africa World Airlines (AWA) is a privately owned Ghanaian founded on November 15, 2010, by , with its inaugural revenue flight commencing on September 21, 2012. Headquartered in at , it operates as a regional carrier serving domestic routes within —such as Accra to Kumasi, Tamale, Takoradi, and Wa—and international destinations in , including and in . The maintains a fleet of eight , primarily 737-300s, enabling efficient short-haul operations across its network. As a involving Ghana's Social Security and National Insurance Trust (a state entity), SAS Finance Group, and China's , AWA holds partial government involvement while functioning as a private enterprise. The Ahnapee and Western Railway (A&W) was a short-line railroad in northeastern Wisconsin, USA, incorporated on August 18, 1890, by local landowner Edward Decker to stimulate economic development in the Door Peninsula. Spanning approximately 35 miles from a connection with the Green Bay and Western Railroad at Casco Junction (near Luxemburg) to Sturgeon Bay via Algoma, it began operations in 1892 and primarily transported freight such as lumber, dairy products, agricultural goods like grain and peas, and other commodities including condensed milk and cherries. Passenger service operated until 1937, with brief wartime resumption for prisoner-of-war transport, but the line increasingly focused on freight amid competition from automobiles and trucks. Acquired by the Green Bay and Western in 1906, sold to local interests in 1947, and later managed by the McCloud River Railroad from 1970 until reverting to Green Bay and Western control in 1978, the A&W ceased operations following the washout of the Kewaunee River Bridge, with its final train running on March 25, 1986; the line was fully abandoned by 1987 and is now documented in regional historical archives. In its early 20th-century heyday, the railway facilitated the transport of branded merchandise, supporting regional distribution networks.

People

Individuals with Surname Aw

Aw Boon Haw (1882–1954), a Burmese-Chinese entrepreneur and philanthropist of Hakka descent, is renowned for co-founding the medicinal ointment and building a multinational business empire around it. Born in Rangoon (now ), , to herbalist Aw Chu Kin, who established the Eng Aun Tong pharmacy, Aw inherited the family trade upon his father's death in 1908 and refined the balm's formula with his younger brother, Aw Boon Par, launching it commercially as a versatile . By the , the product had propelled the brothers to wealth, leading Aw Boon Haw to relocate operations to in 1926, where he founded the Haw Par Brothers company and constructed a major factory on Neil Road. His entrepreneurial ventures extended into media, including ownership of the English-language Singapore Standard launched in 1950 to promote local interests and counter colonial policies, as well as the Chinese daily Sin Chew Jit Poh. Aw Boon Haw's philanthropy emphasized education, healthcare, and moral instruction, funding schools, hospitals, orphanages, and clinics across and . During , as Japanese forces occupied much of his operational territories, he fled to and donated millions—equivalent to substantial portions of his fortune—to Chinese war relief efforts, including support for the in alongside figures like . In 1937, to alleviate his brother's homesickness, he developed the (later known as ) in , an open-air park featuring over 1,000 statues illustrating , Confucian values, and moral parables, which became a popular tourist site promoting ethical lessons. Aw's cultural influence persisted posthumously, with his estate continuing charitable works until his death in , , in 1954. Aw Boon Par (1888–1944), the younger brother of , played a pivotal role in expanding the family's pharmaceutical enterprise from its Rangoon base. Born in Rangoon to the same Hakka herbalist father, Aw Boon Par managed the original Eng Aun Tong operations after 1908, co-developing and diversifying into broader pharmaceuticals while investing in across , which solidified the brothers' regional dominance by . Unlike his more peripatetic brother, Aw Boon Par focused on local growth in Rangoon, overseeing production and distribution that fueled the balm's export success to markets in and beyond. The in , constructed in 1937 at his brother's initiative, served as his personal residence and a symbol of the family's cultural roots, blending Burmese-Chinese architectural elements with gardens that depicted traditional tales to educate visitors on morality and heritage. Aw Boon Par's contributions to the business ended with his death in 1944, amid wartime disruptions, leaving a legacy tied to the ointment's global brand and the brothers' joint philanthropic ethos. Sally Aw (born 1932), also known as Aw Sian, is a Hong Kong businesswoman, philanthropist, and media proprietor. The daughter of , she inherited control of the family businesses after his death in 1954, including the empire and newspapers such as the . Under her leadership, Sing Tao Holdings expanded into a major media group with international reach, and she became the first woman elected president of the International Press Institute in 1980. Aw was appointed Officer of the (OBE) in 1978 for her contributions to journalism and philanthropy. She sold her stake in Sing Tao in 1999 amid financial challenges but continued charitable work focused on education and healthcare.

Individuals with Initials A.W.

A. H. Weiler (December 10, 1908 – July 22, 2001) was an American , editor, and renowned for his long tenure at . He joined the newspaper in 1939 as a copy editor in the sports department before transitioning to coverage, where he served as a , motion picture editor, and columnist until his retirement in 1986. Over his 50-year career, Weiler contributed to thousands of reviews and articles, offering insightful commentary on productions and industry trends that shaped public discourse on cinema during the mid-20th century. Weiler's signature "Hollywood Insider" column provided behind-the-scenes perspectives on the film world, blending journalistic rigor with an appreciation for cinematic artistry. His work emphasized the cultural significance of movies, often highlighting innovative storytelling and performances in an era when navigated changes and the rise of . Among his notable contributions were reviews of landmark films that captured the evolving landscape of American , reflecting his commitment to balanced, informed . Weiler's legacy endures as a key voice in film journalism, influencing generations of critics through his dedication to the medium's narrative and technical achievements.

Places

Sovereign Territories

is an island in the southern Caribbean Sea, located approximately 29 kilometers north of the Venezuelan and 25 kilometers west of . It is a constituent of the Kingdom of the , alongside , , and the itself, sharing the Dutch monarch as head of state while maintaining internal self-government. As a sovereign territory, is designated by the code "," which facilitates its identification in international standards for , , and communications. The spans about 180 square kilometers, featuring a flat, arid landscape with xeric vegetation, influenced by its semi-arid that receives limited annual rainfall of around 500 millimeters. Aruba's is approximately 108,000 as of 2025, with a density of about 600 people per square kilometer, concentrated primarily in urban areas. The capital and largest city is Oranjestad, situated on the 's southwestern coast, serving as the administrative, commercial, and cultural hub with a exceeding 30,000. The is predominantly service-based, with accounting for over 70% of GDP through its renowned beaches, resorts, and ; historically, oil refining contributed significantly until the closure of the Lago refinery in 2012, though discussions persist on potential reactivation to diversify amid fluctuations. The grew by approximately 7% in 2024, driven by recovery. Politically, Aruba achieved its current status on January 1, 1986, when it seceded from the Netherlands Antilles to become a separate entity within the Kingdom, known as "status aparte." This autonomy was formalized through constitutional reforms, granting control over internal affairs while the Netherlands retains responsibility for defense and foreign policy. The .aw domain serves as Aruba's country code top-level domain (ccTLD) in the internet's Domain Name System, introduced in 1996 and administered by SETAR, the local telecommunications provider, to support digital infrastructure for businesses and government.

Educational Institutions

The Anthony Wayne Local is a public school district serving communities in Lucas and Wood counties, , , primarily within Lucas County. It operates six schools, including three primary schools for grades K-4, a for grades 5-6, a junior high for grades 7-8, and a high school for grades 9-12, educating approximately 4,100 students. The district was formed in the early 1950s through the consolidation of preexisting school systems from the townships of , Waterville, and Whitehouse, driven by community efforts to create a centralized educational hub; the first high school graduation occurred in 1951. The name "Anthony Wayne" honors General , a Revolutionary War leader known as "Mad Anthony" for his bold tactics, who also commanded U.S. forces in the near the district's location along the Anthony Wayne Trail. This naming reflects the area's historical ties to early American military and settlement history, with the district's mascot, the Generals, further emphasizing this legacy. The district has grown over seven decades through community-supported initiatives, including voter-approved bonds and levies that have funded modern facilities, such as technology-enhanced wings and science laboratories, contributing to sustained educational development across its 77-square-mile service area. Anthony Wayne Local School District is recognized for its robust STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) programs, which integrate hands-on learning and real-world applications to prepare students for competitive careers. Offerings include the in class at the junior high level, where seventh and eighth graders develop solutions to community problems, as well as elementary STEM clubs and a designated STEM school at Waterville Primary. The district's emphasis on STEM has led to accolades, such as being a state finalist in the 2024 Samsung Solve for Tomorrow competition, where students proposed innovative STEM-driven projects addressing local challenges. These programs, supported by the Anthony Wayne Education Foundation's grants for academic excellence, enhance student engagement and outcomes. The district's high are evidenced by 5-star ratings in , gap closing, and components, and 3 stars in progress, as per the 2024 Ohio Department of Education . For the class of 2024, the four-year adjusted cohort rate reached 100%, surpassing averages and reflecting effective preparation for postsecondary success. This strong performance underscores the district's community impact, as it fosters a highly educated workforce in the region, promotes , and strengthens local economic vitality through partnerships with businesses and institutions. The district's draws on established resources, including mathematics textbooks from publishers like , to deliver rigorous, standards-aligned instruction.

Arts, Entertainment, and Media

Music and Musicians

Alan Walker (born August 24, 1997, in Northampton, England, and raised in Bergen, Norway) is a British-Norwegian DJ and record producer who prominently features the initials "AW" in his branding, including a stylized logo used across his official website, merchandise, and visual identity. Walker gained international prominence with his breakthrough single "Faded," released in December 2015 through MER Musikk, which peaked at number one in over 10 countries, including Austria, the Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, and Sweden. The track, featuring vocals by Iselin Solheim, has accumulated over 3.8 billion views on YouTube as of August 2025 and more than 2.2 billion streams on Spotify.) His discography includes the debut studio album Different World (2018), which debuted at number one on the Norwegian Albums Chart and features collaborations with artists like Noah Cyrus and K-391, blending melodic future bass with cinematic elements. Walker is signed to Sony Music via his independent label MER Musikk, which has supported his global tours and subsequent releases like World of Walker (2021) and Walkerworld 2.0 (2025). A.W. is the stage name adopted by American singer-songwriter John-Allison Weiss (born April 13, 1987, in Athens, Georgia), a queer trans artist recognized for indie pop music that delves into themes of personal identity, heartbreak, and intimate relationships through raw, confessional lyrics and melodic arrangements. Weiss publicly began their gender transition around 2021, marking a pivotal shift in their artistic expression, as reflected in songs addressing self-discovery and change, such as "Different Now" from their 2023 album The Long Way. This release, distributed through Lower Key Music, serves as a post-transition milestone, exploring emotional reinvention with tracks like "Dust Storm" and "Feels Like Hell," produced in a DIY style that echoes Weiss's early career ethos. Prior to using the A.W. moniker more consistently, Weiss performed and recorded as Allison Weiss, releasing notable albums including Say What You Mean (2013) on No Sleep Records, which critiques relational dynamics with punk-infused indie pop energy and includes standouts like "Making It Up" and "I Was an Island." Weiss's work has been praised for its vulnerability and has built a dedicated following through crowdfunding campaigns and independent tours, influencing the queer indie scene. In 2025, Weiss launched a crowdfunding campaign for a new country album under the project name Charlie Mtn..

Film and Literature

A. H. Weiler served as a and motion picture editor for from 1939 until his retirement in 1972, often signing his reviews with the byline "A.W." Over his more than three-decade career, Weiler contributed thousands of reviews, many focused on s that received Award nominations, offering critical insights into their narrative construction, character development, and cultural significance. His work helped shape public and industry perceptions of cinematic quality during a pivotal era in history, from the to the movement. For instance, in a 1953 review of , signed as A.W., Weiler praised the 's innovative and thematic exploration of human vulnerability against invasion, noting its effective blend of spectacle and . Similarly, in his 1957 critique of 12 Angry Men, he highlighted the 's tense structure as a "masterly and gripping" examination of and in American society. Weiler's analyses extended to major releases that contended for Oscars, emphasizing how films like these elevated genre storytelling through thematic depth and technical prowess. His reviews, characterized by a balanced yet incisive tone, influenced award-season discussions and remain archived as key primary sources for . In one 1973 piece post-retirement, Weiler reflected on mafia-themed cinema, comparing newer works to classics like The Godfather (1972) for their portrayal of power dynamics and moral ambiguity, underscoring the genre's evolution. In literature, the initials "A.W." refer to an anonymous 17th-century English whose songs and verses appeared in anthologies such as A Poetical Rapsody (1602).

Science and Technology

Physical Units and Measures

In physics and , the abbreviation AW or aw denotes specific units for measuring power and related physical quantities. The (AW) is a non-SI unit used to quantify the suction power of cleaners, representing the effective air power available for cleaning tasks. It is calculated as the product of rate (typically in liters per second or cubic feet per minute) and (in kilopascals or inches of ), standardized under ASTM F558 to ensure consistent testing conditions across devices. Introduced in the 1980s by , the provides a more reliable metric than electrical wattage alone, as it accounts for the actual mechanical work performed by the . For household cleaners, typical ratings range from 100 to 200 AW, with higher values indicating stronger suction suitable for everyday debris removal on carpets and hard floors. The attowatt (), a derived SI unit of , equals 10^{-18} watts and is employed in contexts requiring of extremely low energy fluxes, particularly in and . Defined through the atto- prefix in the , it quantifies minute power levels where individual s contribute significantly to the total energy. In quantum experiments, such as single-molecule detection under weak , incident powers as low as 150 aW enable the observation of correlated photon emissions, facilitating studies of at the quantum level. This unit is crucial for applications like photon-counting detectors in processing, where attowatt-scale sensitivities distinguish signal from thermal noise. Additionally, aw denotes , a dimensionless measure (ranging from 0 to 1) of the free water available for microbial growth or chemical reactions in materials, applied in and for moisture control and stability assessment.

Computing and Communications

The .aw is the (ccTLD) for , a constituent country of the Kingdom of the in the . It serves as the internet namespace for websites and online services associated with Aruba, following the code "AW" assigned to the territory. The domain was entered into the on February 20, 1996, by the (IANA). Management of the .aw registry is handled by , Aruba's leading telecommunications company, which operates under agreements with to oversee domain allocations, technical operations, and policy enforcement. Registration is limited to legal entities or individuals with a demonstrated presence in , such as locally incorporated businesses, partnerships, or residents with valid identification like a extract; applicants must provide contact details and pay annual fees of Afl. 89 (approximately $50 USD), with domains valid for one year and renewable. As of November 2025, approximately 484 .aw domains are registered, reflecting its niche use primarily by local businesses, government entities, and tourism-related services. In electronic mail protocols, "AW:" functions as a localized prefix in subject lines for replies within German-speaking contexts, abbreviating "Antwort" (German for "reply") and paralleling the standard English "Re:" indicator. This practice emerged in the 1990s alongside the widespread adoption of in European professional environments, particularly through clients like configured for locales, which automatically prepend "AW:" to maintain thread continuity. While RFC 5322 specifies the Internet Message Format and permits optional reply prefixes like "Re:" for syntactic flexibility in headers, the "AW:" convention is a cultural adaptation not mandated by the standard but commonly recognized in multilingual correspondence to avoid confusion in cross-lingual exchanges.

Environmental Classifications

In the Köppen climate classification system, "Aw" designates a , a subtype of tropical climates () marked by consistently warm temperatures and a distinct seasonal pattern. The defining temperature criterion is an average of at least 18°C in the coolest month, ensuring year-round warmth with minimal seasonal variation, typically ranging from 25°C to 30°C in warmer months. This climate supports savanna vegetation, including grasses and scattered trees adapted to periodic water stress. Precipitation in Aw climates features wet summers driven by monsoonal influences and dry winters, with the driest month receiving less than 60 mm but equal to or greater than 100 mm minus (annual precipitation in mm divided by 25) of rain. Annual totals generally fall between 900 and 1,500 mm, with over 70% occurring during the wet season, fostering droughts in cooler months that shape ecological dynamics like fire-prone grasslands. Examples include northern Australia, where Darwin exemplifies the wet-dry cycle; parts of central and peninsular India; and Aruba, which displays similar patterns of seasonal aridity. Water activity, denoted as a_w, serves as a key metric in ecological and applications, quantifying the unbound in a or material available to support biological processes like microbial proliferation. Defined as a dimensionless value between 0 (no free water) and 1 (pure ), it is computed using the formula a_w = \frac{P}{P_0}, where P is the over the and P_0 is the over pure at the same ; equivalently, a_w = equilibrium relative / 100. This measure reflects the energy status of molecules, influencing and stability in environments from soils to processed foods. In food preservation, controlling a_w is essential for inhibiting spoilage and extending , as higher values enable enzymatic reactions and growth while lower ones limit them. Most require a_w \geq 0.91 to thrive, but reducing it below 0.91 halts the majority, and a_w < 0.6 effectively prevents entirely by depriving microbes of sufficient free water. Yeasts and molds tolerate lower thresholds (down to 0.70–0.88), making a_w management a of techniques like , salting, or addition in products such as dried fruits or cured meats.

Other Uses

Military and Government

The Agencja Wywiadu (AW), Poland's foreign intelligence agency, was established on June 29, 2002, through the restructuring and division of the former Urząd Ochrony Państwa (UOP), under the Act of May 24, 2002. The agency reports directly to the , who sets its objectives, approves work plans, and exercises oversight through the Governmental Council for Special Services. Its primary responsibilities include conducting operational, reconnaissance, analytical, and informational activities to protect , with a focus on countering and analyzing international threats such as and regional conflicts. In practice, the engages in cooperation with foreign intelligence services to address external dangers, including those posed by hostile states. During the 2022 , the agency played a role in Western intelligence efforts, including intercepting and releasing communications from Russian soldiers that highlighted low morale and reluctance to fight, thereby supporting broader allied operations against Russian aggression. The Arctic Warfare (AW) is a bolt-action system developed by the company , with its precursor, the Precision Marksman rifle, entering service in as the L96A1. The AW platform, introduced in the late 1980s, is chambered primarily in ammunition and is designed for reliability in extreme cold weather conditions, featuring a and modular chassis for enhanced accuracy and adaptability. It has an effective range of up to 800 meters with standard , though sub-MOA precision allows for longer engagements under optimal conditions. Widely adopted for military applications, the AW has been used by over 30 armed forces worldwide, including the British (), which employs it for precision marksmanship in counter-terrorism and roles. Notable variants include the AW50, chambered in for anti-materiel purposes with an extended beyond 1,500 meters, reflecting the system's evolution for diverse tactical needs.

Language and Expressions

The "aw" in English expresses mild , , commiseration, or , often drawn out as "aww" to convey tenderness or endearment. It functions as an exclamation to soften emotional responses, such as protesting mildly or showing in casual conversation. The earliest recorded use of "aw" dates to the mid-19th century, appearing in 1852 in the writings of American author , though its informal nature suggests possible earlier oral usage. Phonetically, it is typically transcribed as /ɔː/ in or /ɑ/ in , pronounced with a prolonged sound to emphasize sentiment. Common phrases include "Aw, that's sweet" to denote affection for something endearing, or "Aw, man" to voice , as in reacting to an unfortunate event. In , "aw" emerges in 19th-century American works to capture vernacular , evolving into a staple of modern in novels and for relatable, heartfelt expressions. In email correspondence, "AW" serves as an for Antwort (reply), prefixed to subject lines in a formal linguistic convention akin to "Re:" in English.

Transportation Infrastructure

The Ahnapee and Railway (A&W), a in northeastern , USA, was incorporated on August 18, 1890, by local investors to connect agricultural and industrial areas in and Kewaunee counties. began in 1892, linking Casco Junction on the Kewaunee, Green Bay and Railroad to the ports of Algoma (formerly Ahnapee) and Sturgeon Bay, spanning approximately 14 miles of track that facilitated the transport of regional goods to broader markets. Initially independent, the line came under the control of the Green Bay and Railroad in 1906 through stock acquisition, operating as a until local interests repurchased it in 1947 to revive freight services amid post-war economic shifts. Throughout its operational history, the A&W played a vital economic role by shipping agricultural and forest products, including from operations, cherries from local orchards, peas, sugar beets, and lumber-related items such as sawdust and veneers, which supported Wisconsin's cheese and industries indirectly through supply chains. Peak freight volumes in the mid-20th century included up to 20 cars of weekly and substantial cherry shipments, underscoring the railway's importance to rural economies before trucking competition diminished rail usage by the . Ownership changed hands multiple times, including to Champion International in 1971, which relied on Green Bay and Western for continued service until infrastructure failures intervened. Operations effectively ceased in following a washout of the Kewaunee River Bridge during a flood, with the final freight run occurring on March 25 of that year, rendering the line unusable beyond a short stub. Although later acquired by Fox Valley and Western Ltd. in 1993, no significant revival occurred, and much of the right-of-way was abandoned. Today, the former tracks from Luxemburg to Sturgeon Bay form the Ahnapee State Trail, a 31-mile multi-use recreational path popular for and biking, preserving the corridor's historical legacy while promoting in the region.

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