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T5

T5, or Text-to-Text Transfer Transformer, is a family of encoder-decoder Transformer models developed by Google AI that reframes all natural language processing (NLP) tasks as text-to-text problems, where both inputs and outputs are represented as plain text strings, enabling a unified approach to tasks such as translation, summarization, question answering, and classification.^[1] Introduced in a 2019 paper by Colin Raffel and colleagues, T5 explores the limits of transfer learning by systematically comparing pre-training objectives, model architectures, and datasets across dozens of NLP benchmarks.^[1]^[2] The core innovation of T5 lies in its text-to-text framework, which simplifies the adaptation of the model to diverse tasks by prefixing inputs with task-specific instructions (e.g., "translate English to German:") and generating textual outputs accordingly, outperforming task-specific architectures in many cases.^[1] T5 models are pre-trained on the Colossal Clean Crawled Corpus (C4), a massive dataset derived from Common Crawl web data, cleaned to over 750 gigabytes of English text—two orders of magnitude larger than Wikipedia—using a denoising objective where spans of text are masked and the model predicts the originals.^[1]^[2] Following pre-training, the models are fine-tuned on downstream datasets, demonstrating that larger models and more compute yield better performance, with the 11-billion-parameter variant achieving state-of-the-art results on benchmarks like GLUE, SuperGLUE, SQuAD, and CNN/Daily Mail summarization.^[1] T5 is available in several variants scaled by parameter count to balance performance and computational requirements: T5-Small (60 million parameters), T5-Base (220 million), T5-Large (770 million), T5-3B (3 billion), and T5-11B (11 billion), with later iterations like T5 1.1 offering improved efficiency through architectural tweaks such as GEGLU activations in the feed-forward layers.^[3] As an encoder-decoder architecture, T5 contrasts with decoder-only models like GPT by excelling in generative tasks that require bidirectional context, influencing subsequent large language models and establishing text-to-text as a foundational paradigm in NLP transfer learning.^[1]^[2]

Anatomy

Fifth thoracic vertebra

The fifth thoracic vertebra (T5) is the fifth bone in the thoracic segment of the vertebral column, positioned between the fourth thoracic vertebra (T4) and the sixth thoracic vertebra (T6). Located at the level of the sternal angle, T5 forms part of the mid-thoracic spine, contributing to the overall kyphotic curvature that distinguishes this region from the cervical and lumbar segments. As an irregular bone, it exemplifies the typical morphology observed in the mid-thoracic vertebrae (T5–T8).^[4]^[5]^[6] Physically, T5 features a heart-shaped vertebral body that increases in size compared to upper thoracic vertebrae, supporting greater load-bearing capacity. Its vertebral foramen is circular and relatively small, accommodating the spinal cord while maintaining structural integrity. Distinctive costal facets—two on the vertebral body (superior and inferior demifacets) and two on each transverse process—enable articulation with the head and tubercle of the fifth ribs, facilitating rib cage stability. The spinous process is long, slender, and directed posteriorly and inferiorly, overlapping with the process of the vertebra below to enhance thoracic rigidity.^[7]^[8]^[6] T5 plays an essential role in supporting the rib cage through its rib articulations, forming the posterior aspect of the bony thorax that protects vital organs including the heart and lungs. It safeguards the spinal cord by enclosing it within the vertebral canal and permits limited thoracic movements, with notable rotational capacity in the mid-thoracic region. The T5 spinal nerve exits immediately inferior to this vertebra.^[9]^[8]^[10] Clinically, T5 is susceptible to compression or burst fractures in high-energy trauma scenarios, such as motor vehicle collisions, owing to the thoracic spine's relative inflexibility and the forces transmitted through the rib cage. It is frequently involved in spinal deformities, particularly adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, where right thoracic curves often designate T5 as the upper end vertebra. Blood supply to T5 derives mainly from branches of the posterior intercostal arteries, which originate from the thoracic aorta, ensuring nutrient delivery to the bone and surrounding structures. Innervation arises from the sinuvertebral nerves (recurrent branches of the spinal nerves) and dorsal rami, providing sensory input to the vertebral ligaments and periosteum.^[11]^[12]^[8] The anatomical features of T5, including its vertebral body and processes, were first systematically described in detail by Andreas Vesalius in his groundbreaking text De Humani Corporis Fabrica (1543), which revolutionized the understanding of human skeletal structure through direct dissection and illustration.^[13]

Fifth thoracic spinal nerve

The fifth thoracic spinal nerve (T5) arises from the T5 segment of the thoracic spinal cord, where the dorsal and ventral roots unite to form a mixed spinal nerve that exits the vertebral column through the intervertebral foramen between the fifth and sixth thoracic vertebrae.^[14]^[15] This positioning associates it closely with the T5 vertebral level, facilitating its role in regional innervation.^[9] Upon exiting, the T5 nerve immediately divides into anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) rami. The anterior ramus primarily contributes to the fifth intercostal nerve, which courses along the inferior margin of the fifth rib, supplying the intercostal muscles, parietal pleura, and overlying skin.^[14]^[16] The posterior ramus innervates the paraspinal muscles and skin of the back at the T5 level, providing sensory and motor support to the posterior thoracic region.^[14] Additionally, the T5 nerve carries preganglionic sympathetic fibers through its ventral root, connecting to the sympathetic chain via white rami communicantes for autonomic regulation of thoracic viscera. Functionally, the T5 nerve provides sensory innervation to the T5 dermatome, a band-like area of skin on the anterior and lateral chest wall approximately at the level of the fifth intercostal space, transmitting sensations such as touch, pain, and temperature.^[16]^[14] Motor supply from the anterior ramus targets the intercostal muscles to facilitate rib cage expansion during respiration, while contributions to the upper abdominal wall muscles aid in trunk stabilization and basic ventilatory support.^[9] Clinically, T5 nerve involvement is implicated in thoracic radiculopathy, often presenting as band-like chest pain radiating along the dermatome due to compression from herniated discs or degenerative changes.^[16]^[15] It is also a common site for herpes zoster outbreaks, where the varicella-zoster virus reactivates in the dorsal root ganglion, causing vesicular rash and neuropathic pain confined to the T5 distribution.^[14] Intercostal neuralgia, characterized by sharp, localized pain along the nerve pathway, may arise from trauma, postoperative irritation, or diabetic neuropathy affecting the T5 segment.^[15] Diagnostic evaluation typically includes nerve conduction studies or electromyography (EMG) to assess conduction velocity and muscle response, guiding interventions like intercostal nerve blocks for pain relief.^[14]^[15] Anatomical variations in the T5 nerve are infrequent but can include anomalous branching of the rami or occasional fusion with adjacent thoracic nerves, potentially altering sensory distribution or complicating surgical approaches in the thoracic region.^[14]

Technology

T5 language model

The T5 (Text-to-Text Transfer Transformer) is a family of encoder-decoder Transformer models developed by Google AI and introduced in 2019, designed to unify natural language processing (NLP) tasks under a single text-to-text framework. In this paradigm, every task—ranging from classification to generation—is reformulated as converting input text to output text, with task-specific prefixes added to inputs for clarity, such as "translate English to German:" for machine translation. This approach simplifies transfer learning by allowing a single pre-trained model to handle diverse downstream tasks through fine-tuning, contrasting with task-specific architectures in earlier models.^[1] T5 models are pre-trained on the Colossal Clean Crawled Corpus (C4), a massive dataset of over 750 GB of cleaned web text derived from Common Crawl, enabling broad language understanding without task-specific supervision during this phase. The architecture follows the standard Transformer design with separate encoder and decoder stacks, but scales across variants to balance performance and efficiency: T5-small (60 million parameters), T5-base (220 million), T5-large (770 million), T5-3B (3 billion), and T5-11B (11 billion). These variants demonstrate that larger models yield diminishing but significant gains, with T5-11B achieving state-of-the-art results on benchmarks like GLUE (90.3 average score) and SuperGLUE (88.9 average score, nearing the human baseline of 89.8).^[1]^[18] Pre-training employs an unsupervised denoising objective called span corruption, where random spans of 15% of the input tokens are masked and replaced by unique sentinel tokens, tasking the model to reconstruct the original text autoregressively. This is followed by supervised fine-tuning on mixtures of downstream tasks, often using multi-task learning to jointly optimize across datasets for better generalization. For efficiency, especially in resource-constrained settings, later adaptations incorporate lightweight techniques like adapter layers—small trainable modules inserted between Transformer layers—reducing the number of updated parameters during fine-tuning by up to 99% while preserving performance.^[1] T5 excels in applications such as machine translation (e.g., English-to-German with a BLEU score of 28.4 on the WMT 2014 benchmark), text summarization (ROUGE scores above 40 on CNN/Daily Mail), and question answering (F1 scores over 90 on SQuAD), leveraging its unified format for seamless task switching. Post-2019 developments include seamless integration into the Hugging Face Transformers library, facilitating widespread adoption for custom fine-tuning and inference. Multilingual extensions like mT5, pre-trained on mC4 data across 101 languages, extend capabilities to low-resource settings, while by 2025, T5-based architectures have incorporated multimodal extensions, such as vision-language models combining text with image encoders for tasks like visual question answering.^[1]^[3]^[19]

T5 fluorescent lamp

The T5 fluorescent lamp is a compact tubular fluorescent light source characterized by a diameter of 5/8 inch (16 mm), making it slimmer than larger T8 or T12 variants.^[20] Introduced in the 1990s, it emerged as an energy-efficient alternative to incandescent bulbs, offering improved luminous efficacy and reduced energy consumption for various lighting needs.^[21] These lamps operate by passing an electrical current through low-pressure mercury vapor within a glass tube, generating ultraviolet (UV) radiation that excites a phosphor coating on the interior surface, converting the UV into visible light.^[22] They require a ballast to regulate the current and initiate the arc; electronic ballasts are standard for T5 lamps due to their compatibility with high-frequency operation, which minimizes flicker and enhances efficiency, while older magnetic ballasts are less common and less optimal.^[22] T5 lamps contain a small amount of mercury—typically less than traditional fluorescents—to facilitate the vapor discharge process.^[22] Standard T5 lamps are available in lengths ranging from 6 inches (about 152 mm) to 48 inches (about 1,219 mm), with corresponding wattages from 4 W for short tubes to 28 W for longer ones, and high-output (HO) variants extending to 54 W.^[22] Color temperatures span 2,700 K (warm white) to 6,500 K (cool daylight), allowing selection for different ambiance needs, such as 3,000 K for residential settings or 4,100 K for offices.^[23] The color rendering index (CRI) reaches up to 85, providing good color accuracy for general illumination.^[23] With luminous efficacy up to 100 lumens per watt (lm/W), T5 lamps deliver high efficiency, and their average lifespan is 20,000 to 30,000 hours, significantly outlasting incandescents.^[22] Common applications include under-cabinet task lighting in kitchens, desk lamps for workspaces, and display cases in retail or museums, where their slim profile enables installation in tight spaces.^[22] They are also used in offices, schools, and supermarkets for overhead general lighting, benefiting from low heat output and uniform illumination.^[24] Due to their mercury content, T5 lamps pose environmental concerns during disposal, though they use less mercury than earlier fluorescent types.^[22] Under the European Union's Ecodesign Directive and RoHS regulations, T5 fluorescent lamps were banned from placement on the market starting August 24, 2023. By 2025, the transition to mercury-free LED equivalents has accelerated in the EU and many other regions, driven by energy savings and reduced hazardous waste.^[25]^[26]

T5 electrical connector

The T5 electrical connector is a standardized single-pole power interface within the Powersafe series, designed for high-current electrical connections in demanding environments. It serves as a robust, keyed, and locked connector for transmitting substantial power loads while ensuring safety through touch-proof designs and environmental resistance. Commonly manufactured by Phase 3 Connectors and distributed by Amphenol, the T5 variant is optimized for applications requiring up to 500 amperes of continuous current.^[27] Key specifications include a current rating of 500 A, voltage capabilities up to 1000 V AC or 1500 V DC, and environmental sealing to IP67 standards, protecting against dust and immersion in water up to 1 meter for 30 minutes. The connector employs threaded post termination for secure cable attachment using standard lugs, with coupling achieved via mechanical keying and locking mechanisms that prevent mismating. Shell materials typically consist of machined brass with silver plating for corrosion resistance and optimal conductivity, while contacts are silver-plated copper to minimize resistance and support high surge currents up to 75 kA.^[28]^[27]^[29] Variants of the T5 connector are denoted by color coding for phase identification—brown for L1, black for L2, gray for L3, blue for neutral, and green/yellow for earth—and are available in configurations such as panel-mount sources, drains, or inline plugs. The "T5-xxx" nomenclature often specifies the amperage and termination type, with the T5 distinguishing it from the higher-capacity T8 series rated at 800 A; materials may include aluminum alternatives for weight reduction in select models. These variants maintain compatibility across single- and three-phase systems while adhering to safety standards like IEC 60309 for interlockable industrial plugs.^[30]^[28]^[27] In applications, the T5 connector is widely employed in aerospace, military, and industrial settings for reliable signal and power transmission, including field power distribution, shipboard systems, railway vehicles, and dockside operations. It complies with relevant standards such as SAE AS50151 for heavy-duty circular connectors in rugged environments, enabling its use in generators, switchgear, and power distribution panels. Briefly, it also supports temporary setups in lighting fixtures for large events.^[28]^[31]^[27] The T5 connector evolved from military specifications originating in the 1960s for high-reliability power interfaces in harsh conditions, with the Powersafe series formalizing a standardized format in the late 20th century for the UK entertainment industry.^[28]^[27]

Automotive

Volvo T5 engine

The Volvo T5 engine family comprises a series of turbocharged petrol engines developed for Volvo passenger vehicles, debuting in the 2004 Volvo S40 as a 2.5-liter inline-five-cylinder unit producing 218 horsepower and 236 lb-ft of torque.^[32] This modular design, part of Volvo's broader engine architecture, emphasized balanced performance and refinement, with displacements spanning 2.0 to 2.5 liters across its evolution.^[32] Key specifications include power outputs ranging from 180 to 250 horsepower, enabling versatile applications in compact sedans to midsize SUVs, with transverse mounting for front- or all-wheel-drive layouts. Later iterations incorporated common rail direct injection for improved fuel atomization and variable valve timing on intake and exhaust camshafts to optimize power delivery and efficiency across the rev range.^[33]^[34] Early variants relied on the inline-five configuration with a single turbocharger for broad torque, while subsequent models transitioned to a 2.0-liter inline-four Drive-E architecture featuring a high-pressure turbo for comparable output in a more compact package; these were commonly integrated with the Aisin AWTF-80SC six-speed automatic transmission for smooth shifts and all-wheel-drive compatibility.^[33]^[35] Performance characteristics delivered 0-60 mph acceleration in 6 to 8 seconds, depending on vehicle weight and drivetrain, alongside combined fuel economy of 25 to 35 mpg in real-world conditions.^[36]^[37] The engines met Euro 5 and Euro 6 emissions requirements through advanced catalytic converters and exhaust gas recirculation, with later mild-hybrid enhancements adding a 48-volt system for smoother operation and reduced fuel use.^[38] By 2025, the T5 designation had largely transitioned to the B5 mild-hybrid format for turbocharged petrol engines, while plug-in hybrid variants like the T8 Recharge in models such as the XC60 pair the turbocharged petrol engine with an electric motor and battery for up to 35 miles of electric-only range and combined outputs of 455 horsepower.^[39]^[40]

Volkswagen Transporter (T5)

The Volkswagen Transporter (T5) is the fifth generation of Volkswagen's mid-sized light commercial vehicle, produced from 2003 to 2015 primarily for the European market. It marked a significant evolution from its predecessor, the T4, by adopting a front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout as standard, with an optional 4Motion all-wheel-drive system for enhanced traction in varied conditions. Known simply as the T5 or Transporter T5, this model emphasized versatility for commercial and leisure use, incorporating modern safety and comfort features while maintaining the brand's reputation for durability.^[41]^[42] Available in multiple body styles, the T5 included panel vans for cargo transport, kombi passenger variants, and specialized versions such as the shuttle minibus, crew cab, and the popular California campervan for recreational purposes. It offered short-wheelbase (SWB) and long-wheelbase (LWB) options to accommodate different load requirements, with payload capacities ranging from approximately 834 kg to 1,297 kg depending on configuration. These designs allowed for load volumes up to around 9.3 cubic meters in higher-roof LWB models, making it suitable for small businesses, tradespeople, and families seeking customizable space.^[43]^[44] Powertrain options for the T5 spanned efficient diesel and petrol engines, paired with manual or automatic transmissions. Diesel variants included the 1.9-liter TDI in 85 hp and 105 hp outputs, as well as the more powerful 2.5-liter TDI delivering 130 hp or 174 hp, with the latter available in 4Motion guise for off-road capability. Petrol choices featured a 2.0-liter unit producing 114 hp. Post-2009 updates introduced common-rail diesel technology for improved efficiency and emissions compliance. The model underwent a major facelift in late 2009, designated T5.1, which refreshed the exterior with updated headlights, bumpers, and bonnet, alongside interior enhancements and refined powertrains, continuing production until 2015.^[44]^[43] Safety was a key focus, earning the T5 a four-star rating in Euro NCAP tests conducted in 2008 and reaffirmed in 2013 for the facelifted version. Standard features from 2007 included electronic stability program (ESP) for improved handling, along with ABS, multiple airbags, and crumple zones; optional ISOFIX child seat anchors were available on passenger-oriented models like the Caravelle. These innovations contributed to its appeal as a reliable daily driver or workhorse.^[45]^[46] As the successor to the T4, the T5 solidified Volkswagen's dominance in the van segment, with over 1.65 million units produced globally during its run. Its enduring popularity led to a robust second-hand market and inspired special editions like the California camper, while by 2025, enthusiast restomods continued to extend its lifecycle through modern upgrades.^[47]^[44]

Transportation

Tanjung Santan Airport

Tanjung Santan Airport is a small domestic airport situated in Tanjung Santan village, Sebuntal District, Marang Kayu Subdistrict, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia.^[48] It primarily serves remote communities in a region rich in oil and gas resources, facilitating access for industrial workers and local travel.^[49] The airport operates under the authority of the Balikpapan Airport Region and is managed by local government units.^[48] The airport has been in operation since at least the 1970s, with records indicating activity as early as February 7, 1977, when a Merpati Nusantara Douglas C-47A experienced a landing accident there. Its single runway is an asphalt surface measuring 1,372 meters in length and 30 meters in width, suitable for small aircraft.^[49] Facilities are basic, accommodating limited passenger and cargo operations without advanced instrumentation like an instrument landing system, and it relies on visual flight rules.^[49] The airport's IATA code is TSX and ICAO code is WALT, with coordinates at approximately 0°05'35"S latitude and 117°26'21"E longitude, at an elevation of 37 meters (121 feet).^[48]^[50] Operations focus on charter flights, often connecting to nearby hubs like Samarinda or Balikpapan, supporting employee transport to Pertamina-managed oil fields in the vicinity.^[51] As a non-classified small airstrip, it handles low-volume traffic, estimated to be under several thousand passengers annually based on its scale and regional role.^[52]

Entertainment

Transformers Animated

No content — no verified T5 reference in Transformers: Animated.

Star Trek

In the Star Trek franchise, T5 refers to the Galileo-type shuttlecraft, a class of compact auxiliary spacecraft employed by Starfleet for short-range transport and planetary operations in the 23rd century.^[53] This design, often associated with the iconic Galileo naming convention, features twin warp nacelles mounted on articulated pylons for atmospheric and limited interstellar travel, emphasizing maneuverability over speed.^[53] Measuring approximately 9.1 meters in length, it accommodates up to seven passengers in a configuration with a forward cockpit and a rear compartment equipped for basic life support and cargo.^[53] The Galileo-type's sleek, aerodynamic profile draws from the aesthetic of Constitution-class starships, allowing it to dock seamlessly with vessels like the USS Enterprise-A.^[54] The Galileo-type shuttlecraft prominently appears in the 1989 film Star Trek V: The Final Frontier, where the specific craft named Galileo (registry NCC-1701/7) serves as the initial transport for Captain James T. Kirk, Spock, and Dr. Leonard "Bones" McCoy. In the plot, the shuttle ferries the trio from Earth—specifically Yosemite National Park—to the hijacked Enterprise-A after the vessel is taken over by a renegade Vulcan named Sybok, who seeks to exploit the ship's capabilities for a quest to find God at the galaxy's center. The Enterprise crew's intervention aboard the shuttle underscores themes of loyalty, doubt, and the human (and Vulcan) condition, as McCoy grapples with personal revelations induced by Sybok's empathic abilities. While the Galileo facilitates key early action sequences, including evading security and linking up with the ship, it is not central to the climax and suffers no major damage in the narrative. No canonical follow-up explores this particular shuttle's fate in subsequent films or series. From a production standpoint, the Galileo-type shuttle in Star Trek V: The Final Frontier was designed by visual effects artists Nilo Rodis and Andy Neskoromny to evoke the original Galileo from Star Trek: The Original Series while updating it for the film's 2287 setting.^[55] The miniature model, scaled at about 1.3 meters, was constructed by renowned model maker Greg Jein using fiberglass and detailed with illuminated nacelles for filming.^[56] Directed by William Shatner and written by David Loughery from a story by Harve Bennett and Shatner, the film utilized practical effects for shuttle sequences, including full-scale mock-ups for interior shots featuring the principal cast. Guest performers, such as DeForest Kelley as McCoy, interact prominently within the shuttle's confines during tense dialogues. Within the broader Star Trek franchise, the Galileo-type shuttle represents one of numerous planetary and support vehicles that enable exploration narratives, evolving from the Class F shuttles of the 2260s.^[54] It pays homage to the franchise's foundational elements, with the Galileo name recurring as a nod to scientific pioneers.^[54] As of 2025, references to Galileo-type designs appear sparingly in expanded universe materials, such as tie-in novels like The Final Reflection by John M. Ford and video games including Star Trek Online, where similar shuttle classes support mission gameplay, though they remain peripheral to core canon lore.

Doctor Who

In Doctor Who, the production code 4L refers to the internal BBC designation for the six-part serial The Seeds of Doom, the final story of season 13, which aired weekly on BBC One from 31 January to 6 March 1976.^[57] The serial was written by Robert Banks Stewart, who drew inspiration from horror classics like John Wyndham's The Day of the Triffids to craft a tale blending science fiction with gothic terror.^[58] Directed by Douglas Camfield in what would be his final contribution to the series, it stars Tom Baker as the Fourth Doctor and Elisabeth Sladen as Sarah Jane Smith, with supporting roles including Tony Beckley as the obsessive botanist Harrison Chase and John Scotland as his henchman Keeler, both serving as key antagonists. The plot follows the Fourth Doctor and Sarah Jane Smith as they are summoned to an Antarctic research base after scientists uncover two mysterious seed pods buried in the ice, which prove to be Krynoid—a carnivorous alien plant species capable of assimilating and transforming hosts into monstrous extensions of itself.^[58] One pod infects a researcher, leading to a desperate containment effort thwarted by Chase's agents, who steal the second pod to England for cultivation in his greenhouse, where it begins to sprout and threaten a global ecological catastrophe.^[59] With assistance from UNIT, the Doctor races to destroy the growing Krynoid, confronting Chase's fanatical devotion to plant life and culminating in a fiery showdown at the villain's estate, emphasizing themes of environmental hubris and alien invasion.^[60] Production took place primarily at BBC Television Centre in London and Ealing Film Studios, with location shooting at Athelhampton House in Dorset for Chase's mansion and Buckland Sand and Silica Co. in Surrey to simulate the Antarctic tundra.^[60] The serial faced budget constraints typical of mid-1970s Doctor Who, particularly in realizing the Krynoid creature through practical effects; the design team, led by John Friedlander, relied on latex prosthetics, hydraulic mechanisms, and forced perspective for the pod's transformation stages and the full-scale plant monster, which proved labor-intensive and required multiple revisions to achieve the desired grotesque mobility without exceeding the episode allocation.^[58] These challenges contributed to a gritty, atmospheric horror style, enhanced by Geoffrey Burgon's eerie score and Camfield's tight direction, though some critics noted the limitations of the era's technology in scenes involving the creature's scale.^[60] The Seeds of Doom received acclaim for its effective blend of suspense, body horror, and character-driven tension, often ranked among the strongest entries of Tom Baker's tenure for reviving the series' gothic roots under producer Philip Hinchcliffe.^[61] It drew controversy from media watchdog Mary Whitehouse over violent elements, such as a character's fiery demise, but viewership averaged around 10.5 million, peaking at 11.6 million for the opener.^[60] The story has been preserved on home video, including a 2010 DVD release with restored footage and commentary from cast and crew, and included in the Doctor Who: The Collection - Season 13 Blu-ray release on 20 October 2025.^[62] Terrance Dicks' novelization, Doctor Who and the Seeds of Doom, was published by Target Books in 1977, expanding on the script with additional descriptive detail.^[58]

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[32]
T5 - 2.0 GTDi PETROL ENGINE | Volvo Cars Media UK
Jan 14, 2011 · 2.0 litre four cylinder petrol engine, producing the same power as a 2.5 litre five cylinder petrol engine · Industry's smallest turbo in ...
[33]
Volvo T5 - Penta Performance
Both the intake and exhaust camshafts incorporate variable valve timing, allowing an adjustment range of 50 and 30 crankshaft degrees respectively. Fuel is ...
[34]
https://pentaperformance.com/knowledgebase/volvot5/
[35]
2004 Volvo S40 T5 Specs & Performance - encyCARpedia
Nov 4, 2023 · 2004 Volvo S40 T5 Specs & Performance ; Performance. · Top Speed: 149 mph. 0-62 mph: 7.2 seconds ; Gasoline Engine. · Layout: Inline 5.
[36]
Volvo S40 II 2.5 20V T5 (220 Hp) AWD - Auto-Data.net
Specs of Volvo S40 II 2.5 20V T5 (220 Hp) AWD /2004, 2005, 2006, 2007/ ; 227 g/km CO · Euro 4 · 230 km/h | 142.92 mph 0-100 km/h: 6.8 sec 0-60 mph: 6.5 sec.
[37]
2015 Winner: Volvo 2.0L Turbocharged DOHC 4-Cyl. | WardsAuto
Jan 7, 2015 · There's the 302-hp “T6” engine that draws inspiration from both a turbocharger and supercharger and the 240-hp “T5” I-4 that uses only a ...
[38]
XC60 plug-in hybrid SUV specifications | Volvo Cars USA
Explore detailed specifications for the Volvo XC60 plug-in hybrid SUV to learn what's available and find a car that fits your lifestyle.Missing: T5 | Show results with:T5
[39]
2026 Volvo XC60 Hybrid Review, Pricing, and Specs - Car and Driver
Rating 4.5 The plug-in hybrid model comes with a 14.7-kWh battery pack that's good for an EPA-estimated 35 miles of electric driving per charge; we managed 31 miles in ...
[40]
The History of the Volkswagen Transporter Van - Vansdirect
2003 saw the introduction of the VW Transporter T5 to the UK new van market with significant improvements to the suspension and interior of the van. The state ...Missing: specifications | Show results with:specifications
[41]
Volkswagen Transporter 4MOTION - What Van?
Aug 13, 2013 · 4MOTION is available with two engine options; a 2-litre common rail turbodiesel producing either 140hp or 180hp. Capable of developing peak torque of 340Nm and ...<|separator|>
[42]
Volkswagen Transporter dimensions (2003-2009) - Parkers
May 15, 2018 · Volkswagen Transporter (03-09) payload, weight & towing Payload capacity ranges from 834kg to 1297kg, and there are two gross vehicle weight ( ...
[43]
VW T5 / T5.1 Buyers Guide | Expert Tips & Advice for Volkswagen T5's
Rating 4.7 (4,842) Apr 22, 2022 · The VW T5 is a modern, versatile van, available in various forms, with a 4-star safety rating. It can be used for daily driving or long ...Missing: payload sales
[44]
Official VW T5 2008 safety rating - Euro NCAP
Discover the Euro NCAP VW T5 2008 safety assessment: detailed results, crash test picture, videos & comments.
[45]
Esp - VW T5 Forums
Sep 13, 2012 · ESP became standard on T5 from 2007. Here is a little video about ESP, it is good covered few posts above, but still worth to watch.traction control light - VW T5 ForumsABS and Traction control!! - VW T5 ForumsMore results from www.vwt4forum.co.uk
[46]
Volkswagen Transporter Marks World's Longest Production Run ...
In total, 1.65 million T5s were produced. T6 / T6.1: 2015 to 2019 / 2019- New engines, intelligent driver assistance systems, new infotainment and a front-end ...
[47]
WELLINGTON TRAMWAY MEMORIES - Unicorn Bookshop
A photographic history of trams in Wellington. Illustrated throughout with monochrome images. Decorated end papers. ISBN: 0908573227, Author: T. A. McGavin.
[48]
Home | Wellington Tramway
### Summary of T5 Trams and Meadowbank Manufacturing Company Trams (1925) for Wellington
[49]
Bandar Udara: TANJUNG SANTAN
Nama Bandar Udara, : TANJUNG SANTAN. Status Operasi, : Umum. Penggunaan, : Domestik. Pengelola, : UPT Daerah / Pemda. Provinsi, : Kalimantan Timur.Missing: T5 | Show results with:T5
[50]
Tanjung Santan - Indonesia - World Airport Codes
Tanjung Santan is located in Indonesia, using iata code TSX, and icao code WALT.Find out the key information for this airport.Missing: T5 | Show results with:T5
[51]
List of aviation accidents and incidents in Indonesia - Wikipedia
7 February 1977: a Merpati Nusantara Douglas C-47A PK-NDH was damaged beyond economic repair in a landing accident at Tanjung Santan Airport. 29 March ...Missing: facilities | Show results with:facilities
[52]
Tanjung Santan Airport
Tanjung Santan Airport ; Elevation, 121 feet 37 meters ; Magnetic Variation, 001° E (01/06) ; Operating Agency, PRIVATE ; Island Group, Kalimantan I.
[53]
WALT/Tanjung Santan (E. Kalimantan) General Airport Information
Located in Tanjung Santan, KI, INDONESIA. ICAO - WALT, IATA - TSX. Weather Clearance Visa/Health NOTAMs Nearby Trip Sheet.Missing: T5 | Show results with:T5
[54]
Tanjung Santan Airport | WALT | Pilot info - Metar-Taf.com
Tanjung Santan Airport is a small airport in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The airport is located at latitude -0.09260 and longitude 117.43910.Missing: IATA T5
[55]
Japan interested in airport development and operation in Indonesia
Jan 22, 2024 · Their goal is to enhance the functions of Sultan Aji Muhammad Sepinggan Airport in Balikpapan that acts as the entrance gate to Nusantara ...
[56]
Shop Transformers Action Figures, Transformers Toys & More
Shop for Transformers Action Figures, Games, Accessories, transformers Collection & More from Hasbro.
[57]
Federation Shuttlecraft - Ex Astris Scientia
Oct 19, 2024 · This is a cargo shuttle with a large aft door. The wings are swept down for atmospheric flight. The shuttle is warp-capable, with the nacelles located very ...Standard Shuttles · Escape Pods · Captain's Yachts · Short-Range Vehicles
[58]
The Shuttlecraft Galileo - Part 1 - Star Trek
Aug 18, 2011 · Steve Thomas chronicles the real-life travails of Star Trek's iconic shuttlecraft, the Galileo 1701/7. This is part one of an extensive two-part feature.
[59]
Star Trek V: The Final Frontier Type 4 shuttlecraft - RPF
Jul 1, 2023 · 1/6 scale (5') Galileo with intact nacelles (mostly). sold at auction. ... Claimed to be from the movie, made in fibreglass but detailed and ...
[60]
Star Trek V The Final Frontier Galileo Type Shuttlecraft Prop Part Lot ...
Free deliveryThis listing is for a lot of parts that came directly from Greg Jein, the master model maker. The parts were together and labeled "Star Trek V Type Shuttle" ...
[61]
[PDF] The child as addressee, viewer and consumer in mid-1960s 'Doctor ...
Doctor Who's production team aimed for the visual emphasis that cinema was reputed to ... References. BBC WAC T5/647/1, 'Doctor Who, General A'. BBC WAC T5 ...
[62]
The Seeds of Doom | Radio Times
Aug 6, 2010 · Production Location filming: October-December 1975 at Athelhampton House, Dorset; Buckland Sand and Silica Co Ltd, Surrey; BBC TV Centre, LondonMissing: T5 | Show results with:T5
[63]
"Doctor Who" The Seeds of Doom: Part One (TV Episode 1976) - IMDb
Rating 8.5/10 (769) The Seeds of Doom, case in point, it has to be one of the most terrifying stories of Doctor Who, the first part is chilling, it's grizzly and macabre, featuring ...Missing: budget | Show results with:budget
[64]
The Seeds Of Doom | A Brief History Of Time (Travel)
Work on The Seeds Of Doom then wrapped up on December 19th, when special effects shots of the giant Krynoid were captured in TC4. This brought Doctor Who's ...Missing: budget | Show results with:budget
[65]
Doctor Who (Classic): “The Seeds Of Doom” - AV Club
Sep 16, 2012 · “The Seeds Of Doom” (season 13, episodes 21-26; originally aired Jan. 31-March 6, 1976). Horror and good old-fashioned scariness have always ...
[66]
Doctor Who: The Seeds of Doom (DVD) - Amazon.com
When two mysterious seed pods are unearthed in the Antarctic, a crackpot millionaire commandeers one of them for his English garden.
[67]
The Fear of 13! Excitement brewing, the second and last Doctor Who ...
Oct 20, 2025 · ... Seeds of Doom, Behind the Sofa (Doctor Who's gogglebox), updated special effects, modified sound, restored picture quality; there's lots of ...