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Skip

In curling, the skip is the and strategic leader of a team, responsible for directing , calling , and serving as the for deliveries by holding a at the desired aiming point on the . Typically positioned last in the throwing order, the skip delivers the final two stones per end and makes critical decisions on sweeping and line to influence stone paths on the ice. This role demands expertise in reading ice conditions, anticipating , and adapting tactics against opponents, often making the skip the most influential player in achieving a score. While traditionally male, modern skips can be of any gender, with prominent examples including female skips like in elite competitions. The position underscores curling's emphasis on precision, , and mental acuity, contributing to the sport's unique blend of and physical skill.

Acronyms

Biological and Medical Acronyms

SKIP, or and Enriched , is the protein encoded by the human , which functions as an inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase in cellular signaling pathways, particularly by regulating inositol phosphate metabolism through the of key substrates such as inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP₃), inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (IP₄), (PI(4,5)P₂), and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P₃). This activity negatively modulates (PI3K)-dependent signaling, influencing processes like organization, insulin responsiveness, and myoblast . The INPP5K gene was first identified in 2000 through cDNA cloning from human libraries during efforts to characterize novel phosphatases, highlighting its tissue-specific expression and enzymatic properties. Subsequent genomic studies in the early 2000s confirmed its role in phosphoinositide , with emerging evidence linking dysregulation to states; for instance, biallelic mutations in INPP5K cause a rare form of overlapping with dystroglycanopathy, featuring early-onset muscle weakness, cataracts, and cognitive impairment.30024-1) Potential associations with cancer include reduced INPP5K expression in , correlating with advanced tumor stages and poorer survival outcomes, while its involvement in insulin signaling suggests relevance to metabolic disorders like . Structurally, the 448-amino-acid INPP5K protein comprises an N-terminal catalytic 5-phosphatase domain that hydrolyzes the 5-phosphate from its lipid and soluble substrates, enabling fine-tuned control of PI(3,4,5)P₃ levels at the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum. This domain is followed by a C-terminal SKICH (Sac homology domain in IpgD, IP₃ 5-phosphatase, and synaptojanin) domain, which mediates protein-protein interactions, such as binding to glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), and facilitates localization to the endoplasmic reticulum and actin stress fiber-free regions of the cytosol. Expression of INPP5K is ubiquitous but enriched in skeletal muscle, heart, and kidney tissues, consistent with its naming and physiological roles in these organs.

Computing and Organizational Acronyms

In , SKIP stands for Simple Key-Management for Internet Protocol, a proposed in the mid-1990s for secure in implementations. Developed by the IETF Security Working Group, SKIP enables the establishment of shared session keys between communicating parties without transmitting unencrypted keying material over the network, thereby enhancing security against eavesdropping and man-in-the-middle attacks. The architecture of SKIP relies on the Diffie-Hellman key agreement algorithm to generate ephemeral session keys dynamically, combined with certificate-based authentication using (PKI) for entity verification. In operation, each participant maintains a long-term public-private key pair certified by a trusted authority; upon connection initiation, the protocol performs a Diffie-Hellman exchange protected by the sender's certificate, allowing receivers to authenticate the sender and derive symmetric keys for encrypting subsequent traffic using protocols like (Authentication Header) or (Encapsulating Security Payload). This pipelined approach supports on-the-fly key generation for multicast and unicast traffic, making it suitable for connectionless IP environments in both IPv4 and IPv6. SKIP's design emphasized scalability for large networks, avoiding the need for centralized servers. Historically, SKIP emerged from early IETF efforts to secure IP communications, with initial drafts published in 1994 and refined through 1996, gaining attention for its lightweight integration with emerging standards. It saw limited adoption in some commercial VPN products and research prototypes during the late 1990s, particularly for scenarios requiring efficient group in early internet routing. However, SKIP was ultimately superseded by the () protocol, standardized in 2409 in 1998, which offered more robust features like perfect and broader negotiation capabilities; by the early 2000s, became the for , leading to SKIP's deprecation in favor of IKEv1 and later IKEv2. In organizational contexts, SKIP refers to Sick Kids need Involved People of New York, Inc., a 501(c)(3) nonprofit founded in 1983 to support families caring for children and young adults with chronic illnesses, medical complexities, or developmental disabilities across New York State. The organization provides comprehensive services including respite care, nursing support, family counseling, and assistance with medical equipment and transportation to enable home-based care and prevent institutionalization. Eligibility for SKIP of New York's programs targets families of children from birth to age 21 (and up to 21 for transitional services) who have medically fragile conditions, developmental disabilities, or complex health needs requiring ongoing support; applicants must reside in and demonstrate financial or logistical barriers to care, with enrollment facilitated through an application process assessing medical documentation and family circumstances. Services are provided at no cost to qualifying families, funded through donations, grants, and partnerships. Since its inception, SKIP has served over 25,000 children and families, with ongoing expansions to address the needs of approximately 800,000 children facing similar challenges as of recent reports.

Businesses

Scooter Sharing and Transportation

Skip was founded in 2017 in by Matt Tran, alongside co-founders Sanjay Dastoor and Mike Wadhera, as an electric scooter-sharing company aimed at providing accessible last-mile transportation. The startup emerged from Y Combinator's 2018 cohort, initially focusing on docked scooters to address urban clutter and regulatory concerns in densely populated areas. By 2019, Skip had expanded its operations to additional cities, including and , deploying fleets to support short-distance travel in high-demand urban environments. The company's operational model centered on a for user rentals, allowing seamless unlocking, riding, and locking of scooters via GPS-enabled devices. A key innovation was its battery-swapping technology, which enabled freelance chargers to replace depleted batteries on-site rather than transporting entire scooters for recharging, reducing vehicle downtime and environmental impact from fleet collection. Skip secured partnerships with municipal authorities, such as obtaining a permit from the (SFMTA) in 2019, to integrate its services into ecosystems and comply with local guidelines for equitable access and safety. These collaborations emphasized micromobility's role in complementing public transit, with scooters designed for durability—featuring swappable 615Wh lithium-ion batteries and rugged builds to withstand urban conditions. Facing intense competition from established players like and , as well as mounting regulatory hurdles including permit restrictions and safety mandates in expansion cities, Skip's operations wound down after its acquisition by in late 2020. The company ultimately filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy in August 2021, liquidating assets to address debts amid the broader e-scooter industry's consolidation.

Video Game Development

Skip Ltd., stylized as skip, was a Japanese video game development studio founded in July 2000 in , , by former employees of the disbanded Love-de-Lic, including prominent Kenichi . The company quickly formed a close partnership with , which published all of Skip's Japanese titles and supported its focus on innovative, character-driven adventures and experimental gameplay. This collaboration began with the quirky game GiFTPiA for the in 2003, where players managed a toy factory in a surreal world blending management simulation and narrative elements. It continued with the acclaimed Chibi-Robo! in 2005, also for , featuring a tiny performing household chores in a heartfelt, open-ended adventure that emphasized empathy and exploration. Skip's portfolio expanded into experimental titles, notably the bit Generations series released in 2006 for the Game Boy Advance, a set of seven minimalist games sold individually through Nintendo's digital distribution channels. These titles, such as DIALHEX and COLORIS, prioritized abstract mechanics like pattern-matching puzzles and reactive visuals over traditional narratives, showcasing Skip's interest in accessible yet unconventional design. The studio further explored Nintendo DS hardware with music-infused and creative software, including Chibi-Robo! Park Patrol in 2007, which adapted the series to portable play with gardening and community-building elements, and contributions to the Art Style series of abstract puzzle games starting in 2009. Skip Ltd. released its final major title, , a side-scrolling co-developed with Vanpool, for the in 2015. The studio shut down in 2024, as confirmed by a former employee in March 2024, following signs of inactivity since around 2020 including website deactivation and removal of company signage. Skip's legacy endures in Nintendo's continued support for small-team, experimental projects, influencing the publisher's collaborations with developers on platforms like the Switch through innovative, niche titles in the 2020s.

Food Delivery Services

SkipTheDishes was founded in 2012 in , , , by brothers and Simair, along with co-founders Chau and Adamson, with the goal of creating an efficient online platform for food ordering and . The service initially focused on connecting local restaurants with customers for pickup and , starting small but experiencing rapid growth through organic expansion and strategic investments. By 2019, had scaled to operate in over 300 cities across , bolstered by its user-friendly app and partnerships with thousands of restaurants. In December 2016, SkipTheDishes was acquired by UK-based Just Eat for approximately $110 million USD, which provided resources for further expansion while maintaining its independent operations as a subsidiary. This deal marked a pivotal moment, enabling the platform to enhance its technology infrastructure and enter new markets. In 2020, Just Eat merged with Takeaway.com to form Just Eat Takeaway.com, integrating SkipTheDishes into a larger global network and supporting continued growth in North America. Under this ownership, the service introduced key features such as real-time order tracking, allowing customers to monitor deliveries via GPS, and expanded restaurant partnerships to include over 30,000 eateries nationwide by the early 2020s. In October 2024, the company rebranded from to simply "Skip" to reflect its evolution beyond into broader convenience services, including groceries, alcohol, and retail items. This emphasized a streamlined with the "Skip to the Good Part," highlighting faster fulfillment and diverse offerings. As of 2020, Skip was the most-used app in , with surveys indicating approximately 55% of Canadians using it. In 2025, Skip released its National Orders Report, revealing trends such as a surge in retail and grocery deliveries, with popular items including drinks, midnight snacks, and , underscoring its expansion into non-food categories. Amid its growth, Skip has faced controversies related to driver compensation, including ongoing debates over low and unpredictable pay rates for couriers classified as independent contractors, leading to calls for minimum wage protections and better benefits in provinces like British Columbia. In response to industry-wide pressures, Skip implemented adjustments like performance-based incentives, but driver dissatisfaction persisted, with reports of earnings dropping below $15 per hour after expenses in some urban areas during 2025. Additionally, the platform integrated AI technologies for enhanced user experience, such as the AI-powered Inflation Cookbook launched in 2023, which uses real-time pricing data to suggest cost-effective, nutritious recipes amid inflation. These innovations aim to boost order efficiency and customer retention in a competitive North American market projected to exceed $105 billion by 2033.

Characters

Animated and Film Characters

Skip Ricter is a minor character in the 2006 Pixar animated film Cars, serving as a reporter for Racing Television (RTV) who covers Piston Cup racing events. Depicted as a chestnut-colored Brawny Motor Co. Shindig SR stock car with a black "Press" sticker featuring the Piston Cup logo, Ricter appears briefly in race scenes, notably reporting on Lightning McQueen's disappearance after a crash. The role is limited to a few lines without prominent screen time. The character's design draws inspiration from real-world NASCAR vehicles, reflecting the film's broader homage to American stock car racing culture, where press cars often feature distinctive markings for media access. While Ricter does not appear in the sequels Cars 2 (2011) or Cars 3 (2017), his model has been referenced in extended media through Mattel diecast toys released as late as 2010 in the Final Lap series, maintaining continuity in the Pixar universe. In terms of cultural impact, Skip Ricter has garnered niche recognition among fans via merchandise, including 1:55-scale diecast figures with eye effects, and occasional nods in crossovers like and shorts that expand the Cars world. Skips (voiced by ) is an immortal and groundskeeper in the Cartoon Network animated series (2010–2017). Another notable film portrayal is Skip, the loyal in the 2000 live-action adaptation My Dog Skip, who aids young in gaining confidence during World War II-era Mississippi.

Literary Characters

Skip serves as the central figure in 's 1995 memoir My Dog Skip, a poignant autobiographical account drawn from the author's experiences with his childhood in 1940s . As an only child in a close-knit Southern town, young Willie receives Skip as a ninth-birthday gift from an uncle, forging a profound bond that underscores themes of unwavering friendship, personal growth, and inevitable loss. The narrative captures the simplicity and magic of boyhood companionship against the backdrop of World War II-era America, where Skip becomes Willie's constant ally in navigating isolation and small-town adventures. Throughout the memoir, Skip's escapades highlight his lively spirit and intuitive loyalty, including romps through local alleys and pecan groves, joining Willie in impromptu games with neighborhood boys, and even "driving" the family car under Willie's direction—a feat that delights onlookers and cements Skip's reputation as an extraordinary companion. During the wartime years, Skip aids Willie's by helping befriend former bullies and participating in bold challenges, such as a bet to spend the night in the town , earning the pair a small fortune in Depression-era terms. These events not only drive the plot but also illustrate Skip's role in fostering Willie's confidence and resilience amid the era's uncertainties, from to absent fathers at . The story reaches its emotional peak with Skip's death in the early 1950s, shortly after Willie departs for , evoking a deep sense of mourning that mirrors the passage from youth to adulthood. Literarily, My Dog Skip blends nostalgic warmth with reflective introspection on Southern life, evoking the region's cultural textures through vivid depictions of community rituals, racial undercurrents, and the bittersweet interplay of joy and sorrow—elements that align with broader Southern literary traditions while prioritizing heartfelt over stark dramatic tension. The 's influence extended to a 2000 film adaptation directed by , featuring as young Willie alongside and as his parents; while the retains the core narrative of boy-and-dog adventures, it heightens sentimental sequences for broader appeal, sometimes softening the book's subtler emotional layers in favor of visual . The adaptation proved commercially successful, earning $35.8 million worldwide against a $7 million .

People

In Arts and Entertainment

(born September 16, 1950), commonly known by his childhood nickname "Skip," is an acclaimed American literary critic, historian, professor, and filmmaker specializing in African American studies. He has authored numerous influential works, including the seminal 1988 book , which explores the signifying tradition in and as a framework for understanding black expressive culture. Gates has also produced award-winning documentaries and television series, notably serving as host and executive producer of the long-running genealogy program , which premiered in 2014 and continues to air, tracing the ancestral histories of notable figures through genetic and archival research. Nehemiah Curtis "Skip" James (June 9, 1902 – October 3, 1969) was a pioneering American Delta blues musician, singer, guitarist, and pianist whose haunting, high-pitched vocals and open D-minor tuning defined an idiosyncratic style within the genre. His 1931 Paramount Records sessions yielded classics like "Devil Got My Woman," a modal blues track characterized by its eerie falsetto and unconventional structure, which captured the emotional depth of Delta blues traditions from his native Mississippi. After decades of obscurity, James was rediscovered in 1964 by blues researchers, leading to performances at key 1960s folk festivals such as Newport, where he revitalized interest in pre-war blues and influenced the folk revival movement until his death from cancer. Skip Marley (born June 4, 1996), grandson of reggae icon Bob Marley through his mother Cedella Marley, is a Jamaican singer-songwriter blending roots reggae with contemporary sounds in his music career. Emerging in the mid-2010s, he gained prominence with 2017 releases like the anthemic single "Lions," which addressed social justice themes and featured in global campaigns, marking his debut under Island Records. Marley has since collaborated on high-profile tracks, including the 2021 hit "Slow Down" with H.E.R., and contributed to family legacy projects; in 2025, he released the single In Our Sight, featuring unity-focused reggae and further collaborations within the Marley musical dynasty.

In Sports

Skip Bayless, born John Edward Bayless II on December 4, 1951, is an sports commentator and renowned for his provocative opinions on . He gained prominence at , joining the network in 2004 as a panelist on , which was rebranded as in 2007, where he co-hosted alongside until his departure in 2016. His tenure on helped transform it into a high-profile show, drawing millions of viewers weekly and establishing Bayless as a polarizing figure in sports media due to his hot takes on topics like quarterbacks and NBA stars. In 2016, Bayless moved to to launch Undisputed with , a daily program that ran until Bayless's departure in and further amplified his influence, though it faced declining ratings after Sharpe's exit in 2023. In August 2025, Bayless launched "The Arena: ," a new NFL-focused show co-hosted with , , and . Bayless's career has been marked by significant media impact, including authoring books like God's Coach (1995) on football and contributing to a reported exceeding $17 million, underscoring his role in shaping through television. Chris Candido (1972–2005), who performed under the Skip in the World Wrestling Federation (, now ), was a professional wrestler known for his technical prowess and success in the mid-1990s. Debuting as Skip in 1995, he portrayed a fitness-obsessed character as part of The , managed by his real-life partner (Tammy Sytch), which emphasized aesthetics in wrestling storylines. That year, Candido as Skip competed prominently in WWF events, including upsets and feuds that highlighted his athleticism, before the group evolved to include Zip () as his on-screen brother. Candido's tenure as Skip peaked with The Bodydonnas capturing the WWF World Tag Team Championship in a tournament final against on March 31, 1996, at , a reign that lasted until May and solidified his legacy in . Throughout his career, which spanned promotions like and WCW, Candido held multiple championships, including ECW World Tag Team titles, but his time as Skip remains notable for blending athletic performance with character-driven entertainment; he tragically died in at age 33 from complications following surgery.

In Politics and Other Fields

Louis Arthur "Skip" Bafalis (1929–2023) was an American politician and businessman who served as a U.S. Representative for from 1979 to 1983 and the 10th district from 1983 to 1993. Born in , , to a immigrant father and Swedish-descended mother, Bafalis graduated from Manchester Central High School in 1948, earned a B.A. from in 1953, and an M.A. from in 1955. After serving in the U.S. from 1953 to 1955, he worked in business in , before entering as a member of the from 1968 to 1970. During his congressional tenure, he focused on and was known for his role on the House Budget Committee. Skippy Mesirow (born 1986), an American civic leader and former local politician, served as a member of the , City Council from 2019 to 2023. Born in , Mesirow began his political involvement early, serving as Deputy Political Director for in Barack Obama's 2008 presidential campaign and later as for Jesse White's 2010 reelection. Elected as Aspen's youngest City Council member in 2019, he advocated for sustainable community development, housing affordability through measures like a proposed vacancy tax, and innovative public health initiatives, including support for regulated . After leaving office in 2023, Mesirow founded the Civic Courage Lab, a nonprofit training leaders in and ethical governance to address . In other professional fields, George Edward "Skip" Prosser (1950–2007) was a prominent coach whose career emphasized academic success alongside athletic achievement. After graduating from the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy in 1972, Prosser coached at from 1994 to 2001, compiling a 148–65 record, securing four NCAA Tournament appearances, and earning NABC District Coach of the Year honors in 1997. At from 2001 until his death, he achieved a 126–68 record, led the Demon Deacons to the regular-season championship in 2003—the program's first in 40 years—and four consecutive NCAA berths, while being named Coach of the Year in 2003. Prosser's overall Division I record stood at 291–146, with every senior he coached graduating in four years; he died suddenly of a heart attack in 2007 at age 56. Skip Engblom (born 1948), an influential entrepreneur in the surf and skate industries, co-founded Jeff Ho Surfboards and Zephyr Productions in Venice Beach, California, in 1972. Partnering with shaper Jeff Ho and writer Craig Stecyk, Engblom pioneered custom surfboards and apparel that blended counterculture aesthetics, launching the Z-Boys—a groundbreaking skateboarding team that revolutionized the sport through aggressive, surf-inspired styles at local pools and ramps. The Zephyr shop became a hub for the Dogtown scene, inspiring the 2005 documentary Dogtown and Z-Boys and contributing to the mainstream rise of skateboarding culture. Engblom later managed sales for surf brands and remained active in the industry, emphasizing grassroots innovation over commercial trends.

Storms

1982 Tropical Storm Skip

Tropical Storm Skip formed on June 29, 1982, at 12:00 UTC as a tropical depression in the open waters of the northwestern , approximately 1,500 km east-southeast of . The system developed from a persistent area of disturbed weather associated with a broad low-pressure trough, with initial showing disorganized . It was designated as the seventh tropical cyclone of the season by the (JMA) and the second named storm by the (JTWC). Under favorable upper-level conditions, including moderate wind shear and warm sea surface temperatures, Skip gradually organized and intensified into a tropical storm by early July 1, reaching peak sustained winds of 45 knots (83 km/h or 23 m/s, based on 10-minute averages). At its strongest, the storm's central pressure fell to 992 hPa, with gale-force winds extending outward up to 370 km from the center. The JTWC estimated slightly higher 1-minute winds of around 50 knots during this phase, based on satellite pattern recognition and limited aircraft reconnaissance fixes. Skip's small circulation featured a ragged central dense overcast but lacked a well-defined eye. The storm followed a rapid northeastward track at an average speed of 42.8 km/h, covering approximately 2,311 km during its 54-hour lifespan while remaining over the open ocean well east of the and south of . Its path was influenced by a subtropical ridge to the north and an approaching mid-latitude trough, which steered it away from any landmasses. No significant impacts were reported from Skip, as it never threatened populated areas or shipping lanes closely enough to generate warnings beyond routine advisories. By late July 1, increasing and cooler waters associated with the mid-latitude interaction weakened the system, leading to its dissipation at 18:00 UTC after transitioning into an extratropical low. The JTWC and JMA ceased tracking the remnants shortly thereafter. Skip's early formation highlighted the active start to the 1982 season, which ultimately featured 25 named storms.

1985 Typhoon Skip

formed as a tropical disturbance near the on August 30, 1985, and organized into a tropical depression the following day within the northwestern Pacific basin. It strengthened into a tropical storm and was assigned the name on August 31, marking the reuse of the name previously given to a short-lived tropical storm in 1982. Moving west-northwestward across open ocean waters under the influence of a subtropical , the gradually intensified amid favorable environmental conditions, reaching minimal typhoon status by September 1 with maximum sustained winds of 65 knots (120 km/h). Skip continued its westward track initially, but by early September, it began to recurve northeastward while crossing back into the central Pacific basin around September 4. The peaked in intensity on September 7 with sustained winds of 75 knots (139 km/h) and a minimum central of 980 , before encountering increasing and cooler sea surface temperatures that prompted steady weakening. Throughout its lifecycle, the storm remained over remote oceanic areas, resulting in no reported damage or casualties, though it was closely monitored by the Central Pacific Hurricane Center for a potential threat to as it approached from the east. As part of the active 1985 Pacific typhoon season, which featured 26 named storms—the second-highest total since systematic records began in 1950—Skip exemplified the season's emphasis on trans-basin systems with limited land interactions. Post-season analyses attributed the season's above-average activity partly to neutral ENSO conditions transitioning from a weak La Niña earlier in the year, which supported enhanced activity and storm genesis near the date line without the suppressive effects of a strong El Niño.

1988 Typhoon Skip

, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Yoning, formed as a tropical depression on November 3, 1988, approximately 667 km southwest of within the in the . The system intensified rapidly while tracking west-northwestward, reaching typhoon strength by November 5 and peaking as a Category 4 super on November 6 with maximum 1-minute sustained winds of 125 knots (230 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 916 hPa. It made landfall over Samar Island in the eastern early on November 7, crossing the central islands including , , and before emerging into the on November 8, where it began to weaken and recurve slightly northward before dissipating in the on November 13. The typhoon brought devastating impacts to the , particularly in the and southern regions, where heavy rains exceeding 500 mm in some areas triggered widespread flooding and landslides. It resulted in at least 237 deaths and numerous injuries and missing persons, with over one million residents affected and more than 600,000 left homeless; evacuations were widespread in low-lying areas of and the central islands to mitigate flood risks. Agricultural losses were severe, including damage to , , and crops, alongside disruptions to power supplies, communications, and numerous sinkings, with total damages estimated at approximately $33 million USD (1988). No significant landfalls or direct impacts were reported in or , though the storm's outer bands contributed to minor rainfall in nearby areas. Due to its severe effects in the , the name Yoning was retired from PAGASA's rotating lists following the 1988 season and replaced by Yolanda in 1990; however, the international name Skip continued in use by the ESCAP/WMO panel until its natural expiration in 1998. In contrast to the relatively harmless 1985 Typhoon Skip, which passed well east of land without major impacts, the 1988 event highlighted the vulnerability of the to successive intense cyclones within short periods.

Other Uses

Containers and Mining Equipment

In British English, a denotes a large, open-topped , commonly referred to as a skip , designed for the collection and transport of construction debris, household , and demolition materials. These containers gained prominence in the during the 1960s, evolving from earlier refuse carts to become a standard tool in , particularly for sites requiring efficient removal of bulky or heavy materials by lorry. Skips typically range in size from 2 to 40 cubic yards, allowing flexibility for small household clearances (e.g., a 2-yard skip holding about 20-30 bags) to large commercial projects (e.g., a 40-yard builder's skip for substantial volumes of rubble). By 2025, over 17 million skips are hired annually across the UK, with the majority serving domestic and construction needs, reflecting their integral role in managing the nation's 190 million tonnes of annual generation. The evolution of skips has increasingly aligned with recycling compliance, driven by environmental regulations such as the Simpler Recycling initiative effective from March 2025, which mandates separation of streams like food, paper/card, and plastics at non-domestic . This has prompted skip hire providers to offer specialized compartments or multiple bins for segregated collection, reducing contamination and boosting rates from commercial sources, where historical practices often mixed recyclables with general . In response to these rules, services now emphasize compliance audits and eco-friendly disposal, contributing to the UK's target of diverting more from landfills amid rising enforcement against fly-tipping. In the mining industry, a skip functions as a robust, wheeled or bucket-like specifically engineered for hoisting and materials vertically or along inclined shafts from workings to the surface. This equipment traces its origins to 19th-century mines, where it evolved from simpler carts like the "skep" to facilitate efficient bulk in deepening shafts, replacing manual or animal-powered methods with mechanized systems. Early skips were essential in and North operations, enabling miners to load and elevate heavy loads amid hazardous conditions, though initial designs lacked advanced safeguards. Modern skips retain this core purpose but incorporate enhanced engineering for deeper mines, often featuring capacities of several tonnes and integration with automated hoisting systems. Safety remains paramount in contemporary mining skips, with features like hydraulic or pneumatic emergency designed to halt rapidly during failures, mitigating risks in high-inertia hoisting scenarios. These , often combined with dynamic electrical systems and governors, comply with standards from bodies like the , ensuring controlled stops even under full load. Such advancements have significantly reduced accident rates in operations, where descending skips pose the greatest hazards, allowing for reliable transport in operations worldwide.

Sports Positions

In the sport of , the skip serves as the team captain, responsible for directing overall , calling , and guiding the of stones by teammates. The skip typically throws the last two stones of each end and positions themselves in the —the target area at the far end of the sheet—holding a to indicate the precise line and for incoming stones, thereby aiding throwers in aligning their . This role has been integral to since its development in 18th-century , where the sport emerged on frozen ponds and lochs, evolving into organized play with team captains overseeing tactics amid the game's early club formations. In lawn bowls, the skip functions as the third and final player in a team of fours, acting as the primary tactician who delivers the last bowls of each end and determines the optimal shots based on the head—the cluster of bowls around the jack. Positioned at the head end, the skip assesses the layout, communicates instructions to teammates on shot selection and line, and ensures compliance with rules such as the order of play outlined in the Laws of the Sport of Bowls, which mandate that skips bowl after the thirds. The skip's emphasis lies in strategic positioning to maximize points, drawing from the sport's formalized international standards governed by World Bowls, the recognized federation since its founding in 2001 as a merger of prior bodies. While both roles involve leadership and decision-making in team-based precision sports, the responsibilities differ notably: the curling skip focuses on dynamic calls for sweeping to influence stone travel on ice and rarely sweeps themselves, prioritizing real-time adjustments to speed and curl, whereas the lawn bowls skip concentrates on static head analysis and bowl placement on grass without any sweeping element, aiming to encircle the jack for scoring advantage. Notable examples include , the Canadian curling skip who led her team to Olympic gold at the 2014 Sochi Games, achieving a perfect 11-0 record and establishing her as one of the sport's most accomplished tacticians.

Computing Concepts

A is a probabilistic that serves as an alternative to balanced binary search trees for maintaining a sorted collection of elements, enabling efficient search, insertion, and deletion operations. Invented by William Pugh in 1989, it consists of multiple layers of sorted linked lists, where each node in the bottom-level list has a random number of pointers to higher levels, allowing traversal to "skip" over elements for faster access. This layered structure achieves an expected search time complexity of O(\log n) on average, where n is the number of elements, by probabilistically selecting node heights such that higher-level lists act as express lanes, reducing the expected number of nodes visited during a search to approximately \log_{1/p} n + 1/(1-p), with p typically set to $1/2. The construction of a relies on random height assignment for each , where the is determined by repeatedly a (with probability p) until failure, capping the maximum at a predefined level (e.g., for lists up to $2^{16} elements). During insertion, first searches for the correct position by descending from the highest level, tracking predecessors in an update array; a new 's is then randomly generated, and it is spliced into the appropriate levels without rebalancing the entire . Deletion similarly involves to locate the , updating the predecessor pointers across levels to bypass it, and optionally reducing the maximum level if the tallest are removed. These operations maintain probabilistic , ensuring the distribution approximates a , with the probability of significant imbalance being extremely low (less than 1 in a million for lists exceeding 250 elements). Compared to balanced trees like AVL or red-black trees, skip lists offer simpler implementations with fewer constant factors in practice—empirical benchmarks from the original work show search times of 0.051 ms versus 0.046 ms for non-recursive AVL trees, while requiring only about 1.33 pointers per node versus the additional balance in trees—though they trade worst-case guarantees for expected performance. In , skip lists have been widely adopted; for instance, has used them since version 1.2 in to implement sorted sets, combining a for O(1) element lookup with a for O(\log n) queries and ordered traversal, which proves efficient for operations like ZRANGE that traverse the structure sequentially. By 2025, skip lists continue to play a key role in indexing, particularly in lock-free and concurrent environments; a comprehensive survey highlights their use in database systems like MemSQL for primary indexing and in applications such as enhanced append-only skip lists for sublinear in distributed ledgers, leveraging their simplicity and adaptability for high-throughput indexing without the overhead of tree rotations.

Audio and Media Playback

In analog audio playback, refers to an interruption where or jumps, causing the reproduction to advance or repeat unexpectedly. This phenomenon was prevalent in phonographs since the , when records were common, and persisted with the introduction of long-playing records in 1948, often due to needle jumps from scratches, dust accumulation, or excessive tracking force that dislodged from the groove. Similarly, in cassette tapes during their peak from the to the , skipping arose from tape snags or wrinkles that bound the medium during transport, leading to abrupt halts, screeching, or forward jumps in playback as the pinch roller and capstan struggled to maintain tension. These mechanical vulnerabilities made skips a frequent complaint in consumer until the shift to formats. The transition to in the 1980s introduced new forms of skipping tied to data read errors rather than purely mechanical issues. In (CD) players, skips occurred as audible glitches or jumps when the failed to accurately read pits due to surface defects like scratches, resulting in uncorrectable data bursts despite the disc's rotational speed of 200-500 RPM. For portable players, such as Apple's original launched in October 2001 with a 5 GB mechanical hard disk drive (HDD), skipping manifested as buffer underruns or playback stutters, exacerbated by physical shocks that caused the HDD read head to lose position, interrupting the stream of compressed audio files. These early digital devices prioritized portability but inherited fragility from HDD mechanics, leading to skips during movement, unlike flash-based successors. To mitigate skipping, error-correcting technologies were integral to digital audio standards. employed Reed-Solomon codes, a block-based error correction method developed in , which added parity symbols to data frames, enabling decoders to correct up to 3 symbol errors (or more with erasures) per 16-symbol block and handle burst errors up to about 3.8 mm in length through interleaving. In contemporary streaming services like in 2025, skips primarily stem from network latency-induced buffer underruns, where delays in data delivery—often exceeding 100 ms on congested connections—deplete the prefetch , causing brief pauses or jumps during playback of high-bitrate tracks. and larger buffers have reduced but not eliminated these issues in bandwidth-variable environments.

References

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    Curling 101: Glossary - NBC Olympics
    Jul 16, 2025 · Skip: The leader of a curling team. He directs the team's strategy and shot selection and typically holds a broom as a target for the other ...
  2. [2]
    Intro to Curling — USA CURLING
    The skip is in charge of directing the sweepers in how to sweep so that they can best influence the path of the stone.
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