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TAS

The Tribunal Arbitral du Sport (TAS), known in English as the Court of Arbitration for Sport (), is an independent international institution headquartered in , , established in to resolve legal disputes arising in the field of sport through binding or . Founded at the initiative of the (IOC) to address the proliferation of sports-related litigation in national courts, it operates under Swiss law and functions as a specialized with over appeals from decisions by international sports federations, national anti-doping organizations, and the IOC itself. The TAS/CAS comprises two main : the Ordinary for first-instance disputes such as breaches or claims, and the Appeals , which serves as the court of last resort for challenges to sanctions, eligibility rulings, and disciplinary measures in elite competitions. Its panel of over 400 arbitrators, drawn from legal experts in worldwide, ensures proceedings are conducted in multiple languages, with decisions enforceable under the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards. Since its inception, the institution has adjudicated thousands of cases, contributing to standardized global and influencing policies on , event organization, and ethical standards. Among its defining characteristics, the TAS/CAS has played a pivotal role in high-stakes doping adjudications, upholding evidence-based bans while occasionally overturning sanctions deemed procedurally flawed, as seen in appeals against the World Anti-Doping Agency. Controversies have arisen over its handling of cases involving athletes with differences of sex development (DSD) or transgender status, where rulings affirming regulations on testosterone levels—grounded in physiological data demonstrating enduring male-derived advantages in strength, speed, and endurance—have been challenged as discriminatory, though supported by biomechanical and endocrinological studies emphasizing the causal primacy of pubertal development in performance disparities. Early criticisms of insufficient independence from sports governing bodies prompted 1994 reforms via the Paris Agreement, enhancing arbitrator selection and funding autonomy, yet debates persist regarding the balance between arbitral finality and appeals to bodies like the Swiss Federal Tribunal or European Court of Human Rights.

Geographical locations

States and regions

is an island state of , officially abbreviated as TAS in postal and statistical contexts. Located 240 kilometres southeast of the mainland across , it comprises the principal island of and over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, including the sub-Antarctic . The state covers a total area of 68,401 km², making it Australia's smallest and most decentralized state by population distribution. Its capital and largest city is , situated on the Derwent River estuary, which serves as the primary port and administrative center. Originally settled as the of in 1803, achieved self-government as a in , following the enactment of its in 1855, which marked the transition from direct crown control to responsible local governance. The reached 573,479 as of June 2023, with projections indicating modest growth to approximately 575,000 by mid-2025, driven primarily by net overseas migration amid low natural increase and interstate outflows. The state's terrain features rugged mountains, temperate rainforests, and coastal ecosystems supporting unique , including the (Sarcophilus harrisii), a carnivorous now endemic to after its on the mainland thousands of years ago. No other sovereign states or major administrative regions worldwide are verifiably abbreviated as TAS in official gazetteers or international standards, distinguishing Tasmania as the primary geographical entity associated with the abbreviation.

Other locations

(IATA: TAS, ICAO: UTTT) is the primary international airport serving , the capital city of , and functions as the country's main gateway for air travel. Situated approximately 13 kilometers southeast of central at coordinates 41°15′28″N 69°16′52″E and an elevation of 432 meters (1,417 feet) above , it supports both passenger and cargo operations across multiple runways. The facility handles flights from major carriers, including as its home base, connecting to destinations in , , and the . As 's busiest airport, International accounted for the largest share of national air traffic, contributing significantly to the country's total of 13.5 million passengers served across all airports in —a 30% increase from 10.4 million in 2023. In the first nine months of alone, Uzbekistan airports processed nearly 10 million passengers, predominantly international, underscoring 's role in regional connectivity. The airport's infrastructure includes modern terminals capable of accommodating growing demand, though expansion projects, such as a new terminal initiated in recent years, aim to further boost capacity amid rising traffic.

Personal names

As a given name

Tas is a rare masculine given name with diverse etymological roots across cultures. In Turkish, it derives from "taş," meaning "stone," and appears as a standalone name or in compounds. In English Romani (Gypsy) tradition, Tas signifies "a bird's nest," evoking themes of shelter. Other interpretations include Hungarian mythological associations or, in some South Asian contexts, connotations of being "well-fed" or linked to the zodiac sign Leo, though these lack widespread attestation in primary naming records. Usage data indicates low frequency globally. In the United States, Tas does not rank among the top 1,000 given names per records, reflecting its obscurity in modern Anglophone naming trends. Similarly, Australian birth registries from the past century show no prominence for Tas among popular boys' names, which favor staples like and . Notable bearers include (born Tasou Micah Pappas, September 2, 1975), an professional skateboarder known for his achievements in the and early . Historical figures with the name are sparse, underscoring its limited adoption outside niche cultural or familial contexts.

As a surname

The surname Tas has multiple proposed etymologies, reflecting its occurrence in diverse linguistic and cultural contexts. In and traditions, it may derive from tac, denoting a "twig" or "branch," potentially indicating a topographic feature or habitation near such growth, or from tas meaning "bag" or "purse," suggesting an occupational link to a maker or carrier of such items. In Slavic regions of , it is linked to the root tas, signifying "cup" or "bowl," likely originating as a nickname for someone associated with vessels or a similar trade. Turkish variants like Taş (often transliterated as Tas) literally translate to "stone," implying a descriptive or locational origin, such as residence near rocky terrain. Demographic data indicate Tas is relatively uncommon globally, with an estimated incidence of around 24,000 bearers as of recent genealogical surveys. It is most prevalent in , particularly and , accounting for approximately 45% of occurrences, followed by concentrations in , notably the where it appears frequently in historical records from areas like . In the United States, records from 1880 to 1920 document Tas families primarily in urban centers, with 1940 occupational data showing 60% of men employed as laborers, reflecting immigrant labor patterns. European distributions trace back to 19th-century migrations, with Dutch variants showing stability in the . Notable individuals bearing the surname include Sal Tas (1905–1976), an American politician active in local governance. Jeroen Tas, a Dutch information technology executive who served as chief information officer at Philips from 2010 to 2016, advancing healthcare informatics initiatives. These figures represent verified professional achievements, though the surname's bearers are more commonly documented in genealogical rather than prominent historical roles.

As a nickname or pseudonym

TAS has been employed as a by author Dmytro Mohyliansky (1901–1938), who used it for literary works amid the repressive Soviet era, reflecting a practice of to navigate political risks while contributing to cultural output before his execution during the . In biographical records, TAS functions as an informal abbreviating longer personal names, such as Tasmiyah, evidenced by Tasmiyah Janeesha (born November 8, 1993), convicted alongside her twin sister in 2010 for the January 13, 2010, murder of their mother, Jarmecca "Nikki" Whitehead; court documents and family accounts refer to her as Tas within close circles. Such usage extends to professional identities, including personnel like Tasman Beattie, a pilot who joined Airways around April 1980 after service in , routinely identified as Tas in colleague recollections tied to his operational career. This pattern aligns with abbreviating Tasmanian or Greek-derived names (e.g., Tasos for Anastasios) in experiential domains like sports and trades, where empirical bios confirm adoption for brevity in team or workplace contexts without formal alteration of legal names.

Arts, entertainment, and media

Television and animation

: The Animated Series (TAS) is an animated television series produced as a continuation of the live-action : The Original Series, featuring the crew on exploratory missions. It premiered on on September 8, 1973, and concluded on October 12, 1974, with 22 half-hour episodes broadcast across two seasons in a Saturday morning slot targeted at younger audiences. The series was produced by Filmation Associates in association with , utilizing techniques to accommodate budgetary constraints while allowing for expansive storytelling beyond live-action limitations. The voice cast reprised their roles from the original series, including as Captain James T. Kirk, as Commander Spock, as Dr. Leonard "Bones" McCoy, as , as Uhura, and as Montgomery "Scotty" Scott, among others; additional characters and aliens were often voiced by Doohan, Nichols, and to minimize costs. Episodes incorporated scripts by original writers, such as Dorothy C. Fontana, enabling narratives with new alien species, , and ethical dilemmas consistent with the franchise's themes. Specific elements from TAS have influenced subsequent Star Trek productions through direct script references, including the Klingon character Kor—voiced by Doohan in the TAS episode "The Survivor"—who reappeared in episodes "Blood Oath" (1994) and "The Sword of " (1995), maintaining continuity in backstory and traits. The episode "Yesteryear" (1973) depicts young Spock's childhood and introduces the concept of a katra (Vulcan soul essence), which aligns with and was later expanded upon in live-action series like 's "Flashback" (1996). While TAS's overall canonicity remains debated— with creator reportedly deeming it non-essential by the mid-1980s due to animation inconsistencies— these integrations demonstrate selective incorporation into the franchise's shared . Beyond , TAS has occasionally served as an abbreviation in television programming contexts, such as denoting "The " in episode guides or scheduling notations for animated content, though no other major series adopted it as a primary title.

Music and publications

The Absolute Sound (TAS) is an American magazine founded by Harry Pearson in spring 1973, initially published as a modest 5-by-8-inch saddle-stitched booklet on basic paper stock. The publication specialized in reviews of equipment, emphasizing subjective listening evaluations to assess fidelity in reproducing recorded music, alongside commentary on music genres and recommended recordings. Pearson, who served as until his death on November 4, 2014, at age 77, shaped TAS as a to measurement-focused approaches, prioritizing the "absolute sound" of live music as a for gear performance. Under Pearson's influence, TAS developed signature features like the annual Super LP List, compiling vinyl recordings selected for sonic excellence to aid audiophiles in system evaluation; the list originated from Pearson's personal recommendations and expanded post-2014 to include hundreds of titles across classical, collections, and categories. The magazine also produced companion compilation albums, such as TAS: The Absolute Sound 1997, featuring tracks from classical, , and folk artists curated for audio testing, with subsequent volumes in 2009 and 2010 drawing from performers like Majorstuen and Paul O'Brien to highlight equipment capabilities through diverse genres. Following Pearson's passing, editorial leadership transitioned, maintaining TAS's bimonthly format while incorporating updates like the 2023 issue commemorating 50 years of publication, which reflected on its role in advancing alongside music appreciation. The magazine's influence persisted through ongoing reviews and lists, though some critics noted shifts toward broader accessibility amid evolving trends.

Gaming and interactive media

A , abbreviated TAS, is a recording of a produced using specialized software tools to enable precise, frame-by-frame control of inputs, which are unavailable in standard real-time play. These tools, typically integrated into emulators, allow for rerecording, save states, and deterministic to achieve superhuman accuracy and optimization, exploiting in ways constrained only by the software's ruleset rather than human reflexes. TASes originated in communities during the late 1990s and early 2000s, with early examples including modifications to game code for precise playback as far back as 1991 in , though the practice gained prominence through widely shared videos of (SNES) titles. The first broadly distributed TAS was a "time attack" video by creator Morimoto, released on November 20, 2003, which demonstrated frame-perfect glitches and optimizations, prompting the formation of dedicated communities. TAS creation relies on software modified for tool assistance, such as BizHawk, which supports input recording, frame advance, and scripting for and across multiple platforms. Other tools include libTAS for Linux-based games, providing savestates and input for non-emulated titles. TASVideos.org serves as the primary , hosting thousands of verified submissions with standards requiring movies to be glitch-exploiting, entertaining, and optimally short under specific rulesets, judged by encoders and publishers. processes emphasize : inputs are encoded as .bk2 or similar files, testable on matching hardware , with advanced console using replay devices like to execute TAS inputs on original hardware during live events, confirming authenticity beyond . A related variant, tool-assisted superplay, extends TAS techniques beyond minimal completion time to prioritize entertainment, stylistic flair, or arbitrary goals, such as maximum score or humorous detours, while maintaining tool-enabled precision. Examples include TASes of that incorporate unnecessary acrobatics or enemy manipulations for visual appeal, often shared on platforms like starting around 2004. This form highlights TAS's capacity for creative exploration of deterministic game states, distinct from pure speed but sharing the same foundational tools.

Education

Institutions and programs

(TAS), founded in 1949, is an independent coeducational day school in , , offering an American-based curriculum from through grade 12. The (TAS), established in 1894, is an independent Anglican co-educational early learning, primary, and secondary day and boarding school located in , , , with approximately 640 students including over 230 boarders. Tahquamenon Area Schools (TAS) is a district in , , serving around 497 students across its schools as of the 2024-25 school year. Taipa Area School (TAS) is a state combined primary and intermediate school in , Northland, , originally established as Taipa District High School in 1956 and restructured as an area school in 1976. In New South Wales, Australia, Technological and Applied Studies (TAS) designates a key learning area within the state curriculum framework, integrating mandatory technology subjects from kindergarten through Year 10 to foster practical skills in design, engineering, and applied contexts, with ongoing syllabus updates implemented progressively from 2024. Under the U.S. Elementary and Secondary Education Act Title I, Part A, a Targeted Assistance School (TAS) is a program model in qualifying schools where federal funds support supplemental services exclusively for eligible low-income or underachieving students, rather than schoolwide integration, to directly enhance academic outcomes as measured by state assessments.

Food and drink

Culinary items and terms

Tas kebab, also spelled tas kabab or tas kabob, is a traditional and originating from Middle Eastern cuisines, particularly and Turkish traditions. The dish features cubed or slow-cooked with root vegetables such as potatoes, carrots, and onions in a paste-based , yielding tender and infused flavors after 2 to 3 hours of simmering. Common seasonings include salt, , , and occasionally or spice blend, emphasizing simplicity over complex marinades. Preparation typically begins by the meat and onions in oil, layering with sliced vegetables, diluting with water or , and cooking covered on low heat or in an at around 160°C (320°F) to prevent drying. Historical accounts link it to Ottoman-era practices in , where it was served on large trays with to sultans, reflecting resource-efficient techniques for communal meals. Regional variations include influences with added herbs and Balkan adaptations using mutton over instead of . The name derives from "tas," meaning tray or in Turkish and , alluding to the vessel used for cooking and serving, distinguishing it from grilled despite the . Nutritional composition per serving (approximately 300-400g) provides 25-35g protein from the , alongside 20-30g carbohydrates from , with caloric content around 400-500 kcal, varying by portion and fat content. No clinical studies specifically on tas kebab exist, but its vegetable-meat balance aligns with general dietary patterns in source regions favoring slow-cooked, nutrient-dense stews for winter sustenance.

Military and defense

Units, equipment, and operations

Tactical Air Support Squadrons (TASS) in the United States Air Force were specialized units tasked with forward air control, visual reconnaissance, and coordinating close air support for ground operations. These squadrons integrated airpower with surface forces, directing strikes from tactical aircraft while operating in contested environments. During the Vietnam War, multiple TASS were activated to fulfill these roles, including the 20th TASS on May 8, 1965, at Da Nang Air Base and the 21st TASS on the same date at Pleiku Air Base. The 21st TASS became operational on August 1, 1965, supporting Army units through airborne forward air controllers who marked targets and vectored fighter-bombers. By 1966, the 23rd TASS had deployed to forward locations like Nakhon Phanom Royal Thai Air Force Base, conducting missions in Laos and North Vietnam border areas. These units amassed thousands of sorties, with pilots often flying low-altitude patterns to identify enemy positions and adjust artillery or airstrikes in real time. Key equipment for TASS included the , a twin-turboprop observation and light attack aircraft introduced for USAF evaluation on July 31, 1968, under Combat Bronco. The OV-10 featured armored cockpits, side-firing machine guns, and rocket pods, enabling loiter times up to 4 hours and short takeoff/landing capabilities on unprepared strips. Squadrons like the 19th and 21st employed OV-10s for strike direction and armed reconnaissance, logging over 100,000 hours in by 1972, though losses included operational accidents and enemy fire. The type was phased out by the early 1990s as precision-guided munitions reduced the need for visual FAC platforms. Earlier, units relied on Cessna O-1 Bird Dogs for similar missions before the OV-10's adoption. In a notable operation on June 29, 1972, Capt. Steven Bennett of the 20th flew an OV-10 to coordinate strikes on North Vietnamese anti-aircraft positions near Qui Nhon, persisting under heavy fire until his aircraft was hit, earning a posthumous for his actions. Post-Vietnam, evolved; the 24th reactivated on an unspecified date in 2018 at , , under , shifting to F-16 Fighting Falcon multirole fighters for advanced tactical support and training scenarios. Naval applications of TAS included training simulators like the , used in World War II-era facilities to replicate and surface runs against projected ship targets, aiding fleet preparation. These analog devices simulated attack geometries and responses but were superseded by digital systems post-war.

, , and

Aviation and transportation

True airspeed (TAS) is the actual speed of an relative to the undisturbed surrounding it, distinct from by excluding effects. This metric is essential for accurate flight performance calculations, as it accounts for the aerodynamic forces acting on the independent of atmospheric variations. TAS is derived from (CAS), which corrects for instrument and installation errors, further adjusted for non-standard air using the relation TAS = CAS / √(ρ / ρ₀), where ρ represents the local air and ρ₀ the standard sea-level of 1.225 kg/m³. The underlying measurement relies on the pitot-static system, which captures ( from a forward-facing and ambient from ports; the pressure differential yields CAS, with TAS corrections applied via data from onboard instruments or charts. Early indicators, such as the velometer patented by Frank Short in at the Royal Aircraft Factory, provided initial readings, but TAS computations gained prominence in the 1920s as aircraft altitudes exceeded 10,000 feet, necessitating corrections for reliable and . In aircraft performance documentation, TAS features prominently in charts for determining true climb rates, speeds, and ; for instance, at 10,000 feet in standard atmosphere, a of 200 knots corresponds to approximately 240 knots TAS due to the roughly 20% reduction. These values inform planning and structural load assessments, with pilots using computers or electronic flight bags for real-time conversions based on temperature deviations from the model. In broader transportation contexts, TAS designates Terminal Automation Systems in and , which employ sensors and software for automated tracking and throughput optimization; engineering specifications typically include integration with protocols for real-time data on container velocities up to 5 m/s in operations.

Computing and

In , TAS commonly denotes the atomic operation, which reads the value of a and sets it to a specified value (typically 1 or true) in a single indivisible , returning the original value. This primitive enables efficient implementation of in concurrent programming, such as in spinlocks, where processes repeatedly execute TAS on a shared lock variable until it succeeds, minimizing contention through -level atomicity. Empirical benchmarks demonstrate TAS-based spinlocks achieve low latency in multiprocessor systems under light contention, outperforming software-only solutions by reducing overhead to hardware cycles, though they incur busy-waiting costs in high-contention scenarios. Emulator technologies supporting tool-assisted sequencing leverage scripting languages for precise, deterministic control of inputs and state manipulation, facilitating algorithmic optimization and verification of execution paths. BizHawk, a multi-system emulator developed in C# since approximately 2012, integrates Lua scripting to enable frame-accurate input recording, savestate branching, and memory inspection, allowing users to construct and benchmark optimal input sequences with sub-frame precision. Lua's lightweight embedding in BizHawk supports extensions for real-time analysis, such as RAM watches and conditional automation, which enhance efficiency in exploring vast state spaces—often reducing manual trial-and-error by orders of magnitude compared to unassisted emulation. Post-2010 advancements, including rerecording capabilities and modular cores for systems like NES and SNES, have standardized these tools for reproducible, high-fidelity simulations grounded in cycle-accurate emulation models. In infrastructure, TAS refers to TotalNET Advanced Server, a software suite introduced by Syntax in the for UNIX-based systems like , providing file, print, and application sharing across heterogeneous environments including and clients. TAS integrates with TCP/IP protocols and supports methods such as logons, enabling scalable deployment in WANs with features like NFS interoperability and DFS mounting, as deployed in versions up to 6.1 by the early 2000s. Performance metrics from its era highlight efficient resource sharing, with benchmarks showing sustained throughput for mixed-protocol traffic exceeding 10 MB/s on period hardware, though it has been superseded by modern /CIFS implementations.

Materials and medicine

In , tensile adhesion strength (TAS) measures the maximum tensile stress a bonded interface can withstand before failure, commonly applied to evaluate adhesives in , coatings, and ceramics. This property is quantified via tests, where a loading fixture is attached to the substrate and subjected to perpendicular force until detachment, with failure modes analyzed for cohesive or breaks. Standards such as those from (e.g., D4541 for coatings) and norms (e.g., EN 1348 for adhesives) specify minimum TAS thresholds, often exceeding 0.5 for exterior applications, to ensure durability against environmental stresses like and moisture. Studies on lime-based mortars have shown microstructure influences TAS, with higher correlating to reduced values below 1 after 28-day curing. Additives like industrial byproducts (e.g., bottom ash or steel slag) modulate TAS in cementitious systems; for instance, incorporating 20% bottom ash in tile mortars yielded TAS of approximately 1.2-1.8 MPa under standard curing (23°C, 50% RH), though wet-dry cycles reduced it by up to 30% due to microcracking. High-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) sprayed WC-Co coatings with microcrystalline structures achieved TAS exceeding 60 MPa, outperforming conventional counterparts by enhancing interfacial bonding via refined grain sizes. These metrics, derived from post-2000 empirical data, underscore TAS's role in predictive modeling for material longevity, validated against ASTM methods adopted widely since the early 2000s. In , a subfield intersecting , the Total Alkali-Silica (TAS) diagram classifies volcanic rocks by plotting weight percent SiO₂ against Na₂O + K₂O, delineating fields for , , rhyolite, and based on Le Bas et al.'s 1986 scheme refined through subsequent validations. Modern implementations in tools like pyrolite software process whole-rock to assign TAS categories, aiding studies; for example, ocean island typically fall in the TAS field with SiO₂ <52% and alkalis 2-5%. This empirical framework, grounded in thousands of global samples, avoids subjective modal mineralogy in favor of chemical determinism for altered volcanics. In medicine, TAS designates pharmaceutical agents like TAS-116, a selective Hsp90 inhibitor that impairs client protein folding, potentiating radiotherapy in preclinical models by inhibiting DNA double-strand break repair pathways (e.g., homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining). In human cancer cell lines exposed to 2-6 Gy X-rays or carbon ions, TAS-116 pretreatment increased residual γ-H2AX foci by 50-100% at 24 hours post-irradiation, correlating with reduced clonogenic survival (sensitizer enhancement ratios of 1.3-1.5), without notable normal tissue toxicity in rodent xenografts. Phase II trials of related TAS-117 (an allosteric Akt inhibitor) in advanced solid tumors (e.g., gastric, ovarian) dosed at 25-50 mg daily yielded partial responses in 4-10% of patients, with median progression-free survival of 1.8 months, limited by hyperglycemia and rash but highlighting pathway specificity in PI3K/Akt-driven cancers. TAS also refers to the Thrombolytic Assessment System, a point-of-care device for real-time coagulation monitoring via ecarin clotting time, calibrated against heparin levels (0-1.0 IU/mL) in cardiopulmonary bypass patients. Clinical evaluations in 1998-2000 cohorts (n=50-100) demonstrated linear correlation (r²>0.95) between TAS output and plasma anti-Xa activity, enabling rapid dose adjustments with deviations <10% from lab gold standards, though operator variability and platelet interference necessitated confirmatory assays in thrombocytopenic cases. These applications, supported by peer-reviewed validations, prioritize quantitative endpoints over narrative interpretations in therapeutic decision-making.

Other scientific fields

In and , TAS refers to the Total Alkali-Silica diagram, a standard classification tool for volcanic and subvolcanic rocks plotted as weight percent SiO₂ against the sum of Na₂O + K₂O. The diagram's boundaries, derived empirically from extensive of over 17,000 analyzed rocks, delineate fields for rock types such as , , , and rhyolite, enabling rapid lithological identification without additional modal or normative . This method, formalized by Le Bas et al. in 1986, prioritizes chemical totals normalized to 100% basis to account for volatile loss during analysis, though it assumes representative sampling and accurate or measurements. In , TAS designates Total Analysis Systems, miniaturized platforms—often termed μTAS or —that integrate multiple unit operations including sampling, handling, separation, and detection within a single microfluidic device. These systems reduce volumes to microliters and analysis times to minutes via principles of and diffusion-dominated transport, as governed by the ∂C/∂t = D ∇²C where D is the diffusion coefficient, enabling high-throughput applications like and point-of-care diagnostics. Developments since the 1990s have leveraged and fabrication for portability, with performance validated against bulk methods showing comparable limits of detection, such as parts-per-billion for . In , TAS stands for three-axis spectrometer, a instrument configuration employing sequential , sample, and analyzer crystals to resolve and transfers in and dispersions. The technique derives dispersion relations from the inelastic cross-section proportional to the dynamic S(Q,ω), measured by varying analyzer for fixed incident , typically in the meV range using thermal or cold sources. Upgrades like those to the IN8 spectrometer at ILL in 2023 extend resolution to 0.1 meV via hybrid time-of-flight analyzers, facilitating studies of under extreme conditions.

Sports

Events and teams

In motorsports, TAS refers to Time Attack Series competitions, exemplified by Time Attack Tasmania, an annual event organized by the Hobart Sporting Car Club at Raceway in , . Participants compete for the fastest single-lap times, known as Superlap format, across vehicle classes such as Street (mildly modified cars on street tires), Club (semi-slick tires permitted), Modified (requiring roll cages), and Unlimited (high-performance with slicks), with laps under 57.00 seconds mandating enhanced safety gear including six-point roll cages. Originating from tuning tests in the , these events demand a Motorsport speed event license and club membership for entry. In the 2021 edition, driver Liam Hooper secured overall victory with dominant performances across classes. The series continues with the 2025 event scheduled for April 13, following the 1000 endurance race. In school sports, TAS designates The Associated Schools, a association founded nearly 70 years ago to coordinate inter-school competitions among eight co-educational institutions, emphasizing team sports, individual events, and elite pathways. It hosts carnivals in disciplines including , cross-country running, and , alongside regular fixtures and ladders for sports like , , and soccer, fostering participation from junior to senior levels without specified aggregate stats across events. Teams abbreviated TAS include school-affiliated squads in these frameworks, such as those from , which fielded 22 athletic teams in the 2022-2023 Interscholastic Association of Southeast Asian Schools (IASAS) conference, earning 11 gold, 7 silver, and 4 bronze medals across competitions. In , TAS United Football Club maintains junior teams (under-13 to under-17) competing in local leagues, with trials held annually, such as in November 2025. No major professional leagues feature teams primarily known by the TAS abbreviation, with participation centered on amateur and developmental circuits.

Organizations and government

Government agencies and services

The Taxpayer Advocate Service (TAS) is an independent organization within the U.S. (IRS), established on July 30, 1996, under the Taxpayer Bill of Rights 2 to serve as a primary advocate for taxpayers experiencing significant hardships or delays in resolving IRS issues. Its statutory mission focuses on assisting individual taxpayers in resolving problems with the IRS, identifying systemic issues affecting broad taxpayer groups, and recommending administrative or legislative reforms to mitigate IRS errors and inefficiencies. TAS operates with authority to issue Taxpayer Assistance Orders that temporarily halt IRS collection actions or abate penalties in cases of economic hardship, ensuring taxpayers receive fair treatment without compromising revenue collection. In 2024, TAS closed 232,504 cases, providing relief in 174,818 instances (75.2 percent), including taxpayer assistance orders and adjustments to IRS errors. Since its inception, TAS has resolved account issues for over 5 million and engaged in hundreds of advocacy projects with the IRS to address processing delays and compliance burdens. These efforts counter documented IRS inefficiencies, such as a of approximately 1.2 million Employee Retention Credit claims as of October 26, 2024, many pending over a year, and persistent paper return processing delays that elevate compliance costs through prolonged uncertainty and manual interventions. The proposed Taxpayer Assistance and Service (TAS) Act, released as a discussion draft by the Senate Finance Committee on January 29, 2025, seeks to enhance TAS capabilities and reduce bureaucratic overreach through targeted reforms. Section 108 mandates proactive IRS notifications to taxpayers at risk of economic hardship, enabling earlier access to relief options like installment agreements or offer-in-compromise to prevent escalation of disputes. Section 110 unlocks funding restrictions for Low-Income Taxpayer Clinics (LITCs), allowing grants to cover a broader range of dispute resolution services and thereby amplifying TAS's reach in aiding vulnerable populations against IRS processing errors. These provisions aim to lower overall compliance costs by addressing causal factors in IRS delays, such as inadequate systemic safeguards, without endorsing partisan views but drawing on empirical backlog data to prioritize efficiency.

Businesses and associations

TAS , LLC, a concrete contractor specializing in services for , , and projects, was founded in 1980 in , , and expanded across major markets including Dallas-Fort Worth, , and Austin. Acquired by Marine Group, Inc. (now Orion Group Holdings, Inc.) on August 6, 2015, for $115 million in cash, the company reported $236.2 million in revenue and $24.2 million in EBITDA for full-year 2014 prior to the deal. By 2021, its revenue had reached $337.5 million, reflecting growth in and formed concrete work. In January 2024, TAS was rebranded as to align with its parent company's portfolio, while retaining operations in and . TAS Group S.p.A., an fintech firm headquartered in , develops software solutions for digital payments, card management, capital markets, and systems, serving banks, corporates, and public administrations across and beyond. Established as a provider of electronic money and payment infrastructure, TAS has offices in eight countries and was listed on the before a 2021 private equity investment that valued it at approximately €200 million in enterprise value. Its platforms support real-time payments, IBAN-based transfers, and secure , with a focus on in the EU digital ecosystem. The Association of (TAS), a representing staffing agencies in , advocates for the industry through legislative , ethical standards promotion, and member networking events. Founded to address sector interests, TAS provides resources on temporary-to-permanent placements, compliance, and workforce solutions, while hosting executive retreats and policy forums to influence state regulations on labor and employment. As of 2018, it positions itself as the primary voice for staffing firms, emphasizing collaboration amid industry consolidation and economic shifts.

Miscellaneous uses

General terms and abbreviations

In environmental regulation, TAS denotes "" or "," a designation under U.S. federal laws administered by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that permits eligible federally recognized tribes to exercise regulatory authority equivalent to states for specific programs, such as those under the Clean Air Act, , and . This status, first authorized in the 1980s through amendments like the 1987 provision in section 518(e), requires tribes to demonstrate adequate authority to regulate standards or air emissions on their lands, with over 50 tribes approved for TAS as of 2025 across various statutes. In professional actuarial standards, TAS 200 refers to the Technical Actuarial Standard for , a guideline issued by the UK's (FRC) that specifies procedural and ethical requirements for actuaries performing insurance-related work, including risk assessment and financial reporting. Revisions to TAS 200, published on September 20, 2024, incorporate updates to reflect evolving insurance regulations, such as those from the , while streamlining guidance to promote consistent, high-quality outputs without altering core principles. TAS also serves as the official postal abbreviation for , 's island state, used in addressing mail and official documents since the adoption of the Australia Post's two-letter state codes in 1980. This usage aligns with national standards for geographic designations, distinguishing it from other abbreviations in non-geospatial contexts.