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T2

T2 is a two-character abbreviation or designation with multiple meanings in various fields. In entertainment, it most prominently refers to ''Terminator 2: Judgment Day'', a 1991 American science fiction action film directed by James Cameron and starring Arnold Schwarzenegger.^[1] Other uses include topics in computing and technology (such as the Apple T2 security chip), medicine and physiology (such as T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging), transport, science, and more.

Computing and technology

Apple T2 security chip

The Apple T2 security chip is a system on a chip (SoC) developed by Apple Inc., serving as the second-generation custom silicon for enhancing security in Intel-based Macintosh computers. Announced on December 14, 2017, alongside the iMac Pro, it was first implemented in that device, marking Apple's evolution toward integrated hardware security solutions. The T2 chip offloads critical security and peripheral management tasks from the main Intel processor, enabling features like hardware-accelerated encryption and secure authentication while improving overall system efficiency.^[2] Key components of the T2 include a dedicated Secure Enclave coprocessor, which handles cryptographic operations such as key generation and storage using a hardware random number generator, ensuring isolation from the main system for biometric data like Touch ID fingerprints. It also integrates a custom SSD controller for on-the-fly encryption, an audio controller for processing sound signals, an image signal processor (ISP) for camera functions, and controllers for the Touch Bar and Touch ID sensors on compatible models. The chip runs BridgeOS, a lightweight operating system, and incorporates an AES hardware engine supporting 256-bit keys unique to each device (UID) or product class (GID), facilitating seamless integration with macOS for tasks like video transcoding using the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard.^[3] The T2's primary functions revolve around robust security and privacy protections. It enforces secure boot by verifying the integrity of firmware and the operating system through a hardware-rooted chain of trust, preventing unauthorized code execution. For storage, it supports FileVault full-disk encryption with APFS using AES-XTS, where the SSD controller encrypts data at line speed without impacting performance. Privacy features include hardware-level controls, such as automatically disconnecting the microphone when a MacBook's lid is closed and T2-optimized management of camera iris signals to block unauthorized access. Additionally, it limits authentication attempts by allowing only five unsuccessful Touch ID matches before requiring a password, and no more than 10 password attempts at the login screen with escalating time delays—while supporting up to five enrolled fingerprints with a 1 in 50,000 false match probability. The chip also enables hardware-accelerated tasks in macOS, such as HEVC video transcoding up to 30 times faster than software-only methods on compatible hardware.^[3]^[3]^[4] Compatible devices include the iMac Pro (2017), MacBook Pro models from 2018 to 2020 (13-inch and 15-inch), MacBook Air from 2018 to 2020, iMac (Retina 5K, 27-inch, 2020), Mac mini (2018), and Mac Pro (2019). The T2 supports Thunderbolt 3 connectivity and contributes to power efficiency by handling peripheral I/O and security offloads, reducing the load on the primary CPU. However, its integration was discontinued with Apple's transition to Apple silicon in late 2020, as subsequent M-series chips incorporate similar security features directly into the SoC. The T2 has met FIPS 140-2 Level 2 certification for cryptographic modules.^[5]^[5] The T2 chip sparked controversies regarding repairability, particularly in 2020 and 2021, due to its firmware locks and soldered components. Replacements for critical parts like the logic board, display assembly, or Touch ID board require Apple's proprietary System Configuration tool to re-pair with the T2, often inaccessible to independent repair shops without authorized Apple service accounts. This, combined with the chip's cryptographic pairing of SSD modules to the device, limited third-party repairs and raised concerns over right-to-repair issues, as highlighted in analyses of affected MacBook Pro models. Apple maintained that these measures protect user security, but critics argued they unnecessarily restricted consumer options. In response, Apple launched the Self Service Repair program in 2022, offering genuine parts, tools, and repair manuals for T2 Macs, though proprietary configuration tools remain a barrier for some independent repairs. As of 2025, right-to-repair efforts, including legislation in the US and EU, have pushed for greater access, but challenges persist.^[6]^[7]^[8]

Network and data standards

In North American telephony, the T2 line represents a digital signal level known as DS2 within the T-carrier hierarchy, designed to multiplex 96 voice channels each at 64 kbps into a single high-speed data stream. This configuration achieves an aggregate bit rate of 6.312 Mbps by combining four T1 (DS1) signals, with additional stuffing bits inserted to compensate for rate differences among the input streams. The T2 system primarily operates over twisted-pair copper wiring, enabling transmission distances up to several hundred kilometers in suitable conditions.^[9] Technical specifications for T2 include framing formats inherited from the underlying DS1 signals, such as Superframe (SF, also called D4) and Extended Superframe (ESF). In SF, 12 consecutive DS1 frames are grouped for synchronization using a fixed framing bit pattern, while ESF extends this to 24 frames, incorporating a cyclic redundancy check (CRC-6) for enhanced error detection and a 4 kbps facility data link for network management. At the DS2 level, the frame structure involves bit-interleaving the four DS1 bit streams, augmented by framing bits, signaling bits, alarm indication, and parity bits to ensure alignment and integrity across the multiplexed signal. These mechanisms support robust error monitoring, with CRC-6 in ESF calculating a checksum over the previous 24 frames to detect bit errors in real time.^[9] The T-carrier system, including T2, was developed by AT&T Bell Laboratories as an evolution of pulse-code modulation (PCM) technology for digital voice transmission, with initial T1 deployment in 1962 and T2 installations beginning around 1972 to meet growing demands for higher-capacity long-distance services. By the 1970s, T2 had become integral to AT&T's network expansion, facilitating the shift from analog frequency-division multiplexing to digital time-division multiplexing for more efficient bandwidth utilization in interoffice trunks. This development marked a key milestone in telecommunications, enabling scalable aggregation of voice and early data traffic across the continent. T2 lines found primary applications in wide area networks (WANs), private branch exchange (PBX) interconnects, and the backbones of early internet service providers, where they provided reliable multiplexing for 96 simultaneous voice conversations or equivalent data throughput. In contrast to the European E-carrier equivalent, E2, which operates at 8.448 Mbps to support 128 channels under ITU-T standards, T2's design reflected North American preferences for 24-channel DS1 building blocks rather than Europe's 32-channel DS0 groups, influencing regional interoperability challenges in global networks.^[9]^[10] Although largely superseded by fiber-optic technologies like SONET/SDH and carrier Ethernet for their superior speeds and scalability, T2 remains relevant in 2025 for maintaining legacy telecommunications infrastructure, particularly in rural or older urban deployments where upgrading to modern optical systems is cost-prohibitive. Ongoing references to T2 appear in regulatory compliance, equipment interoperability testing, and hybrid network migrations, underscoring its enduring role in backward-compatible telecom engineering.^[11]

Other computing applications

The T2 System Development Environment (T2 SDE) is an open-source, source-based build kit designed for creating custom Linux distributions and embedded systems. Forked from the ROCK Linux project in 2004, it emphasizes simplicity, decentralization, and flexibility in development, allowing users to compile tailored operating systems from source code with support for cross-compilation across architectures like x86, ARM, and RISC-V.^[12] T2 SDE includes over 3,000 packages, automated dependency resolution, and tools for optimization, making it suitable for applications ranging from high-performance clusters to carrier-grade Linux environments.^[13] In image processing software, T2-weighted algorithms are implemented to analyze magnetic resonance images, focusing on contrast based on transverse relaxation times. Open-source tools like 3D Slicer utilize these algorithms for tasks such as segmentation and reconstruction, often integrating deep learning for enhanced accuracy in feature extraction from T2-weighted data.^[14] Similarly, qMRLab provides quantitative analysis pipelines for T2 mapping in multi-echo sequences, supporting simulation and fitting models in MATLAB or Octave environments.^[15] As of 2025, T2 SDE has expanded into AI applications with the release of version 25.4, which ports the latest AMD ROCm stack to RISC-V and ARM64 architectures, enabling high-performance computing and machine learning workloads on diverse hardware platforms.^[16] This update, sponsored in part by DeepComputing, positions T2 SDE as a versatile environment for AI-accelerated embedded and server deployments.^[17]

Medicine and physiology

Magnetic resonance imaging

In nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), the T2 relaxation time represents the transverse relaxation time constant, defined as the exponential time required for the transverse component of nuclear magnetization—perpendicular to the static magnetic field—to decay to 37% (1/e) of its initial value due to spin-spin interactions among nuclei. This process primarily involves dephasing of spins from local magnetic field variations arising from molecular tumbling and dipole-dipole couplings, rather than external field inhomogeneities, which are accounted for in the related T2* parameter. T2 thus quantifies the intrinsic loss of phase coherence in the transverse plane, influencing signal decay in both NMR spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).^[18]^[19]^[18] From the Bloch equations, which describe the time evolution of magnetization under relaxation, the transverse magnetization M_{xy} follows an exponential decay given by

M_{xy}(t) = M_{xy}(0) \exp\left( -\frac{t}{T_2} \right),

where M_{xy}(0) is the initial transverse magnetization immediately after excitation, and t is time. This derivation assumes a homogeneous system without external gradients, highlighting T2 as the rate constant for irreversible dephasing. Additionally, T2 relates inversely to the full width at half maximum (FWHM) linewidth \Delta \nu of the NMR absorption spectrum via

T_2 = \frac{1}{\pi \Delta \nu},

providing a direct measure of relaxation through spectral analysis; narrower linewidths indicate longer T2 values, reflecting slower dephasing.^[19]^[20] In T2-weighted MRI, contrast arises from differences in T2 relaxation times across tissues, with fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) appearing bright due to their long T2 values (approximately 2000 ms at 1.5 T), which allow sustained transverse magnetization compared to shorter-T2 solids like white matter (around 80 ms). This effect is optimized by selecting a long echo time (TE, typically 90–140 ms), which permits substantial signal decay from tissues with brief T2, enhancing visibility of pathologies rich in free water, such as edema, inflammation, or tumors that exhibit prolonged T2 due to increased water content. The repetition time (TR) is also set long (over 2000 ms) to minimize T1 effects, ensuring T2 dominates the image weighting.^[21]^[19]^[21] T2-weighted MRI plays a key role in clinical diagnostics, particularly for identifying multiple sclerosis (MS) plaques as hyperintense lesions reflecting demyelination and edema, aiding fulfillment of McDonald criteria for dissemination in space. It also detects acute stroke through hyperintense signals in ischemic regions from cytotoxic edema, and assesses arthritis by highlighting synovial fluid effusions and joint inflammation as bright areas. Typical T2 values vary by field strength and tissue; at 3 T, white matter averages about 75 ms and gray matter 83 ms, while CSF remains markedly longer at over 2000 ms across fields, underscoring fluid-solid contrast.^[22]^[23] As of 2025, advances in quantitative T2 mapping at 3 T and 7 T scanners enable precise myelin assessment by isolating short-T2 components from myelin water, facilitating early detection of demyelination in MS and tracking neurodegeneration with higher resolution and signal-to-noise ratio than conventional imaging. These multi-echo techniques, such as myelin water imaging, provide voxel-wise T2 distributions to quantify myelin fraction, with 7 T offering superior sensitivity to subtle white matter changes. Complementing this, artificial intelligence (AI)-enhanced T2 analysis, including deep learning reconstruction with compressed sensing, accelerates acquisition by up to 78% (e.g., from 159 s to 35 s at 5 T) while preserving signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios equivalent to standard methods, enabling faster clinical workflows without diagnostic compromise.^[24]^[25]^[26]

Anatomy and tumor staging

The second thoracic vertebra, denoted as T2, is situated in the upper thoracic region of the spine, immediately inferior to the first thoracic vertebra (T1) and superior to T3, contributing to the structural foundation of the upper back.^[27] This vertebra features a heart-shaped body and a prominent spinous process directed downward and backward, with costal facets on its superior and inferior surfaces that articulate with the heads of the second and third ribs, respectively, facilitating the attachment and stabilization of the rib cage.^[28] Through these rib attachments and muscular origins such as the rhomboid minor and serratus posterior superior from its spinous processes, T2 plays a key role in supporting the shoulder girdle by providing leverage for scapular elevation and retraction during upper limb movements.^[29] In pathological contexts, T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) often reveals hyperintensities in the spinal cord or surrounding white matter at the level of T2, which can signify underlying demyelination or gliosis.^[30] These hyperintense lesions, appearing as bright spots on T2 sequences, are characteristic of multiple sclerosis (MS), where they reflect periventricular or juxtacortical plaque formation due to myelin loss and axonal damage, with lesion load correlating to disease progression.^[31] In aging populations, similar T2 hyperintensities in the thoracic spinal cord or brain white matter may indicate gliosis secondary to chronic ischemia or age-related neurodegeneration, though they are less specific and often asymptomatic unless extensive.^[32] T2-weighted scans are particularly useful for visualizing the T2 vertebra itself, highlighting its bone marrow and soft tissue interfaces to assess structural integrity.^[33] Within the TNM staging system of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition (published 2017 with minor clarifications in subsequent updates through 2023), the T2 category denotes intermediate tumor size or invasion depth across various cancers, guiding prognosis and treatment without implying distant metastasis (M0).^[34] In breast cancer, T2 specifically applies to invasive tumors greater than 2 cm but not exceeding 5 cm in greatest dimension, irrespective of skin or chest wall involvement, as determined by clinical or pathological measurement; this staging integrates with N (nodal) and M categories for overall prognostic grouping.^[35] For bladder cancer, T2 classifies muscle-invasive urothelial carcinomas that have penetrated the muscularis propria but remain confined to the bladder wall, subdivided into T2a (superficial muscle invasion) and T2b (deep muscle invasion), excluding cases with perivesical fat or adjacent organ extension; absence of distant spread (M0) emphasizes localized management options like cystectomy or trimodal therapy.^[36] These criteria, derived from histopathological examination, underscore T2's role in stratifying patients for adjuvant therapies while avoiding overtreatment of non-invasive disease.^[37] Surgical interventions targeting the T2 vertebra, such as laminectomy, involve partial or complete removal of the lamina to access the spinal canal for decompression in cases of stenosis, herniation, or tumors affecting the upper thoracic cord.^[38] This procedure at T2 level enhances visualization and relieves neural compression but carries risks including inadvertent nerve root damage, which may manifest as sensory loss, motor weakness in the upper extremities, or chronic radiculopathy due to proximity to intercostal and spinal nerves.^[39] Additional complications encompass cerebrospinal fluid leakage from dural tears, postoperative instability requiring fusion, and infection, with thoracic-specific concerns like pulmonary compromise from rib attachments amplifying recovery challenges.^[40] Intraoperative neuromonitoring mitigates nerve injury risks, yet persistent deficits occur in approximately 1-2% of thoracic laminectomies.^[41]

Toxins and hormones

The T-2 toxin is a potent trichothecene mycotoxin primarily produced by Fusarium species such as Fusarium sporotrichioides and Fusarium poae, which contaminate cereal grains under cool, moist conditions.^[42] This toxin exerts its cytotoxicity by binding to the 60S ribosomal subunit, thereby inhibiting peptidyl transferase activity and halting eukaryotic protein synthesis at the initiation stage.^[43] Acute exposure leads to severe gastrointestinal symptoms including vomiting, diarrhea, and hemorrhagic lesions in the digestive tract, alongside systemic effects like leukopenia and immunosuppression.^[44] Historically, T-2 toxin has been implicated in major outbreaks of alimentary toxic aleukia (ATA), a mycotoxicosis that affected thousands in the Soviet Union during the 1940s due to consumption of moldy, overwintered grains during wartime shortages.^[45] In the 1980s, contaminations of animal feeds with T-2 toxin caused widespread mycotoxicoses in livestock, particularly poultry and cattle, resulting in reduced feed intake, weight loss, and increased mortality across North American and European farms.^[46] The toxin's acute oral LD₅₀ in rats is approximately 5.2 mg/kg body weight, underscoring its high potency compared to other trichothecenes.^[47] In contrast, T2 also refers to 3,5-diiodothyronine, an endogenous metabolite of the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) formed through outer-ring deiodination by type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase (D1).^[48] First identified in the 1950s during studies of thyroid hormone degradation in animal tissues, T2 modulates energy homeostasis by enhancing mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and proton leak, thereby increasing basal metabolic rate and thermogenesis without the full thyromimetic effects of T3.^[49] It promotes lipid mobilization in hepatocytes and adipocytes, reducing hepatic steatosis and circulating triglycerides while sparing muscle protein catabolism.^[50] As of 2025, preclinical research highlights T2's therapeutic potential for obesity and metabolic syndrome through mitochondrial activation, with rodent models of diet-induced obesity demonstrating 10-15% reductions in body fat mass and visceral adiposity after chronic administration, alongside improved insulin sensitivity.^[51] These effects are mediated by T2's binding to thyroid hormone receptor β1 and direct interaction with mitochondrial proteins, positioning it as a candidate for anti-steatotic interventions, though human clinical trials remain limited.^[52] In endocrine oncology, T2 staging may denote intermediate tumor size in thyroid cancers, but its physiological roles predominate in metabolic contexts.^[53]

Entertainment

Films and television

Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991), directed by James Cameron, is a science fiction action film that serves as a direct sequel to The Terminator (1984). In the story, a reprogrammed T-800 cyborg (played by Arnold Schwarzenegger) travels back in time to protect the young John Connor (Edward Furlong) from the advanced liquid metal T-1000 assassin (Robert Patrick) sent by Skynet to eliminate the future resistance leader. The film explores themes of artificial intelligence, destiny, and human resilience amid a post-apocalyptic war. Produced with a budget of $100 million, it became one of the most expensive films of its era.^[54]^[55] The film's commercial success was substantial, grossing $520.9 million worldwide against its production costs, making it the highest-grossing film of 1991 and a landmark in blockbuster cinema.^[54] This achievement propelled the Terminator franchise forward, inspiring several sequels and adaptations. Key follow-ups include Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003), directed by Jonathan Mostow, which continues the narrative post-Judgment Day with a new threat from the T-X terminator; Terminator Genisys (2015), directed by Alan Taylor, featuring an alternate timeline involving a corrupted John Connor; and Terminator: Dark Fate (2019), directed by Tim Miller and produced by Cameron, which ignores previous sequels to directly extend the events of T2. In animation, the Netflix series Terminator Zero (2024) explores an alternate timeline with new characters fighting Skynet's origins.^[56]^[57]^[58] Additionally, the television series Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles (2008–2009), created by Josh Friedman, bridges the gap between T2 and a future Judgment Day, following Sarah (Lena Headey) and John Connor in their efforts to avert Skynet's rise across two seasons on Fox.^[57]^[56] A notable spin-off attraction, T2 3-D: Battle Across Time (1996), was developed by Cameron as an immersive experience for Universal Studios theme parks in Hollywood, Florida, and Japan. This 12-minute presentation blended live actors, including Schwarzenegger and Furlong reprising their roles, with 3D film sequences, animatronics, and pyrotechnics to depict a new battle against Skynet forces, serving as a non-canonical sequel to T2. The attraction, costing $60 million to produce, ran for over two decades before closing at Universal Studios Florida in 2017 and earlier at other locations.^[59]^[60] The cultural impact of Terminator 2: Judgment Day extends through its groundbreaking technical achievements, earning four Academy Awards: Best Visual Effects (Dennis Muren, Stan Winston, Gene Warren Jr., Robert Skotak), Best Sound (Tom Johnson, Gary Rydstrom, Gary Summers, Lee Orloff), Best Sound Effects Editing (Gary Rydstrom, Gloria S. Borders), and Best Makeup (Stan Winston, Jeff Dawn). These innovations, particularly the morphing T-1000 effects using CGI and practical models, revolutionized visual effects in filmmaking and influenced subsequent sci-fi productions by setting new standards for seamless integration of digital and physical elements. The film's enduring legacy in the genre is evident in its frequent citations as a pinnacle of action-sci-fi storytelling, with novelizations by Randall Frakes adapting its narrative for print audiences.^[61]^[62]^[63]^[64]

Books and literature

The T2 novel trilogy, authored by S.M. Stirling, comprises three official works published between 2001 and 2003 that extend the narrative established in the Terminator 2: Judgment Day film, focusing on the ongoing human resistance against Skynet through new characters and conflicts. The first installment, T2: Infiltrator (2001), introduces protagonists like Sarah Connor's ally Diana Black, a computer scientist who becomes integral to countering emerging cybernetic threats from the future. This is followed by T2: Rising Storm (2002), which escalates the action with intensified Skynet incursions and human countermeasures, and concludes with T2: The Future War (2003), depicting large-scale battles in a post-apocalyptic world where resistance fighters deploy advanced tactics against machine forces. These novels delve into core themes of fate versus free will, portraying characters who actively shape their destiny amid predestined apocalyptic events, a motif that underscores the trilogy's exploration of human agency in a machine-dominated future. Stirling's series emphasizes conceptual struggles between technological determinism and individual resolve, using representative examples like Diana's innovative programming efforts to alter timelines rather than exhaustive battle sequences. Comic book adaptations and extensions of the T2 storyline include Marvel Comics' three-issue miniseries Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991), written by Gregory Wright and illustrated by Klaus Janson, which directly adapts the film's key events into sequential art format. Dark Horse Comics produced subsequent Terminator sequels and related one-shots, expanding the lore with original stories involving T-1000 variants and resistance operations in the years following the movie's timeline. These prose and graphic works collectively form a significant literary extension of the T2 universe, serving as novelizations and sequels to the 1991 film.^[65]

Video games

The Terminator 2: Judgment Day arcade game, developed and published by Midway in 1991, is a light gun shooter where players control reprogrammed T-800 Terminators battling Skynet forces across future war zones and present-day Los Angeles settings.^[66] The gameplay emphasizes on-rails shooting mechanics, with up to two players using light guns to eliminate robotic enemies, collect power-ups, and engage in boss fights, including a climactic confrontation against the liquid metal T-1000 antagonist.^[67] Ports of the arcade title, retitled T2: The Arcade Game, appeared on platforms such as the Sega Genesis and PC in 1993, retaining the rail-shooter elements while adapting controls for controllers and mouse input.^[66] A separate console adaptation for the Nintendo Entertainment System, titled Terminator 2: Judgment Day and released in 1992 by LJN, shifts to side-scrolling action-platformer gameplay.^[68] Players guide the T-800 through levels inspired by the film's plot, utilizing melee combat, firearms, and occasional driving segments to protect John Connor and confront pursuers like the T-1000.^[68] The 1993 PC port of T2: The Arcade Game further expanded accessibility, offering similar shooting-focused action with enhanced visuals for the era.^[69] In modern gaming, tie-in titles continue the franchise's interactive legacy. Arcade1Up's Terminator 2 Deluxe home arcade cabinet, released in 2023, faithfully recreates the original 1991 cabinet experience with dual light guns and authentic cabinet design for collectors.^[70] Upcoming is Terminator 2D: No Fate, a new 2D side-scrolling action game developed by Bitmap Bureau and published by Reef Entertainment, scheduled for release on December 12, 2025 on PS5, Xbox Series X/S, PS4, Xbox One, Nintendo Switch, and PC, featuring co-op multiplayer modes and scenes drawn from the film's narrative.^[71]^[72] The original arcade version garnered strong praise for its immersive graphics and faithful adaptation of the 1991 film's high-stakes action, with contemporary reviews awarding it scores of up to 90% for visual fidelity and gameplay intensity.^[73] Overall, the Terminator 2 games have been noted for their blend of shooting and platforming elements, contributing to the franchise's enduring appeal in interactive media.^[66]

Music and audio

In the realm of electronic music, T2, whose real name is Tafazwa Tawonezvi, emerged as a prominent British producer in the mid-2000s, specializing in the bassline genre, a substyle of UK garage characterized by deep basslines and energetic rhythms. His breakthrough came with the 2007 single "Heartbroken," featuring vocals by Jodie Aysha, who wrote the lyrics at age 14 inspired by a personal breakup; the track samples "My Heart Cries for You" by Dinah Washington and became a defining anthem in the UK underground scene before crossing over to mainstream success.^[74]^[75] "Heartbroken" peaked at number 2 on the UK Singles Chart upon its November 2007 release and has since amassed over 78 million streams on Spotify as of 2025, underscoring its enduring popularity in club and radio play.^[76] T2's influence extended through subsequent releases that reinforced bassline's raw, street-level appeal, including the 2009 single "Come Over" and compilations like T2 Bassline Classics (2018), which highlight his production techniques blending house, drum and bass elements with emotive vocals. His work helped elevate bassline from regional pirate radio staples to certified platinum status in the UK by 2022, with "Heartbroken" earning the accolade for over 600,000 units sold or streamed. Beyond singles, T2 contributed to the genre's evolution by mentoring emerging producers and occasionally remixing tracks, maintaining a low-profile presence focused on studio innovation rather than live performances.^[77] Shifting to progressive rock, T2 was a short-lived but influential British band formed in 1970, comprising drummer and vocalist Peter Dunton, guitarist and keyboardist Keith Cross (aged 17 at the time), and bassist Bernie Jinks, all drawing from psychedelic and blues roots. Their sole studio album, It'll All Work Out in Boomland, released that same year on Decca Records, captures a raw, energetic sound blending heavy riffs, extended jams, and atmospheric textures, with flute prominently featured in tracks and bonus material like the epic 14-minute "T2" on reissues, which transitions from gentle flute-driven passages to intense guitar solos. The album's production emphasizes live-band dynamics, recorded quickly to preserve spontaneity, and it has since become a cult favorite among prog enthusiasts for its unpolished intensity and flute accents that evoke early Canterbury scene influences without overcomplication.^[78]^[79] The band's brief tenure ended after lineup changes, including replacements like Andy Gadsden on drums, but Boomland remains their high-impact legacy, reissued in expanded editions (e.g., 2021) with bonus live tracks showcasing their improvisational flair and flute harmonies in songs such as "No Time." T2's music prioritizes emotional release over technical virtuosity, influencing later heavy prog acts through its balance of bluesy accessibility and exploratory structures.^[80] In Southeast Asian pop, T2 refers to an Indonesian female duo formed in 2005, consisting of Kartika Yudia Ramlan (Tika) and Prastiwi Dwiarti (Wiwi), who blended upbeat dance-pop with local influences during their active years through 2010. Their debut album OK! arrived in 2007 via Aquarius Musikindo, featuring catchy singles like the title track that propelled them to national recognition, earning them the title of ambassadors for a youth anti-drug campaign. Follow-up releases, including Malu-Malu Dong (2008), emphasized harmonious vocals and funky rhythms, with the duo's discography highlighting empowering themes and club-friendly production tailored for Indonesian radio and TV.^[81]^[82] T2 disbanded around 2010 amid shifting pop trends, but their albums continue to circulate in compilations like Naga Dance (2011), preserving their role in early-2000s Indonesian girl group dynamics.

Sports and events

In triathlon competitions, T2 refers to the designated transition area where athletes switch from the cycling segment to the running segment, involving activities such as racking the bicycle, changing footwear, and donning running gear.^[83] This phase is governed by strict rules from World Triathlon, the international governing body, which prohibit outside assistance, including physical help from spectators, coaches, or other non-officials in handling equipment or providing support.^[83] Violations, such as receiving aid in T2, can result in time penalties or disqualification to ensure fair play in events like Olympic-distance races and Ironman triathlons.^[84] In contact sports like rugby, T2 denotes the second thoracic vertebra, located in the upper back, which is susceptible to injuries from high-impact tackles or scrums.^[85] A documented case involved a professional rugby player sustaining a T1-T2 disc prolapse due to axial loading during a tackle, leading to neurological symptoms and requiring surgical intervention.^[86] Such injuries highlight the risks in rugby union, where spine injuries occur at a rate of approximately 10.9 per 1,000 player-match hours, with thoracic spine fractures being less common at under 1 per 1,000 player-match hours, often necessitating conservative management or rehabilitation to prevent long-term impairment.^[87] Notable events involving T2 penalties occurred during the 2024 Ironman World Championship in Kona, Hawaii, where athletes served time penalties at the T2 entrance for violations like unintentional littering, typically lasting 1-5 minutes depending on the infraction severity under Ironman rules.^[88] For instance, elite athlete Gustav Iden received a 60-second penalty in T2 for littering, impacting his overall race time in the full-distance event.^[89] These penalties, served in designated tents at T2, enforce regulations on equipment handling and course conduct, with blue card violations carrying up to 5 minutes for full Ironman races in 2024.^[84]

Science and specifications

Biology and virology

The T2 bacteriophage is a double-stranded DNA virus that specifically infects Escherichia coli bacteria, belonging to the family Straboviridae, subfamily Tevenvirinae, and the genus Tequatrovirus.^[90] Discovered in the 1940s as part of the T-series phages isolated by Salvador Luria and Max Delbrück, T2 gained prominence through the 1952 Hershey-Chase experiment, which used radioactively labeled T2 particles to demonstrate that DNA, rather than protein, serves as the genetic material transmitted to host cells during infection. In this seminal study, T2 phages labeled with phosphorus-32 (in DNA) entered bacterial cells and produced progeny, while sulfur-35-labeled protein coats remained outside, confirming DNA's role in heredity. Structurally, T2 features a prolate icosahedral head measuring approximately 111 nm in length and 78 nm in width, encapsulating its genome within a protein shell composed of major capsid protein gp23 and other components.^[91] Attached to the head is a contractile tail about 113 nm long and 18 nm wide, equipped with a baseplate, short tail spikes, and six long tail fibers that facilitate host recognition and attachment.^[91] The genome is a linear double-stranded DNA molecule of 163,800 base pairs, exhibiting terminal redundancy and circular permutation, which supports efficient packaging and recombination; it encodes around 286 genes, including those for replication, capsid assembly, and host lysis.^[92] T2 follows an obligately lytic life cycle, initiating with adsorption where tail fibers bind to lipopolysaccharide receptors on the E. coli outer membrane, followed by baseplate-triggered tail contraction to inject the DNA into the host cytoplasm within seconds.^[93] Inside the cell, the viral genome hijacks host machinery for rapid replication, producing 100–200 progeny genomes through concatemer formation and rolling-circle mechanisms over 20–25 minutes at 37°C. New virions assemble via sequential head and tail formation, culminating in host lysis mediated by endolysins and holins, releasing mature phages to infect neighboring cells.^[93] As a foundational model organism in molecular biology, T2 has informed key advances in genetics and virology, including recombination mapping via Benzer's fine-structure analysis and DNA packaging studies. The T2H variant, an intronless strain with a specific host-range mutation, has been instrumental in RNA-DNA hybridization experiments to quantify viral transcription and gene expression during infection. T2's lytic nature and well-characterized infection process continue to serve as a prototype for understanding bacteriophage-host interactions, with implications for broader antiviral research.

Physics and measurements

In nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, T2 denotes the transverse relaxation time, which characterizes the decay of transverse magnetization due to spin-spin interactions among nuclei, independent of medical imaging applications. This parameter is particularly valuable for studying molecular dynamics in materials science, where it provides insights into local environments and mobility. For instance, in solid polymers, T2 values typically range from 10 to 100 ms, reflecting restricted chain motions and heterogeneous structures as measured via solid-echo pulse sequences in proton NMR.^[94]^[95] The spin-spin relaxation rate is defined as R_2 = \frac{1}{T_2}, arising primarily from dipole-dipole interactions between nuclear spins, which cause dephasing without net energy exchange with the lattice. These interactions are modulated by molecular tumbling and internuclear distances, leading to broader linewidths in spectra for rigid solids compared to solutions. In polymer analysis, variations in T2 help distinguish crystalline from amorphous phases, with shorter times indicating stronger dipolar couplings in ordered regions.^[96]^[97] Beyond materials, T2 serves as a key metric for qubit coherence in quantum computing, where it quantifies the dephasing time of spin states before information loss. In superconducting and spin qubits, achieving long T2 enables more reliable gate operations; for example, recent devices report T2 exceeding 1 ms, limited by environmental noise and spin-lattice interactions. This application underscores T2's role in scaling quantum processors, with echo techniques extending effective coherence.^[98]^[99] The related parameter T2* accounts for additional dephasing from magnetic field inhomogeneities, governed by the relation

\frac{1}{T_2^*} = \frac{1}{T_2} + \gamma \Delta B,

where \gamma is the gyromagnetic ratio and \Delta B represents local field variations. This effective relaxation time is shorter than T2 and is crucial for precise spectral resolution in heterogeneous samples.^[100]^[101] Recent advances in spintronics have leveraged T2 measurements in quantum dots to enhance electron spin manipulation for device applications. In 2024 experiments with colloidal quantum dots, spin coherence times reached 2.7 μs, approaching millisecond scales under optimized doping, enabling potential integration into spin-based memory and logic elements. Similarly, silicon quantum dot qubits demonstrated T2 values up to 803 μs, highlighting progress toward fault-tolerant quantum technologies.^[102]^[103] In broader contexts, such as viral studies via NMR, T2 informs on biomolecular rigidity, though primary focus remains on physical principles.^[104]

Engineering standards

T2 designates a high-purity copper alloy, classified under UNS C11000 or equivalent standards such as EN CW004A, consisting of at least 99.90% copper with minimal oxygen content to ensure superior formability and conductivity. This electrolytic tough pitch (ETP) copper is primarily employed in electrical wiring, busbars, and conductors where high electrical performance is critical, achieving a minimum electrical conductivity of 100% IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard) in the annealed state. Its mechanical properties include an ultimate tensile strength of approximately 220 MPa and a yield strength of around 70 MPa for annealed material, with elongation exceeding 45%, making it suitable for applications requiring ductility alongside conductivity.^[105]^[106] In tool and die making, T2 refers to a tungsten-type high-speed steel per AISI/ASTM A600 (UNS T12002), an air-hardening alloy with a composition of approximately 0.80–0.90% carbon, 17.5–19.0% tungsten, 3.75–4.50% chromium, 1.80–2.40% vanadium, and 0–1.00% molybdenum. This material is valued for its hot hardness, retaining strength up to 600°C, and abrasion resistance, commonly used in drills, milling cutters, and broaches. Heat-treated T2 steel achieves Rockwell C hardness of 62-65, with a typical transverse rupture strength of 2800 MPa, though it is less tough than molybdenum-based alternatives like M2. Its development traces back to the early 20th century, with standardization formalized by ASTM in the mid-20th century for consistent testing and quality control.^[107] In engineering, T2 can refer to ISO 2768-2 (also known as DIN ISO 2768 T2), which specifies general tolerances for geometrical features such as form, orientation, location, and run-out, with tolerance classes H (fine), K (medium), and L (coarse). This standard applies to machined parts to simplify drawing specifications and ensure interchangeability without individual tolerance indications. Standards bodies like ASTM International have historically incorporated T2 specifications since the 1950s, with ASTM B5 outlining testing methods for copper alloys including conductivity and tensile evaluations, while ASTM A600 details high-speed steels like T2 for hardness and microstructure analysis. These standards emphasize reproducible material properties through defined heat treatments and non-destructive testing.

Transport

Aviation terminals

Terminal 2 (T2) designations in aviation refer to specific passenger terminals at major airports worldwide, often serving as hubs for international flights and airline alliances. These facilities are designed to handle high volumes of traffic with modern amenities, reflecting evolving standards in air travel infrastructure.^[108] At London Heathrow Airport, Terminal 2 opened on June 4, 2014, as the dedicated base for Star Alliance member airlines, accommodating 23 carriers and processing over 15 million passengers annually, which represents nearly 20% of the airport's total traffic. The terminal features advanced security screening, retail spaces, and lounges tailored for alliance passengers, enhancing connectivity for transatlantic and European routes.^[109]^[110] Singapore Changi Airport's Terminal 2, originally opened in 1991, underwent a major expansion and refresh completed in November 2023, emphasizing a nature-inspired biophilic design with lush green walls, vertical gardens, and features like the 14-meter-tall LED "Wonderfall" digital waterfall and a dynamic "digital sky" ceiling. This upgrade incorporates sustainable elements such as natural materials in cladding and flooring, energy-efficient lighting, and landscaping that reduces environmental impact, aligning with Singapore's Green Mark certification for eco-friendly buildings. The terminal now supports up to 25 million passengers per year, with amenities including themed gardens and automated people-mover systems for seamless transit.^[111]^[112]^[113] Historically, one of the earliest Terminal 2 facilities was at Idlewild Airport (now JFK), which opened to commercial service on July 1, 1948, as New York International Airport, marking a pivotal shift toward jet-age infrastructure with initial runways and hangars built on former marshland. The specific Terminal 2 building at Idlewild debuted in 1962 to accommodate growing international demand, setting a precedent for modular terminal designs in post-war aviation expansion.^[114]^[115] By 2025, T2 terminals are increasingly integrating smart technologies, including biometric systems for facial recognition and fingerprint verification at check-in and boarding gates, with an IATA survey reporting 85% passenger satisfaction and a push toward fully mobile, touchless journeys to reduce wait times by up to 40%. These advancements, powered by AI and centralized data processing, enhance security while connecting to broader transit hubs for multimodal travel efficiency.^[116]^[117]^[118]

Rail systems

The T2 trainsets, known as TER 2N NG (Nouvelle Génération), are double-deck electric multiple units (EMUs) developed by Alstom for the Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Français (SNCF) and used primarily on suburban and regional routes in France. Introduced in the 2010s, these bilevel trains were designed to enhance capacity on high-density lines, with a top speed of 160 km/h and seating for over 600 passengers per five-car set, making them ideal for commuter services in regions like Grand Est and Île-de-France.^[119] Key specifications for T2-compatible rail vehicles in Europe include axle loads of approximately 16 tons to ensure compatibility with standard infrastructure, and electrification at 25 kV 50 Hz AC, which powers most SNCF regional lines and supports efficient energy distribution over long distances. Ongoing 2025 upgrades across European networks, such as those funded by the EU's Connecting Europe Facility, focus on extending 25 kV AC electrification to legacy diesel routes, enhancing interoperability and reducing emissions on suburban corridors like those served by TER 2N sets.^[120]^[121]

Road vehicles

In road vehicle classifications, T2 denotes specific categories and models designed for cargo, recreational, and agricultural use across different regions. During World War II, the US Army employed T2 trucks as 1.5-ton cargo vehicles, exemplified by variants in the Dodge WC series with 6x6 drive configurations for enhanced off-road mobility in combat zones. These trucks typically featured a payload capacity of approximately 1.5 tons, a wheelbase of around 11 feet, and were powered by a 6-cylinder gasoline engine producing about 92 horsepower, enabling reliable transport of supplies over varied terrain.^[122]^[123] In Australia and New Zealand, T2 refers to a popular campervan category based on Toyota HiAce conversions, limited to vehicles under 4.5 tons GVW to qualify for standard car licenses. These self-contained motorhomes, introduced in the 1980s, often include pop-top roofs for additional sleeping space, compact kitchens, and solar panels, making them ideal for off-grid travel while adhering to local road rules under the Australian Design Rules (ADR) and New Zealand's vehicle certification standards. Representative models like the Trakka Trakkadu offer 2-4 berths and diesel heating for year-round use.^[124]^[125]

Racing categories

In motorsport, the T2 designation refers to specific racing categories across various disciplines, emphasizing production-based vehicles with controlled modifications to ensure accessibility and competitive balance. The T2 class in the Sports Car Club of America (SCCA) Club Racing Touring series serves as an intermediate category for modified production cars, targeting vehicles with moderate performance potential. Eligible models include the Subaru WRX STI and similar compact performance sedans or coupes from the early 2000s onward, classified based on a performance index that balances power, weight, and handling. Rules mandate stock suspension geometry with allowances for adjustable dampers and springs, while prohibiting major chassis alterations; engine modifications are limited to bolt-ons like exhaust and intake upgrades, maintaining naturally aspirated or turbocharged setups without forced induction boosts exceeding factory levels. This setup keeps horsepower in the 250-350 range for most entrants, fostering close racing on road courses without requiring extensive fabrication.^[126]^[127]^[128] In off-road rallying, Group T2 under FIA regulations defines an entry-level division for series-production cross-country vehicles, such as SUVs and pickups with minimal changes to preserve street legality. Specifications limit modifications to safety equipment, basic suspension lifts up to 2 inches, and tire upgrades, while capping engine power through stock internals and exhaust restrictions; examples include vehicles like the Toyota Hilux or Ford Ranger, achieving top speeds around 160 km/h on rally stages. This category promotes manufacturer involvement by allowing near-stock cars to compete in events like the Dakar Rally support classes. The TA2 (Trans-Am 2) series represents another prominent T2-branded category in North American road racing, utilizing spec Chevrolet LS3 V8 engines producing 525 horsepower in silhouette-bodied muscle cars like Mustangs, Camaros, and Challengers. Preparation rules enforce identical drivetrains and chassis kits from a single supplier, with stock-like suspension and aero packages to equalize performance; the class emphasizes driver skill over mechanical advantage, attracting over 40 entries per event in the Trans-Am Series.^[129]^[130]

Other uses

Brands and products

T2 Tea is an Australian specialty tea retailer, officially registered as Tea Too, founded in 1996 in Melbourne by sisters Maryanne Shearer and Jan Sheather, who aimed to revitalize tea culture through innovative blends and theatrical in-store experiences.^[131]^[132] The brand specializes in loose-leaf teas, offering over 100 varieties including unique flavors like spiced chai and fruit infusions, alongside complementary teaware such as infusers and tins designed for aesthetic appeal.^[133] By 2019, T2 had expanded to more than 100 stores across Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, the United Kingdom, the United States, and other markets, with products also available online and in select cafes.^[134] In 2020, T2 became a certified B Corp under Unilever's ownership, emphasizing sustainable sourcing and ethical practices, before the tea division was sold to CVC Capital Partners in 2021 as part of the Ekaterra portfolio.^[135]^[136] T2 Biosystems is a medical diagnostics company specializing in rapid pathogen detection using proprietary T2 Magnetic Resonance (T2MR) technology, which identifies sepsis-causing microbes directly from whole blood without culturing.^[137] Founded in 2006 and headquartered in Lexington, Massachusetts, the company developed the T2Dx Instrument, a benchtop diagnostic platform launched in 2015, alongside panels like T2Candida for fungal detection and T2Bacteria for bacterial identification.^[138] The T2Candida panel received FDA clearance in 2014 as the first direct-from-blood test for Candida species, enabling results in 3-5 hours to guide targeted antifungal therapy and reduce sepsis mortality.^[139] Subsequent products include the T2Resistance Panel for detecting antimicrobial resistance markers, with the system adopted in hospitals for its sensitivity in low-burden infections.^[140] In December 2024, T2 Biosystems announced plans to license its T2MR technology to broaden applications in sepsis diagnostics amid ongoing commercialization efforts.^[140] In consumer appliances, T2 designates specific models in product lines from established manufacturers. For instance, Dyson's DC19T2 is an upright vacuum cleaner variant from the early 2000s, featuring ball technology for maneuverability, Root Cyclone suction, and multi-floor compatibility, including the DC19T2 Multi Floor and DC19T2 Animal editions optimized for pet hair removal.^[141] These models exemplify Dyson's emphasis on hygienic bin emptying and adjustable cleaner heads, though they represent older generations succeeded by cordless lines.^[142]

Telecommunications

T2, formerly known as Tele2 Russia, is the third-largest mobile telecommunications operator in Russia, providing voice, data, and internet services to over 48 million subscribers as of Q3 2024. Founded in 2003 as a subsidiary of Swedish Tele2 AB, it was acquired by VTB Group in 2013 and integrated with Rostelecom in 2014 to form T2 RTK Holding; the consumer brand rebranded to "t2" in September 2024. The operator's network covers 70 regions, with a focus on cost-effective services and rapid expansion in urban and rural areas since its inception, leveraging shared infrastructure agreements to achieve nationwide 4G LTE coverage by the early 2010s.)^[143] T2 began 5G trials in 2019, launching Russia's first urban 5G pilot zone in Moscow using equipment from Ericsson, achieving peak speeds of 2.1 Gbit/s. As of 2025, the operator has deployed 5G in select areas of major cities like Moscow, with ongoing expansions supported by government spectrum allocations; further widespread rollout is anticipated in 2026.^[144]^[145]^[146] In 5G NR deployments, T2 utilizes sub-6 GHz frequency bands for balanced coverage and capacity, notably the n78 band (3.4–3.8 GHz mid-band spectrum). This allocation was secured through Russian spectrum auctions, such as the 2021 tender for 3.4–3.8 GHz frequencies, enabling wide-area 5G coverage with speeds up to 1 Gbit/s in tested areas; the n71 band (600 MHz low-band) is also considered for rural extension in future auctions to improve penetration. These bands support T2's non-standalone (NSA) 5G architecture, anchored on existing 4G LTE infrastructure.^[147]^[148] Beyond terrestrial mobile networks, T2 appears in satellite communications through the EchoStar T2 (also known as TerreStar-2) satellite, launched in June 2017 by SpaceX for EchoStar Mobile. Positioned at 10° East, this geostationary satellite operates in the S-band (2 GHz) for direct-to-device mobile broadband services across Europe, Africa, and parts of the Middle East, supporting voice, data, and messaging for handheld devices without terrestrial infrastructure; while primarily for mobile satellite services (MSS), it facilitates hybrid DTH-like TV distribution in remote areas via partnerships. The satellite's design emphasizes low-power connectivity for IoT and emergency communications, with a 15-year service life.^[149]^[150] T2 telecommunications standards have evolved from early digital lines, such as the T2 carrier system in North American hierarchies providing 6.312 Mbit/s transmission, influencing modern wireless backhaul designs for 5G aggregation.^[151]

Miscellaneous

In education, T2 denotes Tier 2 within the Response to Intervention (RTI) framework, a multi-tiered approach to identifying and supporting students with learning difficulties through increasingly intensive interventions. Tier 2 interventions target small groups of students who do not respond adequately to Tier 1 core instruction, providing supplemental, evidence-based support such as skill-building sessions in reading or behavior management.^[152] These interventions are typically short-term, data-driven, and delivered in addition to regular classroom teaching to accelerate progress and prevent escalation to more intensive Tier 3 services.^[153] For instance, in academic settings, Tier 2 might involve structured small-group tutoring for foundational math skills, with progress monitored through frequent assessments to ensure effectiveness.^[154] Research indicates that well-implemented Tier 2 supports can significantly improve outcomes for at-risk students, reducing the need for special education referrals by addressing gaps early.^[155] In military contexts, T2 refers to the PT-2, an experimental motor torpedo boat prototype developed by the United States Navy in the lead-up to World War II. Built by the Elco Naval Division of Electric Boat Company and launched in 1940, the 58-foot PT-2 was part of an initial series of eight test vessels (PT-1 through PT-8) designed to evaluate fast-attack craft capabilities.^[156] Powered by two Packard engines and armed with torpedoes and machine guns, it represented early efforts to create agile, wooden-hulled boats for coastal and littoral operations, though its design highlighted challenges like stability in rough seas.^[157] The PT-2 never saw combat deployment and was reclassified as an auxiliary craft (C-6084) for training and testing at the Naval Torpedo Station in Newport, Rhode Island, influencing the evolution of the more robust 70- and 80-foot PT classes that proved vital in Pacific Theater engagements.^[158] Culturally, T2 appears in niche linguistic and recreational contexts, such as crossword puzzles where it commonly clues references to the 2017 film T2 Trainspotting, the sequel to the 1996 cult classic Trainspotting. In puzzles from outlets like The Times, T2 often prompts solvers for terms like "sequel" or actor names associated with the movie, emphasizing its role in pop culture shorthand for cinematic follow-ups.^[159] This usage underscores T2's occasional function as an abbreviated cultural marker in word games, distinct from broader digital slang adaptations.

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[71]
'The People Own It Now—Not Me': Super-Producer T2 On 16 Y...
Nov 12, 2023 · I caught up with T2 to get the full story behind “Heartbroken”, and to find out why a collab with Brit-R&B star Jorja Smith would make a whole ...
[72]
https://www.reef-entertainment.com/post/terminator-2d-no-fate-release-date-moved-to-november-26-2025
[73]
T2 Discography - Download Albums in Hi-Res - Qobuz
In 2007, T2 gained significant attention with the single "Heartbroken", featuring Jodie Aysha, which reached Number 2 on the UK Singles Chart and was ...<|separator|>
[74]
T2 - 'It'll All Work Out In Boomland' (Expanded Edition 2021)
Apr 1, 2021 · The disc closes with the epic fourteen and a half minute 'T2' which once again shows the versatility of the band with its gentle flute driven ...
[75]
Lesser-Known Gem: T2 – It'll All Work Out in Boomland
Jun 24, 2024 · This album consists of four new studio tracks and seven live recordings (of mostly old songs). The production of this album is marginally better than Second ...
[76]
T2 – It'll All Work Out In Boomland - T P A
Apr 13, 2021 · T2 starred the prodigious talents of guitar wrangler Keith Cross, and were led by drummer, vocalist, and composer Peter Dunton, both of whom, ...Missing: British | Show results with:British
[77]
T2 (Tika Tiwi AFI) music, videos, stats, and photos | Last.fm
A female pop music duo from Indonesia consisting of Tika and Tiwi, the group has released their debut album titled “OK!” in the middle of 2007.Missing: discography | Show results with:discography
[78]
https://www.psychedelicbabymag.com/2021/04/t2-itll-all-work-out-in-boomland-expanded-edition-2021.html
[79]
T2 - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
T2 adalah sebuah grup duo wanita asal Indonesia yang di bentuk pada tahun 2005. Personelnya terdiri dari Kartika Yudia Ramlan (Tika) dan Prastiwi Dwiarti ...
[80]
[PDF] World Triathlon Competition Rules
Outside assistance ... segments: swim, transition 1, bike, transition 2 and run. Semi-final. Preliminary round of an event in qualifying round format. The ...
[81]
Competition Rules | IRONMAN
For IRONMAN 70.3 events, a blue card violation will now result in a 2:00 minute time penalty, reduced from 5:00 minutes.Missing: T2 average
[82]
High thoracic disc prolapse in a rugby player: the first reported case.
Traumatic disc prolapse in the thoracic region is not common, and is rare above the T3 level. A case of a T1-T2 disc prolapse as a result of rugby injury is ...Missing: vertebra | Show results with:vertebra
[83]
High thoracic disc prolapse in a rugby player: the first reported case
Traumatic disc prolapse in the thoracic region is not common, and is rare above the T3 level. A case of a T1-T2 disc prolapse as a result of rugby injury is ...
[84]
Injury Patterns in Rugby Union—America's Fastest Growing Sport
Feb 1, 2022 · The incidence of spine injury, including cervical, thoracic, and lumbar, is 10.9 per 1000 player-match hours and 0.37 per 1000 player-training ...
[85]
Gustav Iden hopes of Hawaii repeat dented by LITTERING penalty
The man who won the IMWC the last time it was held in Kona saw his already-slim chances dented further by a 60-seconds penalty.
[86]
IRONMAN Kona: Triathlon great Gustav Iden reveals 'brutal ... - TRI247
Oct 29, 2024 · And unfortunately that trend continued – he was 20 minutes behind by T2 with a 60-second penalty for 'unintentional littering' just adding to ...
[87]
Taxonomy browser (Escherichia phage T2) - NCBI - NIH
Escherichia phage T2 ; Protein, 2,003 ; PubMed Central, 1 ; Gene, 286 ; SRA Experiments, 36 ; Identical Protein Groups, 394.
[88]
Dimensions of T4 capsid head - Bacteriophages T2 and T4
Using catalase crystals for calibration [Luftig 1968, Primary source], the dimensions of T4 heads and tails were determined to be 111X78 nm and 113X18 nm ...
[89]
Escherichia phage T2 genome assembly ASM1315086v1 - NCBI - NIH
Genome size, 163.8 kb. Total ungapped length, 163.8 kb. Number of chromosomes, 1. Number of scaffolds, 1. Scaffold N50, 163.8 kb. Scaffold L50, 1. Number of ...
[90]
Geometry of phage head construction - ScienceDirect.com
The vertical lines indicate the T-numbers of shells with the same subunit area as a T=7 procapsid of diameter 50 nm (so T=0.0028R2=0.0028/K).
[91]
Nanoscale heterogeneous structure of polyacrylonitrile-co ... - Nature
Apr 10, 2013 · To identify components with different spin–spin relaxation times, T2, in the solid-echo pulse proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) ...Missing: T2 | Show results with:T2
[92]
Dynamics of hydrogen-bonded end groups in bulk polymers ...
Jul 28, 2025 · Dynamics of hydrogen-bonded end groups in bulk polymers revealed by solid-state NMR spectroscopy relaxation dispersion experiments.
[93]
Relaxation - Chemistry LibreTexts
Jan 29, 2023 · T2 relaxation is also known as spin-spin or transverse relaxation. T2 relaxation involves energy transfer between interacting spins via dipole ...<|separator|>
[94]
Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance of polymers - ScienceDirect
T2 relaxation. First, we present some theoretical details for the analysis of time-domain 1H NMR T2 relaxation, when applied to ...
[95]
IQM Quantum Computers achieves new technology milestones with ...
Jul 15, 2024 · Qubit relaxation time of T1= 0.964 +- 0.092 milliseconds and dephasing time T2 echo 1.155 +- 0.188 milliseconds. · Two-qubit gates with a record ...
[96]
Millisecond Coherence Time in a Tunable Molecular Electronic Spin ...
The phase coherence time (τ2) and the single qubit figure of merit (QM) of superconducting and electron-spin qubits are similar - at τ2 ≈ 1 μs and QM ≈ 10-1000 ...<|separator|>
[97]
T2* vs T2 relaxation time - Questions and Answers in MRI
T2 was defined as a time constant for the decay of transverse magnetization arising from natural interactions at the atomic or molecular levels.
[98]
T2∗ mapping of hip joint cartilage in various histological grades of ...
Briefly summarized, T2∗ relaxation is related to T2 as follows: 1/T2∗ = 1/T2 + γΔB0 where γ represents the gyromagnetic ratio and ΔB0 defines the difference in ...
[99]
Enhanced spin lifetime in colloidal quantum dots by growth from ...
Mar 7, 2025 · The resulting doped CQDs demonstrate photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 70%, a spin–lattice lifetime of 22 ms and a spin coherence lifetime of 2.7 μs.
[100]
Scalable Silicon Spin Qubits Achieve Over 99% Fidelity for Quantum ...
Oct 23, 2024 · ... coherence times. According to the study, the spin coherence times in the device were measured at T1 = 6.3 seconds and T2 = 803 microseconds ...
[101]
NMR relaxation properties of the synthetic malaria pigment β-hematin
Nov 6, 2017 · The transverse relaxation rate normalised by the β-hematin concentration (in mg/mL) are given in Table 2 for our samples at 20 MHz and 60 MHz ...
[102]
C11000 Alloy - Copper.org
(2) This is a high conductivity copper which has, in the annealed condition a minimum conductivity of 100% IACS. (3) Cu value includes Ag. Min (%), 99.90. Max ...
[103]
Electrolytic Tough Pitch (ETP) Copper, UNS C11000, OSO50 ...
Metal; Nonferrous Metal; Copper Alloy. Material Notes: Good to excellent ... Tensile Strength, Yield, 69.0 MPa @Strain 0.5 %, 10000 psi @Strain 0.5 %. 65.0 ...
[104]
T2 High Speed Steel, ASTM A600 (UNS T12002)
Nov 7, 2023 · AISI T2 high speed steel is an air-hardening medium alloy tool steel that has wear resistance intermediate between the high carbon chromium tool steels and oil ...Missing: testing 1950s
[105]
Changi International Airport Terminal 2 Expansion , Singapore
Feb 9, 2024 · The terminal draws inspiration from nature, presenting a harmonious fusion of architecture and landscaping. Natural materials grace the walls ...
[106]
23 Star Alliance Airlines Mark 10 Years Together At London ...
Jun 4, 2024 · Heathrow's new Terminal 2 first opened its doors to passengers on June 4th, 2014 - United Airlines was the first to move in, while the ...
[107]
Star Alliance Marks Ten Years Of Seamless Travel At Heathrow's ...
Jan 13, 2025 · Since opening, Terminal 2 has been central to Star Alliance operations, handling over 15 million passengers annually, which is nearly 20% of ...
[108]
Which Terminal Is Level at JFK Airport? - BLADE
Terminal 2 is a testament to Delta Air Lines' dominance at JFK. It is the primary hub for Delta, handling both their domestic and international flights. The ...
[109]
Singapore's Changi Airport reopens Terminal 2 - CNN
Nov 3, 2023 · Keeping with the nature theme, over in the departure transit area travelers can take in the new Dreamscape garden, which features an array of ...
[110]
Engineering and expansion works at Changi Airport Terminal 2 ...
Sep 28, 2023 · It incorporates natural materials in its wall cladding and flooring, complemented by lush green columns showcasing a distinctive array of plants ...Missing: theme | Show results with:theme
[111]
New Biophilic Singapore Changi Airport Terminal 2 expansion opens
Jul 8, 2024 · The Green Mark certification is a green building rating system in Singapore designed to evaluate a building's environmental impact and ...
[112]
The History of JFK Airport: Opening and Early Years
Mar 9, 2019 · Idlewild was finally opened to commercial flying on July 1st, 1948. Following test and service flights, a Peruvian International Airlines DC-4 ...
[113]
History of New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport
Jan 16, 2020 · It opened in 1948 and was initially known as both New York International Airport and Idlewild Airport. ... Terminal 2 opened in 1962 to ...
[114]
IATA 2025 Survey Shows 85% Satisfaction with Biometrics - ID Tech
Nov 5, 2025 · IATA 2025 Survey Shows 85% Satisfaction with Biometrics; Passengers Demand Full Mobile Journey · Biometric Adoption Reaches Tipping Point · Mobile ...
[115]
12 tech and CX trends for airlines and airports in 2025
FTE explores a selection of the top trends and technologies for 2025 and beyond, including robotics and automation, AI, biometrics, and more.
[116]
Airport biometric technology for faster boarding, stronger security
Sep 16, 2025 · Ever felt lost in a giant airport? Biometrics plus AI can help. Smart kiosks recognize you, then show you the fastest route to your gate.
[117]
Refurbished Grand Est double-deck EMU unveiled - Railway Gazette
Dec 12, 2024 · SNCF Voyageurs has unveiled the first of the Grand Est région's TER 2N NG double-deck electric multiple-units to undergo mid-life refurbishment.
[118]
Bharat Gaurav Tourist Train Packages - IRCTC Tourism
IRCTC is running Bharat Gaurav train for destinations such as Kashi, Prayag, Gaya and Ayodhya. The fully AC train has 11 AC III tier coaches and accommodates ...Missing: T2 | Show results with:T2
[119]
Train travel in India - a beginner's guide | How to buy tickets online
Jul 2, 2025 · There are 11 classes on Indian Railways: AC first class, shown as AC1 or 1A, consists of berths in air-conditioned 2 & 4 berth compartments, ...
[120]
Siemens Mobility equips Berlin metro with CBTC technology to ...
Jul 5, 2024 · The state-of-the-art Trainguard MT CBTC solution will enable semi-automated operation (GoA2: Grade of Automation) on the U5 line by 2029 and ...Missing: T2 | Show results with:T2
[121]
GoA2 — CBTC Solutions
Sep 5, 2022 · GoA2 is the first grade of automation where a vehicle controller controls train braking and propulsion, replacing driver duties. The wayside ...
[122]
The State of the EU's Rail Infrastructure - Transport & Environment
Jun 24, 2025 · Use 25 kV AC for new electrification where possible: This system offers low energy consumption, fewer substations and higher capacity, which ...Missing: T2 | Show results with:T2
[123]
EU invests €2.8 billion in 94 transport projects to boost sustainable ...
Jul 3, 2025 · The European Commission selected 94 transport projects to receive nearly €2.8 billion in EU grants under the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF).Missing: T2 | Show results with:T2
[124]
This 1943 Dodge WC62 Command Truck Is a 6X6 WW2 Relic That ...
Jun 29, 2023 · One of only two 1.5-ton 6x6 trucks built by Dodge during WW2, the WC62 was based on a lengthened WC51 weapons carrier with an extra axle.
[125]
1943 Dodge WC-63 1.5 ton 6x6 truck - WW2 Armor
1943 Dodge WC-63 1.5 ton 6x6 truck ... Dodge's WC series of trucks, along with the jeep, formed the core of U.S. light-duty military trucks during World War II.Missing: T2 | Show results with:T2
[126]
Understanding N2, N3, M2, and M3 Vehicle Classifications
What Do “N” and “M” Categories Represent? ; M2 - Passenger Transport · Vehicle of less than 5 tonnes ; M3 - Passenger Transport · Vehicle of more than 5 tonnes ; N2 ...Missing: T2 | Show results with:T2
[127]
https://forums.nasioc.com/forums/showthread.php?t=710768
[128]
https://www.scca.com/pages/car-classifications-and-groups
[129]
BZ Toyota Hiace SBV HiTop Campervan – 2 Berth
In stock Rating 4.9 (1,268) Our in New Zealand built 2 Berth Hitop Motorhome is a top of the range Kea-built Toyota Hiace Campervan that has all the accessories of home and drives like ...
[130]
https://www.ta2racingaustralia.com/
[131]
https://www.t2tea.com/en/au/articles/about-25-years.html
[132]
Decoding SCCA Road Racing Classes - Kanga Motorsports
Sep 19, 2017 · Touring 2 (T2). The Touring Classes (T2-T4) are intended for commonly available recent model production vehicles to race in competition. The ...Missing: autocross | Show results with:autocross
[133]
Turbocharged (i.e.wrx, sti, ect) SCCA Club Racers what class do you ...
Feb 3, 2005 · The STI and EVO are now in T2, where they should be extremely competitive I'd think. The WRX is classed in T3 per the most recent Fastrack.
[134]
Car Classifications and Groups - Sports Car Club of America
The aim of the class is to provide (relatively) cheap access to racing, with the intention of the sanctioning bodies to maintain a single “spec” for the cars so ...
[135]
Group T2 - Wikipedia
In relation to motorsport, Group T2 is a set of technical specifications for series production cross-country cars used in off-road Cross-Country Rallying ...
[136]
CUBE 3 Architecture TA2 Series - Trans Am
The TA2 has reinvigorated road racing in North America, with iconic racecars that are relevant from the track to the showroom floor. TA2 has attracted drivers ...
[137]
TA2 Racing | Drivers | Muscle Car Series Racing
The TA2 formula is built on a cost effective platform, combining the prowess of a purpose-built racing chassis and a 525 horsepower engine package.
[138]
About Us | T2 Tea AU
T2 History ; 1996. Our first store opens in Fitzroy, Melbourne. A tea revolution begins. ; 1997–1999. Tea lovers delight over our adventurous in-store theatrics.
[139]
How T2 founder Maryanne Shearer nurtured her passion for tea to ...
Aug 22, 2016 · We decided our new company would be called Tea Too, but it was quicker to write T2. It was as simple as that. Back then tea was an old, staid, ...
[140]
T2 - LIPTON Teas and Infusions
T2 started life as a store in Fitzroy, Melbourne in 1996, encouraging people from all walks of life to put the world to rights over a cup of tea. Discover ...
[141]
T2 Retailer Will Celebrate 25 Years - World Tea News
Oct 22, 2019 · T2 has since established more than 100 outlets in the UK, the United States, Australia, New Zealand and Singapore. The teas are sold online at ...
[142]
Tea brand T2 becomes Unilever's eighth certified B Corp
Feb 24, 2020 · Tea brand T2 becomes Unilever's eighth certified B Corp, joining Ben & Jerry's, Seventh Generation and more.
[143]
Unilever sells 34 tea brands – including T2 – to private-equity investor
Nov 22, 2021 · The business, called Ekaterra, owns 34 brands including Lipton, PG tips, Pukka, T2 and Tazo and turned over €2 billion ($A3.1 billion) last year ...
[144]
T2 Biosystems, Inc.
T2 Biosystems, Inc. Thank you for visiting the website for T2 Biosystems, Inc. (“Company”), an in vitro diagnostics company formerly based in Lexington, MA.Missing: devices | Show results with:devices
[145]
T2 Biosystems - Flagship Pioneering
T2's products include the T2Dx® Instrument, T2Candida® Panel, and T2Bacteria® Panel. The company also has a strong pipeline of products for sepsis management, ...Missing: devices | Show results with:devices
[146]
T2 Biosystems - Carb-X
T2 Biosystems uses T2 Magnetic Resonance (T2MR®) technology to identify pathogens and resistance markers directly in whole blood, independent of blood culture.Missing: devices | Show results with:devices
[147]
T2 Biosystems Announces Plans to License its Proprietary ...
Dec 9, 2024 · T2 Biosystems announces plans to license its proprietary technology to expand its leadership in direct-from-whole-blood detection of sepsis-causing pathogens.Missing: devices | Show results with:devices
[148]
DYSON DC19 T2 MULTI FLOOR - Vacuum Cleaners - eBay
1600w Vacuum Cleaner. Suitable for: All thickness carpets - Wooden floors - Pets. SERVICED & READY TO USE! 6 MONTH MOTOR WARRANTY! CREVICE MULTI & STAIR TOOL ...
[149]
Dyson DC19T2 - YouTube
Feb 17, 2017 · Dyson Cordless Vacuum Comparison: Which Dyson Should You Buy? UNFILTERD•93K views · 24:27. Go to channel · Dyson DC19T2 Multifloor Koolborstels ...
[150]
https://www.satbeams.com/satellites?norad=42749
[151]
https://librarytechnology.org/document/9253
[152]
Russia to Rapidly Scale 5G Following Launch of First 5G Networks ...
Oct 30, 2018 · 5G Networks Set to Provide Coverage to 80 Per Cent of Russia's Population by 2025. Moscow: Russia is set to become a “fast follower” 5G ...Missing: T2 | Show results with:T2<|control11|><|separator|>
[153]
Tele2 - Russia - Wireless Frequency Bands and Device Compatibility
5G NR. Tele2 Russia uses the 5G NR frequency band N78 (3500 MHz). This band was added to Tele2 Russia's network on August 4, 2024.
[154]
Frequencies for 5G in Russia - TAdviser
Jul 29, 2025 · SCRF allocated a band of radio frequencies for 5G. State Commission on Radio Frequencies allocated a range of 4800 - 4990 MHz for the deployment ...
[155]
TerreStar 1, 2 → EchoStar T1, T2 - Gunter's Space Page
Jun 2, 2025 · TerreStar 1 and 2 were for mobile voice/data, acquired by EchoStar, and became EchoStar T1 and T2. TerreStar 2 was launched as EchoStar 21.
[156]
Satellite Details - Echostar 21 (EchoStar T2, TerreStar 2) - SatBeams
Echostar 21 is active at 10° E, launched 6-Jun-2017, with 15+ year expected lifetime, and provides 2 GHz mobile voice and data in Europe.
[157]
Page 11: Effective Instruction at Tier 2 - IRIS Center
Tier 2 intervention offers more focused instruction than does the typical classroom reading instruction. It does so in order to:
[158]
Center on PBIS | Tier 2
Specific Tier 2 interventions include practices such as social skills groups, self-management, and academic supports. Targeted interventions like these, ...
[159]
Tier 2 and Tier 3 Intervention | Reading Rockets
Tier 2 and Tier 3 Intervention · During Tier 2 intervention, the teacher assesses the students' growth on taught skills to keep an eye on their progress.
[160]
Meta-Analyses of the Effects of Tier 2 Type Reading Interventions in ...
Less extensive, or Tier 2 type interventions, provide additional instruction for students who are not making adequate progress within the core, or Tier 1 type, ...
[161]
PT Boats (1942-45) - Naval Encyclopedia
Nov 28, 2022 · During World War II Elco Naval Division of Electric Boat Co., Bayonne, N.J., built nearly 400 PT-boats for the U.S. Navy. Most (326) were of ...
[162]
Motor Torpedo Boat Photo Archive - NavSource
ELCO was again awarded a contract to build 24 new boats (PT-20 through PT-44) with the recommended modifications which increased the length to 77 feet.
[163]
[PDF] an administrative history of pt's in world war ii - PT Boat Forum
Building began with PT 2 on 12 July 1939 and with PT 1 on 19 August. 1939. These Crouch designed boats were never to see service as PT's, for they were ...
[164]
Clue: "T2 Trainspotting" actor McGregor - Crossword Tracker
"T2 Trainspotting" actor McGregor is a crossword puzzle clue that we have spotted 1 time. There are related clues (shown below). Referring crossword puzzle ...