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3-2

3–2 may refer to:

Arts and entertainment

Mr. 3-2

Christopher Juel Barriere (July 11, 1972 – November 10, 2016), professionally known as Mr. 3-2 or Lord 3-2, was an American rapper from Houston, Texas, renowned for his contributions to southern hip hop. He rose to prominence in the early 1990s as part of the duo Convicts alongside Big Mike, signing with Rap-A-Lot Records and releasing their self-titled debut album in 1991, which featured production from pioneers like N.O. Joe and J. Prince. Barriere's stage name derived from the alphabetical positions of his initials (C as the third letter, B as the second). His early career also included affiliations with groups such as Blac Monks and Southside Playaz, where he collaborated closely with artists like Fat Pat, showcasing his versatile flow and storytelling abilities in tracks emphasizing street life and southern resilience.^[1]^[2] A core member of DJ Screw's Screwed Up Click (SUC), Mr. 3-2 played a pivotal role in popularizing the chopped and screwed subgenre, a slowed-down, bass-heavy remixing technique that defined Houston's sound in the 1990s. He appeared on numerous SUC mixtapes and tracks, often alongside Lil' Keke, Z-Ro, Big Moe, and other affiliates, contributing verses that blended gritty narratives with melodic hooks. His involvement extended to collaborations with major figures like UGK on the track "One Day" from their 1996 album Ridin' Dirty, Scarface, Snoop Dogg, and 8 Ball & MJG, helping bridge Houston's scene with broader southern and West Coast rap. These partnerships highlighted his adaptability and cemented his status as a reliable feature artist in the Dirty South movement.^[2]^[3] Mr. 3-2's solo discography spanned independent and major-label releases, reflecting his evolution from underground staple to established solo act. Notable albums include The Wicked Buddah Baby (1996) on Rap-A-Lot, which captured the raw energy of mid-1990s Houston rap, and Family Ties (2006) on Game Face Entertainment, featuring introspective tracks on loyalty and survival. Later works like The Governor (2001) and Fatt Domino (2008) demonstrated his enduring presence, often incorporating chopped and screwed elements. Key solo tracks such as "Hit the Highway" exemplified his charismatic delivery and thematic focus on mobility and hustle.^[4]^[5] Barriere's legacy endures as a pioneer of Houston's rap ecosystem, with his verses appearing across decades and influencing subsequent generations through SUC's cultural footprint. Posthumously, he received recognition via tributes like the 2025 mini-documentary Mr. 3-2 Tribute, featuring interviews with Bun B, Scarface, and Z-Ro, underscoring his impact on the city's hip hop history. Tragically, his life ended at age 44 when he was fatally shot in the back of the head during an altercation at a southwest Houston gas station, an incident tied to personal disputes among acquaintances.^[1]^[6]^[2]

3-2 (song)

"3-2" (さんひくに, San Hiku Ni) is a single by the Japanese idol group HKT48, released on April 22, 2020, as their 13th single under EMI Records.^[7] The track was written by lyricist Yasushi Akimoto, composed by Katsuhiko Sugiyama, and arranged by Sugiyama and Manabu Yachi, with Akimoto also serving as producer. It marks the group's first release following the graduation of longtime leader Rino Sashihara, signaling a new phase in HKT48's development as a prominent sister act to AKB48.^[8] The song's choreography features Unjo Hirona as the center performer for the first time, emphasizing synchronized group formations that highlight unity and individual spotlight moments typical of idol performances.^[9] Lyrically, "3-2" explores themes of youth and emotional perseverance through a narrative of unspoken feelings in a close-knit trio, reflecting the complexities of relationships and group dynamics akin to the idols' own experiences. The music video, directed by KASICO, showcases the members in school uniforms performing energetic dance routines in various settings, underscoring a youthful, school-life aesthetic.^[10] Commercially, "3-2" debuted at number one on the Billboard Japan Hot 100, driven by strong physical sales of 172,981 copies in its first week.^[11] It also topped the Oricon Weekly Singles Chart in its debut week, surpassing 100,000 units sold initially and contributing to HKT48's ongoing expansion in the J-pop landscape with appearances on major Japanese television programs.^[12] This release solidified the group's position in the idol genre, blending traditional AKB48 influences with regional Hakata flair.^[8]

Sports

3-2 zone

The 3-2 zone defense is a basketball strategy where three defenders position themselves across the perimeter near the free-throw line extended, while the remaining two defenders anchor the baseline and paint area to protect the basket and facilitate rebounding.^[13] This alignment aims to clog driving lanes and the middle of the court, forcing opponents to shoot from outside or turn the ball over.^[14] The top three defenders typically include quicker guards and wings who deny passes to the corners and high post, with the bottom two often featuring taller players to contest shots inside.^[15] The origins of the 3-2 zone trace back to the early 20th century, when coach Cam Henderson of Bristol High School in West Virginia first employed it in 1914 against a slippery court surface that made man-to-man defense impractical.^[16] Henderson's innovation, later refined at Marshall University, marked the birth of structured zone defenses, evolving from ad hoc area coverage into a formalized tactic by the mid-20th century as college programs experimented with it to counter faster offenses.^[17] Although coaches like Adolph Rupp initially favored man-to-man, they incorporated zone elements, including variations, in college play during the 1960s to adapt to rule changes and athletic mismatches.^[18] This defense offers a balance between perimeter containment and interior protection, effectively limiting dribble penetration into the paint while enabling quick traps on the wings for turnovers.^[13] It promotes strong rebounding from the baseline players and disrupts standard offensive sets by overloading the middle, making it suitable for teams with height advantages inside.^[14] However, it can be vulnerable to high ball screens that pull the top defenders out of position, allowing roll cuts to the rim, and may struggle with weak-side rebounding if the bottom players overcommit to help.^[13] In professional basketball, the NBA legalized zone defenses in 2001 after decades of prohibition, leading to occasional 3-2 implementations. Prior to this, teams like the 1990s Detroit Pistons relied on aggressive man-to-man but influenced later hybrid zones with their physical interior focus.^[19] In international FIBA competitions, where zones have long been permitted, the 3-2 has been a staple for underdog teams, as seen in systems emphasizing baseline traps.^[20] Variations of the 3-2 include tightening the top line for fast-break denial or shifting to a "point-drop" setup where the point defender sags into the high post against spread offenses.^[21] Against pick-and-roll heavy attacks, coaches adjust by having the middle defender hedge screens, as UCLA did in a 2017 matchup versus Arizona to force contested mid-range shots.^[22] These adaptations highlight the 3-2's flexibility in key games, such as college tournaments where it neutralizes star perimeter players by funneling them into crowded lanes.^[23]

3-2 count

In baseball, a 3-2 count, also known as a full count, occurs when a batter has received three balls and two strikes during a plate appearance.^[24] This situation leaves the batter one ball away from a walk and one strike away from a strikeout, making the next pitch pivotal in determining the outcome, unless the batter fouls it off or puts the ball in play.^[25] The 3-2 count holds significant strategic importance, as it intensifies the confrontation between pitcher and batter, often resulting in high-leverage decisions such as the use of a pitcher's best offering or, in some cases, an intentional walk to avoid risking a hit.^[26] Pitchers typically throw strikes about 58% of the time in full counts (as of 2018), reflecting the pressure to avoid issuing a free base, while batters swing selectively to capitalize on potential mistakes.^[26] Statistically, full counts favor the batter slightly, with an on-base average of approximately 0.420 driven by a 28.4% walk probability, alongside a batting average of 0.190 when the ball is put in play.^[27] The rules establishing the 3-2 count as part of baseball's framework emerged in the late 19th century, with the three-strike strikeout formalized in 1887 and the four-ball walk adopted in 1889 by Major League Baseball's predecessor leagues.^[28] These changes aimed to balance offensive and defensive dynamics, reducing overly lenient prior standards like nine-ball walks.^[29] Notable examples include Barry Bonds' record-breaking 756th career home run on August 7, 2007, against Washington Nationals pitcher Mike Bacsik on a 3-2 count, which propelled the ball 382 feet into the right-center field stands at AT&T Park.^[30] Bonds, already a prolific power hitter, showcased the count's drama by turning a high-stakes pitch into a historic milestone.^[31] In Major League Baseball, full counts arise in about 10-15% of plate appearances, a frequency that underscores their influence on game strategy by prolonging at-bats and increasing opportunities for walks or extra-base hits.^[27] This rate has remained relatively stable over decades, contributing to tactical shifts like prioritizing early-count strikes to prevent reaching such tense scenarios.^[32]

Education

3-2 engineering

The 3-2 engineering program, also known as a dual-degree engineering pathway, enables students to obtain a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree from a liberal arts college after three years of study, typically in a STEM-related field such as physics or mathematics, followed by two years at an affiliated engineering institution to earn a Bachelor of Science (BS) in engineering.^[33] This five-year structure allows participants to complete both degrees concurrently, with the liberal arts phase emphasizing foundational sciences, mathematics, and humanities courses, while the engineering phase focuses on specialized technical training in areas like mechanical, electrical, or civil engineering.^[34] The program is designed for students seeking a balanced education that integrates broad intellectual development with professional engineering preparation.^[35] These programs emerged in the United States during the mid-20th century as a response to the need for engineers with strong liberal arts backgrounds, with Columbia University's Combined Plan serving as one of the earliest and most influential models.^[36] Columbia's program, which partners with nearly 100 liberal arts institutions, was established as a pioneer in dual-degree engineering education, facilitating transfers for advanced study in engineering disciplines. Similarly, Washington University's Dual Degree Program, originally called the Three-Two Plan, began admitting students in 1973 and has since expanded to include over 100 affiliated schools nationwide.^[37] Today, more than 100 U.S. colleges participate in various 3-2 engineering partnerships, reflecting the model's widespread adoption.^[38] A key benefit of 3-2 programs is the combination of a comprehensive humanities and social sciences education during the initial three years, which fosters critical thinking and communication skills, with rigorous technical expertise gained in the final two years, producing versatile professionals well-suited for diverse engineering roles.^[39] Graduates often report enhanced adaptability in interdisciplinary fields, such as sustainable energy or biomedical engineering, due to this holistic approach.^[40] Additionally, the dual-degree format allows students to explore extracurricular interests at the liberal arts institution before committing to specialized engineering coursework.^[41] Admission to 3-2 programs generally requires a strong foundation in STEM subjects during high school, including advanced mathematics and sciences, and is competitive based on academic performance at the liberal arts college.^[33] Students typically apply for transfer to the engineering partner in their junior year, needing to meet prerequisites like multivariable calculus, differential equations, physics, and chemistry, along with a minimum GPA (often 3.0 or higher).^[42] Upon completion, graduates receive an ABET-accredited BS in engineering, making them eligible to pursue professional engineering licensure after fulfilling experience and exam requirements.^[35] Notable examples include Columbia University's Combined Plan, where students complete core liberal arts requirements and specific pre-engineering courses—such as two semesters of calculus, general physics, and chemistry—before transitioning to advanced engineering topics like materials science or computer engineering.^[42] At Washington University, the program emphasizes a similar progression, with affiliates preparing students in foundational math and sciences (e.g., linear algebra and mechanics) for concentrations in chemical, systems, or environmental engineering during the final two years.^[35] These curricula ensure seamless integration between institutions while maintaining academic rigor.^[36]

3-2 course format

In academic course descriptions, particularly in higher education institutions, the "3-2" notation refers to a format indicating three hours of lecture or classroom instruction and two hours of laboratory, discussion, or hands-on practice per week. This structure is commonly used to denote the weekly contact hours for a course, often resulting in four credit hours under the Carnegie unit system, where one credit typically equates to one hour of lecture plus two hours of outside preparation, with laboratory time contributing additional credits based on contact intensity. For instance, at the Virginia Military Institute, a "3-2-4" designation explicitly means three lecture hours, two laboratory hours, and four semester credit hours.^[43] This format is prevalent in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines, where courses like physics laboratories or chemistry experiments require integrated theoretical and practical components. Universities such as Texas A&M incorporate similar notations in their catalogs; for example, courses in biological sciences or materials engineering may list 2-2 or adjusted ratios but align with the 3-2 principle for balanced workloads, emphasizing hands-on application in fields like computational genomics or biomedical mechanics. At MIT, a comparable 3-2 distribution appears in subject planning, with three hours of lecture/recitation and two hours of laboratory contributing to overall units that reflect five contact hours weekly. The purpose of this format is to balance conceptual learning through lectures with experiential practice in labs, thereby enhancing student comprehension, skill development, and retention while influencing scheduling to accommodate equipment and safety needs in STEM environments.^[44]^[45]^[46] Variations of the 3-2 format include extensions like (3-2-0), which omits recitation or additional discussion hours, or (3-3/2), indicating three lab hours every other week to adjust for intensive sessions. These notations trace historical roots to the Carnegie unit, established in 1906 by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching to standardize credit allocation across U.S. institutions, ensuring one unit requires at least 120 hours of student work including class time. The format impacts institutional operations, such as tuition billing based on credit hours—e.g., a 3-2 course often incurs fees equivalent to four units—and faculty teaching loads, which count contact hours for workload distribution, as seen in course catalogs from public universities like Texas A&M. Such structures support programs like 3-2 engineering by providing foundational courses with this scheduling convention.^[47]^[48]

Media and technology

Three-two pulldown

The three-two pulldown, also known as 3:2 pulldown, is a technique used in video production to convert 24 frames per second (fps) film footage to 29.97 fps NTSC video by repeating film frames in a specific pattern to match the video frame rate without altering playback speed. This process involves displaying the first film frame for three video fields (one and a half frames), followed by the next frame for two video fields, and repeating the cycle, effectively converting four film frames into five video frames over 10 fields.^[49]^[50] By distributing the extra fields evenly, it avoids the judder that would result from simply speeding up the film by 25% to fit 30 fps.^[50] Developed in the 1940s by RCA Laboratories to facilitate the transfer of motion picture film to early television broadcasts, the method addressed the mismatch between film's 24 fps standard and NTSC television's 60 fields per second interlaced format.^[51] It became a standard in post-production workflows, including software like Adobe Premiere Pro, where it is applied during editing or export to insert the cadence automatically when converting progressive 23.976 fps sequences to interlaced 29.97 fps. Technically, the pulldown follows a repeating sequence labeled as A-B-B-C-C-D, where frame A is held for three fields and frames B, C, and D for two fields each, creating "fudge frames" that blend adjacent film frames to maintain timing.^[50] This was widely used in Hollywood for film-to-tape transfers in telecine processes until the rise of digital intermediates in the late 1990s, which allowed direct digital scanning and editing without analog conversion.^[50] Today, inverse telecine serves as a common alternative, reconstructing the original 24 fps progressive frames from pulldown video for cleaner playback on modern displays.^[52] Despite its effectiveness, three-two pulldown can introduce motion artifacts known as combing, where mismatched fields from different film frames create jagged edges during fast movement, particularly in the blended B, C, and D positions.^[52] These artifacts are more noticeable on progressive displays without proper deinterlacing and were common in older television versions of films transferred via this method.^[52]

3-2-1 backup rule

The 3-2-1 backup rule is a data protection strategy that recommends maintaining three total copies of data, stored on two different types of media, with at least one copy kept offsite.^[53] This approach ensures redundancy against localized failures, such as hardware malfunctions or site-specific disasters, while the use of diverse media—such as hard disk drives (HDDs) for local storage and tape or cloud services for secondary copies—reduces the risk of a single failure mode compromising all backups.^[54] The rule originated in the early 2000s, introduced by photographer Peter Krogh in his 2005 book Digital Asset Management for Photographers to safeguard digital image files, and gained widespread adoption in the 2010s as cloud storage became prevalent.^[55] To implement the 3-2-1 rule, organizations start with the original production data on primary storage, create a local backup copy on a different medium like an external HDD or network-attached storage (NAS), and then replicate a third copy to an offsite location, such as magnetic tape archives or cloud platforms like Amazon Web Services (AWS) S3.^[56] This process can be automated using tools like Backblaze or Acronis, which handle scheduling, encryption, and verification to streamline compliance without manual intervention.^[57] The strategy's benefits include enhanced resilience to ransomware attacks, which affected over 66% of organizations in 2023 according to industry reports, as well as protection from hardware failures and natural disasters through geographic separation and media diversity.^[58] Variations of the rule have evolved to address modern threats; for instance, the 3-2-1-1-0 extension adds a requirement for one air-gapped copy (isolated from networks) and zero tolerance for errors via regular testing.^[59] The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) endorses the core 3-2-1 principles in its ransomware mitigation guidelines, emphasizing it as a foundational practice for data recovery.^[54] Veeam, a leading backup software provider, has further promoted the rule through its community resources and product integrations since the early 2010s.^[53] In practice, media organizations like Netflix apply the 3-2-1 rule to protect production assets during footage ingest, requiring three copies across two media types with one offsite to prevent loss from errors or deletions.^[60]

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Apr 13, 2020 · 3 copies of data; 2 different media types; At least 1 copy off site. To break this concept down further, the three copies of data are three ...Missing: origins NIST<|control11|><|separator|>
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3-2-1-1-0 Golden Backup Rule | Veeam Community Resource Hub
Feb 18, 2021 · 3 : Maintain at least 3 copies of your data · 2 : Store the backups on 2 different media · 1 : Store at least 1 of the copies at an offsite ...Missing: origins | Show results with:origins
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Netflix Footage Ingest Overview - Netflix | Partner Help Center
Upload to Netflix. Follow a 3:2:1 backup strategy (3 total copies, 2 media types, 1 offsite); Use a professional offload tool that creates an ASCMHL (or ...