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Receiver

''Receiver'' is a term with multiple meanings in various fields. It may refer to:
  • In [[arts, entertainment, and media]]: works such as albums, songs, films, or television series titled "Receiver", or related concepts in music and other media.
  • In [[professions and roles]]: positions or functions, including legal and financial roles (e.g., a court-appointed receiver in bankruptcy), and administrative or operational roles.
  • In [[sports]]: specific positions or equipment, notably the wide receiver in gridiron football (American football and Canadian football), or analogous roles in other sports.
  • In [[technology and engineering]]: an electronic device or circuit that receives signals from a transmission medium (such as radio waves or wired connections) and converts them into usable form, commonly in electronics, communications, firearms, or software contexts.
  • Other [[miscellaneous uses]]: everyday or historical terms, and specialized applications in diverse domains.

Arts, entertainment, and media

Music

In music, the title "Receiver" has been used for several notable albums and songs, often evoking themes of emotional or communicative reception, such as capturing signals, grace, or personal transformation. The 1998 album Receiver by the Nashville-based band Farmer Not So John marked their second and final full-length release, issued on Compass Records as a blend of folk rock and country rock influences. Recorded at Monkey Finger Studios, the 10-track effort runs 47 minutes and explores introspective themes of loss, resilience, and relationships through layered instrumentation featuring acoustic guitars, pedal steel, and harmonious vocals led by songwriters Mack Linebaugh and Richard McLaurin. Key tracks include the opening "Paperthin," a melancholic ballad about fragility in love; "Fuse," which builds tension with driving rhythms; and the title track "Receiver," a reflective closer pondering future uncertainties. Critically, it received praise for its mature songcraft and rootsy cohesion. Another prominent use appears in the 2008 album Receivers by the band Parts & Labor, their fourth full-length on Jagjaguwar Records, incorporating elements with and dynamics. Expanded to a four-piece with Sarah Lipstate, the eight-track , lasting 41 minutes, was self-recorded in and , delving into apocalyptic and existential motifs amid swirling guitars, urgent drums, and BJ Warman's soaring vocals. Standout songs like the epic opener "Satellites," evoking isolation through droning builds; "Mount Misery," a noisy anthem of struggle; and "Bone Machine," closing with raw catharsis, highlight the band's ambitious evolution. Reviews lauded its emotional depth and sonic intensity, with calling it the band's most ambitious work. Songs titled "Receiver" are less common but include indie and alternative examples with thematic ties to reception and connection. The indie rock band The Receiver, active in the 2000s Pacific Northwest scene, released tracks like "Visitor" from their 2009 album Length of Arms, using the moniker to frame songs about fleeting encounters and emotional intake, drawing comparisons to Elliott Smith for introspective lyricism. Similarly, Dutch indie band Klangstof's 2016 single "We Are Your Receiver" from the album Limbo employs electronic-tinged rock to explore vulnerability in human interaction, with lyrics emphasizing openness to signals from others. A more overt thematic example is "I'm a Receiver" (2002) by Christian rock parody band ApologetiX, a reworking of Neil Diamond's "I'm a Believer," where lyrics shift to themes of receiving divine grace and faith, as in lines about being "touched" by Ephesians 2:8-9, underscoring spiritual acceptance. Historically, the term "receiver" in titles symbolizes the dynamic between emitter and , representing the capture of auditory or emotional "signals" in and appreciation, a rooted in semiotic analyses of as a communicative medium. This appears sporadically across genres, from rock's interpersonal signals to spiritual contexts of receptive transformation, without dominating mainstream catalogs.

, television, and other media

The 2024 Netflix documentary series Receiver is an eight-episode production that chronicles the 2023 NFL season through the perspectives of elite pass-catchers, including wide receivers Davante Adams, Justin Jefferson, Deebo Samuel, and Amon-Ra St. Brown, as well as tight end George Kittle. Directed by the team behind the earlier series Quarterback, it premiered on July 10, 2024, and delves into the players' on-field performances, training regimens, and personal lives amid the pressures of professional football. The series highlights pivotal moments such as Adams' trade to the New York Jets and Jefferson's recovery from injury, offering intimate access via body cams and interviews. Produced in collaboration with the NFL, Receiver quickly rose to become Netflix's top global English-language TV show in its debut week, amassing significant viewership and underscoring the platform's growing footprint in sports documentaries. Receiver (2012) is an independent developed and published by , emphasizing hyper-realistic firearm mechanics in a surreal, procedurally generated environment. Created in just seven days for the 7 Day challenge, the game simulates the internal operations of weapons like the Colt 1911, requiring players to manually manage actions such as inserting magazines, racking slides, and clearing malfunctions, which adds tension and authenticity to . Players navigate dreamlike levels filled with hostile turrets and drones, uncovering narrative fragments through audio tapes that reveal an unfolding story of . The title received updates over the years, including the v10 Modifiers Update in March 2023, which introduced -altering options like altered gravity and enemy behaviors to enhance replayability. Its sequel, Receiver 2, released on April 14, 2020, expands on these elements with more weapon models, ballistic simulations, and a mode, maintaining the core focus on meticulous handling without traditional progression systems like loot crates. As of November 2025, no major updates have been announced for either title, though the series retains a for its innovative simulation approach. The Receiver statue is a 22-foot-tall fiberglass public artwork in , depicting a dynamic player leaping to catch a football, symbolizing the team's storied history in the . Originally installed on June 8, 1985, in front of Green Bay City Hall, it was created by artists Andy and Mike Kuatza as a generic tribute to Packers receivers. Relocated to the Titletown District in 2013 and repainted to honor longtime Packers Donald —who holds franchise records for receptions, receiving yards, and touchdown catches—the sculpture now stands outside The Depot restaurant at 1600 S. Webster Ave. This adaptation, executed by local artist Harvey Heise, includes Driver's jersey number 80 and personalized details, enhancing its role as a fan landmark. The statue holds cultural significance as an enduring emblem of Packers fandom, frequently repainted for events like the and drawing visitors to celebrate the team's championship legacy.

Professions and roles

Legal and financial roles

In legal proceedings, a receiver serves as a court-appointed custodian responsible for managing, preserving, or liquidating assets involved in litigation or insolvency to protect the interests of creditors and other parties. This role is codified in U.S. federal law under 28 U.S.C. § 3103, which permits a court to appoint a receiver for a debtor's nonexempt property upon a showing of reasonable cause by the United States, typically in cases of debt enforcement or fraud. The appointment process generally begins with a petition from an interested party, such as a creditor or government agency, leading to a court order that outlines the receiver's authority, including the power to take possession of assets, operate businesses temporarily, collect income, and distribute proceeds equitably. In insolvency scenarios, receivers ensure orderly asset disposition to maximize recovery, as exemplified in historical U.S. cases like the 1941 Supreme Court decision in United States v. Texas, where a general receivership for an insolvent debtor prioritized federal tax claims in asset distribution under Revised Statutes § 3466. Financial receivers historically functioned as treasurers or collectors of public or royal funds, a tradition rooted in where officials known as receivers-general managed the collection of the king's revenues through the system. These officers, appointed to gather taxes, feudal dues, and other crown income, operated under longstanding customs described in William Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws of England, ensuring fiscal accountability to the . In modern , financial receivers are often appointed by lenders under secured transactions to handle defaulted debts, taking control of collateral such as or to realize value through sale or management, thereby mitigating losses for secured parties without full proceedings. The legal concept of a "receiver of stolen goods" denotes an individual who knowingly accepts, possesses, or disposes of property obtained through , constituting a distinct offense under and statutory frameworks. At , this act is a requiring proof of the receiver's knowledge that the goods were stolen and an intent to deprive the owner, distinguishing it from mere . , 18 U.S.C. § 2315 federalizes the for interstate commerce, prohibiting the receipt, sale, or concealment of stolen goods, securities, or money valued at $5,000 or more, with penalties including fines and up to 10 years' . A notable specific office was the Receiver for the in , established in 1792 as the financial administrator predating the Metropolitan Police's formation in 1829, with responsibilities for budgeting, , , and overall fiscal oversight of the force. This role, independent of operational command, ensured logistical and financial support until the offices of the Receiver and were merged on 1 following a consultancy review, unifying administrative functions under a single structure. Further reforms in 2012, including the creation of the Mayor's for Policing and Crime, shifted financial governance to integrated directorates, effectively ending the standalone Receiver position.

Administrative and operational roles

In and , a , often titled as a or shipping and receiving associate, plays a critical role in operations by managing the of and materials. This position involves verifying shipments against purchase orders for accuracy in quantity, quality, and condition; conducting inspections to identify damages or discrepancies; and using such as warehouse management systems (WMS) to log entries and update stock records. Typical duties also include unloading deliveries with equipment like , coordinating with suppliers to resolve issues, and preparing documentation for internal , ensuring seamless flow. Qualifications generally require a or equivalent, with preferred experience in or , basic computer proficiency, and sometimes certifications in operation or hazardous materials handling. In maritime contexts, the Receiver of Wreck is an official UK government position appointed by the Secretary of State and operating under the Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA) to administer wreck and salvage laws. Established with roots in 12th-century salvage customs and formalized in the Merchant Shipping Act 1854, the role was centralized into a single civil servant position in 1993 and is governed today by Part IX of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995. Responsibilities include processing mandatory reports of wreck found in UK territorial waters or on the foreshore—required within 28 days via official forms—investigating ownership through historical records and consultations with experts, and facilitating the return of property to rightful owners while recovering any public costs incurred. The process for salvaging wrecked ships involves supervising licensed salvors, using technologies like sonar for site assessments, and ensuring compliance to prevent unauthorized interference; finders or salvors who contribute to recovery may receive awards based on the value of the salved property, the skill and danger involved, and statutory guidelines, with awards ranging from nominal sums to significant portions of the item's worth, such as in cases of historic artifacts or cargo. Failure to report can result in prosecution, underscoring the role's emphasis on legal oversight and heritage protection. Historically, administrative roles akin to receivers encompassed officials responsible for receiving and managing public funds, such as the in , who served as financial administrators and treasurers handling state revenues, military pay, and provincial taxes from the era onward. , elected annually as entry-level magistrates, oversaw the (public treasury) in , audited accounts, and disbursed funds for or legions, with their duties expanding under the to include judicial and logistical oversight in provinces. Complementing this were the , private contractors who bid on tax-farming contracts to collect indirect taxes like customs duties and sales levies on behalf of the state, remitting a fixed sum to the treasury while retaining surpluses—though often criticized for extortionate practices that burdened provincials. In modern human resources contexts, analogous "receiver" functions appear in administration, where specialists or business managers process and remit employee compensation data to government entities like Canada's Receiver General for tax withholdings, benefits deductions, and statutory payments, ensuring compliance with labor laws while integrating with financial systems for accurate fund allocation.

Sports

Gridiron football

In , particularly as played in the (), the (WR) is an offensive position primarily responsible for catching forward passes from the while creating separation from defenders through precise route running and . Wide receivers line up outside the offensive tackles and must be eligible to receive passes by aligning on or off the , often exploiting mismatches in speed and quickness against defensive backs. The position demands exceptional athleticism, including short-area burst and straight-line speed; for instance, the average 40-yard dash time for wide receivers at the is approximately 4.49 seconds, underscoring the premium placed on explosiveness to beat press coverage and pursue deep routes. Wide receivers are designated by alignments such as X (split end, aligned on the line of scrimmage opposite the tight end), Z (flanker, off the line on the same side as the tight end), and Y (often the tight end, but adaptable for slot usage), allowing offensive coordinators to manipulate defensive through formations like trips, where three receivers to one side to overload coverage and create numerical advantages. Historically, the role evolved from when ends were versatile blockers and occasional pass-catchers without specialized splits; by the , the flanker position emerged as a dedicated off-line receiver to stretch defenses horizontally, with the split end focusing on vertical threats. The 1978 rule changes significantly elevated the position's prominence by introducing the five-yard illegal contact rule, which limited defensive jamming beyond the and loosened interpretations, leading to a surge in passing attempts and receiver production as offenses shifted toward aerial attacks. The serves as a hybrid , blending pass-catching duties with inline blocking to protect the or open running lanes, a role that gained receiving emphasis starting in the as coaches like integrated them into passing schemes for their size advantage over linebackers. Modern tight ends, exemplified by —who amassed 621 receptions for 9,286 yards and 92 touchdowns over his career—often operate as primary targets in the due to their physicality, though they must balance receiving with run-blocking to maintain formation integrity. Strategically, receiver performance is evaluated through metrics like yards after catch (YAC), which measures post-reception elusiveness and highlights playmakers who turn short gains into big plays; elite wide receivers like , with 1,549 career receptions for 22,895 yards, exemplified this, influencing formations that prioritize motion and bunching to maximize YAC opportunities.

Other sports contexts

In flag football, a non-contact variant of , the receiver—often positioned as a or —focuses on catching forward passes while adhering to strict no-tackle rules that prohibit blocking, screening, or diving. This setup emphasizes agility, quick route-running, and evasion techniques over physical engagement, allowing players to advance the by pulling flags from opponents rather than tackling. Youth leagues, such as those organized by NFL FLAG for ages 5-17, adapt these rules further by restricting quarterback runs and laterals to promote safety and skill development in co-ed environments. Touch football, another non-contact popular internationally, similarly features pass-catching roles akin to receivers, with players like wings and relying on speed and -handling to receive and advance the without physical confrontations. Radio receivers serve as communication tools in team sports, enabling coaches to relay plays directly to players via helmet-embedded earpieces. In , this technology originated in 1956 with experimental helmet radios tested by the but was banned until the officially adopted it in 1994 for use during the final two minutes of each half and . Similar wireless systems have since expanded to other team contexts, supporting secure, on-field coordination. In adaptive sports, signal receivers facilitate participation for athletes with disabilities by providing auditory or visual cues through wearable devices. For hearing-impaired runners, systems like the Olimpo device detect the starter's gun via and transmit millisecond-accurate or signals, reducing reaction times from around 500 ms to 193-217 ms in events such as 100m sprints. In wheelchair sports like and , inertial and GPS-based receivers monitor movement and propulsion, aiding and while integrating with broader assistive technologies.

Technology and engineering

Electronics and communications

In and communications, a is a device that converts electromagnetic or acoustic signals into usable information, such as audio or video, by and processing incoming waves. , a foundational example, (RF) signals carried on electromagnetic waves to recover the original modulating signal, typically audio for . The , invented by around 1918 during his service in , revolutionized this process by converting the incoming RF signal to a fixed (IF) for easier and filtering. This architecture includes stages such as RF to boost the weak input signal, mixing with a to produce the IF, IF for selectivity, and detection () to extract the signal. filed a for the superheterodyne circuit in December 1918, which was granted in 1920, enabling more sensitive and tunable radios that dominated consumer and professional applications for decades. Television and audiovisual (AV) receivers extend this principle to handle both audio and video signals from broadcast or cable sources. These devices incorporate tuners that select and demodulate specific channels, converting over-the-air or wired signals into synchronized audio and video outputs. In the United States, receivers adhere to , with ATSC 1.0 (introduced in 1995) enabling high-definition broadcasting and (deployed progressively since 2017) supporting video, , and interactive features as of 2025. Modern multi-channel AV receivers, often used in home theaters, integrate multiple 2.1 inputs for 8K passthrough and support immersive audio formats like , which employs object-based sound rendering for three-dimensional audio experiences. These receivers process up to 9.4 or more channels, amplifying signals for systems while handling decoding for formats like DTS:X. The telephone receiver, specifically the earpiece component, converts electrical signals back into audible sound through electromagnetic transduction. In Alexander Graham Bell's foundational 1876 patent (U.S. Patent No. 174,465), the receiver used a and to vibrate in response to current variations, producing sound waves that mimic the original voice. Early designs relied on this electromagnetic principle, known since the mid-19th century, to achieve intelligible speech transmission over wires. Contemporary smartphone earpieces employ micro-electro-mechanical systems () technology, where tiny vibrating membranes driven by electrostatic or piezoelectric actuators deliver high-fidelity audio in compact form factors, improving efficiency and reducing power consumption compared to traditional dynamic drivers. Modulated ultrasound receivers process high-frequency acoustic signals above the human (typically 20 kHz to several MHz) for applications like and distance ranging. These devices demodulate amplitude- or frequency-modulated ultrasonic waves to extract information about tissue properties or motion. In Doppler ultrasound systems, used for blood flow assessment, the receiver detects frequency shifts in reflected waves from moving scatterers, governed by the equation f_d = \frac{2 v f \cos \theta}{c} where f_d is the Doppler shift frequency, v is the velocity of the target, f is the transmitted frequency, \theta is the angle between the ultrasound beam and motion direction, and c is the speed of sound in the medium (approximately 1540 m/s in soft tissue). For normal incidence (\theta = 0), this simplifies to f_d = 2 v f / c, enabling non-invasive velocity measurements in cardiology and obstetrics.

Firearms and mechanical devices

In firearms, the receiver serves as the central structural frame that houses key internal components such as the trigger mechanism, or , , and , while often being threaded to attach the barrel. Under the U.S. , the receiver (or frame in handguns) is legally defined as the regulated "firearm" itself, as it forms the serialized and controlled portion of the weapon that provides housing for the operating mechanisms. In modular designs like the AR-15 rifle, the receiver is split into an upper portion, which encloses the bolt carrier group and attaches to the barrel, and a lower portion, which contains the trigger assembly, , and magazine well; this configuration allows for customization while the lower receiver remains the federally controlled element. These receivers are typically constructed from high-strength aluminum alloys, such as 7075-T6 or 6061-T6, prized for their lightweight durability and resistance to corrosion in demanding environments. In dairy farming equipment, the receiver functions as a critical component in milking machines, collecting milk drawn from animal teats through vacuum-assisted teat cups and liners before transferring it to storage or processing. The system operates via a partial vacuum generated by a pump, typically around 12-15 inches of mercury, which creates suction in flexible tubes connected to the teat cups, drawing milk into a transparent glass or stainless-steel receiver jar equipped with a strainer to filter debris. Hygiene standards, enforced by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration under the Pasteurized Milk Ordinance, require receivers to be made of smooth, non-toxic materials like 304 or 316 stainless steel that are corrosion-resistant, easily cleanable, and free of crevices to prevent bacterial contamination, with regular sanitization using approved cleaners at temperatures above 170°F (77°C). This design evolved from 19th-century hand-operated suction devices, such as Anna Baldwin's 1879 patent for a basic vacuum milker, to modern automated pipeline systems introduced in the mid-20th century, which integrate receivers into continuous vacuum lines for efficient, large-scale milk transport without intermediate manual handling.

Software and computing

In software and computing, a receiver often refers to components or applications that handle the ingestion and processing of digital data streams, emphasizing protocols and virtual interfaces over physical hardware. Digital media receivers are software-enabled devices or applications designed to stream audio, video, and other media content over local networks, facilitating seamless playback on televisions or displays. These receivers typically adhere to interoperability standards like DLNA (Digital Living Network Alliance), which builds on UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) to enable devices to discover and share media files without requiring internet connectivity. For instance, DLNA-certified receivers support push and pull streaming modes, allowing users to access content from servers like NAS drives or PCs. In 2025, advancements in streaming standards have incorporated support for 8K resolution through HDMI 2.1 interfaces and AI upscaling, enabling future-proof playback of high-definition content on compatible devices such as Roku players, which integrate DLNA for local media server access. Citrix Receiver, originally developed in the 1990s, is a client software application for accessing virtual desktops and applications remotely via the protocol. The ICA protocol, introduced around 1990-1991 with Citrix's early multiuser products, enables thin-client by transmitting graphical user interfaces and input over networks, reducing bandwidth needs compared to full desktop transmission. Key features include secure , HDX technology for optimized multimedia rendering, and support for multiple platforms like Windows, macOS, and mobile devices. In August 2018, Citrix began transitioning from Receiver to the Workspace app, which was officially rebranded in 2020 to unify access to virtual apps, , and web services while maintaining with ICA files. Security updates for the Workspace app, including validations for patches and enhanced feature controls, continued through 2025 to address vulnerabilities in remote access. In broader computing contexts, patterns describe software mechanisms for asynchronous receipt in distributed messaging systems, where "receivers" act as polling for incoming messages without synchronous blocking. In , a popular open-source platform for , receivers operate as consumer instances that subscribe to topics—durable message queues that store events like user actions or logs for configurable retention periods, such as 168 hours by default. These use a pull-based model to fetch messages asynchronously, enabling scalable, fault-tolerant processing through consumer groups that distribute workloads across partitions for receipt. This pattern decouples producers from receivers, allowing high-throughput handling in applications like real-time analytics, without delving into underlying network .

Miscellaneous uses

Everyday and historical terms

In everyday language, "receiver" denotes a or that accepts or takes of something, such as a recipient of gifts, messages, payments, or . For instance, in contexts, it describes someone who is given an item or benefit, emphasizing the act of without implying any specialized role. This general usage underscores the word's foundational sense of acquiring or being the of an action or object. The term's etymology traces back to the Latin verb recipere, meaning "to take back," "to take in," or "to receive," composed of re- ("back") and capere ("to take"). It entered around the mid-14th century via receveor or receverre, initially referring to a person who accepts or collects items, evolving from its classical roots into the modern English form by the . Early usages in 14th-century texts often portrayed the receiver as a passive yet essential participant in transactions, such as accepting deliveries or acknowledgments. Historically, "receiver" signified officials in the of responsible for gathering and managing royal funds, including taxes, rents, and feudal dues, with roles such as the chamberlains accounting for revenues during biannual Exchequer sessions to ensure the king's fiscal oversight in a feudal system reliant on local collectors and manorial contributions. These functions emerged as part of England's centralized financial administration from around the . In idiomatic expressions, "receiver" appears in phrases highlighting or interpersonal dynamics, such as being "on the receiving end," which means experiencing the effects or consequences of an , often negatively, like enduring . These idioms emphasize behavioral attitudes toward in non-legal, everyday interactions.

Specialized applications

In , particularly in systems, air receiver tanks function as storage vessels for pressurized air, helping to stabilize system pressure, reduce compressor cycling, and provide a for demand fluctuations. These tanks are typically constructed from steel and must comply with the ASME and Code, Section VIII, Division 1, which specifies , fabrication, and requirements to ensure under pressures often up to 150-200 . For instance, horizontal or vertical air receivers are sized based on output, with capacities ranging from small units to large volumes exceeding 1,000 gallons. In scientific research, particularly , receivers refer to the electronic readout systems that capture and process signals from detector sensors, forming a critical part of the chain in high-energy experiments. These receiver chains amplify, digitize, and transmit analog signals from detectors like silicon trackers or calorimeters, often using application-specific integrated circuits () to handle high data rates in environments with extreme radiation. A generic receiver design, for example, employs direct sampling with high-speed analog-to-digital converters to adapt to various detector types, enabling software-configurable performance for experiments at facilities like . In and biology, the term "receiver" describes floral structures or that accept during transfer networks, with the serving as the primary pollen receiver by capturing and retaining grains for fertilization. Studies of these networks quantify a plant's role as a pollen receiver by measuring heterospecific pollen deposition, which can influence and community dynamics in ecosystems. For example, in mixed-species assemblages, invasive often act as dominant pollen receivers, altering native pollination interactions through higher visitation rates.

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