Fact-checked by Grok 2 weeks ago

Cyprus Police

The Cyprus Police is the principal law enforcement body of the Republic of Cyprus, tasked with maintaining public order, preventing and investigating criminal activity, and ensuring security within the government-controlled areas of the island south of the UN buffer zone.^[1]
Established in 1960 coinciding with Cyprus's independence from British colonial rule, the force initially comprised two separate entities under the Zurich-London agreements—a Greek Cypriot-led urban Police Force and a Turkish Cypriot-led rural Gendarmerie—which were merged into a unified Cyprus Police in 1964 following the withdrawal of Turkish Cypriot personnel amid intercommunal clashes.^[1]
Overseen by the Ministry of Justice and Public Order, it operates under a Chief of Police supported by four Assistant Chiefs responsible for administration, operations, training, and support services, with organizational units including six district divisions, specialized departments for crime combating, traffic enforcement, immigration control, and maritime policing, as well as the integrated Fire Service.^[2]^[3]
As a member of Interpol since 1962, the Cyprus Police collaborates internationally on cross-border crime, while domestically it has faced scrutiny over isolated incidents of alleged excessive force, such as beatings of detainees reported by human rights monitors and use of crowd control measures during protests, prompting internal professional standards directorates and external oversight efforts to address accountability.^[4]^[5]^[6]

History

Colonial Origins and EOKA Insurgency (1878–1960)

Following the Anglo-Turkish Convention of June 4, 1878, which granted Britain administrative control over Cyprus while it remained Ottoman sovereign territory, the colonial authorities established a gendarmerie force known as the Cyprus Military Police to replace Ottoman policing and maintain order in the island's multi-ethnic society, comprising approximately 80% Greek Cypriots and 18% Turkish Cypriots.^[7] This paramilitary body, initially around 300 strong and modeled loosely on British constabulary traditions but retaining a military structure, focused on tax enforcement, rural patrols, and suppressing banditry rather than urban civil policing.^[8] By the early 20th century, it transitioned toward a more civilian-oriented police force under the 1879 Police Law, incorporating Greek and Turkish Cypriots in proportions reflecting demographics, though operational challenges arose from linguistic divisions and communal tensions that undermined impartial enforcement.^[1] The force's role intensified amid rising Greek Cypriot nationalism advocating enosis (union with Greece), culminating in the Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston (EOKA) insurgency launched on April 1, 1955, by General Georgios Grivas, which targeted British colonial infrastructure including police stations through bombings, ambushes, and assassinations to coerce withdrawal.^[9] Cypriot police, as frontline enforcers of British rule, became primary targets; EOKA deemed Greek Cypriot officers traitors for continuing service, executing dozens via drive-by shootings and booby traps, which eroded the force's cohesion as sympathies for enosis spread among personnel.^[10] This led to widespread intimidation, with Greek Cypriot ranks—initially dominant—proving unreliable due to defections, passive resistance, or outright collaboration, compelling British authorities to suspend recruitment from that community and expand the force rapidly to over 2,000 by 1956.^[11] To offset losses and restore functionality, the colonial government recruited Turkish Cypriots, who opposed enosis and favored partition (taksim), forming auxiliary units that by 1958 comprised a significant portion of the force despite their minority status, thus shifting composition toward ethnic imbalance.^[12] EOKA responded by attacking these auxiliaries as well, resulting in at least 62 Cypriot police fatalities overall (including 25 Turkish Cypriots), alongside hundreds wounded, though exact attribution varies due to underreporting of insurgent tactics.^[13] This favoritism toward Turkish recruits, while pragmatically addressing operational voids caused by EOKA's ethnic-targeted terror, exacerbated intercommunal distrust, as Greek Cypriots viewed the policy as divisive favoritism that prioritized loyalty over representativeness, further entrenching polarization without resolving the insurgency's core challenge of enforcing law amid widespread civilian non-cooperation.^[10] The campaign ended with EOKA's ceasefire in March 1959, following the Zurich-London agreements, but left the police force structurally strained by ethnic fractures.^[14]

Formation and Intercommunal Conflict (1960–1974)

The Cyprus Police was established on 16 August 1960 with the creation of the Republic of Cyprus, initially consisting of two distinct public security forces as outlined in the 1960 Constitution: the urban-focused Police Force and the rural Gendarmerie Force, which together formed the core of the island's security apparatus.^[1]^[15] The Constitution stipulated a total strength of 2,000 personnel for these forces, apportioned at a 70 percent Greek Cypriot to 30 percent Turkish Cypriot ratio to reflect the island's demographic and bi-communal governance structure.^[15] This setup aimed to ensure balanced representation in public security, but ethnic quotas extended across civil service roles, including policing, to maintain the power-sharing republic.^[16] The fragile bi-communal arrangement collapsed following the December 1963 constitutional crisis, triggered by proposed amendments from President Makarios III that Turkish Cypriots viewed as undermining their safeguards, leading to widespread intercommunal violence known as Bloody Christmas on 21 December 1963.^[17] Turkish Cypriots subsequently withdrew from mixed government institutions, including the police and civil service, resulting in their effective exclusion and the Greek Cypriot domination of the force by early 1964; this created policing vacuums in Turkish Cypriot enclaves, where self-defense militias filled the gap amid ongoing attacks.^[18] From 1963 to 1967, the now predominantly Greek Cypriot police engaged in patrols and operations targeting Turkish Cypriot areas, escalating clashes; notable incidents included heavy fighting at Ayios Theodoros and Kophinou on 15-16 November 1967, where police actions resulted in 24 Turkish Cypriot deaths, and an assault on Ayios Sozomenos village observed by British patrols on 6 February 1964.^[17]^[19] These events, documented across UN and diplomatic reports, highlight the police's shift from internal security to partisan enforcement favoring Greek Cypriot expansionist aims, often in coordination with irregular militias, rather than neutral law enforcement.^[20] In response to the violence, the police expanded its arsenal beyond conventional requirements, acquiring armored cars and light artillery during the 1960s to conduct sieges and assaults on enclaves, transforming it into a quasi-militarized entity amid the breakdown of constitutional order.^[21] Turkish Cypriot sources emphasize systematic police-led aggression driving enclave formation, while Greek Cypriot accounts frame responses as defensive; empirical records from neutral observers, such as UN peacekeepers, confirm disproportionate police incursions into Turkish areas, contributing to over 500 Turkish Cypriot deaths and the abandonment of 103 villages by 1967.^[19]^[22] By 1974, escalating tensions culminated in the 15 July coup d'état orchestrated by the Greek junta via the Cypriot National Guard, which overthrew President Makarios and installed Nikos Sampson; while the Guard led the operation, police units maintained control in Greek Cypriot areas and participated in pre-invasion hostilities against Turkish Cypriot positions, heightening the risk of full-scale conflict under the 1960 Treaty of Guarantee.^[23] The subsequent Turkish intervention on 20 July partitioned the island, confining the Cyprus Police to the southern Republic-controlled territory, with the loss of northern facilities, personnel, and jurisdiction over approximately 37 percent of the land, including major urban centers like Famagusta and Morphou.^[24] This reorganization marked the end of any nominal bi-communal policing, as the force aligned fully with the Greek Cypriot administration amid the displacement of around 200,000 Greek Cypriots and the solidification of separate security regimes.^[9]

Post-Invasion Reorganization and Modern Era (1974–Present)

Following the Turkish invasion in July–August 1974, the Cyprus Police underwent significant reorganization, as the force lost control over approximately one-third of the island's territory in the north, along with associated stations, equipment, and personnel. Turkish Cypriot officers, who had comprised a substantial portion of the pre-invasion force, largely relocated to the occupied areas, necessitating a rapid reconfiguration centered on the government-controlled southern regions. This shift compelled the police to prioritize internal stability, management of over 200,000 displaced Greek Cypriot refugees, and initial patrolling along the newly established Green Line ceasefire demarcation, where responsibilities included preventing incursions and smuggling amid the absence of a formal border treaty. The invasion's territorial partition causally narrowed operational jurisdiction, redirecting resources from nationwide policing to fortified defense of the south, a focus compounded by pre-existing ethnic imbalances in the force that had eroded Turkish Cypriot trust and contributed to intercommunal vulnerabilities leading to the conflict. Personnel strength, estimated at around 3,000–4,000 immediately post-invasion after losses and reallocations, temporarily swelled to about 4,440 to address heightened security demands before stabilizing.^[25] By the 1990s, administrative reforms enhanced oversight and professionalization; in 1993, authority over the Cyprus Police transferred from the Ministry of Interior to the newly renamed Ministry of Justice and Public Order, aiming to insulate operations from political interference and align with modern rule-of-law principles. This change facilitated greater emphasis on judicial coordination and accountability, though implementation faced challenges from the ongoing division. Personnel gradually expanded to meet evolving needs, reaching approximately 4,900 sworn officers by 2019, reflecting recruitment drives to cover expanded duties in a population-dense south. Cyprus's accession to the European Union on May 1, 2004, prompted alignment with EU justice and home affairs standards, including enhanced data-sharing protocols and human rights safeguards in policing, despite the suspension of acquis application in the north and non-participation in Schengen. The police integrated into frameworks like Europol for cross-border intelligence, monitoring EU directives on law enforcement cooperation without full borderless integration due to the partition. Post-9/11 global threats amplified counter-terrorism priorities, leading to bolstered specialized units and legislative updates to combat financing of extremism, though Cyprus recorded minimal domestic incidents. Since 2015, surges in irregular migration—primarily via sea from Syria and Lebanon, with asylum applications rising from 2,265 in 2015 to peaks exceeding 13,000 annually by 2022—have strained resources, prompting the police's Immigration Unit to intensify Green Line surveillance, coordinate with Frontex joint operations, and manage initial interdictions and receptions, often amid criticisms of processing delays in overcrowded facilities. These adaptations underscore the partition's enduring constraint, channeling police efforts toward southern border enforcement over broader island-wide functions.^[26]^[27]

Legal Framework and Authorities

Governance and Oversight

The Cyprus Police is administratively subordinate to the Ministry of Justice and Public Order, to which it has reported since 1993, with the ministry responsible for policy direction, modernization efforts, and coordination on public order matters.^[2]^[28] The Chief of Police is appointed directly by the President of the Republic, a process characterized as inherently political and requiring no parliamentary involvement or competitive selection, as evidenced by recent appointments in 2024 of Themistos Arnaoutis as Chief and Panikos Stavrou as Deputy Chief during a presidential ceremony.^[29]^[30] This structure aims to ensure executive alignment but has drawn recommendations for greater transparency in selections to mitigate risks of politicization, per Council of Europe evaluations.^[31] Independent external oversight is provided by the Independent Authority Against Corruption (IAACA), operational since 2021, which investigates public sector corruption complaints, including those involving police, and operates autonomously from law enforcement to handle cases without referral back to the force.^[31] Internally, the Police Internal Affairs Service (PIAS) focuses on preventing, probing, and prosecuting corruption by officers, while the Professional Standards, Audit and Inspection Directorate examines non-corruption-related misconduct, such as deviant behavior, through targeted inspections and audits.^[32]^[33] In 2023, PIAS and related units processed 342 conduct complaints, yielding one criminal probe recommendation, underscoring selective escalation amid broader accountability concerns.^[34] Budgetary controls tie police funding to the ministry's annual allocation, approved by the House of Representatives as part of the national budget, with post-2004 EU membership driving reforms for financial transparency and anti-corruption compliance under frameworks like GRECO.^[35] A September 2025 GRECO compliance report highlighted implementation of vetting processes for officers, alongside undercover audits and simulated integrity tests, as key empirical mechanisms to counter integrity risks, though full effectiveness requires ongoing verification.^[36] These measures reflect responses to elevated public perceptions of corruption in policing, with 94% of Cypriots viewing it as widespread per 2023 surveys.^[37]

Jurisdictional Powers and Limitations

The Cyprus Police derives its core jurisdictional powers from the Police Law of 2004 (N.73(I)/2004), which authorizes operations to maintain law and order, preserve public peace, prevent and detect criminal offenses, and apprehend suspects throughout the sovereign territory of the Republic of Cyprus—though effective control is limited to government-administered areas.^[38] Under this framework, officers possess statutory authority for warrantless arrests in cases of cognizable offenses, searches of arrested persons and evasion-related premises, and interventions in crowd control or public disturbances, as detailed in the Criminal Procedure Law (Cap. 155).^[39] These powers emphasize civilian law enforcement distinct from military functions, with the Police prohibited from engaging in armed defense roles reserved for the National Guard.^[40] Territorial limitations stem directly from the 1974 Turkish military intervention, which partitioned the island and placed approximately 36% of its land—including Morphou Bay and the Karpass Peninsula—under de facto Turkish Cypriot and Turkish administration, beyond Police reach.^[41] This division creates enforcement voids exploited for illicit activities, such as narcotics smuggling via the Green Line buffer zone and human trafficking routes, as cross-border policing relies on limited bilateral checkpoints rather than unilateral authority.^[42] Constitutional ethnic quotas for Police recruitment, originally mandating proportional Greek and Turkish Cypriot representation under the 1960 framework, collapsed after the 1963-1964 intercommunal clashes when Turkish Cypriots withdrew from joint institutions, yielding a de facto Greek Cypriot majority that has persisted despite formal bi-communal intent.^[43] In scenarios involving elevated threats like organized migration or terrorism, the Police coordinates with the National Guard for logistical support, such as joint maritime patrols, while retaining lead on criminal investigations to avoid blurring civilian and military remits.^[44] Extraterritorial extensions include maritime policing by the Port and Marine Police, which covers the coastline, ports, territorial waters (12 nautical miles), and contiguous zone for offenses like smuggling and illegal fishing, though exclusive economic zone (EEZ) enforcement—spanning hydrocarbon exploration blocks—is hampered by Turkish vessels contesting Cypriot claims since 2011.^[45] Warrants issued against intruding Turkish drillship crews, as in the 2018-2019 Fatih incidents, demonstrate asserted legal authority but reveal practical constraints without allied naval backing.^[46]

Organization and Structure

Central Headquarters and Key Departments

The central headquarters of the Cyprus Police is situated at Antistratigou Evangelou Floraki Street in Aglantzia, Nicosia, serving as the primary administrative and coordination center for national policing functions.^[47]^[3] It houses core departments under the oversight of Assistant Chiefs of Police, focusing on policy development, resource allocation, and specialized support services rather than frontline operations.^[3] Key departments at headquarters include the Administration and Human Resources Department, which manages personnel policies, budgeting, and logistical support across the force; the Traffic Department, responsible for developing traffic safety regulations, accident investigation protocols, and enforcement guidelines; and the Crime Combating Department, which coordinates investigations into serious offenses such as fraud, cybercrimes, and organized criminal activities through centralized analysis and intelligence sharing.^[3]^[48] The Technological Development Department advances tools for crime detection and operational efficiency, while the Information Technology Department maintains digital systems for data management and secure communications.^[3] Support functions are bolstered by the Criminalistic Service Department, which conducts forensic examinations of evidence, including ballistics, toxicology, and digital forensics, to aid investigations nationwide.^[3] The Cyprus Police Academy, affiliated with headquarters, delivers centralized training programs on legal procedures, investigative techniques, and administrative skills to ensure standardized capabilities.^[3] These Nicosia-based entities emphasize strategic oversight and technical expertise, enabling coordinated responses without direct involvement in district-level enforcement.^[3]

Regional Divisions and Local Operations

The Cyprus Police maintains a decentralized structure through seven district police divisions corresponding to the island's administrative divisions: Nicosia, Limassol, Larnaca, Paphos, Famagusta, Kyrenia, and Morphou.^[49] Since the 1974 Turkish invasion, operational focus has consolidated in the five government-controlled southern divisions—Nicosia, Limassol, Larnaca, Paphos, and the free areas of Famagusta—with the Kyrenia and Morphou divisions inactive due to occupation. Each active division operates under a divisional commander and includes multiple police stations tailored to local geography, providing routine vehicle and foot patrols, emergency response, and initial incident handling in both urban centers and rural interiors.^[49] Local operations emphasize adaptation to Cyprus's island terrain and demographic patterns, with Nicosia Division—the largest by land area and population—coordinating extensive coverage across the capital's urban sprawl and surrounding rural zones.^[50] Coastal districts like Paphos and Limassol allocate resources to high-density tourist zones, incorporating seasonal patrols to address visitor-related demands alongside standard rural station duties, such as those in inland areas like Kofinou under Larnaca Division.^[49] At the station level, community policing integrates preventive measures for minor offenses, with Community Police Officers conducting door-to-door advisories, neighborhood watch coordination, and visible patrols to foster public cooperation and early intervention.^[51] This approach supports decentralized command, enabling divisions to respond to region-specific challenges like urban congestion in Nicosia versus sparse rural policing in peripheral stations.^[49]

Specialized Directorates, Services, and Units

The Cyprus Police operates specialized directorates, services, and units focused on targeted threats such as drug trafficking, cyber offenses, irregular migration, and high-risk interventions, enhancing operational effectiveness through dedicated expertise and inter-agency collaboration. These entities contribute to empirical outcomes, including drug seizures and international arrests, by leveraging specialized training and intelligence-sharing protocols. The Drug Law Enforcement Unit (YKAN), part of the Crime Combating Department, targets the suppression of illegal drug production, trade, and supply, enforcing narcotics laws through proactive investigations and coordinated operations. Between 2021 and 2024, YKAN facilitated rehabilitation programs for 420 young individuals identified in drug-related cases, demonstrating a dual focus on enforcement and prevention.^[52]^[53] The Emergency Response Unit (ERU, also known as MMAD) provides rapid intervention for counter-terrorism, VIP protection, and crowd control, including repression of disturbances at sports events and witness safeguarding. It supports other police units in high-threat scenarios, maintaining readiness for immediate deployment across the island.^[54] The Office for Combating Cybercrime, established in September 2007 under Police Order No. 3/45 and aligned with the Convention on Cybercrime (Law 22(III)/2004), investigates digital offenses like hacking, online fraud, and child exploitation material, supported by the Digital Evidence Forensic Laboratory operational since 2009. It monitors cyber threats nationwide and conducts awareness training.^[55] The Aliens and Immigration Unit, headquartered in Nicosia with divisional branches, enforces immigration laws at entry points, combats irregular migration and illegal employment, manages detention facilities like Mennoyeia, and processes residence permits and repatriations, contributing to border integrity amid rising unauthorized entries.^[56] The Cyprus Police Aviation Unit (CPAU), established on June 10, 2008, conducts aerial surveillance of territorial waters, patrols exclusive economic zones, and supports search-and-rescue missions, bolstering maritime domain awareness.^[57] The Port and Marine Police secures coastal and port areas, preventing smuggling and enforcing maritime regulations, with stations at key locations like Latchi and Paphos to monitor vessel traffic and interdict illicit activities. Canine units, utilizing approximately 40 trained dogs as of 2020, assist in detecting narcotics, explosives, and fugitives, with handlers undergoing specialized positive reinforcement training to enhance operational reliability.^[58] These units integrate with international partners, notably through a 2003 operational agreement with Europol enabling joint actions against cross-border organized crime, including narcotics and human smuggling networks.^[59]^[60]

Ranks, Recruitment, and Personnel Composition

The Cyprus Police maintains a hierarchical rank structure modeled on the British system, featuring approximately 20 grades that ensure a clear chain of command from entry-level to senior leadership. Ranks progress from Constable and Senior Constable at the base, through non-commissioned grades such as Sergeant, Senior Sergeant, Inspector, and Chief Inspector, to commissioned officer levels including Superintendent B, Superintendent A, Chief Superintendent, Assistant Chief Constable, Deputy Chief Constable, and culminating in Chief Constable. Promotions are determined by a combination of competitive examinations, years of service, performance assessments, and seniority, as outlined in internal regulations to maintain merit-based advancement.^[40]^[61]^[62] Recruitment into the Cyprus Police is conducted through annual competitive processes managed by the force's human resources division, targeting primarily police constables and specialized roles. Candidates must meet stringent prerequisites, including Cypriot citizenship, minimum age and educational requirements, physical fitness standards verified through testing, and clearance of background checks excluding criminal records. Applications are submitted electronically via government portals, followed by written exams, interviews, and medical evaluations; successful applicants undergo initial training at the Cyprus Police Academy in Athalassa, which provides a multi-year program blending theoretical instruction in law, ethics, and procedures with practical field exercises. The academy, established as the primary training institution since the 1990s, emphasizes non-discriminatory selection criteria based on objective merits, though entry remains competitive with limited annual intakes to align with budgetary and operational needs.^[63]^[64]^[65] The personnel composition of the Cyprus Police totals over 5,000 sworn officers, predominantly Greek Cypriot, mirroring the ethnic majority in the Republic of Cyprus's government-controlled areas where the force operates. Ethnic minorities, such as Maronites, Armenians, or other small communities, represent a minimal proportion, with recruitment policies post-2004 EU accession incorporating anti-discrimination training and outreach to promote broader representation, though no mandatory quotas or substantial shifts in demographics have been implemented or quantified in official data. Gender distribution skews male-dominated, consistent with traditional law enforcement patterns in the region, while recent internal guidelines stress equality in hiring and advancement without specified targets. In 2025, the force faced human resource challenges with the expiration of fixed-term contracts for nearly 300 special constables (often deployed in maritime or auxiliary roles), resulting in their dismissal by July despite parliamentary debates and partial plans for reabsorption via future recruitments, highlighting tensions between fiscal constraints and staffing stability.^[40]^[66]^[67]^[68]

Operations and Effectiveness

Crime Trends and Statistical Performance

Cyprus exhibits relatively low overall crime rates compared to global standards, ranking 13th among the safest countries in the world in 2023 per Global Finance Magazine's assessment based on homicide rates, terrorist attacks, and other violent indicators.^[69] Despite this, serious crimes have trended upward, with 6,014 cases recorded in 2024—a 6.5% increase from 5,649 in 2023 and the highest annual figure in at least three years—totaling 17,065 serious offenses from 2022 to 2024.^[70]^[71] The crime index per 100,000 inhabitants rose 18.2% in 2022 alone, reflecting consecutive per capita increases through 2024.^[72]^[73] Property-related offenses, particularly theft, constitute the majority of reported incidents, while violent crimes such as homicide and assault remain infrequent, contributing to the nation's safer profile.^[74] Human trafficking cases persist as a challenge, with foreign victims identified from multiple countries in 2023, underscoring ongoing vulnerabilities linked to migration and tourism inflows that correlate with opportunistic crimes like theft targeting visitors.^[75] District-level data highlights concentrations in urban areas, with Limassol reporting 1,474 serious crimes in 2024, followed closely by Nicosia at 1,443.^[71] Police clearance rates demonstrate moderate effectiveness in resolving cases, averaging 85-90% for select property and personal crimes from 2021 to 2023, though overall detection for serious offenses hovers lower amid rising volumes, indicating resource strains without fully mitigating escalations.^[76] These trends align with external pressures including seasonal tourism surges and demographic shifts from migration, which have amplified incidents like property theft and isolated attacks on migrant workers, rather than inherent policing shortfalls alone.^[70] Official statistics from the Cyprus Police underscore the need for sustained investigative focus to curb the upward trajectory in reported serious crimes.^[74]

Countering Organized Crime, Terrorism, and Trafficking

The Cyprus Police's Mobile Immediate Action Unit (MMAD) conducts targeted operations against organized crime, including drug trafficking networks, often in coordination with specialized units like the Unit for Combating Narcotics (YKAN).^[77] In 2025, YKAN-led efforts resulted in record drug seizures, with 613 kilograms of cannabis and 39.5 kilograms of cocaine confiscated from January to August, marking a doubling of quantities compared to the previous year.^[78] These operations have dismantled segments of imported criminal networks, such as a multi-agency task force with FBI assistance that seized over €700,000 in money laundering proceeds linked to organized crime.^[79] Human trafficking investigations fall under the Crime Combating Department, which collaborates with the European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA) for training and victim identification during asylum processes.^[80] In 2024, authorities identified 11 trafficking victims, down from 31 in 2023, with most cases involving labor exploitation and a smaller portion sex trafficking; real-time operations have uncovered additional potential victims, such as four during EU-supported exercises in April 2024.^[81]^[82] Despite these efforts, challenges persist due to vulnerabilities in migrant worker protections, as noted in a 2025 Council of Europe GRETA evaluation, which identified gaps in detection amid decreasing formal victim counts (110 from 2020 to August 2024).^[83] In counterterrorism, Cyprus Police have foiled Iranian-linked plots targeting Israeli interests through international cooperation, including with Mossad; notable successes include thwarting an IRGC-directed attack in 2023 and arresting an alleged IRGC member in June 2025 for planning assaults on military bases.^[84]^[85] A British national was also detained in June 2025 on suspicion of terror-related offenses and espionage.^[86] Border security remains vigilant amid tensions with Turkey, focusing on preventing infiltration across the Green Line dividing the island, though criminal networks exploit the northern unoccupied areas for evasion, complicating full dismantlement of operations like drug and arms smuggling.^[87] From January 2024 to May 2025, financial disruptions froze or confiscated €1.2 million in assets tied to foreign groups, alongside real estate seizures, targeting evasion routes.^[88]

Community Engagement and Public Safety Initiatives

The Cyprus Police initiated its Community Policing Program in October 2003, deploying dedicated officers to conduct foot and vehicle patrols, deliver door-to-door safety advice on crime prevention, and engage in community events such as children's fairs, blood donation drives, nursing home visits, and local meetings.^[51] By recent assessments, 81 Community Police Officers cover 178 communities serving around 720,000 residents, with these activities aimed at building public cooperation and deterring opportunistic crimes through visible presence and direct interaction.^[51] Complementary programs include the Neighborhood Watch scheme, piloted in 2011 and expanded to 341 communities with roughly 118,000 volunteer participants, which correlates with localized reductions in burglary and vandalism by encouraging resident vigilance and police partnerships.^[51] Bicycle patrols, introduced in 2017 across coastal areas like Larnaca and Limassol, further support accessibility in pedestrian-heavy zones for tourist safety and minor incident prevention.^[51] Road safety efforts feature targeted awareness campaigns by the Traffic Department, including youth-focused programs in December 2024 to curb violations and juvenile-related incidents, alongside intensified summer patrols from June to September 2025 emphasizing vulnerable road users.^[89]^[90] These initiatives align with broader preventive strategies that preceded a 36% drop in fatalities to 33 in 2023, though numbers rose in 2024, underscoring enforcement's role in modulating trends amid rising vehicle volumes.^[91]^[92] Victim support measures, bolstered post-2010s via EU-aligned directives, involve police officers offering immediate on-scene assistance, referrals to social welfare for counseling and financial aid, and specialized handling for domestic violence cases, including awareness drives to encourage reporting without immediate arrest mandates.^[93]^[94] Public trust metrics from surveys reveal police approval around 30% with 36% distrust in a CYMAR poll, positioning the force as the most trusted institution in a 2025 Cypronetwork assessment despite overall institutional skepticism; ethnic minorities report lower confidence, linked to victimization experiences and cultural barriers.^[95]^[96]^[97]

Equipment and Capabilities

Ground Vehicles and Markings

The Cyprus Police operate a fleet of ground vehicles tailored for patrol, rapid response, and specialized operations, managed through a dedicated fleet allocation office that distributes new acquisitions across departments and units.^[98] Routine maintenance and repairs, including preventive servicing, clutch replacements, and timing adjustments, are conducted by the Vehicle Engineering Unit within the Technological Development Department.^[99] Recent enhancements include the addition of 46 hatchback patrol cars and two mobile command stations in February 2024, aimed at strengthening operational capacity.^[100]^[101] In January 2025, ten Toyota Land Cruisers were delivered as the final installment of a 31-vehicle contract, emphasizing the force's ongoing reliance on durable four-wheel-drive vehicles for rugged terrain and pursuit duties; this brings the cumulative supply of such models to over 120 since initial adoptions.^[102]^[103] For high-risk scenarios, the fleet incorporated its first EU-funded B6-rated armored vehicle in October 2025, capable of withstanding fire from high-caliber rifles such as Kalashnikovs and G3s, at a cost of €755,000; this addition supports motorized rapid response teams in counter-terrorism raids and rescues, with initial maintenance outsourced to the manufacturer Urovesa for five years.^[104] Standard patrol and operational vehicles feature a white base color with blue reflective stripes for enhanced visibility during day and night operations, though specific high-visibility variants are employed for traffic enforcement.^[105]

Aviation and Maritime Assets

The Cyprus Police Aviation Unit operates a fleet of five aircraft dedicated to aerial surveillance, border patrol, and support roles. This includes one Britten-Norman BN-2T Turbine Islander fixed-wing aircraft (registration CP-1, delivered 1990), configured for maritime patrols and crime detection over coastal areas.^[106] The rotary-wing components consist of two Bell 412 helicopters—the SP model 'APOLLON' (CP-2, delivered 1990) and the EP model 'AKRITAS' (CP-4, delivered 1997)—equipped for coastal monitoring, search and rescue, and aerial firefighting with provisions for loud hailers and cargo hooks.^[106] Complementing these are two AgustaWestland AW139 helicopters—'ACHILLEAS' (CP-6) and 'IASON' (CP-8), both delivered in 2010—optimized for search and rescue, illegal immigration interdiction, and rapid response along territorial boundaries.^[106] Established on 10 June 2008, the unit bases its operations at Larnaca International Airport to cover Cyprus's exclusive economic zone and adjacent airspace.^[107] The Port and Marine Police maintain a fleet of 16 patrol vessels tailored for graduated offshore enforcement, including five Category A fast patrol boats (F.P.B. JET type) capable of operations in the contiguous zone up to 24 nautical miles and open seas, five Category B patrol boats (SAB-12 type) for the 12-nautical-mile territorial waters, and six Category C rigid inflatable boats (R.I.B./SP7 type) for inshore surveillance.^[108] In February 2025, ten additional high-speed rigid inflatable patrol boats, co-financed by the European Union and Cyprus at €5.64 million, were integrated into service, featuring long-range detection radars and communication suites for enhanced monitoring of smuggling routes and migrant flows.^[109] These assets primarily enforce maritime law within Cyprus's territorial and contiguous zones, focusing on anti-smuggling patrols against narcotics, contraband, and unauthorized entries.^[108]

Armaments, Technology, and Infrastructure

The Cyprus Police's Emergency Response Unit is equipped with special weapons, anti-riot gear for non-lethal crowd control, and protective armoring to address high-risk operations.^[110] Officers in operational roles utilize standard protective equipment, including armored vests, alongside handguns and rifles suited to law enforcement duties, though specific models for routine patrol are not publicly detailed in official inventories.^[111] Technological capabilities include the Digital Evidence Forensic Laboratory (DEFL), operational within the Crime Combating Department and staffed by specialists for the collection, preservation, and analysis of digital evidence from electronic devices such as computers and mobiles.^[55] The Criminalistic Service Department operates dedicated labs for forensic examinations, including fingerprint matching from crime scenes against suspect records and ballistic analysis to support investigations.^[112]^[113] Cyber tools are managed through the Office for Combating Cybercrime, established in September 2007, which incorporates a Digital Forensic Laboratory for investigating digital threats and electronic crimes.^[114] Surveillance infrastructure features expanding CCTV networks, bolstered by a €6.49 million allocation in October 2025 for advanced camera systems and radar integration to enhance monitoring of traffic and public spaces.^[115] Physical infrastructure encompasses forensic laboratories, telecommunications branches under the Technological Development Department equipped for signal interception and technical support, and a network of specialized facilities modernized via EU co-financing.^[116] Projects under the Internal Security Fund and Homeland Security Fund have funded upgrades, including anti-terrorism gear and border surveillance enhancements like the Schengen Information System (SIS) implementation with advanced workstations.^[117]^[77]^[118] These investments support centralized operations from headquarters in Nicosia and distributed labs, ensuring forensic and cyber capacities align with EU standards for evidence handling and threat detection.

Controversies and Criticisms

Corruption Scandals and Internal Accountability

In early 2025, the Cyprus Police faced a surge in corruption allegations, with at least four officers arrested within two months for offenses including bribery and abuse of power. On January 8, a special constable was detained by the Internal Affairs Service for allegedly extorting payments from delivery drivers in exchange for leniency, facing charges of corruption, misuse of power, and bribery. ^[119] Days later, on January 13, the same officer was rearrested in connection with a second corruption case, alongside another policeman implicated in similar misconduct. ^[120] By January 21, a Paphos-based officer was arrested for extorting money from migrants, prompting ongoing investigations into fraud and bribery. ^[121] These incidents marked the fourth such probe in quick succession, highlighting patterns of officers leveraging authority for personal gain. ^[122] The Internal Affairs Service (PIAS), established to investigate and prosecute police corruption, has handled these cases but struggles with efficacy, as evidenced by historically low conviction rates. Since 2018, PIAS investigations led to 15 court cases against officers, yet only two resulted in convictions, suggesting systemic barriers such as insufficient evidence gathering or prosecutorial hurdles that undermine deterrence. ^[123] ^[32] Oversight remains internal and questioned for independence, with 270 complaints filed against police in 2025 alone, but only 70 advancing to active investigation, compared to 358 complaints in 2024 yielding limited outcomes. ^[34] This pattern indicates potential institutional tolerance or capacity issues, where self-policing fails to root out graft rooted in opportunities for extortion in vulnerable sectors like migration and traffic enforcement. Such scandals have eroded public trust in the force and facilitated links to organized crime, as compromised officers enable activities like people trafficking—exemplified by prior arrests of three officers in a smuggling ring, the first such internal prosecution. ^[124] Multiplying reports in 2025, amid over 500 broader corruption complaints to independent bodies, underscore entrenched issues where low accountability perpetuates vulnerability to external criminal influence. ^[125] Causal factors include discretionary powers in enforcement without robust external checks, fostering a culture where minor extortions escalate unchecked.

Allegations of Excessive Force and Human Rights Abuses

In February 2021, Cyprus Police deployed tear gas and water cannons to disperse an anti-corruption and anti-lockdown protest in Nicosia, resulting in injuries to several participants and arrests. Amnesty International described the response as excessive and unlawful force against largely peaceful demonstrators, including incidents where a water cannon targeted individuals gesturing in protest, and urged independent investigations to address impunity for ill-treatment. Reports indicated clashes erupted after protesters breached barriers near government buildings, prompting police intervention to restore order amid heightened tensions from COVID-19 restrictions and corruption scandals.^[126]^[6]^[127] The European Committee for the Prevention of Torture (CPT) documented ongoing concerns in its 2023 visit to Cyprus police facilities, noting allegations of physical ill-treatment during initial detention phases, including slaps and verbal abuse, though overall reports of law enforcement mistreatment had decreased compared to prior visits. Police stations were found routinely holding migrants under aliens legislation for extended periods in substandard conditions, exacerbating vulnerabilities to abuse, with the CPT recommending safeguards like mandatory medical exams and CCTV to curb impunity. In 2023, Cypriot authorities received 342 complaints regarding police conduct, yet only one led to a criminal investigation recommendation, highlighting systemic accountability gaps.^[128]^[34]^[129] Cyprus Police practices of intercepting and returning migrant boats from Lebanon without asylum screenings have drawn human rights scrutiny, with the European Court of Human Rights ruling in 2024 that such pushbacks violated the European Convention on Human Rights by denying individual assessments and risking refoulement. Human Rights Watch reported instances of force during these operations, including physical handling of Syrian refugees, amid Cyprus's migration pressures from regional instability, though authorities maintain operations target illegal entries while complying with EU law.^[130]^[131] Historically, during the 1960s intercommunal violence between Greek and Turkish Cypriots, police forces—predominantly Greek Cypriot—were accused by Turkish Cypriot sources of partisan actions that escalated ethnic clashes, contributing to over 350 deaths between 1964 and 1974. These events, amid breakdowns in the 1960 power-sharing constitution, involved police in maintaining order but often aligned with Greek Cypriot militias, fostering long-term distrust. Modern reforms include enhanced use-of-force training and internal reviews, yet critics from Amnesty and the CPT argue persistent low prosecution rates perpetuate a culture of unaccountability.^[17]^[5]^[128]

Political Interference and Ethnic Tensions

The Cyprus Police has experienced significant political influence in leadership appointments and internal promotions, often prioritizing partisan loyalty over merit, as evidenced by longstanding patterns of favoritism linked to ruling parties.^[132]^[133] This interference stems from the executive's authority over senior positions, enabling governments to embed aligned personnel, which has undermined operational independence and public trust in investigations involving political figures.^[134] Following Cyprus's 1960 independence, the police force initially reflected the constitutional ethnic quotas, with approximately 70% Greek Cypriots and 30% Turkish Cypriots in public service roles, including policing.^[135] The 1963 constitutional crisis, triggered by proposed amendments that Turkish Cypriots viewed as eroding their safeguards, led to their mass withdrawal from state institutions, resulting in a near-total Greek Cypriot dominance in the police by 1964.^[17] This shift, driven by the majority's consolidation of control amid escalating intercommunal distrust, causally fueled perceptions of the police as an extension of Greek Cypriot interests, prompting Turkish Cypriot enclaves to establish self-defense militias and eroding any shared law enforcement framework.^[24] Ethnic imbalances exacerbated breakdowns in policing efficacy during the 1960s, as Greek Cypriot-led forces were deployed in operations against Turkish Cypriot areas, such as the February 1964 assault on Ayios Sozomenos village, where armed police units attacked without effective restraint from higher authorities.^[24] Similarly, clashes near Kophinou in November 1967 involved Greek Cypriot police engaging Turkish Cypriot groups, resulting in 24 Turkish Cypriot deaths and further entrenching segregation, as the absence of balanced representation rendered neutral enforcement impossible and incentivized retaliatory violence over de-escalation.^[17] Analyses from security-oriented perspectives frame these dynamics as pragmatic necessities for majority self-preservation amid existential threats, whereas critiques, often from international human rights monitors, decry the resultant ethnic bias in force application as a failure of impartiality.^[136] The 1974 coup, orchestrated by the Greek junta-influenced National Guard rather than the police directly, nonetheless highlighted politicized fault lines, with Cyprus Police units variably complying or remaining passive amid the overthrow of President Makarios III on July 15, deepening the north-south schism.^[23] Post-invasion, the enduring division confined the Cyprus Police to the Republic of Cyprus's southern territories, excluding Turkish Cypriot-administered areas in the north, where a separate security apparatus operates under the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.^[137] This bifurcation sustains ethnic tensions in cross-line policing, including disputes over buffer zone incidents and migrant flows, where Greek Cypriot police actions are scrutinized for disproportionate responses toward Turkish Cypriots or third-country nationals, perpetuating mutual accusations of overreach without unified oversight.^[97]

Reforms and Future Directions

Anti-Corruption and Integrity Measures

In response to recommendations from the Group of States against Corruption (GRECO) in its 2023 evaluation report on preventing corruption in law enforcement agencies, the Cyprus Police amended Standing Chief of Police Order no. 1/86, published on 19 September 2024, to establish vetting procedures encompassing reviews of personal files, criminal and disciplinary records, police databases, dependency relationships, and social activities.^[138] These processes are applied ad hoc as needed, with vetting criteria subject to biennial review, though the absence of routine re-vetting throughout careers and limited financial disclosure requirements for senior officers contribute to partial implementation of GRECO's related recommendation (xviii).^[138] ^[139] Integrity promotion efforts include the introduction of undercover audits, targeted inspections, and simulated incidents as components of a broader risk management framework, implemented following the 2023 GRECO evaluation to detect and deter corrupt practices.^[36] ^[138] The Police Service Anti-Corruption and Integrity Department (PSAID) offers confidential counseling on ethical dilemmas, supplemented by legislative enhancements to whistleblower protections under amendments to Law no. 6(I)/2022 effective 23 February 2024, enabling internal and external reporting channels within the force.^[138] Training initiatives emphasize ethics and anti-corruption, with modules on corruption risks, ethical leadership, and integrity integrated into the Cyprus Police Academy's 2024-2025 curriculum for all ranks, including 51 targeted sessions delivered since June 2023 to approximately 1,300 personnel, among them 60 top executive functions holders.^[138] Complementing these, collaborations with the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) have provided specialized instruction on money laundering detection, financial investigations, and sanctions evasion prosecution, conducted in 2024 and continuing into 2025 to address corruption-linked financial crimes.^[140] ^[141] GRECO's September 2025 compliance report rated Cyprus 85% overall compliant with its 22 recommendations across central government and law enforcement, deeming police-specific measures on corruption prevention policy (recommendation xiv) and whistleblower safeguards (xxi) fully implemented, while vetting, training/counseling (xv), and financial declarations (xix) remain partly addressed.^[142] ^[138] Quantitative outcomes, such as reductions in internal corruption investigations, lack comprehensive post-reform data as of October 2025, with GRECO requiring further advancements within 18 months to achieve full compliance.^[143]

Modernization, Training, and Strategic Planning

In 2024, the Cyprus Police bolstered its fleet with 46 hatchback patrol vehicles and two specially configured mobile command stations to improve response times and coordination during operations.^[100]^[101] In January 2025, ten Toyota Land Cruisers were delivered as part of a 31-vehicle procurement contract, enhancing off-road and tactical mobility.^[102]^[103] By June 2025, an armored vehicle was introduced specifically for counter-terrorism raids, hostage rescues, and high-risk interventions, addressing gaps in specialized tactical equipment.^[144] The Cyprus Police Academy serves as the primary institution for officer training, incorporating EU-aligned curricula through partnerships with the European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Training (CEPOL) and Frontex for border control and counter-terrorism skills.^[145] Recent enhancements include specialized sessions on financial crime investigation in collaboration with the FBI, conducted in November 2024 to strengthen capabilities against money laundering.^[140] Training for technological integrations, such as patrol tablets equipped with real-time database access and Interpol connectivity, began in July 2025 at the Academy, with initial cohorts of officers serving as instructors for wider rollout.^[146]^[147] The 2026–2028 strategic plan, finalized in summer 2025 and disseminated to personnel on June 27, outlines six priority areas: counter-terrorism and radicalization prevention, comprehensive border management amid the island's partition, road safety enforcement, technological modernization, staffing optimization through contract-to-permanent officer transitions, and enhanced inter-agency coordination.^[148]^[146] This framework builds on a March 2025 reorganization initiative aimed at streamlining commands and upgrading service delivery across districts.^[149] Implementation emphasizes data-driven policing, with investments in analytics and mobility tools projected to reduce response delays by integrating patrol units directly with national and EU intelligence networks.^[150]

References

[1]
Cyprus Police | Historical Background
Cyprus Police was set up with the establishment of the Republic of Cyprus in 1960. Two Public Security Forces were established within the framework of the ...
[2]
Public Order Sector - Ministry of Justice and Public Order - Gov.cy
The goal of the Ministry of Justice and Public Order is to modernize and restructure Cyprus Police and Fire Service in order to become more effective.
[3]
Cyprus Police | Composition
Police work is divided into four principal areas, each administered by an Assistant Chief of Police. These four are: - Administration - Operations - Training - ...
[4]
Cyprus Police | Crime Combating Department
The General Secretariat of Interpol is located in Lyon, France. Cyprus became a member of INTERPOL in 1962. The National Central Bureau of Nicosia handles all ...<|separator|>
[5]
[PDF] Cyprus: Police brutality must not go unpunished
Cyprus: Police brutality must not go unpunished. Amnesty International calls on the Cypriot authorities to end impunity for police ill-treatment and to ensure.Missing: achievements | Show results with:achievements
[6]
Cyprus police use tear gas at rally against graft, COVID curbs
Feb 13, 2021 · Police in Cyprus have fired tear gas and used water cannon in rare skirmishes with protesters rallying against corruption and restrictions ...Missing: achievements | Show results with:achievements
[7]
L'occupation britannique de Chypre et la Cyprus Police (1878-1914)
Aug 6, 2025 · The Anglo-Turkish Convention of 4 June 1878 was drafted after the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 and granted control of Cyprus to Great ...
[8]
CYPRUS
Prior to 1878 Cyprus was policed by the Turks. The island was subsequently ceded to the British who formed the Cyprus Military Police (in fact a gendarmerie). ...
[9]
What Caused The Division Of The Island Of Cyprus? | IWM
EOKA launched its campaign on 1 April 1955 with a series of bombing attacks against government offices in the island's capital Nicosia. No one was killed in ...Missing: insurgency | Show results with:insurgency<|separator|>
[10]
Friend or foe? The Cyprus Police Force and the EOKA insurgency
Aug 7, 2025 · A multiethnic force policing a multiethnic society, the CPF struggled to fulfill its duties. Greek Cypriot officers became ineffective as ...
[11]
Policing and communal conflict: the Cyprus Emergency, 1954–60 in
The combination of the EOKA campaign directed against Greek Cypriots in the police and the need to expand rapidly the police services to cope with the Emergency ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[12]
https://www.academia.edu/3263693/Friend_or_Foe_The_Cyprus_Police_Force_and_the_EOKA_insurgency
[13]
Cyprus Police will be remembered - At the going down of the sun
Oct 14, 2014 · The total number of police officers killed during this period was 62 who will be commemorated on this memorial. Turkish Cypriot – 25. Greek ...
[14]
[PDF] On All Fronts: EOKA and the Cyprus Insurgency, 1955-1959
policemen killed by EOKA were Greek-Cypriots as were 43 of the total 185 wounded. – approximately a quarter of the police force's casualties.380. EOKA ...
[15]
1960 Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus
The security forces of the Republic shall consist of the police and gendarmerie and shall have a contingent of 2,000 men. The forces shall be composed as to 70 ...Missing: formation | Show results with:formation
[16]
1960 Constitution - Cyprus - Country Studies
The constitution required that the two groups be represented in the civil service at a ratio of 70 to 30 percent. In addition, the republic was to have an army ...Missing: formation | Show results with:formation
[17]
34. Cyprus (1960-present) - University of Central Arkansas
The government of Turkey declared that the proposal was unacceptable on December 6, 1963. Crisis Phase (December 21, 1963- January 20, 1964): Turkish Cypriots ...
[18]
Special Research Report No. 3: Cyprus: New Hope after 45 Years ...
Sep 4, 2008 · The deadlock sparked a wave of inter-communal violence and withdrawal by Turkish Cypriots from government and state positions. The Greek ...
[19]
Cyprus / Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs
On 6th February 1964 a British patrol found armed Greek Cypriot police attacking the Turkish Cypriots of Ayios Sozomenos. They were unable to stop the attack.
[20]
The 1967 crisis | UNFICYP - UN missions
In November 1967, the Cyprus police sought to resume the practice of patrolling Ayios Theodhoros, passing through the Turkish Cypriot quarter, and informed ...
[21]
History of Cyprus. Timelines, ancient and modern ... - CountryReports
The police force was armed beyond the requirements of ordinary police work; its arsenal included armored cars and light artillery acquired in the 1960s, when ...
[22]
A Civil War by Any Other Name? Building a Qualitative Model to ...
Jan 24, 2025 · The Greek and Turkish armed forces were already in Cyprus as part of the Treaty of Guarantee and had played instrumental roles in the violence ...
[23]
The 1974 Turkish Intervention in Cyprus - ADST.org
... 1974 when a Greek-backed coup d'état on July 15 prompted a Turkish intervention five days later. In the spring of 1974, President of Cyprus Archbishop ...Missing: Police | Show results with:Police
[24]
Cyprus (Historical Overview)
Today, the Cyprus question can perhaps be summarized as follows: The partnership Republic formed in 1960 between the two peoples of Cyprus broke down in 1963.<|separator|>
[25]
[PDF] Area Handbook Series: Cyprus: A Country Study - DTIC
Police: Cyprus Police Force personnel amounted to 3,700 in 1989. xix ... increase to 4,440 for a period after the 1974 fighting, its size gradu- ally ...
[26]
https://www.police.gov.cy/police/police.nsf/All/EB8460CE3E69220CC22586D1003BA423
[27]
[PDF] CYPRUS AS A NEW REFUGEE “HOTSPOT” IN EUROPE?
Feb 20, 2020 · This report examines the refugee and migration situation in Cyprus. During the height of the 2015 “refugee crisis”, the country did not witness ...
[28]
2022 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Cyprus
Police enforced the law. Police report to the Ministry of Justice and Public Order. The president appoints the chief of police. Civilian authorities ...Missing: governance | Show results with:governance
[29]
“The appointment of the chief of police is done by the president of ...
Oct 2, 2023 · The appointment of the chief of police is done by the president of the Republic, and is a political appointment.”
[30]
New Chief and Deputy Chief of police sworn in amid calls for action
Sep 30, 2024 · The confirmation ceremony for the new Chief of Police, Themistos Arnaoutis, and Deputy Chief of Police, Panikos Stavrou, took place today at the Presidential ...
[31]
Significant progress in measures to prevent corruption in the central ...
Sep 16, 2025 · Cyprus has made significant progress in enhancing its legal framework to prevent corruption and promote integrity in the central government ...
[32]
Police Internal Affair Service | PIAS
The main task of the Internal Affairs Service of the Police is to tackle the phenomenon of police corruption by preventing, investigating and prosecuting ...
[33]
Professional Standards, Audit and Inspection Directorate
(1) The investigation of information that concerns deviant and / or delinquent behavior by members of the Police, which does not relate to corruption or concern ...Missing: misconduct | Show results with:misconduct
[34]
Who Watches the Watchmen? Police Oversight in Cyprus Questioned
Oct 13, 2025 · Unlike the Anti-Corruption Authority, the IAIACP conducts its own investigations and does not refer cases back to the police. Investigators ...
[35]
[PDF] CYPRUS ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT 2025
Apr 24, 2025 · The Report provides information about the progress in the implementation of the net expenditure path as set by the Council in January 20251 and ...
[36]
[PDF] CYPRUS
Sep 16, 2025 · Moreover, on 8 May 2025, the Independent Anti-Corruption Authority amended its Action Plan for 2025-2026 to include action aimed at ...
[37]
[PDF] CYPRUS - https: //rm. coe. int
Oct 2, 2023 · As for law enforcement, the report focuses on the police being the largest law enforcement body in Cyprus and performing the main law ...
[38]
Cyprus Police | Police Authorities
Cyprus Police exercises its authority throughout the territory of the Republic of Cyprus pursuant to the following laws and Regulations.Missing: powers jurisdiction
[39]
[PDF] criminal procedure
9 Arrest. 10. Search of arrested person. 11. Search of place in pursuit of person evading arrest. 13. 14. Arrest by police officer without warrant in certain ...
[40]
Police Ethics
The aim of Cyprus Police is to maintain law and order, preserve the peace, prevent and detect crime and arrest law-breakers within the territory of the ...Missing: jurisdiction | Show results with:jurisdiction
[41]
Cyprus - the Area Administered by Turkish Cypriots
The northern part of Cyprus has been administered by Turkish Cypriots since 1974 and proclaimed itself the “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus” (“TRNC”) in ...
[42]
(PDF) Police Cooperation in Cases of Unrecognised Secessions
PDF | Since 1974 the Republic of Cyprus only exercises effective control in the south, while the unrecognised 'Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus'.
[43]
[PDF] REPUBLIC The Laws on the Rights of Suspects, Arrested Persons ...
Interpretation. 2. For the purposes of this Law: 1. Page 5. 73(1) of 2004. "Cyprus Police" has the meaning assigned to it by the Police Law, ... Cap.155 ...
[44]
Joint operation by police, national guard to deter migration - In-Cyprus
Apr 17, 2024 · The operation began around 03:00 on Tuesday morning with the general support vessel of the National Guard “ALASIA” and the patrol boat “THESEUS” ...
[45]
Cyprus Police | Police Border Marine
The Port and Marine Police is responsible for policing the coast line of the Republic of Cyprus, its ports, its territorial waters and contiguous zone.
[46]
Cyprus Confirms Arrest Warrant for Turkish Drillship Crew
Jun 14, 2019 · The government of Cyprus has confirmed that it has issued arrest warrants for crewmembers of the Fatih, a Turkish drillship that is ...Missing: policing | Show results with:policing
[47]
Cyprus Police | Personal Data Protection
... Police, Antistratigou Evangelou Floraki Street, Police Headquarters, 1478 Nicosia, - via e-mail, to the email address: police@police.gov.cy, - by fax, to ...
[48]
Cyprus Police | Crime Combating Department
The Crime Combating Department is one of the five departments that make up Cyprus Police Headquarters. Its mission is the prevention and detection of crimes.Missing: key | Show results with:key
[49]
Cyprus Police | Departments, Units, Directorates, District Departments
It is divided into Departments, Stations and Offices. Larnaca Divisional Police Headquarters is housed in a building built during British colonial rule, ...
[50]
Cyprus Police | Nicosia
Initially, Lefkosia District Police Headquarters were located in buildings where the Paphos Gate Police Station is currently situated, but in 1975 they were ...
[51]
Cyprus Police | Crime Combating Department
The Community Police Officer program began in October 2003 with 27 Police Officers and due to its effectiveness, the number of personnel increased to 81 Police ...
[52]
Cyprus Police | Drug Law Enforcement Unit
The Anti-Drug Service is the Police service that aims at: Reducing the supply of illegal addictive substances, by combatting local production, trade, ...
[53]
Drug enforcement cops send 420 youths to rehab - Knews
Apr 17, 2024 · Between 2021 and 2024, YKAN, Cyprus' drug enforcement agency, facilitated rehabilitation treatment programs for 420 young individuals, ...
[54]
Cyprus Police | Emergency Responce Unit
Public figures (VIP) protection; Repression of disturbances and policing of sports events (Anti-Riot Teams); Witness protection program; Support of other ...
[55]
Cyprus Police | Crime Combating Department
The Cyprus Police's Crime Combating Department, specifically the O.C.C., investigates cybercrimes like hacking and child pornography, and monitors related ...Missing: key | Show results with:key
[56]
Cyprus Police | Departments, Units, Directorates, District Departments
In this respect, a lot of attention is given to the effective cooperation with the Ministry of Justice and Public Order, as well as with the Ministry of the ...Missing: governance oversight
[57]
Cyprus Police Aviation Unit
The mission of the CPAU is as follows: 1. Surveillance of the coast and of the territorial limits of the Republic of Cyprus, as well as the patrol of the ...
[58]
POLICE DOGS IN CYPRUS - TALA COMMUNITY NEWS
Sep 20, 2020 · Currently in service of the Police Force throughout Cyprus, there are about 40 dogs, a number that is constantly increasing and can reach up to ...
[59]
Cyprus Police | Crime Combating Department
Issue and transmit requests to EUROPOL on behalf of the Republic of Cyprus national law enforcement agencies, for advice, information and analysis. Organization ...Missing: alignment | Show results with:alignment
[60]
15 arrested for arranging sham marriages in Cyprus - Europol
Jan 31, 2024 · Europol's Operational Task Force Limassol leads to arrest of four High Value Targets for orchestrating 133 sham marriages to facilitate illegal immigration ...
[61]
Cyprus Police - CyprusNet
The rank structure and strength at the end of 2003, was as on the table below. It should be noted that 676 of the persons employed by the Cyprus Police are ...
[62]
Cyprus Police | PDF - Scribd
It is responsible for policing the entire island through seven district commands and specialized units. Ranks range from Constable to Chief of Police, and ...<|separator|>
[63]
Employment - Cyprus Police - Αστυνομία Κύπρου
Employment · Pre-requisites for Special Personel · Physical Capacity Testing and the Minimum Succes Threshold · Pre-requisites for recruitment in the Cyprus Police ...Missing: process | Show results with:process
[64]
[DOC] 2018-RECRUITMENT IN ENGLISH.doc
(m) Have passed the psychometric examination conducted by the Committee appointed by the Chief of Police for this purpose and consists of a Senior Police ...
[65]
Cyprus Police Academy - Αστυνομία Κύπρου
Fire service recruits are placed at the Cyprus Police Academy for a three-year training (at least 120 weeks) combining theory and practice.Missing: process | Show results with:process
[66]
Jenny Fleming - Evaluation of the Cyprus Police Academy - LinkedIn
Feb 20, 2024 · Cyprus Police has over 5000 officers and has approximately 400 students at the academy at any one time. Over three days, (with Committee members ...<|separator|>
[67]
Police officers on fixed-term contracts set to be dismissed amid ...
Apr 23, 2025 · Nearly 300 Special Contract Police Officers are set to lose their jobs when their contracts expire in July, sparking discontent and potential protests.
[68]
297 contract police officers left out of the force, MPs disappointed
Jun 11, 2025 · The state has not managed to find a way for 297 contract special police officers to remain on the force, the House legal committee heard on Wednesday.Missing: dismissals | Show results with:dismissals
[69]
Top 100 Safest Countries In The World - Global Finance Magazine
Jan 1, 2024 · Safest Countries in the World 2023 ; 13, Cyprus, 7.2315 ; 14, Switzerland, 7.3316 ; 15, Austria, 7.3454 ; 16, Estonia, 7.4615.
[70]
Racist attacks on delivery drivers lead to year-on-year crime rate ...
Feb 22, 2025 · Cyprus recorded a 6.5% increase in serious crimes in 2024, with 6014 cases reported compared to 5649 in 2023, according to annual police ...
[71]
Serious crime increases, reaching highest levels in three years
May 17, 2025 · Limassol holds the unfortunate lead in crime statistics, with 1,474 serious crimes recorded in 2024, slightly ahead of Nicosia with 1,443 cases.
[72]
Crime rates in Cyprus rose in 2022
Feb 23, 2024 · The number of actual criminal cases reported to the Police witnessed an 18.2% increase in 2022, pushing the crime rate per 100,000 ...
[73]
Crime per capita rises two years running | Cyprus Mail
Feb 23, 2024 · Crime per capita in Cyprus has risen for the second consecutive year, according to the police's annual statistics report.
[74]
Cyprus Police
Download file type Excel, Serious Crime Cases per Offence Category and Year from 2022 to 2024 ... Recorded Cases related to Serious Financial Crime per Offence ...
[75]
2024 Trafficking in Persons Report: Cyprus - State Department
Foreign victims identified in Cyprus in 2023 were from Bangladesh, Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire, Greece, India, Nepal, Nigeria, the Philippines, and Russia.
[76]
Is it safe in Cyprus? Personal and property safety - INDEX.cy
The clearance rate for these crimes remains consistently high: 91.8% in 2021, 85.7% in 2022, and 90.6% in 2023. This suggests that law enforcement agencies are ...
[77]
Cyprus Police | Project Under the Homeland Security Fund for Anti ...
Jan 21, 2025 · The main goal of the project is to strengthen the operational capabilities of the members of MMAD and its units in order to effectively prevent and combat ...
[78]
Cyprus records record drug seizures in 2025, YKAN Chief says
Sep 19, 2025 · From 1 January to 31 August 2025, authorities seized 613 kg of cannabis and 39.5 kg of cocaine, representing increases of 279 kg and 33.5 kg, ...
[79]
https://in-cyprus.philenews.com/local/fbi-cyprus-cooperation-organised-crime-task-force/
[80]
EU - ‍♂️ 16 officers from the Aliens and Immigration Unit (AIU) of ...
Jul 1, 2025 · The EUAA is committed to identifying potential victims of human trafficking in the asylum and reception process, ensuring that these victims ...<|separator|>
[81]
2025 Trafficking in Persons Report: Cyprus - State Department
The government identified 11 victims, compared with 31 victims in 2023. Of the 11 victims, traffickers exploited three victims in sex trafficking, seven in ...
[82]
Potential victims of human trafficking identified by Cyprus Police
Apr 22, 2024 · Four possible victims of human trafficking have been identified by the Cyprus Police during real time training operations, in the context of ...
[83]
GRETA publishes its fourth report on Cyprus - The Council of Europe
Apr 28, 2025 · GRETA evaluates the measures taken to prevent vulnerabilities to trafficking in human beings, detect and support vulnerable victims, and punish the offenders.
[84]
Cypriot security agencies and Mossad thwart Iranian plot to carry out ...
Dec 10, 2023 · Since Hamas's murderous terrorist assault on October 7th, the Iranian regime has expanded its efforts to advance terrorism around the world.<|separator|>
[85]
Alleged member of Iran's IRGC arrested in Cyprus over plot to attack ...
Jun 21, 2025 · An alleged member of Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps was arrested in Cyprus on suspicion of planning a terror attack, Cypriot media reported Saturday.
[86]
Cyprus arrests British man on suspicion of terror-related plot, police ...
Jun 21, 2025 · Police in Cyprus have arrested a British man on suspicion of terror-related offences and espionage, authorities said on Saturday, ...
[87]
https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/justice-minister-foreign-crime-gangs-taking-root-in-cyprus
[88]
https://in-cyprus.philenews.com/local/foreign-criminal-organisation-cyprus-organised-crime-mapping/
[89]
Police road safety campaign focuses on youth - Cyprus Mail
Dec 13, 2024 · It aimed at raising awareness among younger people about traffic violations and accidents and to fight incidents of juvenile delinquency.
[90]
Police to increase street patrols through summer in road safety push
Jun 1, 2025 · Police will step up patrols from June 1 through Sept. 30 as part of a campaign to improve road safety, with a focus on protecting vulnerable road users.
[91]
Cyprus road deaths surge after record low in previous year
Nov 18, 2024 · Last year, road fatalities in Cyprus fell to an unprecedented low of 33, marking a 36 per cent decrease. This reduction, combined with an 18 per ...<|separator|>
[92]
Cyprus Police | Traffic Department
The design and implementation of prevention and road safety awareness programmes, addressing various target groups.
[93]
[PDF] Country study - Victim Support Services in the EU - Cyprus
service? X. The Police do not refer victims to support services in general except in cases of domestic violence (if the victim requests), trafficking and in.Missing: foot | Show results with:foot
[94]
[PDF] CRIME VICTIMS
This booklet is issued on the basis of Articles 6 and 8 of the Law that provides for the establishment of minimum standards concerning the rights, support ...Missing: programs | Show results with:programs
[95]
Trust and satisfaction with Institutions in Cyprus - CYMAR
The Police is the only institution examined for which the incidence of expressing trust (30%) approaches the incidence of expressing distrust (36%). the picture ...
[96]
Cypriots losing faith in politics, but not in police - Knews - Kathimerini
Apr 23, 2025 · Cypriots losing faith in politics, but not in police. New survey shows political parties score lowest in public trust, while police top the list ...
[97]
A Comparison of Attitudes to the Police Between Greek Cypriots and ...
Aug 6, 2025 · PDF | The attitudes of 66 ethnic minorities and 152 Cypriots toward the police were examined according to age, experience of criminal ...
[98]
Cyprus Police | Technological Development Department
This Office is responsible for the management of the police vehicle fleet, which includes the allocation of new vehicles to all Police Departments, Units and ...Missing: maintenance | Show results with:maintenance
[99]
Cyprus Police | Technological Development Department
The Vehicle Engineering Unit is responsible for the maintenance and repair of police vehicles. Repair works include preventive maintenance, clutch and timing ...
[100]
Cyprus Police | New Mobile Command Stations and patrol vehicles
Feb 22, 2024 · The Cyprus Police fleet is being strengthened with two new mobile command stations and 46 new patrol vehicles.
[101]
Upgraded cars and mobile bases for Cyprus police - Knews
Feb 22, 2024 · The fleet of the Police Force is being bolstered in the immediate future. This includes 46 hatchback patrol cars and two vehicles specially configured to ...
[102]
Cyprus police continues to rely on Land Cruisers - Financial Mirror
Jan 28, 2025 · The Cyprus police has taken delivery of ten legendary four-wheel drive Land Cruisers, the final part of a 31-vehicle contract awarded to the local Toyota ...Missing: ground | Show results with:ground
[103]
Toyota Cyprus boosts Police fleet with delivery of new Land Cruisers
Jan 29, 2025 · Toyota Cyprus has delivered brand new Toyota Land Cruisers to the Cyprus Police, significantly enhancing the Force's fleet.Missing: ground | Show results with:ground
[104]
Cyprus receives first EU-funded armoured vehicle for counter-terrorism
Oct 19, 2025 · Its armoured body is rated B6, meaning it can withstand bullets from Kalashnikov rifles, G3 rifles, and other high-calibre firearms.Missing: armored | Show results with:armored
[105]
Cyprus Police Photos
Cyprus Police Opel Traffic Car with experimental livery. (Not adopted) ... Sovereign Bases Police Cyprus Toyota Land Cruiser. SBA Police Cyprus.
[106]
Cyprus Police Aviation Unit – C.P.A.U
The Cyprus Police Aviation Unit (CPAU) was initially given the name of Cyprus Police Air Wing (CPAW) which was established in May 1990.
[107]
Cyprus Police Aviation Unit - Αστυνομία Κύπρου
The Cyprus Police Aviation Unit (CPAU) was established on the 10th June 2008, having previously operated as the 'Cyprus Police Air Wing' (from 1990 to 9.6.2008 ...
[108]
Cyprus Police | Departments, Units, Directorates, District Departments
The Port and Marine Police is responsible for policing the coast line of the Republic of Cyprus, its ports, its territorial waters and contiguous zone.Missing: overview | Show results with:overview
[109]
Cyprus bolsters maritime security with new police vessels
Feb 13, 2025 · Cyprus has reinforced its maritime security by adding ten new patrol vessels to the marine and port police, a move hailed by President Nikos Christodoulides.Missing: assets | Show results with:assets
[110]
Cyprus Police | Emergency Responce Unit
In order to fulfill its tasks E.R.U is equipped with modern equipment, which fully meets its needs in: Armoring / Technical equipment; Special Weapons ...Missing: website | Show results with:website
[111]
[PDF] Cyprus - SALW Guide
50 caliber machine gun has been used extensively as a vehicle weapon and for aircraft armament. The. M2 fires from a closed bolt, operated on the short recoil ...
[112]
Cyprus Police | Criminalistic Service Department
This laboratory deals mainly with comparing/matching fingerprints taken from crime scenes or found in evidence, with fingerprints of suspects, etc.
[113]
Cyprus Police | Criminalistic Service Department
Criminalistic Services is the main Service of Cyprus Police, which provides scientific support of forensic nature, contributing decisively to solving criminal ...
[114]
[PDF] CYPRUS POLICE - Office for Combating Cybercrime
Feb 6, 2018 · The Office for Combating Cyber Crime was established in September 2007. The Digital Forensic Laboratory (D.F.L.) is under the same ...Missing: CCTV | Show results with:CCTV
[115]
€6.5 million to be spent on new police camera and radar systems
Oct 8, 2025 · The justice ministry has allocated new funds worth €6.49 million for police camera systems and the introduction of the PhotoRadar List, ...
[116]
Cyprus Police | Technological Development Department
In order to fulfill its mission, the Telecommunications Branch is equipped with the appropriate technical equipment and is staffed with specialized and ...Missing: website | Show results with:website
[117]
Announcements | European Funds Directorate
The project is implemented within the framework of the Internal Security Fund, funded by the European Union, with a total budget of €1,988,295.61. Project ...
[118]
[PDF] Surveillance technologies at European borders
Oct 8, 2024 · In Cyprus, the National Coordination. Center (NCC) is part of the Cyprus Port and Marine Police and operates 24/7 to establish a situational ...
[119]
Police officer arrested for corruption | in-cyprus.com
Jan 8, 2025 · The Internal Affairs Service of the Cyprus Police arrested the special constable on January 8, 2025 for offences including corruption, abuse of ...Missing: 2020-2025 | Show results with:2020-2025
[120]
Policeman in custody rearrested for second corruption case
Jan 13, 2025 · On January 8, the special police officer was arrested for corruption, misuse of power and bribery. A second policeman had been arrested for ...Missing: 2020-2025 | Show results with:2020-2025
[121]
Police officer arrested on multiple charges of corruption - Knews
Jan 22, 2025 · The said member of the Police was arrested by court order on 21/01/2025 at 18:15, in connection with the above offenses under investigation.
[122]
Fourth police officer investigated for corruption in two months
Feb 20, 2025 · On January 8, the Internal Affairs Unit arrested a special constable for allegedly extracting money from delivery drivers in exchange for not ...
[123]
Police corruption: 15 cases in court with 2 convictions since 2018
Jul 12, 2023 · The Service has investigated complaints, leading to 15 cases of police corruption brought before the Court, resulting in two convictions.
[124]
CYPRUS: Police caught in corruption scandal - PS News
Cypriot Police Chief, Zaharias Chrysostomou said the arrest of three of his officers charged with people trafficking was the first time the force had had to ...
[125]
Another Cyprus Official Suspected of Corruption
Oct 8, 2025 · Politis has learned that the Authority has received over 500 complaints alleging corruption. Each case is first assessed by the Transparency ...
[126]
Cyprus: Serious allegations of police abuse must be investigated ...
Feb 24, 2021 · Police using excessive and otherwise unlawful force against peaceful protesters during an anti-corruption demonstration in Nicosia, Cyprus on 13 February 2021.
[127]
Clashes erupt at rally against corruption, COVID-19 curbs in Cyprus
Feb 13, 2021 · Police used water cannon and tear gas in an attempt to break up the gathering of several hundred people just beyond the medieval walls in ...
[128]
Council of Europe anti-torture Committee (CPT) publishes report on ...
May 16, 2024 · The CPT found that police stations across Cyprus were holding administratively detained persons held pursuant to the aliens legislation ...
[129]
2023 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Cyprus
The Republic of Cyprus government took steps to identify and punish officials who may have committed human rights abuses, although there were limited cases of ...
[130]
“I Can't Go Home, Stay Here, or Leave”: Pushbacks and Pullbacks of ...
Sep 4, 2024 · Cyprus is bound by the European Convention on Human Rights which prohibits collective expulsions – the removal of a group of “aliens” from a ...
[131]
Evidently unlawful, yet difficult to evidence: M.A. and Z.R. v. Cyprus ...
Oct 22, 2024 · The ECtHR has decided on a pushback case against Cyprus, addressing the island state's practice to intercept and return migrants arriving from Lebanon without ...
[132]
A Force under pressure: Can the Police reform before it's too late?
Jan 13, 2025 · The Police Force's problems have been around for a long time and often stem from political favoritism or appointments made to serve party ...Missing: interference | Show results with:interference
[133]
Our View: Police force hampered by political interference
May 9, 2019 · “For any problems and distortions shown and continue to be shown by the police force, the political party system of the country is not without ...Missing: appointments | Show results with:appointments
[134]
Criminality in Cyprus - The Organized Crime Index
Cyprus is a significant hub in the trafficking networks that lead to Europe, with a thriving market for human trafficking. Sexual exploitation is rampant.Missing: clearance | Show results with:clearance
[135]
Cyprus Gains Independence | Research Starters - EBSCO
"Cyprus Gains Independence" refers to the transition of Cyprus from British colonial rule to independence, officially declared on August 16, 1960.Missing: gendarmerie | Show results with:gendarmerie<|control11|><|separator|>
[136]
Attempted Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in Cyprus
... Cypriot police attacking the Turkish Cypriots of Ayios Sozomenos. They were unable to stop the attack. On Feb. 13, 1964, the Greeks and Greek Cypriots attacked ...Missing: assault | Show results with:assault
[137]
In ethnically split Cyprus, buffer zone tensions persist after decades ...
Mar 4, 2024 · Tensions persist along the 180-kilometer buffer zone separating breakaway Turkish Cypriots from Greek Cypriots in the internationally recognized south.
[138]
[PDF] CYPRUS - https: //rm. coe. int
Sep 16, 2025 · 1. The Fifth GRECO evaluation round concerns “Preventing corruption and promoting integrity in central governments (top executive functions) and ...Missing: Europe | Show results with:Europe
[139]
GRECO issues new report - Group of States against Corruption
Sep 16, 2025 · Cyprus has made significant progress in enhancing its legal framework to prevent corruption and promote integrity in the central government ...Missing: controversies | Show results with:controversies
[140]
Cyprus police enhance financial crime fighting with FBI training
Nov 11, 2024 · Specialized training on money laundering and economic crimes bolstered through US collaboration, as police budget sees a significant boost.Missing: ethics inspired
[141]
Cyprus to adopt FBI recommendations on tackling sanctions evasion
Mar 27, 2025 · The FBI team helped to train Cypriot police to identify and prosecute cases of illegal financing and attempts to evade US, EU and UN sanctions ...Missing: ethics inspired
[142]
https://policypress.cy/greco-finds-cyprus-85-compliant-with-anti-corruption-reforms/
[143]
Greco presses Cyprus to step up anti-corruption reforms
Sep 16, 2025 · The Council of Europe's Group of States against Corruption (Greco) demanded that Cyprus make more progress in the next 18 months for the ...
[144]
Cyprus Police unveil new armored vehicle for anti-terror raids and ...
Jun 10, 2025 · The Cyprus Police Force is upgrading its tactical response capabilities with the addition of a new armored vehicle to its fleet.
[145]
Cyprus Police Academy
Cyprus Police Academy · European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Training (CEPOL) · Training on Border Control FRONTEX · Training and MobilityMissing: enhancements | Show results with:enhancements
[146]
Cyprus police launch tablet system for real-time crime fighting and ...
Aug 25, 2025 · The digital tablets will provide officers with immediate access to international platforms, allowing them to identify internationally wanted ...Missing: directorates Combating
[147]
Cyprus police get tablets as country pushes for Schengen entry
Aug 26, 2025 · Police training on the equipment and installed software commenced in July at the Police Academy. Trained officers served as instructors ...
[148]
Cyprus police unveil three-year strategic plan targeting terrorism ...
Jul 8, 2025 · Police have finalised a comprehensive three-year strategic plan covering 2026-2028 that prioritises counter-terrorism measures and border management.
[149]
Broad meeting on the issue of police reorganization
Mar 14, 2025 · Arnaoutis stated that the reorganization will modernize and improve the full range of services of the Cyprus Police, which require significant ...
[150]
Cyprus Police | Strategic Planing
1st Strategic Goal : Improvement of road safety level and implementation of the road policing · 2nd Strategic Goal :Combating Terrorism and radicalization · 3RD ...Missing: initiatives | Show results with:initiatives