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Chick

Jack Thomas Chick (April 13, 1924 – October 23, 2016) was an American cartoonist, writer, and publisher who founded Chick Publications and created the Chick tracts, a series of inexpensive, pocket-sized evangelical comic books designed to promote fundamentalist Christian doctrines of sin, repentance, and salvation through Jesus Christ.^[1]^[2] Born in Boyle Heights, Los Angeles, to a stable family, Chick demonstrated early artistic talent, often sketching airplanes and battle scenes, though this led to him repeating first grade due to distraction from drawing.^[1]^[3] After a personal religious conversion in his youth, he began producing tracts in 1961, initially self-publishing Why No Revival? to address perceived spiritual complacency, and expanded into a vast catalog critiquing evolution, occult practices, and institutional religions like Catholicism through stark, illustrated narratives depicting eternal damnation and divine judgment.^[1]^[4] Chick Publications has distributed over one billion tracts globally, often left in public places or mailed, achieving unprecedented reach for religious comics by emphasizing direct, unfiltered gospel messaging over institutional endorsement.^[5] His reclusive lifestyle—he granted no interviews after 1975 and avoided photography—allowed focus on production, but his uncompromising content, including claims of conspiracies involving Freemasons, Muslims, and rock music's satanic influences, sparked widespread controversy, with detractors labeling it fearmongering while adherents credit it for personal conversions and cultural pushback against secular trends.^[2]^[4]^[6]

Biological meanings

Young birds in general

In ornithology, a chick refers to a young bird from the moment of hatching through the early post-hatching development stages, typically until it achieves basic mobility or fledging capability, depending on the species.^[7] This term encompasses hatchlings that emerge from eggs with varying degrees of maturity, often covered in natal down for insulation and thermoregulation. Chicks exhibit rapid growth rates, with body mass doubling in days for many species due to high metabolic demands and parental provisioning.^[8] Bird chicks are classified into two primary developmental categories: altricial and precocial, reflecting evolutionary adaptations to parental investment and environmental pressures. Altricial chicks, common in passerines like robins and sparrows, hatch in a helpless state—blind, sparsely feathered or naked, and entirely dependent on parents for warmth via brooding and regurgitated food.^[9] These nest-bound young develop flight feathers over 10–20 days before fledging, relying on frequent parental feeds to support neurological and muscular maturation.^[10] In contrast, precocial chicks, seen in galliformes like chickens or anseriformes like ducks, emerge more developed with open eyes, functional limbs for mobility, and downy plumage enabling them to leave the nest within hours of hatching to forage alongside adults.^[8] This spectrum influences survival strategies, with precocial species prioritizing evasion of predators through early independence while altricial ones invest in extended parental care for complex skill acquisition.^[11] Common chick behaviors include thermoregulatory huddling, vocal begging calls to solicit food, and imprinting on parents or surroundings within the first 24–48 hours, which imprints species-specific recognition and anti-predator responses.^[11] Growth involves sequential molts from down to juvenile feathers, with skeletal ossification accelerating to support eventual flight; for instance, altricial chicks may gain 5–10% body weight daily through protein-rich diets.^[10] Mortality rates are high, often exceeding 50% in the chick phase due to hypothermia, starvation, or predation, underscoring the adaptive value of biparental care in many species.^[12]

Poultry and domestic contexts

In poultry production, a chick denotes a young domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) from hatching through the early growth phase, generally spanning 0 to 4 weeks of age, after which it transitions to pullet (female) or cockerel (male) stages.^[13]^[14] This period follows a 21-day incubation for fertilized eggs under controlled conditions of 37.5–37.8°C and 55–75% humidity.^[15] Chicks emerge weighing approximately 40–50 grams, covered in down feathers, and reliant on yolk sac reserves for initial nutrition before external feeding begins within 24–48 hours post-hatch.^[16] Effective chick management in commercial and small-scale poultry operations emphasizes brooding to mimic maternal heat, starting at 30–34°C at chick level and decreasing by 2–3°C weekly until reaching ambient room temperature around 21°C by 4–6 weeks.^[17] ^[18] Space allocation begins at 0.5 square feet per chick in brooders to prevent overcrowding, which can elevate mortality from stress or disease; ventilation must maintain 40–60% humidity and ammonia below 20 ppm to support respiratory health.^[19] ^[20] Nutrition involves a high-protein (18–22%) starter feed ad libitum, with continuous low-intensity lighting (initially 24 hours/day, reducing to 16–18 hours) to encourage feed intake and growth rates of 40–50 grams per day.^[21] ^[16] Vaccinations against Marek's disease and Newcastle disease are standard at hatcheries, reducing early mortality to under 5% in well-managed flocks.^[22] In domestic or backyard contexts, chicks are commonly sourced from hatcheries as day-olds for egg production or meat, with small flocks requiring similar brooding setups using heat lamps or plates in enclosures like plastic tubs or dedicated brooders.^[23] Owners provide medicated or non-medicated starter feeds to combat coccidiosis, a parasitic risk in non-sterile environments, and introduce chick-sized grit for digestion once foraging begins around 2 weeks.^[21] By 4–6 weeks, chicks are gradually acclimated outdoors in secure runs, needing 1–2 square feet per bird to minimize pecking order aggression upon integration with adults.^[19] Success rates exceed 90% with consistent monitoring for signs of pasty butt or chilling, though amateur setups face higher losses from predation or improper heating compared to commercial standards.^[20]

Linguistic and cultural uses

Slang for young women

In slang, "chick" denotes a young woman, typically one perceived as attractive or youthful. The term's modern usage in this sense was first recorded in 1927, originating in African-American vernacular English during the 1920s.^[24]^[25] It derives analogously from the literal meaning of a young bird, particularly a chicken hatchling, emphasizing smallness, immaturity, and vulnerability.^[24] The slang proliferated in the 1940s through jazz subcultures, where it served as an informal descriptor for females, before entering broader beatnik lexicon by the late 1950s—exemplified in 1959 references to "beatniks and their chicks."^[25] By the early 1960s, variants like "surfer chicks" and "biker chicks" emerged in popular media, reflecting its adaptation across youth and countercultural groups.^[25] Connotations have varied historically: initially affectionate and casual within originating communities, it later drew criticism for objectifying or diminishing women by likening them to helpless fledglings.^[26]^[24] In the 1990s, amid cultural revivals like "chick flick" (coined in the 1993 film Sleepless in Seattle), some women reclaimed it as a term of camaraderie or empowerment when self-applied, though male usage often retained perceptions of condescension.^[25]^[26] Presently, "chick" is viewed as slightly dated and context-dependent, with potential to offend due to its infantilizing implications, particularly outside informal or reclaimed settings.^[26]

Etymology and historical usage

The slang term "chick" denoting a young woman emerged in early 20th-century African-American vernacular English, with its first documented literary appearance in 1927 within Sinclair Lewis's novel Elmer Gantry, where it refers to a female character in a casual, diminutive manner.^[24] This usage likely stems from the word's primary meaning as the young of a bird (especially fowl), evoking notions of youth, smallness, or inexperience, and may connect to antecedent slang like "chicken" or "spring chicken," which denoted young or naive individuals regardless of gender as early as the 19th century.^[24] ^[27] By the 1920s, "chick" had established roots in Black American communities, particularly in urban jazz and Harlem Renaissance contexts, as evidenced by period slang compilations tracing its informal application to attractive or youthful women.^[25] Its adoption into broader American English occurred amid cultural shifts like the flapper era, where terms emphasizing female youth and vitality proliferated in popular music, literature, and speech, though it retained a connotation of objectification tied to its avian origins.^[28] In Britain, the slang surfaced later, around 1940, often in military or postwar vernacular, paralleling American influences via transatlantic media and migration.^[24] Historically, "chick" transitioned from niche ethnic slang to mainstream colloquialism by mid-century, appearing in films, songs (e.g., 1960s rock lyrics), and everyday dialogue, but it drew periodic critique for reducing women to childlike or animalistic descriptors, a perception amplified in feminist discourse from the 1970s onward.^[26] Despite this, its usage persisted in informal settings, with revivals in the 1990s self-empowerment contexts among some women, though source analyses note variability in offensiveness based on intent and regional norms.^[25] ^[28] Earlier, isolated 17th- and 19th-century attestations of "chick" for females exist in print (e.g., 1677 references to young women), but these appear sporadic and unrelated to the modern slang trajectory, lacking the diminutive slang freight.^[29]

Notable people

Musicians and performers

Chick Corea, born Armando Anthony Corea on June 12, 1941, in Chelsea, Massachusetts, was an American jazz pianist, composer, and bandleader renowned for pioneering jazz fusion and exploring avant-garde styles over five decades.^[30] He began studying piano at age four and drew early influences from Horace Silver and Miles Davis, later forming influential groups like Return to Forever and the Chick Corea Elektric Band.^[31] Corea received 27 Grammy Awards, including for albums such as Now He Sings, Now He Sobs (1968) and The Chick Corea Trilogy (2022 release), and was designated a National Endowment for the Arts Jazz Master in 2006.^[32] He died on February 9, 2021, in Tampa, Florida, from cancer.^[30] William Henry "Chick" Webb (February 10, 1905 – June 16, 1939) was an American jazz drummer and bandleader who led one of the era's premier swing orchestras at the Savoy Ballroom in Harlem.^[33] Despite physical challenges from childhood tuberculosis of the spine that stunted his growth to under five feet tall, Webb developed exceptional technique and showmanship, earning the nickname "King of the Savoy" after his band's 1937 victory over Benny Goodman's in the "Battle of the Bands."^[34] His orchestra featured vocalist Ella Fitzgerald from 1935 onward, recording hits like "A-Tisket, A-Tasket" (1938), and influenced drummers including Buddy Rich and Gene Krupa through innovative rhythms and precision ensemble playing.^[35] Webb succumbed to complications from spinal surgery at age 34.^[33] Chick Chandler (June 18, 1905 – January 30, 1988), born Fehrenbacher Ebbert Chandler, was an American character actor and vaudeville performer who appeared in over 130 films, often in comedic supporting roles.^[36] Starting in stage shows during the 1920s, he transitioned to Hollywood in the 1930s, starring in the radio and film series Soldiers of Fortune (1945–1946) and featuring in Westerns and comedies like The Lady Eve (1941).^[36] His career spanned vaudeville, Broadway, and television until the 1970s.^[36]

Athletes and sports figures

Charles James "Chick" Hafey (February 12, 1903 – July 2, 1973) was an American professional baseball outfielder who played 13 seasons in Major League Baseball, primarily with the St. Louis Cardinals from 1924 to 1931. Despite chronic sinus issues and vision problems that led him to wear eyeglasses—one of the first position players to do so—he achieved a career batting average of .317, including a league-leading .349 in 1931, and contributed to two Cardinals World Series championships in 1926 and 1931.^[37]^[38] Hafey was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1985 by the Veterans Committee, recognizing his six All-Star selections (starting in the inaugural 1933 game where he recorded the first hit) and 164 home runs over 1,283 games.^[39] Charles E. "Chick" Evans Jr. (July 18, 1890 – November 6, 1979) was an American amateur golfer renowned for winning both the U.S. Open and U.S. Amateur championships in 1916, a feat unmatched until 1930.^[40] Competing without formal coaching, Evans secured six Western Amateur titles and represented the United States in early Walker Cup matches, amassing over 50 major amateur victories while forgoing professional opportunities to maintain amateur status.^[41] His legacy extends to philanthropy; in 1930, he co-founded the Evans Scholars Foundation with the Western Golf Association, providing full caddie scholarships to over 11,000 students by 2023, funded initially by his personal contributions and later by chapter houses at golf clubs.^[40] Jordan Chiles, an American artistic gymnast nicknamed "Chick" by her family after the Chicken Little character due to her childhood antics, has competed at the elite level since 2013.^[42] She earned team silver and individual bronze on floor exercise at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, followed by team gold and individual silver on floor at the 2024 Paris Olympics, though the latter was initially awarded then stripped amid scoring controversy before reinstatement via appeal.^[42] Chiles secured world all-around silver in 2023 and multiple U.S. national titles, including uneven bars in 2022, highlighting her versatility across events.^[42]

Other historical figures

Dame Harriette Chick (1875–1977) was a British biochemist and nutritionist whose research established key links between dietary deficiencies and diseases such as rickets and beriberi. Born on 15 August 1875 in London, she received a Doctor of Science degree from the University of London in 1904 and joined the Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine, focusing on microbiology and protein science.^[43] ^[44] Chick's experiments in the 1910s and 1920s demonstrated that rickets resulted from a lack of an antirachitic factor, later identified as vitamin D, which could be supplied through cod liver oil or ultraviolet light exposure on food or skin.^[45] Her team cured rickets in rats by these methods, influencing public health policies on fortification and supplementation. She also advanced understanding of beriberi through studies on polished rice diets in pigeons, confirming its nutritional basis and the efficacy of autoclaved yeast extracts containing what became known as vitamin B1.^[43] These findings, published in peer-reviewed journals, contributed to the global recognition of vitamins' roles in preventing deficiency diseases. During World War I, Chick applied her expertise to food preservation, validating pasteurization's effectiveness against bacteria in milk without destroying nutritional value, based on controlled heating trials.^[46] She continued research into protein quality and aging effects on nutrient absorption into her later years, living to 101 and receiving damehood in 1941 for her scientific contributions.^[44] Her work at the Lister Institute emphasized empirical testing over prevailing theories, prioritizing causal mechanisms in nutrition.^[43] Vice Admiral Bernard A. Clarey (1912–1996), nicknamed "Chick," was a U.S. Navy officer who commanded submarines during World War II, earning distinction for combat operations in the Pacific. Born on 4 May 1912, he graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1934 and served as executive officer on USS Amberjack (SS-219), participating in sinkings of Japanese vessels despite the submarine's eventual loss.^[47] Later commands included USS Pintado (SS-387), where he contributed to multiple enemy ship sinkings verified by postwar records. Clarey's postwar career advanced to senior roles, including Commander, Submarine Force, U.S. Pacific Fleet, and Vice Chief of Naval Operations from January 1968 to December 1970, overseeing naval strategy amid Vietnam War escalations.^[47] He retired in 1973 after nearly 40 years of service, later serving as a bank executive until his death on 15 June 1996.^[48] The Admiral Clarey Bridge at Pearl Harbor was named in his honor, recognizing his leadership in submarine warfare and fleet administration.^[47]

Fictional characters

In literature and comics

Chick Mallison appears as a central teenage protagonist in William Faulkner's 1948 novel Intruder in the Dust, where he grapples with racial injustice and moral dilemmas in the American South, embodying Faulkner's archetype of youthful idealism confronting societal dragons.^[49] Mallison's character draws from Faulkner's recurring themes of chivalric youth in the Yoknapatawpha saga, testing personal ethics against entrenched Southern traditions.^[49] In L. Frank Baum's 1906 fantasy novel John Dough and the Cherub, Chick the Cherub serves as a companion to the gingerbread man John Dough, depicted as an incubator-born child with ethereal, gender-ambiguous traits who aids in whimsical adventures across fairy realms.^[50] This character highlights Baum's inventive blend of mechanical origins and magical escapism, predating similar motifs in later speculative fiction. Chick Bill stars as the titular hero in a long-running Franco-Belgian comic series created by cartoonist Tibet (Gilbert Gascard), debuting in 1953 and spanning over 50 albums until 2010, featuring humorous Western escapades with anthropomorphic allies like deputy Small-Poodle (a dog) and sidekick Kid Ordinn.^[51]^[52] The series originated from Tibet's Disney-inspired animalistic style, portraying Chick as a lion-maned cowboy in satirical frontier tales published initially in magazines like Chez Nous Junior.^[52] Its enduring popularity in Europe stems from Tibet's detailed artwork and absurd plots, influencing subsequent bande dessinée humor.^[51]

In film and television

In the Pixar animated film Cars (2006), Chick Hicks serves as the primary antagonist, a green 1979 Shyster Cremlin stock car sponsored by Hostile Takeover Bank, known for his ruthless and unsportsmanlike racing tactics, including intentionally ramming competitors to secure victory in the Piston Cup.^[53] Voiced by Michael Keaton, Hicks causes a catastrophic crash during the final race, allowing him to claim the championship, though he subsequently faces widespread condemnation and retires in disgrace after injuring champion Strip "The King" Weathers.^[53] The character reappears in Cars 3 (2017), voiced by Bob Peterson, as a sidelined racing analyst who mocks protagonist Lightning McQueen's career setbacks while promoting his own branded talk show, Chick's Picks.^[53] In the action film Armageddon (1998), directed by Michael Bay, Charles "Chick" Chapple, played by Will Patton, is a skilled oil driller and close friend of team leader Harry Stamper (Bruce Willis), selected for NASA's desperate mission to drill into and detonate a Texas-sized asteroid threatening Earth.^[54] As a crew member aboard the shuttle Freedom, Chick demonstrates expertise in high-pressure drilling operations but sacrifices himself during a critical spacewalk to repair a damaged drill, ensuring the mission's partial success amid escalating complications.^[55] The British comedy Chick (1936), directed by Michael Hankinson and adapted from a play by Phillip MacDonald and Gerald Bullett, centers on Chick Beane, portrayed by Sydney Howard, a humble Oxbridge college hall porter whose life upends when he inherits an earldom, sparking a series of farcical social and romantic entanglements involving scheming relatives and romantic interests.^[56] Howard's performance as the bumbling yet opportunistic protagonist highlights class satire, with Chick navigating aristocratic pretensions and unexpected windfalls in a lighthearted critique of British social mobility.^[56]

Organizations and brands

Chick-fil-A

Chick-fil-A, Inc. is an American fast-food restaurant chain specializing in chicken-based products, founded by S. Truett Cathy in 1946 as the Dwarf Grill in Hapeville, Georgia, initially operated with his brother Ben. The first location serving the signature boneless chicken breast sandwich opened in Atlanta's Greenbriar Mall in 1967, marking the debut of the Chick-fil-A brand name, derived from "chicken fillet." Unlike typical franchising, the company uses an operator model where individuals manage locations under strict corporate oversight, with operators receiving a percentage of sales rather than upfront fees. As of 2024, Chick-fil-A operated 3,109 U.S. locations, generating systemwide sales of $22.7 billion, up from $21.6 billion in 2023, positioning it among the top U.S. restaurant chains by revenue despite no international franchised outlets beyond limited licensing.^[57]^[58]^[59] The chain's core menu features pressure-cooked chicken items, including the Original Chicken Sandwich—a boneless breast on a buttered bun with pickles—nuggets, strips, and salads, paired with waffle potato fries, lemonade, and milkshakes. Limited-time offerings, such as the Pretzel Cheddar Club sandwich introduced in 2025, emphasize premium ingredients like smoked cheddar and applewood bacon. Chick-fil-A maintains a focus on fresh, never-frozen chicken sourced from U.S. farms, with operational standards prioritizing speed and customer service, including a policy of responding "my pleasure" to thanks. Average annual sales per freestanding U.S. location reached approximately $9.3 million in 2024, driven by efficient drive-thru models and high customer loyalty rankings.^[60]^[61]^[62] From inception, Chick-fil-A has closed all locations on Sundays, a decision by founder Cathy in 1946 rooted in his Baptist faith to allow rest, family time, and worship, forgoing an estimated 6-10% of potential weekly revenue. Cathy, who died on September 8, 2014, at age 93, attributed business success partly to this principle, stating it honored God and fostered employee well-being. Current leadership under chairman Dan T. Cathy upholds these values, emphasizing stewardship and hospitality drawn from biblical references.^[63]^[58] Philanthropically, Chick-fil-A supports education, youth camps, and community programs through the Chick-fil-A Foundation and the WinShape Foundation, established by Cathy in 1984 to "shape winners" via scholarships, foster care, and marriage initiatives aligned with Christian principles. Annual giving exceeds tens of millions, including operator-led local donations.^[64] The company faced public scrutiny in 2012 when CEO Dan Cathy affirmed opposition to same-sex marriage as "inviting God's judgment," prompting boycotts after disclosures that the Chick-fil-A Foundation and WinShape had donated millions since 2003 to organizations like the Fellowship of Christian Athletes and Salvation Army, which maintain policies against hiring or affirming individuals in same-sex relationships based on religious convictions. These groups, while criticized by LGBTQ advocacy organizations for opposing gay marriage, focus on faith-based youth and social services. In response to pressure, Chick-fil-A ceased funding to the Salvation Army and Fellowship of Christian Athletes in 2019, shifting priorities to hunger alleviation and education without altering its stance on welcoming all customers. The episode highlighted tensions between corporate religious expression and cultural expectations, with supporters countering via events like Chick-fil-A Appreciation Day, boosting sales.^[65]^[66]^[67]

Chick Publications

Chick Publications is an American Christian publishing company based in Ontario, California, specializing in evangelical materials, primarily Chick tracts—short comic booklets designed to convey gospel messages through illustrated stories depicting sin, judgment, and salvation. Founded in 1966 by cartoonist Jack T. Chick following the printing of his early tracts, the company originated from Chick's kitchen table operation and expanded to a dedicated facility by 1970.^[5] Its mission centers on distributing accessible, engaging evangelism tools to reach non-believers, with tracts priced near cost to encourage widespread sharing.^[5] Jack T. Chick (April 13, 1924 – October 23, 2016), the company's founder and primary creator, produced over 200 tract stories after his conversion to evangelical Christianity in 1948, influenced by a radio sermon.^[3] The first tract, A Demon's Nightmare, appeared in 1962, with titles addressing topics like hell, false doctrines, and moral issues through dramatic narratives often featuring sudden deaths and divine interventions. By 2021, Chick Publications reported distributing over 1 billion tracts in more than 100 languages, alongside Crusader comic series, posters, books, and films such as The Light of the World (2003).^[5]^[68] Following Chick's death, the company has continued under leadership including David W. Daniels, who has authored new tracts since 2017 while adhering to the original vision.^[5] The publications emphasize fundamentalist Protestant theology, critiquing practices like evolution, Freemasonry, and non-Protestant religions as deceptive or satanic, based on Chick's biblical literalism and historical interpretations. This approach has achieved broad dissemination—estimated at hundreds of millions by independent tallies—but sparked controversies, including bans in countries like Singapore and repudiations from booksellers and some evangelicals for inflammatory content.^[5]^[69] Catholic organizations, such as the Catholic League, have condemned tracts like Are Roman Catholics Christians? for alleging papal devil worship and historical conspiracies, viewing them as hate promotion rather than evangelism.^[70] Even within evangelical circles, outlets like Christianity Today have noted the tracts' extremity, with some co-religionists distancing themselves from the all-or-nothing rhetoric and conspiracy elements, though proponents credit them with personal conversions.^[71]^[72]

Other commercial entities

Chicken Salad Chick is a fast-casual restaurant chain specializing in made-from-scratch chicken salads, pimento cheese, and egg salads, founded in 2008 in Auburn, Alabama, by Stacy and Kevin Brown as a single location after Stacy developed 13 original chicken salad recipes during breast cancer recovery.^[73]^[74] By 2025, the chain operates over 305 franchised and company-owned locations across 22 states, employing approximately 2,207 people and emphasizing Southern-inspired hospitality with daily fresh preparations.^[75]^[76] The brand distinguishes itself through unique chicken salad flavors named after real individuals, such as "Dixie Chick" and "Olivia's Old South," alongside sides like pasta salads, soups, and desserts, with menu items crafted without preservatives or artificial flavors.^[77] Growth accelerated post-2019 private equity investment by Brentwood Associates, leading to 88 new franchise agreements and nearly 40 openings in 2024 alone, reflecting a purpose-driven expansion model focused on community engagement and operator support.^[78]^[79] Smaller entities bearing the "Chick" name include Apparel Chick, a Texas-based HUB-certified firm established in 2011 offering custom screen printing, embroidery, and promotional products for apparel and accessories.^[80] Similarly, Chick Chick Coop markets chicken coops and poultry supplies for backyard farming enthusiasts.^[81] These operations remain niche compared to larger chains but cater to specialized markets in customization and homesteading.

Places

Geographical locations

Chick Springs is a historic mineral spring located in Taylors, Greenville County, South Carolina, approximately 10 miles northwest of downtown Greenville. Discovered by Cherokee people and later developed by Dr. Burwell Chick in 1840, the site features iron-rich waters believed to have therapeutic properties, attracting visitors for health treatments in the 19th century.^[82]^[83] By 1842, Chick had established a 60-room luxury hotel and resort on the 192-acre property, which operated as a popular destination until the early 20th century, hosting events like dances and picnics amid the surrounding oak groves and gazebos.^[84] The resort declined after a 1920s fire and economic shifts, but preservation efforts by the Chick Springs Historical Society since 2008 and a 2024 acquisition by Taylors TownSquare aim to restore the spring house and grounds as a public park.^[85] Chick Island refers to multiple small islands or reefs bearing the name, primarily in Canadian waters. In Lake Erie near the Canada-U.S. border, Chick Island is a flat, treeless reef approximately 0.1 square kilometers in area, situated about 5 kilometers northeast of Pelee Island, Ontario, and used historically for navigation markers.^[86] Another Chick Island lies in Range 5 Coast Land District, British Columbia, a minor coastal feature amid the province's rugged archipelago.^[87] Chick Hill denotes summits in Maine, United States, with two notable instances. In Franklin County, Chick Hill rises to 1,953 feet (595 meters) at coordinates 44°59'26"N, 70°40'50"W, classified as a summit in the state's western highlands.^[88] Separately, in Clifton (Penobscot County), Chick Hill—also known locally as Peaked Mountain or Big Chick Hill—reaches about 1,160 feet (353 meters) and offers hiking trails with panoramic views of Mount Desert Island and surrounding ponds, accessible via a 1.3-mile moderate route popular among local hikers.^[89]

Historical sites

The Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park encompasses the site of the Battle of Chickamauga, a pivotal engagement of the American Civil War fought on September 19–20, 1863, between Union forces under Major General William S. Rosecrans and Confederate armies led by General Braxton Bragg, resulting in a Confederate victory that represented their most significant success in the Western Theater. The park, established by Congress on August 19, 1890, spans over 9,000 acres across Georgia and Tennessee, preserving battlefields, monuments, and earthworks where approximately 34,000 casualties occurred, including 18,000 Union and 16,000 Confederate soldiers. It also includes related Chattanooga Campaign sites, such as Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge, highlighting Union recovery efforts that secured control of the "Gateway to the Deep South" by late 1863. The Chickahominy Shipyard Archaeological Site, located near Toano, Virginia, represents an intact 18th-century shipbuilding facility established in 1776 during the American Revolutionary War on the Chickahominy River, featuring submerged and terrestrial remnants of colonial-era vessels, tools, and structures that supported naval construction for the Continental effort.^[90] Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979, the site yields artifacts illustrating maritime technology and wartime logistics in the Tidewater region, with evidence of at least five ships built there amid British naval threats.^[90] Nearby, Chickahominy Bluff, part of the Richmond National Battlefield Park, marks a key crossing point during the 1862 Peninsula Campaign, where Confederate forces under General Robert E. Lee assembled over 20,000 troops on June 26 to advance across the river, contributing to the eventual Union retreat from the York Peninsula. Chick Springs in Greenville County, South Carolina, originated as a mineral spring site used by the Cherokee prior to European settlement and was developed into a resort in 1840 by Dr. Burwell Chick, who constructed a 60-room hotel and bathhouses promoting the springs' purported health benefits, attracting visitors until economic decline in the Great Depression led to its closure as a luxury destination by the 1930s.^[83] The property later hosted a military academy (1916–1917), a sanitarium (1919–1932), and an amusement park from 1927 onward, with surviving structures like the spring house and gazebo preserved through efforts by the Chick Springs Historical Society, founded in 2008, culminating in its 2024 acquisition by Taylors TownSquare for public park development while maintaining historical integrity.^[91]^[82]

Arts, entertainment, and media

Films

Chick (1928) is a British silent drama film directed by A.V. Bramble. The story follows a Cockney character who inherits a title and becomes involved in child welfare efforts.^[92] Chick (1936) is a British comedy-crime film directed by Michael Hankinson. It centers on a hall porter at an Oxbridge college who inherits an earldom and embarks on a series of adventures.^[93] The Hot Chick (2002) is an American fantasy comedy film directed by Tom Brady. The plot involves a popular high school cheerleader, Jessica Spencer (played by Rachel McAdams), who swaps bodies with a small-time criminal, Clive (Rob Schneider), due to cursed earrings, forcing her to navigate his life while he exploits hers. The film grossed $54.1 million worldwide on a $25 million budget and received mixed reviews for its body-swap humor.^[94] Chick Fight (2020) is an American action comedy film directed by Paul Leyden. It follows Anna Wyncomb (Malin Åkerman), a woman facing personal turmoil who joins an underground all-female fight club, uncovering her fighting potential and connections to its history; Bella Thorne co-stars as a rival fighter. The film premiered on November 13, 2020, and holds a 38% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 29 reviews.^[95]^[96]

Music works

Armando Anthony "Chick" Corea (June 12, 1941 – February 9, 2021) was an American jazz pianist, composer, bandleader, and multi-instrumentalist renowned for his innovations in jazz fusion, post-bop, and avant-garde jazz.^[97]^[98] A 27-time Grammy Award winner and National Endowment for the Arts Jazz Master, Corea founded influential ensembles such as Return to Forever and the Chick Corea Elektric Band, blending acoustic and electric elements with influences from Latin music, classical, and free jazz.^[97] His extensive discography includes over 80 albums as a leader, with key works like Now He Sings, Now He Sobs (1968) showcasing his rhythmic complexity and improvisational prowess.^[99] Corea collaborated with artists including Miles Davis on the seminal fusion album Bitches Brew (1970) and maintained an active career until his death from cancer.^[98] William Henry "Chick" Webb (February 10, 1905 – June 16, 1939) was an American jazz and swing drummer and bandleader who overcame physical challenges from childhood tuberculosis to become a pivotal figure in the big band era.^[33] Leading his orchestra from the late 1920s, Webb's group gained fame at the Savoy Ballroom in Harlem, known for high-energy drumming and tight ensemble playing despite his small stature and inability to read sheet music.^[100] He discovered and mentored vocalist Ella Fitzgerald in 1934, who joined his band and helped propel hits like "A-Tisket, A-Tasket" (1938) to commercial success.^[33] Webb's recordings, such as those with his Savoy Eight, emphasized rhythmic drive and swing, influencing subsequent drummers before his early death from spinal complications.^[100] The alternative rock band Chick released the album Someone's Ugly Daughter on September 5, 1995, through Epic Records, featuring quirky, introspective tracks produced with contributions from session musicians including background vocals by Mariah Carey. Notable songs incorporating "chick" include April March's "Chick Habit" (1995), a surf-rock cover popularized by its use in the film Pulp Fiction, and David Guetta's "Who's That Chick?" (2010) featuring Rihanna, which topped charts in several European countries as an electro-house track.^[101]^[102]

Literature and publications

Chick lit emerged as a distinct genre of popular fiction in the 1990s, characterized by narratives centered on young, urban women confronting romantic entanglements, professional ambitions, and personal growth, often with humor and consumerism as recurring motifs. The term derives from "chick," slang for a young woman, and was initially applied to works like Helen Fielding's Bridget Jones's Diary (1996), which chronicled the protagonist's diary entries amid dating mishaps and self-improvement efforts, selling over 5 million copies worldwide by 2000.^[103] This subgenre contrasted with earlier women's fiction by emphasizing contemporary, relatable dilemmas in a fast-paced, confessional style, influencing publishers to market pastel-covered paperbacks to a demographic of single women aged 20-40.^[104] The genre's popularity peaked in the early 2000s, spawning bestsellers such as Sophie Kinsella's Confessions of a Shopaholic (2000), which depicted impulsive shopping as a form of escapism and resonated with readers through its lighthearted take on financial irresponsibility, amassing sales exceeding 15 million units across the series. Critics, however, frequently dismissed chick lit as formulaic and pandering, arguing it perpetuated stereotypes of female frivolity while sidelining deeper social issues, though its commercial dominance—generating billions in revenue for imprints like those from Random House—underscored its appeal rooted in escapist realism rather than literary prestige.^[105] Academic analyses note its roots in 1980s slang but highlight how media amplification in the 1990s transformed it into a branded category, with global variants adapting themes to local contexts, such as career pressures in Asian editions. By the mid-2010s, chick lit evolved or faced backlash amid broader literary shifts toward diverse voices, yet its legacy persists in hybrid forms blending romance with social commentary, as seen in works like Emily Giffin's Something Borrowed (2005), which explored ethical ambiguities in friendships and infidelity, selling over 11 million copies. Publications within the genre often prioritize first-person perspectives and witty prose to mirror everyday anxieties, distinguishing them from traditional romance by integrating elements of satire and self-deprecation.^[106]

Sports

Baseball teams and figures

Charles James "Chick" Hafey (February 12, 1903 – July 2, 1973) was an American outfielder in Major League Baseball, primarily with the St. Louis Cardinals from 1924 to 1931, followed by stints with the Cincinnati Reds and brief returns to the Cardinals.^[37] Despite chronic sinus issues and poor eyesight that necessitated eyeglasses—one of the first position players to do so—he achieved a .317 career batting average over 1,283 games, including a league-leading .348 mark in 1931.^[38] Hafey contributed to the Cardinals' World Series championships in 1926 and 1931 as part of the "Gashouse Gang," recording 1,466 hits and 164 home runs; he was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1971 by the Veterans Committee.^[107] Charles Arnold "Chick" Gandil (January 19, 1888 – December 13, 1970) served as first baseman for the Chicago White Sox from 1917 to 1919, after earlier play with the Washington Senators and Cleveland Naps.^[108] Known for his fielding prowess and leadership, Gandil batted .277 over his MLB career but became infamous as the instigator of the 1919 Black Sox Scandal, recruiting teammates to fix the World Series against the Cincinnati Reds for gamblers' payoffs.^[109] Banned for life by Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis in 1921, Gandil later denied full culpability in his 1956 account but admitted initiating contacts; he retired to California, working in plumbing and oil fields without seeking baseball reinstatement.^[110] Other notable players include Charles Sylvester "Chick" Stahl (1873–1907), a center fielder for the Boston Beaneaters and Reds who led the National League with 20 home runs in 1904 before his suicide amid personal struggles. Charles "Chick" Fraser (1873–1940), a pitcher for teams like the Philadelphia Phillies, threw a no-hitter on September 13, 1903, against the Chicago Cubs and appeared in two World Series (1903, 1914), compiling a 193-196 record with 1,372 strikeouts.^[111] Charles Philip "Chick" Fullis (1901–1946) was a utility infielder-outfielder in the 1920s–1930s for the Giants and others, valued for defensive versatility but limited by .284 career average over 682 games.^[112] No Major League teams have borne the name "Chick," though minor league affiliates and amateur squads occasionally adopted bird-themed monikers indirectly related.

Other athletic contexts

Charles E. "Chick" Evans Jr. was a celebrated American amateur golfer who co-founded the Evans Scholars Foundation in 1930 with the Western Golf Association to provide full-tuition scholarships to golf caddies demonstrating financial need, academic excellence, and strong character.^[40] The program, which enrolled its first scholars at Northwestern University that year, has since supported over 12,575 graduates with a 95% graduation rate across 27 universities.^[40] Francis Dayle "Chick" Hearn (November 27, 1916 – August 5, 2002) served as the play-by-play broadcaster for the Los Angeles Lakers for 42 seasons, calling a streak of 3,338 consecutive games from November 21, 1965, to December 16, 2001.^[113] He popularized basketball terminology including "slam dunk" and "no harm, no foul," along with descriptive phrases known as "Chickisms" such as "the mustard's off the hot dog."^[113] Hearn received three National Sportscaster of the Year awards (1959, 1965, 1987), the Curt Gowdy Media Award in 1992, and induction into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2003.^[113] Charles "Chick" Lang, born in Hamilton, Ontario, emerged as North America's leading jockey in 1921 at age 16, securing 135 victories in his debut season after riding his first race at Havre de Grace, Maryland.^[114] He won the Kentucky Derby in 1928 aboard Reigh Count, along with the King's Plate in 1925 on Fairbank and multiple stakes races including the Jockey Club Gold Cup (1923, 1928), Saratoga Cup, and Belmont Futurity.^[114] Retiring in 1928 due to weight gain before a brief 1932 comeback, Lang amassed 601 career wins and was inducted into the Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame in 1990.^[114] American Olympic gymnast Jordan Chiles (born April 15, 2001) competes under the family nickname "Chick," derived from her childhood resemblance to the Disney character Chicken Little while wearing a T-ball helmet.^[42] A three-time Olympian, Chiles earned team gold and individual bronzes at the 2024 Paris Games, team silver in Tokyo 2020, and multiple World Championship medals including team gold in 2022.^[42]

Other uses

Technical or niche terms

In developmental biology, a chick refers to the embryo or hatchling of the domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), serving as a widely used model organism for studying vertebrate embryogenesis due to its accessibility, external development within a shell, and genetic tractability.^[115] The chick embryo allows non-invasive observation and manipulation from fertilization through hatching, enabling experiments on processes like gastrulation, neurulation, and organogenesis that parallel mammalian development.^[116] Pioneered in early 20th-century embryology, this model has facilitated discoveries in gene expression, cell migration, and axis formation, with techniques such as electroporation for targeted gene knockdown.^[117] In avian ecology and behavioral studies, chick-rearing denotes the post-hatching phase when parent birds provision and protect dependent offspring, often analyzed for niche partitioning, foraging strategies, and parental investment in seabirds and passerines.^[118] This term highlights sex-specific or species-specific adaptations, such as dimorphic foraging overlaps in petrels, where adults adjust diets and ranges to meet chick nutritional demands, typically spanning weeks until fledging.^[119] Such analyses rely on stable isotope tracking and GPS data to quantify resource overlap, revealing evolutionary pressures on reproductive success.^[120] In immunology and oncology research, the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay employs fertilized eggs to model tumor angiogenesis, metastasis, and immune responses, offering an ethical, cost-effective alternative to rodent models with high reproducibility for grafting human cancer cells.^[121] The CAM's vascular network supports rapid xenograft growth observable by embryonic day 8-12, aiding drug screening for anti-angiogenic compounds.^[122] This niche application underscores the chick's utility in translational studies, though limitations include species-specific immune differences from mammals.^[123]

Acronyms and abbreviations

"CHICK" does not correspond to any widely recognized acronym or abbreviation in scientific, technical, military, or organizational contexts, as confirmed by standard reference sources defining it instead as a common noun.^[26]^[124] The term originates from Middle English "chike," a diminutive of "chicken," denoting the young of a domestic fowl or other birds.^[24] Slang usage extending it to a young woman emerged in the early 20th century, particularly in American English, but remains a lexical extension rather than an initialism.^[26] Claims of backronyms, such as informal expansions like "Confident Hip In Control Knockout," appear in unverified online databases but lack substantiation from reputable linguistic or domain-specific authorities.^[125]

References

[1]
https://www.chick.com/information/article?id=biography-of-jack-chick
[2]
Jack T. Chick, Cartoonist Whose Tracts Preached Salvation, Dies at 92
Oct 26, 2016 · Jack Thomas Chick was born on April 13, 1924, in Los Angeles and grew up in the Boyle Heights neighborhood, the son of Thomas Chick, a ...
[3]
Chick.com: About Jack T. Chick
### Summary of Jack T. Chick
[4]
Jack T. Chick - Lambiek Comiclopedia
Oct 23, 2016 · Jack T. Chick was a U.S. comic artist, writer and publisher of extremely popular but controversial Christian comics.
[5]
Chick.com: About Us
### Summary of Chick Publications
[6]
The Comics and Brimstone of Jack T. Chick, 1924-2016
Oct 24, 2016 · Jack Thomas Chick was born on April 13, 1924, in Boyle Heights, California. Not much else is known about Chick, as he only ever gave one interview after 1975.
[7]
Bird Academy's A-to-Z Glossary of Bird Terms
Sep 9, 2016 · A patch of skin on the breast and belly of birds that has lost feathers and become swollen through both the retention of large amounts of water ...
[8]
Altricial or Precocial Young Birds: Know the Differences - Avian Report
Birds have two types of chicks: those that remain in the nest and depend entirely on their parents (altricial) or those that leave the nest within 1-2 days ...
[9]
What Is a Fledgling? See How a Baby Bird Grows up
Jun 30, 2022 · Find out what the five common bird life stages mean and see how robins and other baby birds look as a fledgling, nestling and more,Hatchling · Nestling · Fledgling Or Juvenile
[10]
Life Cycle of a Bird - BYJU'S
Life Cycle of a Bird: · 1) The Egg – Stage 1 – · 2) The Hatching – Stage 2 – · 3) The Nestling – Stage 3 – · 4) The Fledgling – Stage 4 – · 5) The Juvenile – Stage 5 ...
[11]
What Baby Birds Learn in Their First 24 Hours - BirdWatching
Jun 4, 2025 · Altricial chicks hatch in a very undeveloped, helpless state. They are typically blind (eyes closed), naked or sparsely downed (no feathers for ...
[12]
Birds' Life Stages Defined - All Seasons Wild Bird Store
May 28, 2019 · HATCHLING. A bird just out of the egg. · NESTLING. A bird that remains in the nest until it is able to fly. · CHICK. · FLEDGLING. A bird that has ...
[13]
6 Milestones of Chicken Growth Stages | Purina Animal Nutrition
1. Weeks 1-4: Baby chicks · 2. Weeks 5-15: The teenage chicken stage · 3. Weeks 16-17: When to switch from chick starter to layer feed · 4. Week 18: At what age do ...
[14]
Chicken Growth Stages: How Chickens Grow Throughout Their Lives
Sep 21, 2021 · Chicken Growth Stages: How Chickens Grow Throughout Their Lives · Stage 1 – Weeks 1 – 4 · Stage 2 – Weeks 5 – 15 · Stage 3 – Weeks 16 – 18 · Stage 4 ...Stage 1 -- Weeks 1 -- 4 · Stage 3 -- Weeks 16 -- 18 · Stage 4 -- Weeks 19 And On
[15]
Chick - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
Chicks are defined as the young offspring that emerge from fertilized chicken eggs after a 21-day incubation period, representing a stage in the life cycle of ...
[16]
Management of Growing Chickens - Poultry - Merck Veterinary Manual
Chicks are started with 24 hours of light for several days; thereafter, light is decreased. Both length of day and intensity of light are important.Missing: facts | Show results with:facts
[17]
General Brooding and Rearing | Poultry
Initial brooding temperature, at the level of the chicks, should be 30 to 34 C and reduced by approximately two to three C per week until 21 C is reached.Temperature Control · Floor Covering · Lighting<|control11|><|separator|>
[18]
The Seven Basics of Better Brooding | The Poultry Site
Modern poultry houses and management systems give us the ability to control conditions in the house and give chicks the good start they need. All it takes is ...
[19]
Raising layer chicks and pullets | UMN Extension
Quick facts. Small flocks require relatively minimal space. Chicks require ½ square foot of space each. Mature birds require up to 2 ½ square feet of space ...
[20]
Seven things to know about caring for baby chicks
Young chicks require a heat source and room-temperature water along with pine shavings for bedding. Try to provide .5 square foot per chick at the beginning.
[21]
FS148: Helpful Hints for Small Flock Management (Rutgers NJAES)
Chicks from 0–6 weeks old should be fed a “starter” ration. Pullets (adolescence) from 6–20 weeks should be fed a grower ration. Laying hens should be fed a ...
[22]
Fairchild: Seven management practices to raise healthy chicks
Jun 4, 2025 · Brian Fairchild, PhD, discussed his top seven considerations for effective poultry management during a recent PSA webinar.Missing: facts | Show results with:facts
[23]
Tips for bringing baby chicks home - Beginning Farmer
Mar 4, 2025 · Here are some tips to make sure your chicks get off to the best start! Chicks require a warm brood, fresh water and starter feed.
[24]
Chick - Etymology, Origin & Meaning
The modern slang meaning "young woman" is from 1915, and probably arose independently of the older word (compare slang use of chick). chickweed(n.) late ...
[25]
After Several Years Of Casual Use, The Word `Chick' Is, Well, Chic
Jul 23, 1995 · Chick was first used in the black community in the 1920s, according to "Juba to Jive: A Dictionary of African-American Slang." It says that ...
[26]
CHICK Definition & Meaning - Dictionary.com
As a term used to refer to a young woman, chick is slightly dated. Originally it was perceived as insulting because of the perception that it infantilized ...Missing: etymology | Show results with:etymology
[27]
American slang - Chick - English Daily
chick. Definition, A young woman, girl. Examples, 1) I saw this cute chick at ... Etymology, It comes from earlier slang terms like "chicken" and "spring ...
[28]
Why are women called chicks? - English Stack Exchange
Dec 18, 2013 · Etymonline: As slang for "young woman" it is first recorded 1927 ... Therefore, chick can describe a pretty (and usually) very young female ...
[29]
Origin of slang term "chick"? - Straight Dope Message Board
Aug 28, 2001 · The term “chick” to simply mean a young girl or woman goes back in print to 1677 meaning a young woman. It was evidently not uncommon as ...Missing: etymology | Show results with:etymology<|separator|>
[30]
Biography | Chick Corea
A DownBeat Hall of Famer and NEA Jazz Master, 27-time Grammy winner, and keyboard virtuoso, Chick Corea has attained legendary status after five decades of ...
[31]
Early Years: 1941-71 | Chick Corea
Born Armando Anthony Corea in Chelsea, Massachusetts on June 12, 1941, Chick began studying piano at age four. Early on in his development, Horace Silver ...
[32]
Chick Corea | National Endowment for the Arts
Feb 9, 2021 · Pianist and composer Chick Corea is a musical shapeshifter, moving fluidly among jazz, fusion and classical music throughout a five-decade career.
[33]
Chick Webb Jazz Drummer, Bandleader - The Kennedy Center
Chick Webb was a short, hunchbacked drummer and bandleader, known for his memory, unique drumming, and band's win at the Battle of the Bands. He also jammed ...Missing: named | Show results with:named
[34]
Chick Webb, The King of Swing - AAIHS
Nov 22, 2023 · Chick Webb, born William Henry Webb, was a celebrated drummer, composer, and bandleader during the Harlem Renaissance. He was hailed as the “ ...
[35]
William "Chick" Webb - Percussive Arts Society
William "Chick" Webb was a band leader and "crazy drummer" who led a successful band, and was considered a great natural bandleader and one of the "immortals ...
[36]
Chick Chandler(1905-1988) - IMDb
Chick Chandler (1905-1988) was an American film actor known for comedic roles, starting in vaudeville, and starring in 'Soldiers of Fortune'. He died at 83.
[37]
Chick Hafey - Society for American Baseball Research
Chick Hafey was one of the first position players in the major leagues to wear eyeglasses. Problems with his eyesight did not prevent him from winning a ...
[38]
Chick Hafey - Baseball Hall of Fame
Hampered by poor eyesight and severe sinus problems, Charles James “Chick” Hafey played just 1,283 games but still managed to amass 1,466 hits and a career ...
[39]
Chick Hafey Stats, Age, Position, Height, Weight, Fantasy & News
Chick Hafey Stats, Age, Position, Height, Weight, Fantasy & News. ... Major League Baseball · News · Probable Pitchers · Starting Lineups · Transactions ...
[40]
WGAESF - Scholarships
In 1930, the Western Golf Association and celebrated amateur golfer Charles “Chick” Evans Jr. established the Evans Scholars Foundation. The Foundation's ...
[41]
Chick Evans: Golf Legend, Humanitarian and Chicagoan
Apr 5, 2023 · A golfing legend and philanthropist, Charles E. “Chick” Evans Jr. left an indelible mark on the world of golf and the lives of countless young people.<|control11|><|separator|>
[42]
Jordan Chiles Meet the Athlete - NBC Olympics
May 21, 2024 · What is Jordan Chiles' nickname? Jordan Chiles' family gave her the nickname Chick, after the character Chicken Little. As a kid, Chiles used to ...
[43]
Harriette Chick and the Problem of Rickets1 - The Journal of Nutrition
Harriette Chick (1875–1977) grew up in Victorian England at a time when women were assumed to be unsuited for any senior administrative position and did not ...
[44]
Dame Harriette Chick - Person - National Portrait Gallery
Dame Harriette Chick (1875-1977), Biochemist. Sitter in 1 portrait. Chick's major discovery was the nutritional origins of diseases and the use of vitamins and ...
[45]
Harriette Chick - Illustrated Women in History
Feb 11, 2021 · Harriette Chick was a British microbiologist, protein scientist and nutritionist. She is best remembered for demonstrating the roles of sunlight and cod liver ...Missing: biography | Show results with:biography
[46]
Early Women Biochemists 1911–1939: Harriette Chick
Chick obtained her early education at Notting Hill High School for Girls (founded 1873), which had an excellent reputation for science tuition.Missing: biography | Show results with:biography<|separator|>
[47]
Bernard Clarey, 84, Commander of Pacific Fleet - The New York Times
Jun 24, 1996 · Adm. Bernard A. Clarey, a former Vice Chief of Naval Operations who commanded naval forces in the Pacific at the height of the Vietnam War, ...Missing: Chick | Show results with:Chick
[48]
ADM Bernard Ambrose Clarey - Military Hall of Honor
Admiral Years Served: 1934 - 1973. Bernard Ambrose Clarey 'Chick'. Graduate, U.S. Naval Academy, Class of 1934. Engagements: • World War II (1941 - 1945)
[49]
Chick Mallison | The Digital Yoknapatawpha Project
Jun 18, 2015 · Chick is the youngest in the line of Faulkner's knightly idealists, the sons of the aristocratic class who confront the dragons of southern history and society.
[50]
Chick the Cherub | Public Domain Super Heroes - Fandom
Chick the Cherub is a child who once lived on the Isle of Phreex and later became Head Booleywag to King John Dough of Hiland and Loland.
[51]
Chick Bill Comic book catalogue - LastDodo
14-day returnsFeb 8, 2025 · Chick Bill is a humorous western comic strip (1954-2010), written and drawn by French cartoonist Tibet (Gilbert Gascard, 1931-2010) and ...
[52]
chick Bill - Lioncomics
One day, the editor asks him to create an animalist series in the spirit of Disney. Are born thus Chick Bill, a cow-boy with a mane of lion cub, Small-Poodle, a ...
[53]
Chick Hicks - Pixar Wiki - Fandom
Chick Hicks is a main character in Cars, and a supporting character in Cars 3. He is a green 1979 Shyster Cremlin. He races for the sponsor Hostile Takeover ...Cars · Cars 3 · Trivia · Quotes
[54]
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120591/fullcredits
[55]
Armageddon | Cast and Crew - Rotten Tomatoes
Character(s) Charles "Chick" Chapple. Credit(s) Actor. Peter Stormare ... Credit(s) Film Editing. Chris Lebenzon. Character(s). Credit(s) Film Editing.
[56]
Chick (1936) - IMDb
Top Cast18 ; Sydney Howard · Chick Beane ; Betty Ann Davies · Peggy ; Fred Conyngham · Sir Anthony Monsard ; Cecil Humphreys · Sturgis ; Mae Bacon · Gert.Missing: character | Show results with:character
[57]
Chick-fil-A sales slowed in 2024, franchise disclosure documents ...
Systemwide sales in the U.S. were $22.7 billion, up from $21.6 billion in 2023, according to the FDD. Atlanta-based Chick-fil-A had 3,109 U.S. units 2024 and ...
[58]
Dwarf House - Chick-fil-A Company History
S. Truett Cathy. 1921-2014. Chick-fil-A, Inc., Founder S. Truett Cathy died Sept. 8, 2014, at age 93. Cathy started the business in 1946, when he and his ...
[59]
How did Chick-fil-A get its start?
Our founder S. Truett Cathy started a small business in 1946, The Dwarf Grill, with his brother Ben in Atlanta. Through the years, that restaurant prospered ...
[60]
Entrees | Chick-fil-A
Enjoy a freshly prepared entree from Chick-fil-A featuring classics like the Original Chick-fil-A Chicken Sandwich, nuggets, Chick-n-Strips, Cool Wrap and ...Chicken Sandwich · Chick-n-Strips · Nuggets · Cool Wrap
[61]
Chick-fil-A's Sales Surpassed $22 Billion in 2024 - QSR Magazine
Apr 2, 2025 · It also opened 132 to reach a total of 2,684 stores (55 company owned and 2,629 franchised). Chick-fil-A retracted by three corporate locations ...
[62]
Cherry Berry & Sprite ® Debuts Alongside the Pretzel Cheddar Club ...
Aug 7, 2025 · Fall for Chick-fil-A's New Lineup: Cherry Berry & Sprite® Debuts Alongside the Pretzel Cheddar Club Sandwich · Sparkling Blackberry Mint Lemonade.
[63]
Why is Chick-fil-A closed on Sunday?
Our founder S. Truett Cathy made the decision to close on Sundays in 1946 when he opened his first restaurant in Hapeville, Georgia.
[64]
About WinShape
WinShape is a Christian non-profit founded in 1984 to invest in college students, aiming to move people closer to Christ through five core ministries.
[65]
Chick-fil-A will no longer donate to anti-LGBTQ organizations - CNN
Nov 18, 2019 · Chick-fil-A is making major changes to its charitable foundation, ending donations to two organizations that have been criticized for being ...
[66]
Chick-fil-A Stops Giving to 2 Groups Criticized by L.G.B.T.Q. Advocates
Nov 18, 2019 · Chick-fil-A said on Monday that it had stopped making charitable donations to the Salvation Army and the Fellowship of Christian Athletes.
[67]
Chick-fil-A's charitable foundation kept donating to anti-LGBTQ groups
Mar 22, 2019 · The Chick-fil-A Foundation donated more than $1.8 million to three groups with a history of anti-LGBTQ discrimination in 2017.
[68]
https://www.chick.com/information/article?id=one-billion-chick-tracts
[69]
Chick Tract Collection - Archives at Yale
The controversial tracts written and illustrated by Jack T. Chick since the early 1960s document a fringe element of American Christian fundamentalism and ...
[70]
A SURVEY OF CHICK PUBLICATIONS - Catholic League
Sep 24, 2019 · Priced to sell at just 13 cents each, Chick has done a masterful job marketing its hatred. Titles include “Are Roman Catholics Christians?”; “ ...Missing: controversies | Show results with:controversies
[71]
Died: Jack Chick, Cartoonist Whose Controversial Tracts Became ...
Oct 24, 2016 · Chick's messages were controversial—including among evangelicals—but his work enjoyed a global reach. His most popular tract, This Was Your Life ...<|separator|>
[72]
Remembering Jack Chick: the Christian cartoonist who tried to save ...
Oct 25, 2016 · Jack T Chick, the cartoonist and evangelist, died on Sunday at the age of 92. It is probably safe to say that there was no one else like him in the world.
[73]
Chicken Salad Chick | About Us
Chicken Salad Chick, founded in 2008, is a fast-casual restaurant dedicated to fresh chicken salad, with over 300 locations in 22 states.
[74]
Chicken Salad Chick - Overview, Competitors, News, and Employees
Chicken Salad Chick, the nations only southern-inspired, fast-casual chicken salad restaurant concept was founded in 2008 in Auburn, Alabama by Stacy and ...
[75]
CHICKEN SALAD CHICK GROWS IN TEXAS WITH NEW ...
Jul 28, 2025 · Founded in Auburn, Alabama, by Stacy and Kevin Brown, in 2008, Chicken Salad Chick has grown to operate more than 305 restaurants in 22 states.<|separator|>
[76]
Chicken Salad Chick 2025 Company Profile - PitchBook
Chicken Salad Chick, founded in 2008, is a private restaurant chain specializing in chicken salads, with 2,207 employees, and is in the Restaurants and Bars ...
[77]
What Makes Our Franchise Unique - Chicken Salad Chick
Chicken Salad Chick is the only fast-casual, made-from-scratch chicken salad concept, with unique flavors named after real people, and a focus on Southern ...
[78]
Chicken Salad Chick - Brentwood Associates
Chicken Salad Chick, founded in 2008, is known for its made-from-scratch chicken salads, pimento cheese, and egg salad. Brentwood invested in 2019 when it had ...
[79]
Chicken Salad Chick Sees Skyrocketing Growth in 2024
Feb 11, 2025 · Chicken Salad Chick closed out the year with 88 new restaurant deals and nearly 40 openings, demonstrating their commitment to purpose driven franchise growth.
[80]
About – Apparel Chick
Apparel Chick is a HUB certified woman-owned and operated small business, founded in Sugar Land, TX in 2011. We provide custom screen printing, embroidery and ...
[81]
About - Chick Chick Coop
At Chick Chick Coop, we believe that raising chickens should be a delightful experience—whether you're a seasoned farmer or just starting your backyard flock.
[82]
Chick Springs - Taylors TownSquare
Chick Springs. The historic Chick Springs property in Taylors has had major significance to the upstate for hundreds of years.
[83]
Chick Springs - SC Picture Project
The Chick Springs Historical Society was organized in 2008 to try to preserve the spring house, gazebo, and surrounding land in the form of a public park, still ...
[84]
Chick Springs Resort - Hidden History of Greenville Water
In 1842, Dr. Burwell Chick, a physician from Newberry, South Carolina, transformed this Cherokee-owned 192-acre area into a 60-room luxury hotel and resort.
[85]
Group acquires historic Chick Springs property in Taylors
May 31, 2024 · Taylors TownSquare has acquired the historic Chick Springs property in Taylors, marking a significant milestone in the preservation of one ...
[86]
Chick Island Map - Reef - Ontario, Canada
Chick Island is a small, flat, treeless island in Ontario located within Lake Erie. Although it is called an island, it is actually a reef.
[87]
Chick Island - Place names
Chick Island, Range 5 Coast Land District, British Columbia ...
[88]
Geographic Names Information System - The National Map
Feature Details ; Name. Chick Hill ; Class. Summit ; Feature Code. Summit ; Location. Franklin County - Maine ; Citation. Source Type. Map. Reference. US. Originator.
[89]
1-minute hike: Chick Hill in Clifton - Bangor Daily News
Mar 8, 2016 · The hike is a moderate 1.3 mile rough road with steep areas, rising 1,160 feet, with views of Mount Desert Island and other mountains.
[90]
Chickahominy Shipyard Archaeological Site – DHR
Jun 28, 1979 · The Chickahominy Shipyard Archaeological Site consists of both submerged and dry land components and is the state's only known essentially intact ...
[91]
Chick Springs - The Historical Marker Database
A military academy was located here 1916-17, and Steedly Clinic and Sanitarium 1919-32. An amusement park has been operated at Chick Springs since 1927. [Front] ...
[92]
Chick (1928) - IMDb
Chick: Directed by A.V. Bramble. With Bramwell Fletcher, Trilby Clark, Chili Bouchier, Rex Maurice. A Cockney inherits a title, supports the child welfare ...
[93]
Chick(1936) - Scenestamps
Chick (1936) : The hall porter at an Oxbridge College inherits an Earldom and enjoys a series of adventures.
[94]
The Hot Chick (2002) - IMDb
Rating 5.6/10 (108,083) The Hot Chick: Directed by Tom Brady. With Rob Schneider, Anna Faris, Matthew Lawrence, Eric Christian Olsen. An attractive and popular teenager, ...Full cast & crew · Plot · The Hot Chick · Parents guide
[95]
Chick Fight (2020) - IMDb
Rating 4.8/10 (4,780) When Anna Wyncomb is introduced to an underground, all-female fight club in order to turn the mess of her life around, she discovers she is much more ...
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Chick Fight | Rotten Tomatoes
Rating 38% (29) When Anna Wyncomb is introduced to an underground, all-female fight club in order to turn the mess of her life around, she discovers she is much more ...
[97]
Chick Corea | 27-time GRAMMY Winner and NEA Jazz Master. "A ...
27-time Grammy-winning jazz legend, Pianist and Composer. A luminary, ebullient and eternally youthful.
[98]
Chick Corea, Groundbreaking Jazz Pianist, Dead at 79 - Rolling Stone
Feb 11, 2021 · (His birth name was Armando Anthony Corea; his lifelong nickname came of Chick from an aunt, who used to pinch his cheeks and call him “cheeky.
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Chick Corea - NPR
January 18, 2013 • Pianist, composer and NEA Jazz Master Chick Corea is one of the most creative and inventive musicians in jazz today. On this episode of Piano ...
[100]
Chick Webb | Research Starters - EBSCO
Chick Webb, born William Henry Webb on February 10, 1905, in Baltimore, Maryland, was a prominent American jazz and swing drummer and bandleader.
[101]
Chick Habit - YouTube
Feb 23, 2023 · Provided to YouTube by April March Chick Habit · April March Chick Habit ℗ 2023 April March Released on: 1995-10-20 Main Artist: April March ...
[102]
David Guetta feat. Rihanna - Who's That Chick? Official Video
Jan 27, 2011 · ... Chick? from the album "One More Love" Music video directed by Jonas ... David Guetta | Top Songs 2023 Playlist | I'm Good, Baby Don't ...<|separator|>
[103]
What Was Chick Lit? A Brief History From the Inside - Literary Hub
Feb 3, 2017 · By the early aughts, the tag “chick lit” came to encompass such an enormous range of books—for a time, pretty much any novel written about a ...
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Full article: Aspects of Chick-Lit: A Comparison between Western ...
In the 1990s, a new literary genre appeared – the chick lit – dealing with the stories of women in their 20s and 30s in the big city, including accessible ...
[105]
Chick Lit: An Academic Approach - Carol Balawyder
May 15, 2015 · Chick lit is the latest genre of women's writing to be ridiculed and criticized. Even though we are now in the twenty-first century, it seems not much has ...
[106]
Discover the Appeal of Chick Lit in Modern Fiction - Bookish Bay
Sep 26, 2024 · Chick Lit, a term that has sparked both intrigue and controversy, refers to a genre of fiction that primarily targets young women.<|separator|>
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Chick Hafey Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Rookie Status & More
Chick Hafey. Position: Outfielder. Bats: Right • Throws: Right. 6-0, 185lb (183cm, 83kg). Born: February 12, 1903 in Berkeley, CA us.
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Chick Gandil - Society for American Baseball Research
Jan 4, 2012 · Chick Gandil was one of the most highly regarded first basemen in the American League, both for his play on the field and his solid work ethic.<|control11|><|separator|>
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Chick Gandil Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Rookie Status & More
Chick Gandil. Position: First Baseman. Bats: Right • Throws: Right. 6-1, 190lb (185cm, 86kg). Born: January 19, 1888 in St. Paul, MN us.
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1956—My Story by Arnold Gandil - chicagology
One of them never spoke at all: Chick Gandil, the first baseman who has been named as the original corrupter of his fellow players. Gandil left major league ...
[111]
Chick Fraser - Society for American Baseball Research
Chick Fraser spent his entire life in baseball as a pitcher, coach, scout, and minor-league manager, and though his playing career wasn't especially ...
[112]
Chick Fullis Stats, Age, Position, Height, Weight, Fantasy & News
Chick Fullis Bio · Fullname: Charles Philip Fullis · Born: 2/27/1901 in Girardville, PA · Debut: 4/13/1928 · Died: 3/28/1946 ...
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Chick Hearn - The Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame
Francis “Chick” Hearn turned the seemingly simple task of broadcasting a sporting event into an art form, and in the process became an icon and a celebrity.
[114]
Charles (Chick) Lang | Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame
Dec 15, 1990 · At age 16 the “kid” from Hamilton, Ontario, became the leading rider in North America in 1921, just seven and one-half months after he rode in his first race.
[115]
Chicken embryo as a model in epigenetic research - PMC - NIH
Another major advantage of chick embryos as a model organism in the epigenetic study is the fact that they develop external to the mother's organism; thus, the ...
[116]
Embryonic Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) as a Model of ...
Embryonic chickens are a model due to detailed descriptions, low cost, accessibility, ease of manipulation, and optimization of genetic engineering techniques.
[117]
https://www.bosterbio.com/blog/post/chicken-as-a-model-organism
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Foraging niche overlap during chick-rearing in the sexually ...
Nov 25, 2020 · The objectives of the present study, therefore, were to examine in chick-rearing male and female Westland petrels: (i) fine-scale spatio- ...
[119]
Multidimensional niche differentiation of chick-rearing sympatric ...
Mar 26, 2024 · Multidimensional niche differentiation of chick ... describe foraging locations and behaviour of incubating and chick-rearing adults.
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Foraging niche overlap during chick-rearing in the ... - Journals
5216658. Foraging niche overlap during chick-rearing in the sexually dimorphic Westland petrel. Timothée A. Poupart1,2,3, Susan M. Waugh2, Akiko Kato3 and ...<|separator|>
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The Chicken Embryo Model: A Novel and Relevant Model ... - Frontiers
In this review, we explain how the chicken embryo can be used as a model for immune-based studies, as it gradually develops an embryonic immune system.
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The Chicken Embryo: An Old but Promising Model for In Vivo ... - MDPI
The chicken embryo (CE) is considered an important model that over time has contributed to the development of valuable concepts in immunology, genetics, ...The Chicken Embryo: An Old... · 7. The Use Of Ces In... · 8. In Ovo And Ex Ovo...
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The Chicken Embryo: An Alternative Animal Model in Development ...
Mar 20, 2025 · The embryo of Gallus gallus, the domestic chicken, is a great model to research many different diseases and conditions. Its efficient blood ...Introduction · Chicken Embryo Model and Its... · Chicken Embryo and Its Use in...
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https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/chick
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What does CHICK stand for? - Abbreviations.com
Looking for the definition of CHICK? Find out what is the full meaning of CHICK on Abbreviations.com! 'Confident Hip In Control Knockout' is one option ...