Fact-checked by Grok 2 weeks ago

Streamer

"Streamer" is an ambiguous term with multiple meanings across various fields. This article covers its principal uses, including decorative and festive items, atmospheric and weather phenomena, and applications (such as personalities and delivery), and devices/protocols, and miscellaneous contexts like equipment and indicators. In and , a prominent modern use refers to a live streamer, an individual who broadcasts live audio and video over the to an audience in real time, often using platforms such as , , or Facebook Live for interactive engagement via chat, emotes, and donations. This practice emerged in the early , evolving into a major medium fostering parasocial relationships. Live streaming gained traction with gaming platforms like , acquired by in 2014 for $970 million. The boosted growth, with viewership up 67% year-over-year in 2020. As of 2025, the global live streaming market was valued at approximately USD 113 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow by USD 20.64 billion from 2025 to 2029. In the U.S., the market reached USD 38.14 billion in 2024. Streamers cover categories like gaming, Just Chatting, creative arts, and content, with gaming dominant. Monetization includes subscriptions, donations, sponsorships, and ads. Beyond entertainment, it influences and communication.

Decorative and festive uses

Party decorations

Streamers, in the context of party decorations, are defined as long, narrow strips of colored material, typically 1 to 2 inches wide and several feet long, designed to be hung, draped, or thrown to create a festive atmosphere. These lightweight ribbons evoke joy and celebration by fluttering in the air or cascading from ceilings and doorways. The use of streamer-like decorations traces back to ancient and cultures, where they were used for religious and ceremonial purposes, and later to European festivals such as celebrations, where ribbons were braided around maypoles to symbolize and the arrival of , a with in pre-Christian pagan rituals. By the , these evolved into modern party supplies, with crepe paper developed in by the 1860s and commercialized in the in the 1890s, providing an affordable, crinkled material ideal for mass-produced decorations. This shift marked streamers' transition from symbolic ritual elements to ubiquitous festive accessories in celebrations. Common materials for party streamers include crepe paper, valued for its elasticity and vibrant dye absorption; metallic foil for a shimmering effect; and mylar, a durable polyester film that holds shape well. Manufacturing begins with producing crepe paper via the creping process, where a wet paper sheet is pressed against a steam-heated Yankee dryer cylinder and scraped by a doctor blade to form wrinkles, imparting stretch and texture. The creped sheet is then dyed, die-cut into narrow strips using rotary blades, and rolled onto spools for distribution, ensuring uniformity for easy unrolling at events. Streamers are widely used in birthdays to frame cake tables or photobooths, creating colorful backdrops that enhance thematic joy; in weddings, they drape aisles or arches for an elegant cascade; and on , where varieties are thrown to mark midnight transitions. In sports events, cannons deploy bursts of streamers to celebrate victories, showering athletes and crowds in team colors for heightened excitement. Unlike fixed banners for , streamers provide dynamic, disposable flair focused on immediate visual impact. Traditional plastic and foil streamers contribute to environmental concerns, as non-biodegradable materials persist as litter and , harming and waterways after events. In response, biodegradable alternatives made from cellulose-based papers emerged in the 2010s, and as of November 2025, their market has grown with increased adoption due to regulations like bans on non-biodegradable in regions such as parts of and the U.S., dissolving in water and breaking down naturally to minimize waste. These eco-friendly options, often used in confetti cannons, allow celebratory effects without long-term ecological damage.

Banners and signage

Streamers, in the context of banners and signage, refer to elongated fabric or displays designed to convey printed text, , or for and informational purposes, typically suspended horizontally from ceilings or vertically from poles or walls. These displays often feature a series of connected triangular pennants, metallic , or continuous strips, providing a dynamic visual effect through movement or layering. Such streamers have been employed in promotions, political campaigns, and event signage since the early , particularly at shows where they served as eye-catching announcements for product launches and exhibitions. For instance, automobile dealerships and grand openings commonly use them to highlight sales events, drawing attention from passing traffic. Construction of these banners involves durable materials like 8-mil opaque or PVC , reinforced with double along edges and heavy-duty headers for secure attachment. Grommets are typically installed every 19 to 36 inches along the hems to facilitate hanging with ropes or hooks, while weather-resistant UV inks ensure longevity outdoors. Advancements in since the early 2000s have enabled high-resolution customization, allowing for vibrant, fade-resistant graphics produced via large-format inkjet processes on PVC substrates. Variations include wind streamers, which are feather-like or pennant-style flags engineered to flutter in breezes for enhanced outdoor visibility at events or storefronts. In construction settings, they function as safety signage, displaying warnings or directional instructions on reinforced vinyl to guide workers and comply with site protocols. Regulatory standards for public spaces emphasize visibility, with guidelines like those from the International Sign Association recommending legibility based on letter height (e.g., 5-inch letters readable from at least 50 feet using high-contrast colors and bold fonts), though requirements vary by jurisdiction. Durability is mandated through materials resistant to wind loads up to 50 mph and UV exposure for 5–12 years, with cast PVC vinyl recommended for extreme weather to prevent tearing or fading. Compliance with local zoning codes, such as those in Houston limiting temporary banner durations to specific periods like 180 days for certain permits, ensures safe installation without obstructing views.

Atmospheric and weather phenomena

Lightning and electrical discharges

Streamers in and electrical discharges are filamentary channels composed of ionized air molecules that propagate rapidly through the atmosphere, serving as precursors to more intense discharges such as leaders and return strokes. These channels form branching, tree-like structures that extend bidirectionally—positive streamers propagating toward the (electron sink) and negative streamers toward the (electron source)—facilitating the connection between charged regions in thunderclouds and the ground during thunderstorms. In the context of cloud-to-ground , streamers initiate from the tips of stepped leaders, creating a of luminous branches that bridge the gap between oppositely charged areas, ultimately enabling the full lightning discharge. The physical process begins with the initiation of electron avalanches, where ambient free electrons in a sufficiently strong electric field (typically exceeding 10^6 V/m in air) gain energy and collide with neutral molecules, producing additional ionizing electrons in a cascading manner. This avalanche amplifies the electron density until it reaches a critical value, forming a self-sustaining ionization front with enhanced electric field at the streamer head due to space charge effects. The propagation velocity of the streamer can be approximated by the relation v \approx (\mu E - D/(\mu E))^{1/2}, where \mu is the electron mobility, E is the electric field strength at the head, and D is the diffusion coefficient, reflecting the balance between drift, diffusion, and ionization processes that drive the front forward. Positive streamers, which propagate against the electron drift direction, typically achieve higher velocities (up to $10^6 m/s) and longer branches compared to negative streamers, playing a dominant role in initiating positive lightning flashes from the cloud's upper positive charge regions. Observation of streamers has relied on advanced imaging techniques, including such as the Boys rotating camera, which first captured their branched in natural during by B.F.J. Schonland and colleagues, revealing velocities and step lengths in the leader process. Modern methods employ intensified (ICCD) cameras for sub-microsecond resolution of light emissions and to visualize density gradients and shock waves associated with streamer propagation in both natural and laboratory settings. These techniques have confirmed streamers' role in lightning initiation, where they form envelopes around leaders, with propagation speeds reaching $10^5 to $10^6 m/s in tropospheric conditions. Laboratory simulations replicate streamer behavior using spark gaps and high-voltage generators to study controlled discharges in air at , providing insights into branching patterns and velocity dependencies on field strength. These experiments, often combined with fluid and models, validate theoretical predictions and highlight differences between positive and negative streamers, such as the former's greater stability and branching efficiency. Recent studies in the 2020s indicate that may increase streamer frequency indirectly through enhanced thunderstorm intensity and activity, driven by warmer atmospheres producing more convective available potential energy and formation, with a projected increase of 18.4% per of in the global lightning flash rate.

Auroral and ionospheric formations

Auroral streamers are transient, ribbon-like structures within auroral displays, characterized as narrow, north-south aligned layers of light that often propagate equatorward from the poleward edge of the auroral oval. These formations arise when charged particles, primarily electrons precipitated from the , collide with and excite atoms in Earth's upper atmosphere, prompting oxygen and to emit photons upon returning to their ground states. Unlike broader auroral curtains, streamers represent localized, dynamic features tied to magnetospheric instabilities. The formation of auroral streamers begins with interactions between the and Earth's , which distort the and generate field-aligned currents along geomagnetic field lines. These currents accelerate electrons through pitch-angle , directing them toward the where they precipitate and produce the visible emissions. This process is most active during substorms, when bursts of energy from the magnetotail enhance particle fluxes, leading to the structured appearance of streamers as tracers of flows. Common types of auroral formations include rayed arcs, where stable arcs develop fine, vertical striations resembling beams or rays due to intensified precipitation along field lines, and pulsating patches, which manifest as irregular, equatorward-shifting areas that rhythmically brighten and dim every few seconds. These phenomena are predominantly observed in polar regions, such as the Arctic and Antarctic, with dominant colors including green emissions from atomic oxygen at 557.7 nm altitude and red hues from nitrogen molecule excitations. Similar plasma physics principles underlie the electron acceleration in auroral streamers and lightning discharges, though the former involves magnetospheric-scale processes. Ancient cultures documented auroral displays, including streamer-like features, as early as 652 BCE in Assyrian astronomical records, often interpreting them as omens or celestial battles. Modern monitoring advanced with the launch of NASA's THEMIS satellites in 2007, which have provided multi-point observations of magnetospheric dynamics driving auroral substorms and streamer propagation. In the 2020s, research has emphasized streamers' role in space weather forecasting, linking their equatorward surges to geomagnetic storms triggered by coronal mass ejections during solar cycle 25's peak in 2025, enhancing global auroral visibility and informing models of magnetotail reconnection.

Entertainment and media

Live streaming personalities

Live streaming personalities, often referred to as streamers, are content creators who broadcast real-time video content over the , engaging audiences through , casual conversations, interactive challenges, and community discussions on platforms such as , , and . These individuals typically perform unscripted shows, fostering direct viewer via features, polls, and on-stream collaborations, which distinguishes their work from pre-recorded content. The popularity of personalities surged in the , driven by the growth of dedicated platforms and accessibility. , originally launched as in 2007 and rebranded in 2011, became a central hub for gaming-focused streams, attracting 20 million monthly visitors by 2012. A pivotal milestone occurred in 2014 when acquired for $970 million, providing resources for expansion and solidifying its dominance in the sector. This acquisition fueled further innovation, with viewership exploding during the in 2020, as global restrictions on physical gatherings shifted entertainment online; alone saw peaks exceeding 1.8 billion hours watched in monthly aggregates amid the pandemic. Notable streamers have exemplified diverse career trajectories, often transitioning from hobbyists to full-time professionals. Tyler "Ninja" Blevins, for instance, gained massive fame in 2018 through his streams, culminating in a record-breaking session in March where he played with celebrities like , drawing over 600,000 concurrent viewers and propelling him to 11 million followers. Starting as a player in the early , Ninja's career evolved through consistent streaming and participation, highlighting how viral moments can accelerate success. Similarly, Imane "Pokimane" Anys built her career on , beginning to stream in 2013 while studying at , eventually dropping out to pursue streaming full-time. 's approach emphasized building loyal audiences via relatable banter and values-aligned content, growing her to one of 's top female creators with millions of subscribers. Monetization for these personalities relies on platform-specific tools, including subscriptions where viewers pay monthly fees (typically $4.99) for exclusive perks like emotes and badges, donations through direct transfers or third-party services, and —a on where each Bit equates to $0.01 for the streamer when viewers "cheer" in chat. Top earners like reportedly generated millions annually from these streams during Fortnite's peak, combining them with sponsorships and merchandise. Despite the rewards, live streamers face significant challenges, including from grueling schedules—often 40+ hours weekly—and the pressure to maintain constant , as highlighted in reports of strains among full-time creators. in viewer chats, including and doxxing, exacerbates these issues, particularly for women and marginalized groups. In the 2020s, regulations have intensified around streams, with implementing a 2022 ban on unlicensed content following backlash over its normalization among young audiences, leading some creators to pivot or face penalties. trends show progress, with female streamers rising to about 10% of Twitch's top 1,000 in 2023, alongside increasing visibility for creators through inclusive tagging and community initiatives, though underrepresentation persists. These personalities have profoundly influenced and virtual events by bridging professional competitions with casual viewership; co-streaming by influencers accounted for 44% of esports hours watched in 2024, or 1.2 billion hours, democratizing access to tournaments. reported approximately 140 million monthly users in 2023, underscoring streamers' role in sustaining platform growth and enabling hybrid virtual experiences during global disruptions.

Streaming media and content delivery

Streaming media refers to the continuous transmission of audio and video content over the , enabling real-time playback as data arrives, in contrast to traditional downloading where the entire file must be retrieved before consumption begins. This on-demand or live delivery relies on specialized protocols such as (Real-Time Messaging Protocol), which supports low-latency live broadcasts through persistent server connections, and (HTTP Live Streaming), which segments content into downloadable chunks for broader device compatibility and adaptive playback. The origins of streaming media trace back to the 1990s, when RealNetworks introduced pioneering tools like RealPlayer and protocols including RTMP and RTSP, marking the shift from dial-up downloads to accessible online playback. This foundation evolved with Netflix's 2007 launch of video-on-demand streaming, transforming it from a DVD rental service into a dominant platform for instant content access. Audio streaming gained prominence around the same period, exemplified by Spotify's 2008 launch, which popularized subscription-based music delivery without ownership. Technically, streaming employs buffering, where incoming data is temporarily stored in to compensate for fluctuations and prevent interruptions during playback. further enhances reliability by dynamically switching between multiple quality levels—such as 500 Kbps for lower resolutions or 4-8 Mbps for —based on detection, minimizing while optimizing viewer experience. recovery mechanisms, including and selective retransmissions, address data dropouts common in IP networks without halting the stream, ensuring smoother delivery for both live and on-demand scenarios. Applications span video-on-demand services like for personalized viewing, internet radio platforms such as that broadcast live audio stations globally, and real-time event coverage for sports or concerts via protocols like RTMP. Live streaming personalities leverage these methods to engage audiences in interactive broadcasts. The industry has seen explosive growth, with the global video streaming market projected to reach $157 billion in 2025, driven by increased adoption of mobile and over-the-top services. Legal frameworks shape streaming's landscape, including the of 1998, which grants online platforms safe harbor from liability for user-uploaded infringing content provided they promptly remove violations upon notice. Net neutrality debates, particularly in the U.S., center on preventing internet service providers from throttling or prioritizing streaming traffic, with the Federal Communications Commission's 2015 rules aiming to ensure equal access before their 2017 repeal sparked ongoing contention over content delivery fairness. In the 2020s, 5G advancements have revolutionized mobile streaming by offering ultra-low latency under one second and bandwidths up to 10 Gbps, enabling high-definition live feeds from handheld devices without traditional infrastructure constraints.

Electronics and computing

Hardware streaming devices

Hardware streaming devices, commonly referred to as or streaming sticks, are compact gadgets designed to connect traditional televisions to the , facilitating access to video content through dedicated applications and services. The Streaming Player, launched in May 2008, marked the debut of such hardware, initially developed as a from to provide a dedicated platform for without relying on or satellite infrastructure. entered the market with the Fire TV in April 2014, emphasizing integration with its and Prime Video ecosystem to deliver app-based streaming directly to users' living rooms. These devices typically feature connectivity for plug-and-play installation to TVs, support for high-resolution formats such as Ultra HD, and built-in voice assistants like or for hands-free navigation and control. By the , advancements in processing power and software enabled these features to evolve in tandem with the proliferation of smart televisions, which increasingly embedded similar streaming functionalities to streamline user setups and reduce hardware dependency. Prominent brands dominate the market, including Roku with its versatile lineup of players, Amazon's Fire TV sticks and cubes tailored for affordability and ecosystem lock-in, Google's —introduced in July 2013 as a low-cost pioneering screen-mirroring (discontinued in 2024 and succeeded by the Streamer launched in September 2024)— and , which leverages the company's ecosystem for cross-device continuity and premium app support, along with the Streamer as the current Google offering. These devices are compatible with various software protocols to ensure seamless data flow from cloud-based streaming services to the display. Adoption has surged globally, with reporting over 250 million Fire TV devices sold by late 2024, while achieved over 90 million active streaming households as of 2025, underscoring their role in shifting consumer habits toward . Integration with (IoT) networks has further expanded their utility, enabling whole-home streaming setups where content synchronizes across multiple screens, speakers, and smart displays for unified entertainment experiences. As of 2025, emerging trends focus on AI-driven enhancements, such as personalized content recommendations powered by to curate watchlists based on viewing history, alongside heightened concerns regarding the extensive these voice-enabled, always-online devices perform to fuel such features.

Software and data streaming protocols

Software and data streaming protocols encompass standardized methods and frameworks designed for the continuous, sequential transmission and processing of data in networked computing environments, enabling efficient handling of real-time information flows. These protocols support applications ranging from event-driven architectures to interactive communications by breaking data into streams that can be published, subscribed to, and processed dynamically. For instance, Apache Kafka serves as a distributed event streaming platform that facilitates high-throughput, fault-tolerant real-time data pipelines for processing and integration tasks. Similarly, WebRTC enables peer-to-peer delivery of audio, video, and arbitrary data streams directly between endpoints, bypassing centralized servers for low-overhead interactions. At the core of many streaming implementations lie transport protocols such as and , which balance trade-offs between reliability and performance. operates in a connection-oriented manner, ensuring ordered delivery, error correction, and retransmission of lost packets, which guarantees but incurs higher and overhead due to its acknowledgment mechanisms—making it preferable for non-time-sensitive streams where completeness is critical. , conversely, employs a connectionless approach that delivers packets expeditiously without reliability guarantees, allowing for faster transmission at the expense of potential or reordering, which suits latency-sensitive scenarios like live data feeds. In bandwidth-constrained streaming contexts, the fundamental limit on achievable throughput is described by the Shannon-Hartley theorem: T = B \log_2 (1 + \text{SNR}) where T represents the maximum in bits per second, B is the available in hertz, and SNR denotes the ; this formula quantifies the theoretical upper bound for error-free transmission over noisy channels. These protocols find extensive application in ecosystems, infrastructures, and processing. , developed at BackType and open-sourced by in 2011, provides a distributed framework for computation on continuous , supporting topologies that process unbounded inputs with exactly-once semantics. In environments, Amazon Kinesis offers a managed service for ingesting, buffering, and analyzing from diverse sources, scaling to handle terabytes per day with sub-second latencies. For live video encoding, protocols like the (RTSP) manage the setup, playback, and teardown of sessions, coordinating transport over or for synchronized delivery. Such systems power hardware streaming devices by supplying the foundational transport and processing logic. The evolution of these protocols began in the late 1980s with the advent of , standardized in RFC 1112, which introduced efficient group communication for one-to-many data dissemination, enabling early multicast-based streaming over research networks like the Mbone. This foundation supported initial video and audio broadcasts but faced deployment challenges in wide-area networks. Advancing into the , edge computing paradigms have gained prominence, distributing processing to proximate nodes for ultra-low-latency streaming, minimizing round-trip times in applications like and autonomous systems by co-locating computation with data generation. Security in streaming protocols incorporates robust features to protect and , particularly against interception and unauthorized use. Digital Rights Management (DRM) standards, including Microsoft's and Google's , enforce licensing and playback restrictions through device-specific keys and secure media paths, preventing circumvention in licensed content delivery. Complementary employs the (AES), often in 128-bit key configurations, to symmetrically cipher streaming payloads during transit, ensuring confidentiality via block-based transformations as defined in FIPS 197. In IoT contexts, however, scalability poses significant challenges, as proliferating devices demand lightweight and rotation mechanisms to maintain overhead below network constraints, while defending against distributed denial-of-service attacks on high-velocity streams without centralizing vulnerability points.

Miscellaneous uses

Fishing equipment

In fly fishing, streamers are artificial lures characterized by their long, flowing profiles, typically featuring feathers for the body and or synthetic tails to imitate the undulating movement of baitfish such as minnows, leeches, or sculpins. These wet flies are sunk subsurface and retrieved to provoke aggressive strikes from predatory fish, distinguishing them from smaller imitations of . Streamer design centers on hooks in sizes 4 to 12, which accommodate the fly's elongated while ensuring sufficient strength for larger ; common materials include buoyant for heads and bodies to create a lifelike , along with metallic flash accents for added allure. Tying techniques for these flies evolved from 19th-century wet fly patterns, where anglers hand-wrapped feathers and on eyed hooks to replicate submerged prey, laying the foundation for modern streamer construction. Primarily employed in targeting and , streamers are fished using varied retrieves—such as steady strips, jerks, or pauses—to simulate fleeing or injured baitfish and trigger pursuit. A seminal example is the Muddler Minnow, invented by American angler Gapen in 1936 as a imitation using spun deer hair for a bulky, mottled profile that displaces water effectively during retrieves. Regional variations reflect local prey and traditions: North American styles often emphasize hairwing designs like bucktails for durability in fast currents, while patterns favor featherwings with softer profiles suited to subtler presentations in chalk streams. In rivers, streamers excel by leveraging natural currents for erratic drifts that mimic disoriented forage, whereas in stillwaters, active hand-twitches prove more effective to draw fish from deeper holds. Since the , modern adaptations have incorporated UV-reflective resins and fibers into streamer materials to enhance underwater visibility, mimicking the natural of baitfish scales and improving strike rates in low-light conditions. Additionally, environmental regulations have prompted sustainable sourcing practices, such as using farmed or synthetic alternatives to wild feathers and hairs, reducing impacts on bird populations and promoting ethical production in fly tying.

Aviation and fluid dynamics indicators

In aviation and fluid dynamics, streamers serve as simple, lightweight visual indicators consisting of ribbons, tapes, or threads attached to structures, probes, or test models to reveal patterns, direction, and relative speed. These devices, often made from materials like crepe paper, yarn, or , align with the local due to their low mass and high , providing immediate qualitative on aerodynamic behavior without complex . By observing the and deflection of the streamer, engineers and pilots can assess attachment, separation, or around wings, struts, or fuselages. Historically, streamers were employed in early 20th-century designs to study airflow during flight tests, as seen in Samuel Franklin Cody's Aeroplane No. 1 (1908), where they were affixed to wing struts to trace air paths and inform design refinements. This approach predated modern s and allowed real-time observation of aerodynamic effects on open-aircraft rigging and control surfaces. In contemporary applications, streamers remain valuable in testing for hobbyists and researchers, experiments to map transitions, and operations to gauge launch-site wind conditions and glider trim. For instance, paraglider pilots attach colorful streamers to risers or harnesses to detect subtle or gusts, enhancing takeoff safety. The underlying physics of streamer behavior relies on the balance between aerodynamic and any lateral forces, governed by the F_d = \frac{1}{2} \rho v^2 C_d A, where \rho is density, v is , C_d is the (typically high for flat ribbons, around 1.0-1.2), and A is the . Deflection angles \theta arise when cross-flow components cause the streamer to trail at \tan \theta \approx \frac{v_y}{v_x}, where v_y and v_x are and velocity components, respectively; this qualitative helps quantify relative speeds without direct . In settings, multiple streamers form streaklines that delineate or wake structures, aiding validation of models. In modern unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones, streamers are integrated during ground and to evaluate and in variable winds, particularly for multirotor designs where propeller interacts with ambient . Since the , similar lightweight streamer-like drogues have been deployed in for mapping subsurface currents, with holey-sock or window-shade configurations trailing from buoys to follow paths and reveal eddy circulations or zones. These hydrodynamic analogs to aerial streamers, often GPS-tracked, contribute to global circulation models by providing in-situ velocity profiles. Aviation safety standards, such as those in 14 CFR Part 101, mandate visible markers like colored streamers on mooring lines for lighter-than-air craft to prevent collisions, extending principles to visibility aids on ultralight or experimental aircraft.

References

  1. [1]
    All Aboard the Hype Train: Live-Streaming as a Strategic ...
    Nov 11, 2020 · Live streaming is when a content creator, or “streamer,” broadcasts video on a platform, for instance, the popular Amazon-owned Twitch.tv ( ...
  2. [2]
    Travel live streaming: an affordance perspective - PMC
    Mar 15, 2021 · Introduction. Live streaming has been defined as individuals (broadcasters) recording and broadcasting video in real time, enabling multi-modal ...
  3. [3]
    Live Streaming Market to Grow by USD 20.64 Billion (2025-2029 ...
    Feb 12, 2025 · Live Streaming Market to Grow by USD 20.64 Billion (2025-2029), Driven by Smartphone Penetration & Internet Access, with AI Redefining Landscape ...
  4. [4]
    All Categories - Twitch
    Watch live streams and the best highlights across Twitch categories like Just Chatting, Fortnite, Counter-Strike, League of Legends, and more.Following · Just Chatting · League of Legends · Counter-Strike
  5. [5]
  6. [6]
    The Power of Live Stream Commerce: A Case Study of How Live ...
    Additionally, it was also reported that the US live streaming market was forecasted to reach USD 11 billion by the end of 2021 and double to USD 25 billion by ...
  7. [7]
    A business model predicting the impact of live-stream marketing on ...
    Dec 22, 2022 · In short, the reasons that live streaming marketing has a significant impact on a company's stock price include emerging markets in e-commerce, ...
  8. [8]
    Streamers & Confetti: Ultimate Party Supplies for 2025 - Accio
    Rating 5.0 (170) Sep 4, 2025 · Common materials include tissue paper, crepe paper, metallic foil, plastic (PVC, PET), and increasingly, biodegradable paper or plant-based ...
  9. [9]
    No more party streamers | The Chimes
    Nov 7, 2024 · Streamers are the most pointless decorations that exist. Party streamers are considered lightweight crepe paper products.Missing: history | Show results with:history
  10. [10]
    May Day | The Early History of Heilwood
    The custom of braiding ribbons or streamers around the pole didn't become popular until the later part of the nineteenth century. The earliest record of a ...
  11. [11]
    The History of Party Streamers (Crepe Paper)
    Sep 26, 2024 · Crepe paper, named after crêpe fabric, was first introduced in the 1890s and is considered the direct predecessor of modern party streamers.Missing: definition | Show results with:definition
  12. [12]
    A Most Valuable Fabric: Crepe Paper in the Early Twentieth Century
    May 25, 2020 · Crepe paper was considered a valuable fabric for costumes, household coverings, and medical uses, with a crinkled surface, and was cost- ...
  13. [13]
    Discover How Crepe Paper is Made: Everything You Need to Know
    The creping process involves passing the sheet of paper through a steam-heated drying cylinder (Yankee) where a metal blade, known as a doctor blade, scrapes ...
  14. [14]
    Wholesale Streamer Paper - Crepe Paper Rolls
    Crepe paper rolls and base paper is a very uniform sheet that allows for color consistency when it is dyed and converted into streamers, bunting, and the like.
  15. [15]
    Ruffled Crepe Paper Streamers | Hallmark Ideas & Inspiration
    Nov 9, 2016 · Ruffled crepe paper streamers add a festive flair to any celebration. You can make these fun and frilly DIY party streamers without spending a ...
  16. [16]
    Unleashing the Power of Confetti and Streamers at Sporting Events
    Dec 8, 2023 · Each touchdown, goal, three-pointer, or homerun can be celebrated with 14" hand flick cannons filled with Flutter FETTI® confetti in the team's ...
  17. [17]
  18. [18]
    Sustainable Summer Celebrating - Huron-Clinton Metroparks
    Jul 3, 2024 · Everyone can appreciate a well decorated party, but at what cost? Streamers, confetti, and glitter are often made of plastic, which will never ...<|control11|><|separator|>
  19. [19]
  20. [20]
  21. [21]
    Streamers and Pennants - Bullseye Promotions
    Pennants & streamers, also known as pennant strings, are powerful visual cues that draw attention to your business.
  22. [22]
    Signs in Advertising : A Brief Walk Through Time - fastsigns
    Advertising signs dating back as early as 3000 BC have been found in stones and on bricks. These were used to designate where a town “crier” or “barker” had ...<|control11|><|separator|>
  23. [23]
  24. [24]
  25. [25]
  26. [26]
    Buy Construction Site Banners | High Quality, Sturdy Vinyl - Printastic
    Order customized construction site banners. Ideal for advertising, safety, and more. Hundreds of templates to choose from with our FREE online design tool.Missing: streamers techniques
  27. [27]
    Sign Visibility Guide: Tips & Best Practices (+ Chart)
    Outdoor Signage. Outdoor signs need to be larger, more durable, and well-lit to withstand weather conditions and ensure visibility from a distance ...
  28. [28]
    Types of Banners & How Long They Can Last - The Loyal Brand
    Apr 8, 2023 · Cast PVC is one of the most durable vinyl materials used for signs and banners and can last anywhere between 5 to 12 years. Factors that ...
  29. [29]
    Learn About Houston's Signs and Banners Regulations - BannerBuzz
    3.8 5.2K · 4–11 day deliveryMay 21, 2022 · Outdoor Banners. 4.52 (1645). Garner the Attention of Onlookers with Outdoor BannersAdvertising banners are durable and can withstand everyday ...
  30. [30]
    The physics of streamer discharge phenomena - IOPscience
    Streamers are the precursors of other discharges like sparks and lightning, but they also occur in for example corona reactors or plasma jets which are used for ...
  31. [31]
    High‐speed video observations of a lightning stepped leader - 2011
    Aug 25, 2011 · Using a Boys continuous moving film camera with time resolution of approximately 600 ns, Schonland et al. [1935] measured individual step ...
  32. [32]
    Analysis of light emission and Schlieren from short gap high voltage ...
    Dec 21, 2021 · Light emissions and Schlieren structures were simultaneously observed from streamers produced by tens of kilovolts 1.2/50 μs impulses.
  33. [33]
    Significant increase in graupel and lightning occurrence in a warmer ...
    Feb 16, 2024 · The global mean lightning rate increased by 7.1% from the pre-industrial period to the present day, which was attributed to increased graupel occurrence.
  34. [34]
    Live streaming platforms: 3 types & top 14 solutions in 2025 - Kaltura
    Twitch is a live streaming platform primarily focused on video game content, including esports tournaments, casual gameplay, and gaming-related talk shows.
  35. [35]
  36. [36]
    The history of Twitch.tv, gaming, livestreaming and YouTube - CNBC
    Feb 26, 2019 · In 2012, the site grew to 20 million visitors per month, and by 2014, tech giants Amazon and Google both tried to acquire the site. Today ...
  37. [37]
    Amazon's $970M acquisition of Twitch is largest in its history
    Aug 25, 2014 · Amazon announced this afternoon that it has agreed to acquire video game streaming site Twitch for $970 million in cash.
  38. [38]
    Tyler 'Ninja' Blevins's Esports Career and Achievements - MasterClass
    Mar 9, 2022 · March 2018: In March 2018, Ninja broke the record for having the most ever viewers in a single Twitch stream. Superstar hip-hop artist Drake ...
  39. [39]
    From College To Twitch Stardom: The Rise Of Pokimane - Forbes
    Sep 14, 2020 · You'll be able to enjoy yourself along the way and build a community with similar values. Consistency is key to building your channel, but ...
  40. [40]
    Pokimane Has Done Enough—and Has So Much Left to Do - WIRED
    Aug 26, 2021 · The 25-year-old Twitch star has built her life into the optimal internet content machine. Now she just wants to enjoy it.
  41. [41]
    'Ninja' Blevins: From a fast food job to millionaire Fortnite gamer
    Jan 4, 2019 · Tyler Blevins, known as Ninja, is a popular player of "Fortnite" on Twitch. At 27, professional gamer has seen enormous success: He's the most ...
  42. [42]
    Burnout turned Twitch streamers' dreams of playing games ... - NPR
    Aug 16, 2022 · Playing video games for a living sounds like a dream job. But toxic fans and demanding schedules can turn that dream into a nightmare.
  43. [43]
    Twitch plans to crack down on gambling livestreams amid backlash
    Sep 21, 2022 · Live-streaming giant Twitch on Tuesday said it will take additional steps to crack down on unlicensed gambling content on its platform after facing backlash.<|separator|>
  44. [44]
    Female Streamers Impact the Streaming Industry
    Mar 8, 2024 · In 2023, just 10% of the top 1000 streamers on Twitch were women, with YouTube and Kick not faring much better at 12% and 13% respectively. It's ...
  45. [45]
    Esports Trends in 2024: Mobile Games, Co-streaming, and Creators
    Dec 23, 2024 · In 2024, co-streaming accounted for 44% of all esports viewership – that's 1.2B hours watched! Some of the most popular co-streamers included ...
  46. [46]
    Twitch Usage and Growth Statistics: How Many People Use Twitch?
    Apr 14, 2025 · Twitch currently gets more than 240 million unique visitors every month. That's up from 55 million users in 2015.
  47. [47]
    What Is a Streaming Media Protocol?
    This article defines a streaming protocol and then discusses the relative merits of the protocols used by today's leading streaming technologies.What's A Communications... · In The Beginning There Was... · Http - Back To The Future
  48. [48]
    Video Streaming Protocols - RTMP vs RTSP vs HLS vs WebRTC vs ...
    Sep 15, 2022 · We'll bring you up to speed with a high-level look at the three main types of streaming protocols and the nine developers prefer.
  49. [49]
    History of Streaming Media | Infographic - Wowza
    Feb 21, 2023 · Online video has become second nature across every industry. And yet, the history of streaming media only dates back to the early 1990s.
  50. [50]
    Realnetworks | 25 years of streaming
    Watch Video. 2006. Spotify music service is launched. Watch Video. 2007. Netflix, a website originally created for DVD rentals and sales, begins to stream video ...
  51. [51]
    Adaptive Bitrate Streaming: What it Is and How ABR Works - Dacast
    Jul 7, 2025 · By dynamically adjusting video quality based on real-time network conditions, ABR streaming enhances playback efficiency and reduces buffering.Missing: recovery | Show results with:recovery
  52. [52]
    [PDF] A Survey of Packet Loss Recovery Techniques for Streaming Audio
    Abstract. We survey a number of packet loss recovery techniaues for streaming audio appli- cations operating using IP multicast. We begin with a discussion ...<|separator|>
  53. [53]
    TuneIn | Free Internet Radio | Live News, Sports, Music, Audiobooks ...
    Enjoy your audio exactly where, when, and how you want. TuneIn is available on hundreds of home, car, and portable devices, and works with Alexa and Google Home ...TuneIn · Stream Radio By Location · Music · Devices
  54. [54]
    Video Streaming Market Size & Share | Industry Report, 2030
    The global video streaming market size was estimated at USD 129.26 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 416.8 billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 21 ...
  55. [55]
    The Digital Millennium Copyright Act Enters a New Era
    Dec 9, 2024 · YouTube's famous copyright strike system, for example, exists because of the DMCA. One part of this law directs the United States Copyright ...
  56. [56]
    The Federal Net Neutrality Debate: Access to Broadband Networks
    A major discussion point revolves around what approach should be taken to ensure unfettered access to the internet.The 2010 FCC Open Internet... · The Order · Prioritization · Deep Packet Inspection
  57. [57]
    The Evolution of Live Streaming: From TV to 5G | SD Imaging
    Aug 11, 2025 · 5G, with its ultra-low latency and high bandwidth, is changing the game. It allows high-definition live streaming from mobile devices with near- ...
  58. [58]
  59. [59]
    How Amazon Fire TV Works - Electronics | HowStuffWorks
    Apr 25, 2014 · Amazon Fire TV was released by online retailer Amazon in April 2014 and sells for $99, the same price as the Apple TV and Roku 3 set-top boxes.Missing: devices debut<|separator|>
  60. [60]
    The Evolution of Smart TVs - From Basic to Smart Viewing
    Jun 9, 2025 · Smart TVs have evolved with enhanced features, better picture quality, and seamless integration with apps, voice controls, and smart home devices.
  61. [61]
    Chromecast - AVC
    Jul 25, 2013 · Chromecast is a HDMI dongle that you put into the HDMI port of your TV and then connect to your home wifi network.
  62. [62]
    Over 250 million Fire TVs have been sold — An increase of 50 ...
    Nov 15, 2024 · The 200 million sold figure was revealed in March last year and Amazon said in January of 2022 that it sold over 150 million Fire TV devices.
  63. [63]
  64. [64]
    Smart TV as IoT Hub: Technical Architecture for Managing Home ...
    Aug 3, 2025 · Explore the technical architecture of using a Smart TV as an IoT hub. Learn to manage and unify your entire home's smart device ecosystem.
  65. [65]
    Google TV Streamer: The Future of Entertainment - DG - Digital Guider
    Explore how Google TV Streamer redefines streaming with AI recommendations, voice control, & smart home integration. Enhance your entertainment experience ...
  66. [66]
    2025 Connected Consumer: Innovation with trust | Deloitte Insights
    Sep 25, 2025 · Gen AI concerns: Accuracy, privacy, and potential misuse. Despite its rapid adoption and overall positive perception, gen AI still raises ...
  67. [67]
    Introduction - Apache Kafka
    Jun 25, 2020 · Apache Kafka is an event streaming platform that can publish, store, and process event streams, and is distributed, scalable, and secure.
  68. [68]
    WebRTC
    It supports video, voice, and generic data to be sent between peers, allowing developers to build powerful voice- and video-communication solutions.
  69. [69]
    TCP vs UDP - Which Is Better for Streaming? - Dacast
    Jul 3, 2025 · A key decision is whether to use TCP or UDP for streaming, as each protocol affects factors like speed, reliability, and latency.What is a Protocol? · What is TCP? · What is UDP? · What is QUIC?
  70. [70]
    Shannon theorem – demystified - GaussianWaves
    Apr 23, 2008 · Shannon theorem dictates the maximum data rate at which the information can be transmitted over a noisy band-limited channel.
  71. [71]
    History of Apache Storm and lessons learned - thoughts from the red ...
    Oct 6, 2014 · In May of 2011, BackType got into acquisition talks with Twitter. The acquisition made a lot of sense for us for a variety of reasons.
  72. [72]
    Process and Analyze Streaming Data – Amazon Kinesis
    Collect streaming data, create a real-time data pipeline, and analyze real-time video and data streams, log analytics, event analytics, and IoT analytics.Data Streams · AWS Big Data Blog · Getting Started · Video Streams
  73. [73]
    RFC 2326 - Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) - IETF Datatracker
    The Real Time Streaming Protocol, or RTSP, is an application-level protocol for control over the delivery of data with real-time properties.
  74. [74]
    What's Holding Up Multicast Streaming?
    Work in multicast started in earnest in 1989, and by the early 1990's, the foundations of the current streaming industry were being laid - for multicast. The ...
  75. [75]
    Edge Computing for Low-Latency Live Streaming Services - Akamai
    Aug 29, 2024 · Optimize your live streaming service with Akamai's scalable solutions to handle unexpected traffic surges and ensure seamless, low-latency ...Missing: 2020s | Show results with:2020s
  76. [76]
    how to protect content with drm video streaming - Brightcove
    Digital Rights Management (DRM) is a process that secures digital content such as video to prevent unauthorized use and piracy of copyrighted material.
  77. [77]
    [PDF] Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
    May 9, 2023 · The AES algorithm is capable of using cryptographic keys of 128, 192, and 256 bits to encrypt and decrypt data in blocks of 128 bits. 4.
  78. [78]
    Top 10 Challenges in Scaling IoT and How to Overcome Them
    1. The Never-Ending Interoperability Struggle · 2. Data Deluge: The Avalanche You Didn't See Coming · 3. Scaling Costs: When Growth Hits Your Wallet · 4. Security ...
  79. [79]
    Fly Fishing Streamers - Everything You Need to Know - Fly Lords
    A streamer is built to imitate a “bait fish” or a smaller fish that larger fish generally like to feed on, such as sculpins and minnows. Streamer flies can also ...
  80. [80]
  81. [81]
  82. [82]
    100 - 4XL Streamer/Nymph Hook #4-12 - Dream Drift Flies
    100 hooks, Sizes 4, 6, 8, 10, 12. MFC 7008 Series; 4XL Streamer/Nymph Hook - T.D.E., Heavy wire, 4XL shank, Forged, Bronze. * Great for Leadeye and Conehead ...
  83. [83]
    Hooks for streamers | Global FlyFisher
    The 6X long hook is made on a light wire, while the 8X long is a 2X Stout wire. The bronzed finish on the hook is gorgeous, with a high gloss. Though on the ...
  84. [84]
    The Art and History of Fly Tying - Partridge of Redditch
    They were flies tied on large hooks. Many were tied in hand with no vise, and often on the river banks where the authors fished.
  85. [85]
    Passive Streamer Retrieve: Hop It and Drop It - Fly Fisherman
    Most fly fishers are used to feeling the hard jolt when a trout takes a streamer, and it takes awhile to gain confidence detecting takes with a more passive ...
  86. [86]
    Streamer Presentations - The Endless Retrieve - Troutbitten
    Mar 24, 2019 · Stripping streamers creates a series of pauses in the fly. But sometimes it's better to show trout continuous motion -- the endless ...Missing: salmon | Show results with:salmon
  87. [87]
    Gapen's Muddler Minnow | Global FlyFisher
    The idea of spinning deer hair to form a voluminous head is attributed to Don Gapen of Anoka, Minnesota in the US, and the original Muddler Minnow was tied by ...Spinning Hair · Messy Muddlers · Even MessierMissing: invention | Show results with:invention
  88. [88]
    The Kinky Muddler: Reinventing a Classic Fly - Fly Fisherman
    The Muddler Minnow is one of those archetypal fly patterns that reinvents itself each generation. While it began life as Don Gapen's sculpin imitation in ...The Kinky Muddler... · Tinkering With Success · Heads Or Tails
  89. [89]
    Vintage Streamers - Global FlyFisher
    I was asked to tie classic northeastern streamers/bucktails at the 2013 Swedish Fly Fair and chose these patterns to show a variety of styles besides the ...
  90. [90]
    North American and European fly-tying cross pollination with Barry ...
    Oct 22, 2024 · He discusses the fly patterns developed in North America that Europeans have embraced, and also details the history of some well-known and ...Missing: regional variations
  91. [91]
    Fly fishing with streamers for big trout on rivers
    Apr 27, 2025 · Streamers, on the other hand, can deliver fantastic results on rivers in the appropriate conditions.
  92. [92]
    Streamers in still water? - Maine Fly Fish
    Jul 12, 2008 · Since a lot of streamers mimic bait fish, it seems logical to try to fish them on still water, but what would be the most effective way to do it?
  93. [93]
    UV Fly Fishing Materials and Flies - Fulling Mill Blog
    Nov 29, 2021 · UV materials are very popular these days. It seems that everything from dubbing blends to silicone legs and even bucktails have a UV option.
  94. [94]
    Sustainable Fly Tying – ClassicFlyTying.net
    Sustainable fly tying involves using substitutes, buying from authorized channels, and considering personal limits on rare materials. Classic flies don't need ...
  95. [95]
    The Ethical Fly Tyer: Where do our fly tying materials come from?
    USE SYNTHETIC ALTERNATIVES.​​ There are lots of fly tying materials that make sense avoiding. For instance, there are so many different synthetic dubbing ...
  96. [96]
    Cody The British Army Aeroplane I - Their Flying Machines
    The ailerons were supported by additional struts from each wing- tip. ... The streamers are to show the path of the airflow over the machine. Note the ...
  97. [97]
    Wind Streamers - Skylark Paragliding
    Waste not! Need some wind streamers for your local site? Instead of cutting up new fabric, grab a pack of 6 streamers from your favorite shop!
  98. [98]
    Fluid mechanics - Drag, Pressure, Flow | Britannica
    Oct 27, 2025 · A fluid stream exerts a drag force FD on any obstacle placed in its path, and the same force arises if the obstacle moves and the fluid is ...
  99. [99]
    [PDF] FLOW VISUALIZATION IN WIND TUNNELS USING INDICATORS
    Smoke tunnels, which are wind tunnels designed exclusively fir flow visualization ... devoid of any condensation, while in others there were streamers of thick ...
  100. [100]
    (PDF) A new current drogue system for remotely monitoring shelf ...
    An ocean current drogue system was developed for use in the coastal zone and continental shelf region. The method features an extremely simple radiosonde device ...
  101. [101]
    14 CFR Part 101 -- Moored Balloons, Kites, Amateur Rockets, and ...
    (b) No person may operate a moored balloon or kite between sunrise and sunset unless its mooring lines have colored pennants or streamers attached at not more ...