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Hartmann

Karl Robert Eduard von Hartmann (23 February 1842 – 5 June 1906) was a German philosopher and independent scholar best known for his Philosophy of the Unconscious (1869), which argued that unconscious processes drive natural, psychological, and cosmic development, synthesizing voluntarist and idealistic traditions.^[1]^[2] Born in Berlin to a Prussian artillery officer, he trained for a military career, entering the Guards' artillery in 1860, but a knee injury in 1861 ended his service, prompting his turn to self-directed philosophical inquiry without formal university affiliation.^[1]^[3] His system integrated Arthur Schopenhauer's concept of blind will, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's dialectical progression, and a metaphysical unconscious as the substrate of reality, positing it as logically prior to consciousness and evolving through stages from natural instinct to rational self-awareness.^[4]^[5] This framework yielded a pessimistic outlook, viewing universal progress as culminating in heightened suffering that humanity should consciously terminate through ethical resignation and eventual voluntary extinction, rather than futile optimism.^[6] Hartmann produced over 20 volumes on ethics, aesthetics, religion, and metaphysics, exerting influence on early depth psychology and continental thought despite criticisms of his speculative absolutism.^[1]

Military Figures

Erich Hartmann

Erich Hartmann was born on April 19, 1922, in Weissach, Württemberg, Germany, to a family with aviation interests; his mother was a licensed pilot who introduced him to gliding as a youth.^[7]^[8] He joined the Luftwaffe in 1940, completing fighter pilot training in 1942 before deployment to the Eastern Front with Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52) in October 1942.^[9] Hartmann flew the Messerschmitt Bf 109 exclusively, accumulating 352 confirmed aerial victories—all against Soviet aircraft except for seven U.S. planes—over 1,404 combat missions, primarily in defensive operations against numerically superior Soviet forces from 1942 to 1945.^[10]^[11]^[12] Hartmann's success stemmed from rigorous tactical discipline, including the "see-decide-attack-break" method: visually identifying targets at altitude, closing to point-blank range (often under 20 meters) for accurate fire, and immediately disengaging to preserve energy and avoid prolonged dogfights.^[13]^[14] Luftwaffe confirmation standards demanded visual proof of destruction, such as observing the enemy pilot's parachute or wreckage on the ground, which Hartmann adhered to strictly, rejecting probable kills without witnesses or direct observation.^[7] He emphasized engaging only combatant aircraft, avoiding unauthorized ground attacks on non-military targets, and never lost a wingman in over 140 missions as a leader. By war's end in May 1945, his tally included 345 Soviet kills, earning him the Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords, and Diamonds on multiple occasions for demonstrated prowess in high-risk, low-altitude intercepts.^[11]^[12] Captured by American forces in May 1945, Hartmann was handed over to the Soviets, who fabricated war crimes charges—alleging unauthorized strafing of ground columns—resulting in a 25-year sentence; he served 10.5 years in gulags before release in 1955, later exonerated upon evidence that the accusations lacked substantiation and contradicted his operational logs.^[9]^[15] In 1956, he joined the newly formed West German Air Force (Bundesluftwaffe), commanding Jagdgeschwader 71 ("Richthofen") and transitioning to jet aircraft like the Lockheed F-104 Starfighter, rising to Oberst (colonel) before retiring in 1970 due to policy disputes over aircraft safety.^[9]^[16] Hartmann died on September 20, 1993, in Weil im Schönbuch, Germany, remembered for empirical combat effectiveness under verifiable standards rather than inflated claims common in aviation histories.^[9]^[10]

Philosophers and Thinkers

Eduard von Hartmann

Eduard von Hartmann, born Karl Robert Eduard von Hartmann on February 23, 1842, in Berlin, was a German philosopher whose metaphysical system emphasized the primacy of unconscious processes in explaining reality. Educated initially for a military career, he turned to philosophy after an injury ended his service, producing over 20 works that blended speculative deduction with observations from physiology and psychology. His magnum opus, Philosophie des Unbewußten (Philosophy of the Unconscious), first published in 1869, rapidly gained attention for positing the unconscious as the foundational causal agent behind both natural phenomena and human cognition, arguing that conscious thought emerges secondarily from deeper, non-rational drives.^[4]^[17] Hartmann synthesized Arthur Schopenhauer's doctrine of the blind, striving will with Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's dialectical progression, contending that an irrational unconscious will propels cosmic evolution toward increasing complexity despite inherent suffering. In this framework, the will operates teleologically yet unconsciously, manifesting in organic development and historical processes without reliance on empirical positivism alone; instead, Hartmann prioritized deductive reasoning from the unity of will and idea to account for apparent purposiveness in nature. He described three evolutionary stages: the dominance of unconscious will in inorganic and vital processes, its integration with unconscious ideas in higher cognition, and eventual conscious negation leading to redemption through ascetic denial of volition.^[18]^[4]^[19] This pessimism, rooted in the will's insatiable nature causing universal misery, contrasted with optimistic idealism by viewing progress as dialectical suffering culminating in self-annihilation of the world-will via knowledge, yet Hartmann's emphasis on unconscious causality influenced subsequent explorations of subconscious mechanisms in metaphysics and psychology. He critiqued mechanistic materialism for ignoring teleological evidence in instincts and embryology, insisting that first-principles analysis of volitional unity better explains empirical data than reductionist models. Hartmann died on June 5, 1906, in Gross Lichterfelde near Berlin, leaving a legacy of rigorous, non-empiricist deduction in probing reality's hidden drivers.^[20]^[21]

Nicolai Hartmann

Nicolai Hartmann (1882–1950) was a German philosopher specializing in ontology and epistemology, recognized for advancing a stratified model of reality that emphasized irreducible layers of being over monistic or reductionist alternatives.^[22] Born on February 20, 1882, in Riga (then part of the Russian Empire, now Latvia), he studied at universities including Marburg and Strasbourg, later holding professorships in Latvia, Germany, and Scotland before settling in Göttingen.^[22] He died on October 9, 1950, in Göttingen.^[22] Hartmann's work sought to ground philosophy in objective structures discernible through logical analysis and empirical data, rejecting subjective constructions of reality. Central to Hartmann's ontology is the concept of stratified reality, positing four ontologically distinct layers: the inorganic (governed by physical laws), the biological (featuring organic processes like metabolism and reproduction), the psychological (encompassing mental phenomena such as perception and emotion), and the spiritual or historical (involving cultural and value-laden formations).^[22] Each stratum emerges from the one below it but possesses autonomous categories and laws not fully explainable by lower-level mechanisms, ensuring causal determination flows upward while preserving specificity.^[22] This framework, detailed in Neue Wege der Ontologie (1942), critiques monistic systems for conflating these levels, arguing that such reductions ignore observable emergences verifiable through scientific observation.^[22]^[23] Hartmann's critical realism underpins this ontology, affirming the independence of being from cognition while acknowledging epistemic limits through a method of "aporetic phenomenology"—systematically identifying contradictions in prior theories to reveal objective structures.^[22] He rejected subjective idealism for dissolving reality into mental constructs and naive realism for overlooking knowledge's indirect access to essences, instead validating realism via layered verifiability: lower strata through physics and chemistry, higher ones through biology, psychology, and historical evidence.^[22] Against materialism, Hartmann argued that reducing psychic or spiritual phenomena to inorganic processes fails to account for non-derivable properties like intentionality, as evidenced by gaps in mechanistic explanations of consciousness.^[22] Similarly, he dismissed vitalism's teleological impositions on biology, contending that purpose-like adaptations arise from efficient causes within strata rather than extraneous ends, aligning with Darwinian mechanisms observable in evolutionary data.^[22] This hierarchical causal realism prioritizes empirical hierarchies over speculative unities, deriving principles from analyzed concretes rather than abstract deductions.^[22]

Scientists and Inventors

Georg Hartmann

Georg Hartmann (1489–1564) was a German Renaissance instrument maker, mathematician, engraver, and Lutheran priest whose work emphasized practical scientific tools for astronomy and measurement. Born on 9 February 1489 in Eggolsheim, near Bamberg in Bavaria, he enrolled at the University of Cologne in 1506 and later traveled to Italy, where he formed connections including with Andreas Copernicus, brother of the astronomer Nicolaus. By 1518, Hartmann had established himself in Nuremberg, a center for precision craftsmanship, where he produced brass astrolabes, globes, quadrants, and sundials until his death on 9 April 1564.^[24]^[25]^[26] Hartmann's instruments advanced applied astronomy and geodesy by prioritizing empirical accuracy in mechanical design, such as astrolabes for celestial positioning and quadrants for angular measurements essential to surveying. He innovated refractive sundials, the first of their kind in the sixteenth century, which employed lenses to project shadows for time determination, demonstrating a focus on causal optical mechanisms over traditional gnomonic methods. His Practika, manuscripts from 1518 to 1528, detailed construction techniques using compass and rule, enabling replication of these devices and underscoring hands-on verification through repeatable engineering processes.^[27]^[28] As an engraver, Hartmann disseminated technical knowledge via printed plates of cut-out instruments, including functional paper astrolabes and sundials, which allowed broader access to precise tools without costly metalwork. This approach highlighted empirical craftsmanship, as users could test and refine designs directly, contrasting speculative theoretical pursuits prevalent in contemporary humanism. Surviving examples, such as his octagonal sundial engravings from 1526, illustrate this integration of printmaking with scientific utility, fostering mechanical realism in measurement practices.^[29]^[30]

Arts, Literature, and Criticism

Sadakichi Hartmann

Sadakichi Hartmann (November 8, 1867 – November 22, 1944) was a poet, dramatist, and art critic who bridged Eastern and Western artistic traditions through empirical analysis of visual perception.^[31] Born in Nagasaki Harbor to a German merchant father and Japanese mother, Hartmann was raised primarily in Germany after his mother's death shortly after his birth, before emigrating to the United States around age 13, where he immersed himself in New York City's bohemian and artistic communities.^[31] His writings emphasized direct sensory engagement with art, prioritizing observable qualities like light, color, and composition over subjective romantic narratives, which positioned him as an early advocate for perceptual realism in criticism.^[32] In his seminal 1901 work, A History of American Art, published in two volumes by L. C. Page & Company, Hartmann provided the first comprehensive survey of U.S. artistic evolution from colonial portraiture to contemporary developments, arguing for the integration of photographic techniques to capture objective reality while praising Japanese ukiyo-e prints for their economical depiction of form and atmosphere.^[33] This text promoted photographic realism as a modern extension of painting's goals, countering overly idealized European traditions by advocating compositions grounded in verifiable optical effects, such as tonal gradations and spatial suggestion derived from natural observation.^[34] Hartmann's approach drew causal links between artistic innovation and empirical fidelity, influencing photographers like Alfred Stieglitz by framing pictures as records of transient light phenomena rather than mere mechanical reproductions.^[32] Hartmann's advocacy extended to impressionistic tendencies, as seen in his essays on James McNeill Whistler, where he dissected the master's use of subdued lighting and asymmetrical forms to evoke sensory immediacy without narrative excess, prefiguring modernist shifts toward abstraction.^[35] By introducing Japanese aesthetic principles—such as asymmetry (fukinsei) and negative space (ma)—to American discourse, he challenged Eurocentric dominance, asserting that these elements enabled more precise renderings of perceptual reality, as evidenced in his contemporaneous promotion of woodblock prints' influence on Western painters' handling of light and flat color planes.^[36] His critiques, serialized in outlets like Camera Work, fostered cross-cultural synthesis, contributing to early 20th-century movements by underscoring how Eastern restraint amplified Western impressionism's focus on atmospheric effects over anecdotal content.^[34]

Viktor Hartmann

Viktor Alexandrovich Hartmann (May 5, 1834 – August 4, 1873) was a Russian architect and painter known for his contributions to the Russian Revival style, characterized by the integration of historical Russian motifs with functional design principles.^[37] Orphaned early in life, he trained at the Imperial Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg, where he developed skills in both painting and architecture, often applying empirical observation to blend Byzantine ornamental elements with vernacular folk influences in his structural proposals.^[38] His works emphasized practicality, as seen in temporary exhibition pavilions constructed from wood, which allowed for rapid assembly and adaptation to site-specific needs while evoking national heritage.^[39] Hartmann's architectural output included designs for Orthodox churches and public structures that prioritized structural integrity alongside aesthetic revivalism; for instance, his projects incorporated robust granite bases and domed forms reminiscent of ancient Slavic helmets, ensuring durability in Russia's variable climate.^[40] A notable example is his 1869 entry in a competition for the Great Gate of Kiev, a monumental archway project rendered in the massive old-Russian style, featuring a cupola-shaped dome and bogatyr-inspired iconography, which highlighted his ability to scale functional gateways with symbolic depth.^[41] He also contributed to the 1872 Polytechnic Exhibition with innovative temporary venues, such as a people's theater, demonstrating his expertise in lightweight, modular constructions that supported cultural events without permanent foundations.^[39] His association with the Abramtsevo Colony from 1870 onward influenced a circle of artists focused on authentic Russian forms, where Hartmann's sketches served as empirical records of regional architecture and costumes, preserving visual data for future reference.^[37] A close friendship with composer Modest Mussorgsky led to Hartmann's diverse drawings—including architectural studies and scenic designs—being posthumously cataloged and exhibited at over 400 pieces in the Imperial Academy of Arts in early 1874, providing a tangible archive of his eclectic vision that emphasized observable motifs over abstract idealization.^[38] These surviving works, verified through exhibition records, underscore his innovative approach to functional architecture, adapting historical precedents to modern utility.^[42] Hartmann's career ended abruptly at age 39 due to a cerebral aneurysm, limiting built projects but leaving a legacy in detailed drawings that document his synthesis of empirical design with cultural revivalism.^[40] Unlike speculative visions, his cataloged outputs—ranging from church elevations to pavilion blueprints—confirm a commitment to verifiable engineering, influencing subsequent Russian architects in prioritizing adaptive, site-responsive forms.^[39]

Moritz Hartmann

Moritz Hartmann was born on 15 October 1821 in Trhové Dušníky (then Duschnik), Bohemia, to a prosperous Jewish family.^[43] He received his early education at gymnasiums in Jung-Bunzlau and Prague before studying philosophy in Prague and Vienna.^[43] His early literary output included patriotic poetry collections such as Kelch und Schwert (1845), which blended lyricism with calls for political reform amid growing tensions in the Habsburg Empire. Hartmann's writings increasingly incorporated empirical observations of social and national conflicts, reflecting a realist approach to the causal dynamics of absolutist rule and emerging liberal aspirations.^[44] During the Revolutions of 1848, Hartmann actively participated as a radical advocate for German unification and constitutional governance. Elected as a delegate from Bohemia to the Frankfurt Parliament, he aligned with left-wing factions pushing for democratic reforms and opposed Czech separatist movements that he viewed as fragmenting German cultural unity.^[43] In Vienna, he joined revolutionary efforts alongside figures like Robert Blum, contributing to the short-lived uprising against Habsburg authority.^[43] His political satires from this period, notably Reimchronik des Pfaffen Mauritius (1849), mocked the inefficiencies and reactionary tendencies of the Frankfurt assembly in a style echoing Heinrich Heine, drawing on direct eyewitness accounts of parliamentary debates and street-level unrest to critique absolutist restoration efforts.^[45] Fleeing persecution after the revolutions' suppression, Hartmann lived in exile in Paris and London, where he continued journalistic work supporting liberal causes.^[46] Granted amnesty in 1856, Hartmann returned to Austria and resumed literary and editorial roles, including contributions to the Ostdeutsche Post in Prague and Tagespost in Vienna.^[43] In 1860, he was appointed Austrian consul in Bucharest, Romania, serving until 1867 and later in diplomatic capacities in the Ottoman Empire, where he pragmatically advanced Habsburg interests while maintaining literary output grounded in observed geopolitical realities.^[43] This phase exemplified his shift from revolutionary fervor to state service, as his dispatches and writings analyzed the causal interplay of national unification struggles—such as Prussian-led German efforts—with Eastern European absolutism, eschewing idealistic narratives for evidence-based assessments of power dynamics.^[44] He died on 13 May 1872 in Oberdöbling, near Vienna, at age 50.^[43]

Music and Composition

Karl Amadeus Hartmann

Karl Amadeus Hartmann (1905–1963) was a German composer known for his expressionist style and opposition to the Nazi regime through internal emigration. Born on August 2, 1905, in Munich, he studied composition and trombone at the Staatliche Akademie der Tonkunst there from 1923 to 1931, initially influenced by teachers like Josef Has and Heinrich Kaspar Schmid.^[47] Hartmann's early works, such as the symphonic poem Miserae (1933–1934), critiqued the rise of National Socialism, leading to official condemnation by the regime despite its Prague premiere in 1935.^[48] He died on December 5, 1963, in Munich from cancer complications.^[49] In response to the Nazi seizure of power in 1933, Hartmann adopted a strategy of inner emigration, refusing membership in the Reichsmusikkammer and withdrawing his compositions from public performance in Germany as a form of silent protest against cultural conformity and propaganda demands.^[50] This stance reflected his aversion to the regime's ideological coercion, prioritizing moral integrity over artistic dissemination; he continued composing privately, often destroying or concealing scores to evade censorship.^[51] During this period, he shifted emphasis to chamber music, including works like the Kammerkonzert for clarinet, string quartet, and string orchestra (1930–1935), which employed dissonant harmonies and structural rigor to evoke raw human experience rather than heroic narratives favored by Nazi aesthetics.^[52] A pivotal composition was the opera Simplicius Simplicissimus (1934–1936), adapted from Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen's novel about the Thirty Years' War, serving as an allegorical pacifist critique of contemporary militarism and totalitarianism.^[53] Though completed amid rising Nazi scrutiny, Hartmann withheld it from performance to avoid regime interference, preserving its anti-war essence untainted by approval or alteration. Postwar, from 1945 onward, he revised prewar symphonic sketches into a cycle of eight symphonies, gaining recognition for their architectonic precision and atonal-inflected realism, which rejected both romantic excess and serial dogmatism in favor of verifiable motivic development grounded in published scores.^[49] These efforts, exemplified by Symphony No. 1 (revised 1955 as a memorial to persecuted intellectuals), underscored his commitment to abstract form as ethical resistance.^[54]

Thomas de Hartmann

Thomas de Hartmann (September 21, 1885 – March 28, 1956) was a Russian composer of aristocratic Ukrainian origin, recognized for his early ballets in the Imperial Russian tradition and his later piano compositions developed in collaboration with G.I. Gurdjieff.^[55]^[56] Born in the village of Khoruzhivka east of Kiev to a family of landowners, de Hartmann displayed precocious musical talent, improvising at the piano by age four and receiving formal training from teachers including Sergei Taneyev and Anton Arensky at the St. Petersburg Conservatory, from which he graduated in 1904 with an artist's diploma.^[55]^[57] His independent works emphasized structural precision and harmonic experimentation, as seen in his four-act ballet La Fleurette Rouge (The Pink Flower), premiered in 1906 at the Imperial opera houses in Moscow and St. Petersburg, featuring dancers Vaslav Nijinsky, Anna Pavlova, and Michel Fokine; the production, later staged by Sergei Diaghilev in 1907, earned imperial patronage and exemption from military service for the 21-year-old composer.^[55]^[58] De Hartmann's collaboration with Gurdjieff, beginning around 1919 after the Russian Revolution disrupted his career, produced over 200 piano pieces between the 1920s and 1930s, primarily scored to accompany choreographed "movements" or ritual dances.^[59]^[60] These works adapted melodies indicated by Gurdjieff—drawn from Caucasian, Middle Eastern, and Asian folk traditions—into notated form, with de Hartmann providing harmonic structures and rhythms calibrated to physical execution, such as precise metric patterns for group synchrony verifiable in published scores and audio recordings.^[61] Volumes of these compositions, including Asian Songs and Rhythms, Music of the Sayyids and the Dervishes, and Hymns, Prayers, and Rituals, were posthumously edited and released, highlighting causal rhythmic elements that prioritize empirical alignment with bodily motion over abstract ornamentation.^[62] Independent of philosophical interpretations, the scores demonstrate de Hartmann's skill in integrating modal scales and ostinato patterns, as in pieces like "Reading from a Sacred Book" or excerpts from The Struggle of the Magicians, preserved through direct transcription methods.^[63] Later in life, exiled in Europe and the United States, de Hartmann composed symphonies, chamber works, and film scores totaling around 90 classical pieces, though his Gurdjieff-era output overshadowed earlier balletic innovations due to publication priorities.^[60] He died in New York City on March 28, 1956, leaving a legacy of verifiable musical artifacts that underscore rhythmic causality in sacred-inspired forms, accessible via archival recordings and scores rather than anecdotal accounts.^[64]^[58]

August Wilhelm Hartmann

August Wilhelm Hartmann (November 6, 1775 – November 15, 1850) was a Danish violinist, composer, organist, and educator active in Copenhagen during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Born in Copenhagen as the son of composer and Kapellmeister Johann Ernst Hartmann, he received early musical training from his father and local violinist Friedrich August Wahle before studying under Giovanni Battista Viotti at the Royal Chapel. In 1796, at age 20, Hartmann traveled to Italy for advanced violin studies with Alessandro Rolla in Parma and Vincenzo Puppo in Naples, experiences that refined his technical prowess and compositional style influenced by Italian traditions. Returning to Denmark in 1799, he secured the position of first violinist in the Royal Chapel orchestra in 1800, a role he held for decades alongside appointments as organist at the Garrison Church (1802) and cantor at the Metz School (1808).^[65] As a performer, Hartmann contributed to Copenhagen's musical establishment by leading violin sections in orchestral performances and chamber ensembles, helping sustain classical repertoire amid Denmark's Napoleonic-era challenges. His violin playing emphasized precision and expressiveness, drawing from Italian methods, though specific solo engagements remain sparsely documented beyond his institutional roles. In composition, he produced a body of chamber music, including string quartets and sonatas suited for domestic and semi-professional settings; vocal songs reflecting Romantic-era lyricism; and sacred choral works such as motets and cantatas performed in church services. These pieces, often neoclassical in form with emerging Romantic elements, bridged his father's generation and later Danish nationalists like his nephew Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann, prioritizing melodic clarity over innovation.^[65]^[66] Hartmann's legacy lies in fostering continuity within Denmark's court music tradition, where his multifaceted roles supported emerging talents and preserved instrumental standards. Unlike more prolific contemporaries, his output focused on functional, high-quality works rather than grand symphonies, aligning with the era's emphasis on practical musicianship. He died in Copenhagen at age 75, leaving no major theoretical treatises but influencing family successors through direct mentorship. Empirical assessments of his manuscripts, preserved in Danish archives, reveal competent craftsmanship in counterpoint and orchestration, verifiable through surviving scores that informed local performances into the mid-19th century.^[65]

Media and Broadcasting

Thom Hartmann

Thom Hartmann is an American radio personality, author, and entrepreneur associated with progressive media. Born Thomas Carl Hartmann on May 7, 1951, in Grand Rapids, Michigan, he hosts the daily talk radio program The Thom Hartmann Program, which has been nationally syndicated since 2003.^[67]^[68] The show airs live from noon to 3 PM ET and is distributed via commercial radio stations, the Pacifica Network, SiriusXM channel 127, and Free Speech TV.^[69] Hartmann has authored over 30 books addressing topics including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ecological concerns, and political commentary. He has written five books on ADHD, framing it through concepts like the "hunter in a farmer's world" theory, and works on environmental issues such as The Last Hours of Ancient Sunlight. In the political sphere, his 2002 book Unequal Protection examines the historical development of corporate personhood under U.S. law, arguing it distorts democratic processes by equating corporations with natural persons.^[69]^[70]^[71] Before entering broadcasting, Hartmann pursued entrepreneurial ventures, founding the Michigan Healing Arts Center and the advertising agency Ter Graphics in the 1970s, followed by Chandler, MacDonald (dba The Newsletter Factor) and International Wholesale Travel in the 1980s, the latter sold in 1986. With his wife Louise, he built seven businesses over 49 years, achieving five retirements through sales or transitions. He holds a PhD in homeopathy, a master's in herbal medicine, and certifications in neuro-linguistic programming.^[69]

Phil Hartman

Philip Edward Hartmann, who adopted the professional surname Hartman, was a Canadian-American comedian, actor, and voice artist born on September 24, 1948, in Brantford, Ontario.^[72] He modified his surname from Hartmann to Hartman in the early 1970s, believing the change aligned with favorable numerology from the I Ching, associating "Hartman" with destiny number 8 for success.^[73] Hartman initially pursued graphic design, earning a degree from California State University, Northridge, and creating over 40 album covers for artists including Poco, America, and Steely Dan before entering comedy and acting in the late 1970s.^[74] His breakthrough came with Saturday Night Live (SNL), where he joined the cast in 1986 and stayed through 1994, renowned for versatile impressions of figures like Bill Clinton, Frank Sinatra, and Ronald Reagan, as well as original characters that provided stability to the show's sketches.^[72] For his SNL work, he shared a 1989 Primetime Emmy for Outstanding Writing for a Variety Series and received individual performance nominations in 1994 and posthumously in 1998.^[75] From 1989 to 1998, Hartman voiced multiple characters on The Simpsons, most notably the sleazy lawyer Lionel Hutz and the dim-witted actor Troy McClure, contributing to dozens of episodes until his death halted further appearances, with residuals continuing from those roles.^[72] His broader career encompassed approximately 90 acting credits in film and television, emphasizing comedic versatility in live-action and animation.^[72] Hartman died on May 28, 1998, at age 49, from gunshot wounds inflicted by his wife, Brynn Hartman, while he slept in their Encino, California home; she died by suicide hours later after a confrontation with police.^[76]

Medicine and Occult Studies

Franz Hartmann

Franz Hartmann (November 22, 1838 – August 7, 1912) was a German physician and theosophist whose work sought to reconcile clinical observation with esoteric principles, emphasizing direct experiential evidence over dogmatic assertions in occult inquiry. Born in Donauwörth, Bavaria, he studied medicine and emigrated to the United States in 1859, where he practiced in cities including St. Louis and New Orleans, becoming a naturalized citizen in 1867.^[77]^[78] Later travels took him to Mexico, where he treated indigenous populations in Córdova, before returning to Europe in the early 1880s.^[77] Hartmann joined the Theosophical Society in 1884, shortly after encountering Helena Blavatsky in Paris and Adyar, India, becoming an active proponent of its teachings on hidden laws governing nature and human potential.^[77] His medical background informed a critical stance against pure materialism, advocating instead for an empirical approach to phenomena unexplained by conventional science, such as subtle energies in healing.^[79] In works like Occult Science in Medicine (1893), he drew on clinical cases to argue for vital forces influencing health, though these claims relied on personal anecdotes rather than controlled trials verifiable by peers.^[78] A notable publication, The Life of Jehoshua: The Prophet of Nazareth (1889), presented an esoteric interpretation of biblical events as symbolic initiatory processes, positing Jehoshua (Jesus) as an adept embodying universal truths accessible through inner development rather than historical literalism.^[80] Hartmann critiqued orthodox theology for obscuring causal mechanisms behind reported miracles, favoring a realist lens that aligned spiritual claims with observable patterns in nature, though theosophical sources promoting the book often amplify its interpretive authority without independent corroboration.^[80] Hartmann conducted firsthand investigations into reported paranormal events, including apparitions and poltergeist activity in European locales, documenting cases like a haunted residence in Vienna where he observed physical disturbances and auditory phenomena during overnight vigils.^[81] Prioritizing sensory data and exclusion of fraud—such as testing for human agency or environmental causes—he reported findings in autobiographical accounts, cautioning against uncritical acceptance while asserting patterns suggestive of non-material influences, though skeptics note the absence of contemporaneous third-party validation for these isolated observations.^[81] His approach underscored a commitment to causal analysis, rejecting both superstitious exaggeration and reductive denial in favor of replicable personal verification. Hartmann spent his later years in Kempten, Germany, continuing esoteric writing until his death.^[78]

Sports Figures

Notable Athletes Named Hartmann

Gerard Hartmann is an Irish triathlete who won seven consecutive national championships from 1984 to 1991 and competed internationally for Ireland, earning induction into the Triathlon Ireland Hall of Fame as one of the sport's pioneers in the country.^[82]^[83] Jason Hartmann, an American long-distance runner, achieved a marathon personal best of 2:11:06 on March 17, 2013, and recorded top-eight finishes at major races, including fourth place at the Boston Marathon in both 2012 and 2013, as well as top American at the 2010 Chicago Marathon with a time of 2:12.^[84]^[85]^[86] Alex Hartmann, an Australian sprinter, has claimed one Diamond League meeting victory and two Oceania championships across events including the 100 meters and 200 meters.^[87]

Business and Economics

Economists and Entrepreneurs Named Hartmann

Heidi Hartmann (born August 14, 1945) is an American economist whose research centers on gender disparities in labor markets, wage gaps, and policy impacts on women's economic status. She earned a PhD in economics from Yale University in 1974, one of the early women to do so from the program, and has emphasized political economy approaches to family and work dynamics.^[88] In 1987, Hartmann founded the Institute for Women's Policy Research (IWPR), a think tank focused on empirical studies of women's economic well-being, where she served as president until 2019 and remains senior research economist.^[89] Her analyses, such as those quantifying the economic costs of gender-based violence and barriers to women's workforce participation, have informed U.S. policy debates, including on paid family leave and equal pay legislation, drawing on datasets from sources like the U.S. Census Bureau and Bureau of Labor Statistics.^[90] Hartmann received a MacArthur Fellowship in 1994 recognizing her contributions to understanding economic inequalities rooted in gender norms rather than purely market forces.^[91] Oskar Hartmann is a German-Russian serial entrepreneur and investor specializing in technology-driven logistics and e-commerce ventures. He co-founded KupiVIP, a fashion flash-sale platform that raised over $100 million in funding before its 2016 sale, and has been instrumental in launching or investing in unicorn startups including Auto1 (valued at $16.4 billion as of 2022 IPO), Sennder (logistics tech, $1 billion valuation in 2021), Cars24 (auto retail, $3.3 billion valuation in 2021), and Spinny (Indian auto platform, $2.5 billion valuation in 2022).^[92] Hartmann's approach emphasizes scalable digital marketplaces that reduce transaction frictions in physical goods sectors, evidenced by his role in Auto1's aggregation of used car inventories across Europe, which processed over 500,000 vehicles annually by 2021.^[93] As a business angel, he has backed over 100 startups, achieving returns through early-stage identification of network effects in supply chains, though he has acknowledged losses like a $300 million misstep on Ozon's early rounds. Carl Hartmann is an Australian entrepreneur known for building logistics software firms amid the rise of e-commerce. He co-founded Temando in 2005, developing a platform that integrated shipping APIs for over 600 carriers, enabling real-time rate comparisons and fulfillment for clients like Nike and Qantas; the company processed $20 billion in annual transaction volume before its 2018 acquisition by eBay for an undisclosed sum estimated in the hundreds of millions.^[94] Hartmann scaled Temando from bootstrapped origins to 200 employees across five countries, attributing success to API standardization that cut integration costs by up to 90% for merchants, based on case studies from enterprise adoptions.^[95] His efforts earned awards including IBM Global Entrepreneur of the Year for Australia and Asia Pacific in 2015, and EY Entrepreneur of the Year Regional Winner, highlighting empirical metrics like 300% year-over-year growth in platform usage during peak adoption phases.^[95] Post-exit, Hartmann has advised on scaling strategies, focusing on data-driven pivots in supply chain tech amid global trade shifts.^[94]

Other Notable Individuals

Miscellaneous Figures

Nicolai Hartmann (1882–1950) was a German philosopher recognized for advancing critical ontology and a layered conception of reality across biological, psychological, and spiritual strata.^[22] His major works, including Zur Grundlage der Ontologie (1935), critiqued idealistic traditions by prioritizing empirical observation of being's concrete structures over abstract speculation.^[96] Hartmann's influence persisted in post-war European philosophy, emphasizing realism in metaphysics without reducing layers of existence to materialism.^[22] Martin Hartmann (1851–1918) served as a German orientalist and consular official, appointed dragoman to the German consulate in Beirut in 1875 at age 24, facilitating diplomatic engagement with Ottoman authorities.^[97] His fieldwork and writings analyzed Ottoman language reforms and Young Turk ideologies, shaping German orientalism's integration of political and cultural analysis of Islamic societies.^[98] Hartmann advocated pragmatic responses to Ottoman modernization, including support for jihad alliances during World War I, based on geopolitical assessments of imperial decline.^[99] Robert S. Hartman (1910–1973), a German-American logician, founded formal axiology as a mathematical framework for evaluating human values, defining goodness as the fulfillment of a thing's intrinsic concept.^[100] In The Structure of Value (1967), he classified values into systemic, extrinsic, and intrinsic dimensions, applying axiomatic logic to quantify value deviations and promote ethical decision-making.^[101] Hartman's system influenced applied fields like management and psychology, aiming to resolve value paradoxes through synthetic a priori principles derived from logical intension.^[102]

Fictional Characters

Prominent Fictional Hartmanns

Gunnery Sergeant Hartman appears as the primary antagonist in Stanley Kubrick's 1987 war film Full Metal Jacket, adapted from Gustav Hasford's 1979 novel The Short-Timers. Portrayed by R. Lee Ermey, an actual Marine drill instructor, the character embodies the archetype of a tyrannical senior drill instructor at the Parris Island Marine Corps Recruit Depot, employing relentless psychological and verbal abuse to break down recruits during basic training. His role culminates in a pivotal confrontation that underscores themes of military dehumanization and individual fragility, contributing to the film's critical acclaim for its raw depiction of Vietnam War-era boot camp. In Naoki Urasawa's manga series Monster (serialized 1994–2001), Hartmann serves as a psychologist and director of the Kinderheim 511 orphanage in East Germany, an experimental facility under the Stasi regime designed to indoctrinate children into emotionless soldiers via brutal conditioning. Revealed as a former patient subjected to the program's horrors, his character arc exposes the facility's role in creating sociopathic operatives, including the antagonist Johan Liebert, highlighting ethical failures in Cold War psychological manipulation. The series, adapted into a 2004–2005 anime, draws from real historical abuses in East German institutions for narrative authenticity. Erica Hartmann and her sister Ursula Hartmann feature prominently in the Strike Witches multimedia franchise, originating in the 2005 light novel series by Noboru Yamaguchi and later adapted into anime (2008 onward). Erica, a carefree ace fighter pilot with supernatural "magic" abilities, pilots a Striker Unit in alternate-history World War II battles against alien Neuroi invaders, representing the 501st Joint Fighter Wing's Luftwaffe contingent based on historical Flying Witch motifs. Ursula, a more reserved witch specializing in night operations and healing, complements Erica's brash archetype, with their sibling dynamic emphasizing themes of aerial combat prowess and familial bonds amid fantastical warfare. The characters draw inspiration from Luftwaffe pilots like Erich Hartmann, the real-life "Blonde Knight," but fictionalize them as anthropomorphic female warriors. Hartmann the Anarchist is the titular protagonist of Edward Douglas Fawcett's 1893 science fiction novel Hartmann the Anarchist: A Trip to the Planet Venus, self-published under the pseudonym "Marcus America." An idealistic revolutionary who commandeers an airship to Venus, Hartmann establishes a utopian anarchist society free from government and class hierarchies, only for it to collapse under internal contradictions and external threats. The narrative critiques fin-de-siècle socialist ideals through first-person adventure, predating H.G. Wells' dystopian works and influencing early aerial invasion tropes in British speculative fiction.

References

[1]
Eduard von Hartmann (1842-1906) - Rudolf Steiner e.Lib
Born 1842, von Hartmann was originally an officer in the Prussian army. Because of an illness, he retired from military service and took up an intensive study ...
[2]
Eduard von Hartmann - NNDB
Born: 23-Feb-1842. Birthplace: Berlin, Germany Died: 5-Jun-1906. Location of death: Gross Lichterfelde, Germany Cause of death: unspecified. Gender: Male Race ...
[3]
Karl Robert Eduard von Hartmann - Goodreads
Born in Berlin, Germany on February 23, 1842. Died on June 05, 1906. Official Website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Robert_Eduard... Genre ...
[4]
[PDF] Eduard von Hartmann's Philosophy of the Unconscious
Here we find Hartmann claiming a far-reaching philosophical significance for the. Philosophy of the Unconscious: it comprises, he claims, an overcoming of the ...Missing: key | Show results with:key
[5]
Eduard von Hartmann Thoughts
Jul 17, 2022 · Hartmann's (1842–1906) philosophy is based in particular on Schopenhauer and Hegel, furthermore on elements of Schelling's philosophy (for ...Missing: key | Show results with:key
[6]
The Concept of Unconsciousness by Eduard von Hartmann - IvyPanda
Feb 10, 2022 · Von Hartmann focuses on the unconscious, pushing the question of his self-awareness to the background. It is important to dwell on the key ...Introduction · Von Hartmann · Freud and Von Hartmann<|separator|>
[7]
Erich Hartmann, the Most Successful Fighter Pilot of All Time
Hartmann survived more than 1,400 missions, which amazes me almost as much as his kill tally. [The Eastern Front] really was as frigid, unforgiving, and ...
[8]
Erich Hartmann: Deadliest Fighter Ace of all Times - Biographics
Oct 28, 2023 · Erich Hartmann was born on April 19, 1922 in Weissach, near Stuttgart, South-Western Germany. His father Alfred, a doctor, wished for Erich and ...
[9]
Erich Alfred Hartmann personnel file and career - Wehrmacht History
Branch: Luftwaffe Born: 19 April 1922 in Weissach, Württemberg, Germany. Died: 20 September 1993 Weil im Schönbuch, Germany. Ranks: Oberst 26 July 1967
[10]
Erich Hartmann: The Deadliest Fighter Pilot in History
May 20, 2022 · Erich Hartmann, sometimes referred to as the 'Black Devil', is the deadliest fighter pilot in history, having downed 352 Allied planes during World War Two.
[11]
The Blonde Knight - Key Aero
Mar 1, 2019 · Erich Hartmann with his 352 aerial victories is undisputedly the most successful fighter ace of all time. He has been called the 'Blond Knight' by the ...
[12]
Ace of Aces: Erich Hartmann the Blond Knight of Germany
Hartmann was the most successful fighter ace pilot in the history of aerial warfare. His cumulative 352 kills (350 Soviet and 2 American) over 30 months was ...<|separator|>
[13]
352 Kills — How Germany's Erich Hartmann Became History's ...
Apr 2, 2020 · Hartmann was always more of a tactician than a brawler. He was aggressive but not reckless, and understood his aircraft bolt-for-bolt. He kept ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[14]
Here's why Luftwaffe Bf 109 pilot Erich Hartmann did not fire until the ...
Unlike some, Hartmann chose to make his gun converge extremely close and he would not fire until the enemy is effectively right in front of him; as close as 20 ...
[15]
https://shopvalorgear.com/blogs/blog/erich-hartmann
[16]
Erich Hartmann: Unyielding Ace of the Skies-plane Historia
May 28, 2023 · Hartmann went on to use his experience in West Germany's Air Force. He would later retire from the force to teach flying. He died in 1993 ...
[17]
(PDF) Eduard von Hartmann's Philosophy of the Unconscious
Dec 26, 2016 · He holds that unconscious sensations are instances of perceptual consciousness of which we are not introspectively conscious. I contend that, ...
[18]
Eduard von Hartmann among Schopenhauer, Schelling, and Hegel
Hartmann inverts Hegel's rational teleology by his reliance on a notion of 'unconscious ideas'. Purposes are a species of idea.
[19]
Full article: The Unconscious - Taylor & Francis Online
Jul 16, 2020 · Hartmann meant by the unconscious the absolute which is at the basis of all things and lies behind all consciousness, the superconscious- ...
[20]
History | Architecture of Life | Manifold@UMinnPress
If Darwinism, for him, professed a “mindless causality,” effectively denying adaptation, Hartmann's unconscious provided evolution with a teleological guiding ...
[21]
[PDF] Will in Western thought
cosmic nature is nothing but the objectification of will activ- ity. 33 ... Eduard von Hartmann further explores the concept of an unconscious will. To ...
[22]
Nicolai Hartmann - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Jul 1, 2012 · Nicolai Hartmann (1882–1950) was one of the leading German philosophers of the first half of the twentieth century.
[23]
New Ways of Ontology - 1st Edition - Nicolai Hartmann - Routledge
Free deliveryThe main task of New Ways of Ontology is to reveal and analyze interdependences and interconnections. The divisions of being and becoming, of the separation of ...Missing: 1942 | Show results with:1942
[24]
Georg Hartmann | British Museum
Biography: Scientific instrument maker (and manual writer) Georg Hartmann was born on 9 February 1489 in Eggolsheim (between Bamberg and Erlangen).
[25]
Georg Hartmann - Museo Galileo
German mathematician and instrument-maker. In 1518, during a visit to Italy, struck up a friendship with Andreas Copernicus, Nicolaus's brother.
[26]
A master instrument maker from a small town in the Fränkischen ...
Nov 25, 2020 · Hartmann was born on 9 February 1489. Unfortunately, as with so many Renaissance figures, we know nothing about his background or childhood. He ...
[27]
Hartmann's practika : a manual for making sundials and astrolabes..
... Astrolabes with Cornpass and Rule, Written frorn 1518 to 1528 by Georg Hartrnann. ... Georg Hartmann's basic manuscript is found in Vienna in the Osterreichische ...
[28]
Georg Hartmann - Linda Hall Library
Feb 9, 2017 · Georg Hartmann, a German instrument maker, was born in Bavaria on Feb. 9, 1489. After a variety of studies and travels, he settled in Nuremberg in 1518.Missing: 1489-1564 | Show results with:1489-1564
[29]
https://brill.com/downloadpdf/display/book/9789004354135/B9789004354135_009.pdf
[30]
Epact: Scientific Instruments of Medieval and Renaissance Europe
Georg Hartmann was born on 9 February 1489 in Eggolsheim (between Bamberg and Erlangen). In 1506 he enrolled as a student at the university of Cologne and ...Missing: biography | Show results with:biography
[31]
Sadakichi Hartmann | The Poetry Foundation
Sadakichi Hartmann was born in Nagasaki Harbor, the son of an affluent German father and a Japanese mother. Hartmann's mother died in childbirth, and Hartmann ...Missing: impressionism aesthetics
[32]
[PDF] SENSATION AND SUGGESTION - William James Studies
Hartmann, Sadakichi. A History of American Art, in 2 Volumes. Boston: L. C. Page, 1901. —. “A National American Art.” The Art Critic 1, no. 3 (March. 1894): ...Missing: prints | Show results with:prints
[33]
Masters of American Drawings and Watercolors, Foundations of the ...
This first edition of Sadakichi Hartmann's A History of American Art was published in 1901 by L. C. Page & Company of Boston. The two-volume set appeared five ...
[34]
https://escholarship.org/content/qt08s7h3nh/qt08s7h3nh_noSplash_3accc308b58eda47a860c4a1930df3b6.pdf
[35]
The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Whistler Book, by Sadakichi ...
SADAKICHI HARTMANN. Author of "A History of American Art," "Japanese Art," etc. With fifty-seven reproductions of Mr. Whistler's most important works. Logo.
[36]
Sadakichi Hartmann's American Art: Citizenship, Asian America, and ...
Sadakichi Hartmann's (1867–1944) 258-page autobiography was never published. It begins with his birth to a Japanese mother and German father “around 1867 or ...Missing: impressionism | Show results with:impressionism
[37]
Viktor Hartmann Biography - Pantheon World
5 May 1834 – 4 August 1873) was a Russian architect and painter. He was associated with the Abramtsevo Colony, purchased and preserved beginning in 1870.
[38]
Pictures at an Exhibition: About Victor Hartmann - Jacksonville ...
Nov 8, 2018 · Victor Alexandrovitch Hartmann was born April 23 rd , 1834, in St. Petersburg. Both his parents died before he was four years old.Missing: biography | Show results with:biography
[39]
https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft1g5004bj&chunk.id=0&doc.view=print
[40]
When Art Meets Music: Picturesque Walk through a 19th C. Russian ...
Victor Hartmann's design for The Great Gate of Kiev, 1870 (left), caused a sensation, and the architect himself, felt it was the finest work he had yet done.
[41]
[PDF] From Don Morrison - Hartmann's masterpiece - Penn Alumni
In 1869, a young Russian artist and architect named Viktor Hartmann entered a design competition for an ornamental gate in Kiev, capital of Ukraine. The ...<|separator|>
[42]
Pictures at an Exhibition - NAARP
Hartmann's sketch was his design for city gates at Kiev in the ancient Russian massive style with a cupola shaped like a Slavonic helmet. Bogatyrs are heroes ...
[43]
HARTMANN, MORITZ - JewishEncyclopedia.com
Austrian poet; born at Przibram, Bohemia, Oct., 1821; died at Oberdöbling, near Vienna, May 13, 1872. He was educated at the gymnasiums at Jung-Bunzlau and ...Missing: biography | Show results with:biography
[44]
Hartmann, Moritz | Encyclopedia.com
HARTMANN, MORITZ (1821–1872), German author and revolutionary. Hartmann was born in Dušniky, near Přibram, Bohemia. One of the first Jewish youngsters in ...Missing: poet | Show results with:poet
[45]
Moritz Hartmann - Chest of Books
Moritz Hartmann, a German poet of Jewish parentage, born at Duschnik, Bohemia, Oct. 15, 1821, died in Vienna, May 13, 1872. He studied in Prague and Vienna; ...
[46]
Moritz Hartmann - The Edythe Griffinger Portal - Leo Baeck Institute
The poet, author and politician Moritz Hartmann was born in Duschnik, Bohemia (Dušníky, Czech Republic) in 1821. He studied philosophy in Prague and in ...Missing: biography | Show results with:biography
[47]
Biographie - Karl Amadeus Hartmann - Ressources IRCAM
German composer born 2 August 1905 in Munich; died 5 December 1963 in Munich. Born on 2 August 1905 in Munich, where he would spend most of his life, Karl ...
[48]
Karl Amadeus Hartmann - Wind Repertory Project
Sep 15, 2024 · Karl Amadeus Hartmann (2 August 1905, Munich, Germany – 5 December 1963, Munich) was a German composer. Hartmann was torn, early in his career, ...
[49]
Karl Amadeus Hartmann - Schott Music
Country of origin: Germany ; Birthday: August 2, 1905 ; Date of death: December 5, 1963 ; Conductor · Anja Bihlmaier ; Orchestra · Helsingin Kaupunginorkesteri ( ...
[50]
Karl Amadeus Hartmann during the years 1933 to 1945 - CENTER
Hartmann's music is characterised by solidarity with the peoples suffering under Nazi-fascist terror and by the view that music has moral tasks and that new ...Missing: withdrawal | Show results with:withdrawal
[51]
Symphonic Hymns (1942) - American Symphony Orchestra
It was during the postwar era that he either revised or withdrew many of the scores that had been composed between 1933 and 1945, favoring his new stylistic ...
[52]
Hartmann: Concerto funebre - CDA67547 - Hyperion Records
Concerto funebre was composed during the outbreak of World War II. It is an extraordinary work, inspired initially by Hartmann's feelings about the Nazi ...
[53]
Hartmann: Simplicius Simplicissimus - Planet Hugill
Sep 8, 2014 · Hartmann's opera Simplicius Simplicissimus dates originally from between 1934 and 1936. Based on Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen's ...
[54]
Rethinking the Repertoire #3: Karl Amadeus Hartmann's Symphony ...
Oct 7, 2015 · Similarly, Hartmann's Symphony no. 1, which began in 1935 as a memorial to artists and intellectuals persecuted by the Nazi regime, was revised ...
[55]
Thomas de Hartmann: A Composer's Life
Born in the Ukraine to a family of Russian aristocrats, de Hartmann showed an inspired ability for music by improvising melodies at the piano before the age of ...Missing: biography | Show results with:biography
[56]
Thomas de Hartmann - The Gurdjieff Legacy Foundation Archives
Thomas Alexandrovich de Hartmann (1885–1956) ... Thomas de Hartmann was born on September 21, 1885, in Khoruzhivka, a small village east of Kiev in the Ukraine.Missing: biography | Show results with:biography
[57]
Why Has Ukranian Composer Thomas de Hartmann Been So ...
Jun 26, 2022 · The Ukrainian-born composer Thomas de Hartmann (1885-1956) studied at the Imperial Conservatory of Music with the three greatest Russian composers of the late ...Missing: biography | Show results with:biography
[58]
Thomas de Hartmann (Composer, Arranger) - Short Biography
Jul 1, 2025 · Died: March 28, 1956 - New York City, New York, USA. The Russian composer, Thomas Alexandrovich de Hartmann, studied piano with Anna Yesipova ...
[59]
Thomas de Hartmann - Gurdjieff International Review
1886–1956. Thomas de Hartmann was born in the Ukraine and was already an acclaimed composer in Russia when he first met Gurdjieff. He spent the years 1917–1929 ...
[60]
Music of Thomas de Hartmann
Thomas de Hartmann's musical output consists of some 90 works written in ... collaboration with George Ivanovitch Gurdjieff (1877-1949). The earliest ...
[61]
The Complete Piano Music of Gurdjieff/De Hartmann
The music produced from the remarkable collaboration of Georges Ivanovich Gurdjieff and Thomas de Hartmann typifies the creative explorations undertaken by ...
[62]
The Gurdjieff / de Hartmann Music
Thomas de Hartmann collaborated on several hundred musical compositions with Gurdjieff in the 1920s. This issue is focused on this music and its legacy.
[63]
The Music of Gurdjieff / De Hartmann - Album by Thomas ... - Spotify
Thomas de Hartmann · Reading from a Sacred Book · Thomas de Hartmann · 'The Struggle of the Magicians' (Excerpt No. 3) · Thomas de Hartmann · Katzapsky Song.
[64]
Collection: Thomas de Hartmann Papers | Archives at Yale
De Hartmann (1886-1956) was born in Khoruzhivka, Sumy Oblast', Ukraine (then part of the Russian Empire) to a family of aristocrats and showed an inspired ...Missing: biography | Show results with:biography
[65]
Hartmann | Encyclopedia.com
He prepared a Violin-Schule (MS, 1777). (2) August Wilhelm Hartmann , violinist, organist, and composer, son of the preceding; b. Copenhagen, Nov. 6, 1775; d.Missing: maker born Sarepta
[66]
Emil and Johann Hartmann: Harmonious Families Vol 1 [CF]
August Wilhelm's father was the great Johann Ernest Hartmann (1726-1793) who came to Denmark from Germany and was to be one of the most important composers ...
[67]
Thom Hartmann - NNDB
Born: 7-May-1951. Birthplace: Grand Rapids, MI. Gender: Male Religion ... Nationally syndicated, left-leaning radio talk show host. Mother: Jean ...
[68]
Thom Hartmann The Hidden History of American Democracy ...
Jul 28, 2023 · He has hosted his nationally syndicated show, The Thom Hartmann Program, since 2003. We spoke with Thom via Skype on July 24, 2023. In our ...
[69]
About Thom
Thom Hartmann has been the nation's #1 progressive talk show host for over a decade. His program is live daily from noon-3 PM ET on commercial radio stations.
[70]
Books Available Online by Thom Hartmann
Thom Hartmann has written over 25 books and is a New York Times best seller author. Check the full range of his books and order online today.
[71]
Unequal Protection: The Rise of Corporate Dominance and the Theft ...
In stock Rating 4.2 (624) Hartmann proposes specific legal remedies that could truly save the world from political, economic, and ecological disaster. ABOUT THE AUTHOR. Thom Hartmann is ...
[72]
Phil Hartman(1948-1998) - IMDb
Phil Hartman was born Philip Edward Hartmann on September 24, 1948, in Brantford, Ontario, Canada. His surname was originally Hartmann.Biography · 5 of 135 · Overview · Awards
[73]
11 Revealing Facts from Phil Hartman's New Biography - TV Guide
Sep 23, 2014 · He changed his name for good luck: Born Phillip Hartmann, he later dropped the second N in his surname due to a belief in I Ching, the ...
[74]
'Saturday Night Live' Star Phil Hartman Quietly Designed Over 40 ...
Aug 4, 2022 · The comedian started his own graphic art business, designing album covers for bands like Poco, America, and Steely Dan, ...
[75]
Phil Hartman | Television Academy
1 Emmy · Outstanding Supporting Actor In A Comedy Series - 1998 · Outstanding Individual Performance In A Variety Or Music Program - 1994 · Outstanding Writing In ...
[76]
How Did Phil Hartman Die? What to Know About His Shocking ...
May 28, 2025 · Hartman was shot to death by his wife of 10 years, Brynn, in a shocking murder-suicide. The NewsRadio star was asleep in their bedroom when ...
[77]
Franz Hartmann: A Pioneer of the Theosophical Movement
He was born on November 22, 1838, in Donauwörth, Bavaria, with a strong sense of purpose, and his sublime mission became the spread of the Theosophical message ...
[78]
Hartmann, Franz, 1838-1912 - The Online Books Page
Franz Hartmann (22 November 1838, Donauwörth – 7 August 1912, Kempten im Allgäu) was a German medical doctor, theosophist, occultist, geomancer, astrologer, ...
[79]
Hartmann, Franz - Theosophy World
A prolific writer on theosophical and allied subjects, Hartmann was born at the small town of Donauwörth in Bavaria on November 22, 1838.
[80]
The Life of Jehoshua, the Prophet of Nazareth: An Occult Study and ...
Mar 29, 2008 · The Life of Jehoshua, the Prophet of Nazareth: An Occult Study and a Key to the Bible ... by: Franz Hartmann. Publication date: 1889.
[81]
Autobiography - Franz Hartmann - Hermetic Library
Apr 5, 2017 · My experiences and adventures, especially in regard to occult subjects have been somewhat extraordinary and interesting.
[82]
Hell founder in hall of fame - Limerick Post News
Nov 22, 2017 · He followed that by winning seven national triathlon titles from 1984 to 1991, competing with distinction at international events including top ...Missing: achievements | Show results with:achievements
[83]
Triathlon Ireland - Facebook
Dec 7, 2017 · Ann Kearney and Gerard Hartmann were the first recipients, both legends of the sport here in Ireland.
[84]
Jason HARTMANN | Profile - World Athletics
In top 8 at Pan American Games. 3X. In top 8 at Major Marathon. Personal bests. Half Marathon. Result. 1:01:52. Date. 17 MAR 2013. Marathon. Result. 2:11:06.Missing: achievements | Show results with:achievements
[85]
5 Questions with Jason Hartmann - ESPN - Endurance Blog
Apr 17, 2013 · Jason Hartmann finished fourth in Monday's Boston Marathon, matching his place from last year's race. While the 32-year-old Boulder, Colo., ...Missing: achievements | Show results with:achievements<|separator|>
[86]
Track & Field - Saginaw Valley State
Jason was the top-American finisher at three major marathons on US soil (Chicago in 2010 with a 2:12 and twice he placed 4th at Boston marathon in 2012 and in ...Missing: achievements | Show results with:achievements
[87]
Alex HARTMANN | Profile - World Athletics
Alex HARTMANN, Australia, Born 07 MAR 1993, Alex's code 14467409, 1X Diamond League meeting winner, 2X Oceania champion.
[88]
Heidi Hartmann, an early Yale Economics woman PhD, discusses ...
May 15, 2024 · An article Hartmann wrote in semi-retirement describes what it was like to lead IWPR as a feminist economist with roots in political economy, ...
[89]
Women in Economics: Heidi Hartmann | St. Louis Fed
Oct 4, 2023 · Heidi Hartmann, founder, president emerita and senior research economist of the Institute for Women's Policy Research, who currently serves as a distinguished ...Missing: named | Show results with:named
[90]
Heidi Hartmann - SheSource - Women's Media Center
Heidi Hartmann is the former President of the Washington-based Institute for Women's Policy Research, a scientific research organization she founded in 1987 ...
[91]
Heidi I. Hartmann - MacArthur Foundation
Heidi Hartmann, an economist, is an expert on women's economic and employment issues in the United States.Missing: named | Show results with:named
[92]
Oskar Hartmann — Business Angel. Unicorn creator & hunter.
Oskar Hartmann is a serial entrepreneur and a visionary investor. Hartmann has been at the inception of unicorns such as Auto1, Sennder, Cars24 and Spinny.
[93]
Hartmann Holdings
Oskar Hartmann joins us to share his unicorn experiences: He was part of 10% of all German unicorns; Made a $300M mistake on Ozon; Managed to make money on Fab.
[94]
Carl Hartmann explains how to successfully grow and scale a ...
Carl Hartmann is a prominent, multi-award winning Australian entrepreneur best known from his work as Co-Founder & CEO of Temando which he took from an idea to ...
[95]
Carl Hartmann: Serial Success & Innovative Insights From An ...
Feb 16, 2025 · ... named IBM Global Entrepreneur of the Year Australia and Asia Pacific winner, as well as EY Entrepreneur of the Year Regional Winner ...
[96]
[PDF] NICOLAI HARTMANN'S PHILOSOPHY OF NATURE
His nature philosophy is grounded in his “critical ontology” and theory of the “stratified” structure of the real world.
[97]
[PDF] Arabistik and Arabism: The Passions of Martin Hartmann
With these formidable credentials, the polyglot Hartmann, then aged 24, earned an appointment as Dragoman to the German consulate in Beirut.
[98]
[PDF] German Encounters with the Ottoman Empire, 1850-1918
In the summer of 1876, a German consul named Martin Hartmann ... in diplomats like Hartmann, close contact with actually existing Islamicate society in the.
[99]
Germany and Jihad - Freie Universität Berlin
Kaiser Wilhelm II. (1859-1941) himself favored the idea. Public figures as the journalist Ernst Jäckh (1875-1959), the scholar Martin Hartmann (1851—1918) and ...<|separator|>
[100]
Robert S. Hartman Institute | Explore Value Science Today
Dr. Robert S. Hartman was a visionary consultant, mathematician, and philosopher known primarily for creating formal axiology, the science of human values. His ...
[101]
The Structure of Value Foundations of Scientific Axiology
Nov 16, 2022 · The Structure of Value Foundations of Scientific Axiology. by: Robert S. Hartman. Publication date: 1967. Collection: internetarchivebooks ...
[102]
Defining "Formal Axiology" - Robert S. Hartman Institute
Jun 1, 2025 · Robert S. Hartman searched for and began to find the most logically abstract (he would say “synthetic”) features of all human values and ...