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Agmark

Agmark is a certification mark used on agricultural products in India to assure consumers that the goods conform to government-approved quality standards, ensuring purity, safety, and suitability for human consumption. Introduced as a voluntary scheme, it serves as a third-party guarantee of quality, facilitating fair trade and protecting buyers from substandard or adulterated produce. Following a 2024 amendment by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), the scheme is now entirely voluntary. The origins of Agmark trace back to the Agricultural Produce (Grading and Marking) Act of 1937, which was amended in to strengthen enforcement and expand its scope, with the concept initially proposed in 1934 to standardize . This empowers the government to formulate and notify grade standards for various commodities, promoting hygienic production and export readiness in line with international norms like those of the (WTO). Administered by the Directorate of Marketing and Inspection (DMI), an attached office under the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Agmark operates from its head office in , , with regional branches across to oversee certification. As of 2025, it covers quality grading and certification for 248 agricultural commodities, including cereals, pulses, oilseeds, spices, fruits, , and semi-processed goods, with standards developed as Grading and Marking Rules specific to each product. To obtain Agmark certification, producers or packers apply through state boards or DMI offices, submitting documentation on , undergoing laboratory testing for compliance, and receiving authorization to use the Agmark logo only after field verification. This process enhances market competitiveness for farmers and traders by building consumer trust, enabling better pricing, and supporting both domestic sales and international exports.

Overview and Purpose

Definition and Scope

Agmark is a voluntary certification mark applied to agricultural produce in India, signifying that the products meet government-approved quality standards through grading and marking. It serves as a third-party guarantee of quality, helping consumers and traders identify reliable products in the market. Administered by the Directorate of Marketing and Inspection (DMI) under the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Agmark focuses exclusively on raw and semi-processed agricultural commodities. Its scope encompasses 248 specified items, including food grains, pulses, oilseeds, spices, fruits, and vegetables, but deliberately excludes processed foods, which are regulated by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI). Following amendments by the FSSAI in , the scheme is now entirely voluntary for all covered commodities, promoting to boost competitiveness in domestic trade and exports. As of 2025, Agmark's reach extends nationwide through DMI's network of offices and laboratories, with certification processes increasingly integrated via digital platforms such as the Agmarkonline portal for efficient application and verification.

Objectives and Benefits

The core objectives of Agmark are to standardize the quality of agricultural produce through grading and marking, thereby protecting consumers from substandard or adulterated products, enabling farmers to secure higher market prices based on verifiable quality, and fostering practices across the . This defines grade designations and specifies marks under the Agricultural Produce (Grading and Marking) Act, 1937, ensuring consistent quality benchmarks for diverse commodities. Farmers benefit significantly from Agmark certification, as it allows them to command prices for high-grade and simplifies access to institutional credit, such as loans collateralized by certified quality. Traders experience reduced quality-related disputes, smoother for movement, and greater , which enhances overall . For consumers, the certification provides assurance of product purity, , and compliance with defined standards, offering protection against health risks and better value in purchases. Agmark plays a key role in export facilitation by aligning Indian agricultural products with international quality norms, thereby boosting competitiveness in global markets. For example, has supported increased exports of rice by ensuring adherence to buyer-specified standards, while pre-shipment inspections under Agmark for fresh fruits and have gained approval from the , aiding shipments to the . The scheme covers grade standards for 248 commodities, with over 6,000 authorization holders certifying substantial domestic and export volumes annually under the oversight of the Directorate of and Inspection.

Historical Development

Origin and Etymology

The term "Agmark" is a portmanteau derived from "Ag," shorthand for , and "mark," denoting a stamp or grade designation, coined during to signify for agricultural products. This naming reflected the growing emphasis on standardized labeling to facilitate trade and consumer trust in . Precursors to Agmark emerged in the 1920s through provincial government initiatives experimenting with produce grading to improve marketing efficiency and reduce disputes in local trade. A pivotal recommendation came from the Royal Commission on Agriculture in 1928, which advocated for the establishment of grading and systems for agricultural commodities to address inconsistencies in quality assessment and enhance export competitiveness. These early efforts laid the groundwork amid economic pressures, including fluctuating prices and adulteration issues prevalent in interwar . The formal origin of Agmark traces to the Agricultural Produce (Grading and Marking) Act of 1937, enacted by the colonial government on February 24 to regulate the grading, marking, and certification of agricultural produce during a period of economic instability exacerbated by the . The legislation aimed to curb malpractices such as adulteration and quality misrepresentation in colonial trade networks, initially focusing on staple commodities like grains (e.g., and ), oilseeds, pulses, and other essentials listed in the Act's schedule to ensure uniform standards and protect both producers and buyers.

Key Milestones and Evolution

Following India's independence in 1947, the Agmark certification system was nationalized under the , with the Directorate of Marketing and Inspection (DMI) assuming full responsibility for its enforcement and expansion across the . Originally established in 1935 to implement policies, the DMI was restructured as an attached office of the Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, enabling nationwide standardization of agricultural produce grading. In the post-independence era, Agmark underwent significant expansion to address the needs of a growing . By the , the system had developed grade standards for 205 commodities, encompassing pulses, cereals, essential oils, vegetable oils, fruits, vegetables, and other allied products, reflecting a marked increase from its initial focus on select items like and . This broadening was supported by the to the Agricultural (Grading and Marking) in 1986, which enhanced legal provisions for and extended coverage to processed agricultural goods. To bolster testing and certification capabilities, the DMI developed an extensive laboratory infrastructure in the 1970s and beyond, establishing a central Agmark laboratory in along with 11 regional laboratories to conduct analytical assessments for grading compliance. These facilities played a crucial role in ensuring objective quality verification amid rising domestic and export demands. The 1990s marked Agmark's adaptation to , with standards revised to align with requirements following India's and WTO accession in 1995, facilitating smoother integration into global markets. In the , accelerated the system's efficiency; the online Agmark portal was launched on September 26, , allowing applicants to submit, track, and receive grading authorizations digitally, reducing processing times and enhancing accessibility for producers. As of November 2025, Agmark covers 248 commodities.

Governing Legislation

The Agricultural Produce (Grading and Marking) Act, 1937 (Act No. 1 of 1937), forms the core legislation governing the Agmark system in , establishing a framework for quality grading and certification of agricultural produce to protect consumers and promote . The Act authorizes the to notify grade standards, define quality parameters for each grade, and prescribe the Agmark as the official certification symbol, ensuring that marked products meet specified criteria for purity, composition, and other attributes. Key provisions outline marking requirements, mandating that certified produce bear the Agmark along with grade details, while prohibiting unauthorized or misleading use of the symbol. The Act also enables the government to include additional commodities in schedules for grading and to issue rules for implementation, including the General Grading and Marking Rules, 1988. Amendments have refined the Act over time, with the 1986 update (Act No. 76 of 1986) expanding its application to facilitate export-oriented grading, incorporating provisions for alignment and enhanced consumer safeguards against adulteration. In the , the Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Act, 2023, further modified the legislation by decriminalizing minor offenses—replacing imprisonment with graded monetary penalties (up to ten lakh rupees for serious violations)—to streamline compliance while preserving enforcement rigor. These changes reflect evolving priorities toward business ease without compromising oversight. Enforcement is vested in authorized officers, who hold powers to inspect premises, examine records and samples, seize non-compliant goods, and conduct inquiries; adjudication of offenses occurs through designated officers, with appeals possible to higher authorities. The Act integrates with the , by requiring mandatory Agmark certification for select essential items like blended edible oils and , ensuring graded quality in regulated supply chains to curb and adulteration. The Act's scope is limited to scheduled agricultural produce—such as cereals, pulses, oilseeds, fruits, , and allied items like and eggs—excluding non-agricultural products; while certification remains voluntary for most commodities, marking is compulsory for notified ones to maintain market integrity and prevent deceptive practices.

Role of Directorate of Marketing and Inspection

The Directorate of Marketing and Inspection (DMI) functions as the nodal agency responsible for administering the Agmark certification scheme, operating as an attached office under the Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare within the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, . Established to promote standardized grading and for agricultural produce, DMI ensures compliance with national standards to facilitate and . Headquartered in , , with a branch head office in , , DMI maintains a nationwide network comprising 11 regional offices, 27 sub-offices, and associated laboratories to support its operations. The organizational hierarchy is led by the Agricultural Marketing Adviser to the , who concurrently serves as Joint (), overseeing deputy agricultural marketing advisers, regional controllers, marketing officers, and field staff deployed across regions for enforcement and monitoring activities. As of 2025, DMI's staffing structure supports these functions through specialized cadres in , quality control, and administration, though exact figures fluctuate with recruitment needs. Key responsibilities of DMI include notifying and updating grade standards for 248 agricultural commodities under the provisions of the Agricultural Produce (Grading and Marking) Act, 1937; conducting routine inspections of licensed premises and products; issuing certification marks upon verification of quality compliance; and maintaining a centralized national registry of licensees via the AGMARK online portal to track certifications and ensure traceability. These activities are funded through annual budgetary allocations from the , integrated within the broader outlay, which supports operational costs, infrastructure maintenance, and capacity building. DMI fosters collaboration with state governments by providing advisory support on market regulation and , enabling coordinated implementation of Agmark across states. Additionally, it engages with international bodies such as the Commission to harmonize Agmark standards with global norms, enhancing the export competitiveness of Indian agricultural products.

Certification Process

Application and Eligibility

Agmark certification is available to farmers, cooperatives, traders, and exporters involved in the production, processing, packing, or export of notified agricultural commodities under the scheme. As of August 2025, relaxed processing charges and requirements apply to Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) and Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs) to facilitate their participation. Eligibility requires that applicants demonstrate compliance with the prescribed grade standards for the relevant commodities and maintain a record free of prior violations or revocations under Agmark regulations. Furthermore, applicants must possess adequate infrastructure for handling, processing, and packing the commodities, along with access to an approved Agmark grading laboratory for quality verification. The application process begins with online submission through the Directorate of Marketing and Inspection (DMI) portal at agmarkonline.dmi.gov.in, where applicants select the option for a new Certificate of Authorisation (CA) applicable to their or packing and specified . Required details include registration information, commodity descriptions, , and layout. Supporting encompasses proof of commodity origin (such as purchase invoices or records), declarations, self-assessment reports against grade standards, authenticated test reports from recognized laboratories, and consent letters if utilizing external facilities. A processing fee of Rs. 2,000 must accompany the submission via , as per current guidelines; this fee is non-refundable. Following submission, the DMI conducts a preliminary of the application and documents, with approvals typically issued within 30-40 days upon verification, including . In urgent scenarios, such as for shipments, provisional Certificates of Authorisation may be granted to enable timely grading and marking. The Directorate of Marketing and Inspection maintains oversight throughout to uphold scheme integrity.

Grading, Testing, and Certification

The grading process under Agmark evaluates agricultural based on established physical, chemical, and biological parameters to assign appropriate quality grades, such as Grade 1 (superior quality), Grade 2 (standard), or Grade 3 (fair average), depending on the specific standards set by the Directorate of Marketing and Inspection (DMI). This assessment ensures that products meet predefined quality thresholds before certification, promoting uniformity in trade and . Testing protocols commence with the collection of representative samples from the applicant's premises or production lots, following scientific methods to ensure accuracy and avoid bias in representing the entire batch. These samples are then analyzed in NABL-accredited Agmark laboratories using standardized procedures for parameters including purity, moisture content, and contaminants, adhering to ISO/IEC 17025 guidelines for competence in testing. The analysis involves physical inspections (e.g., visual and dimensional checks), chemical assays (e.g., for composition and adulterants), and biological evaluations (e.g., for microbial load), with results determining compliance to the assigned grade. Upon successful testing and grading, a of Agmark Grading is issued by an authorized DMI officer in a specified proforma, permitting the applicant to stamp or label the certified products with the Agmark , along with details such as the grade designation, lot number, packer information, and net quantity. The of Authorisation, which enables ongoing grading and marking, remains valid for five years from the date of issuance, after which renewal requires submission of an application at least 30 days prior to expiry, accompanied by re-inspection and of continued . For individual product lots, the applies to the stamped batch without a fixed expiry, though periodic re-testing may be mandated for perishable or time-sensitive commodities. Quality control measures include random audits by DMI field officers, who draw check samples from certified premises and markets to verify ongoing adherence to standards. Non-compliance detected through these audits, such as substandard quality or improper marking, can result in immediate revocation of the of Authorisation, of grading privileges, or legal penalties under the Agricultural (Grading and Marking) , 1937. These mechanisms ensure sustained integrity in the Agmark scheme, with surveillance extended to export consignments where additional health certificates may be required.

Covered Commodities and Standards

Categories of Commodities

Agmark certification encompasses a wide of agricultural and horticultural commodities, with grade standards notified by the Directorate of Marketing and Inspection (DMI) under the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, . As of 2025, there are 248 notified commodities eligible for , focusing primarily on primary produce and select processed items that benefit from to prevent adulteration and ensure consistency. These commodities are grouped into major categories based on their type and relevance, prioritizing staples and items susceptible to quality variations in domestic trade. The primary categories include cereals and pulses, which form the backbone of . Examples encompass , , for cereals, and lentils, gram, and for pulses, as these are essential staples often graded for purity, content, and foreign matter to protect interests. Oilseeds and edible oils represent another key group, including , mustard seeds, and derived products like and vegetable oils, which are certified to verify absence of adulterants and adherence to standards, given their vulnerability to mixing with inferior oils. Fruits and constitute a diverse category, covering items such as apples, onions, grapes, and chillies, selected for their perishability and regional variations in quality that necessitate standardized grading for . Spices and condiments form a specialized group, with examples like , , and , where certification addresses common issues like extraneous matter and artificial coloring to maintain authenticity in culinary and markets. Other commodities include animal-origin basics such as eggs and , alongside limited dairy derivatives like and , but exclude broader processed foods or extensive animal products beyond these essentials. Inclusion under Agmark is determined by the potential for adulteration or significant fluctuations, with emphasis on unprocessed or minimally processed agricultural items intended for domestic consumption, rendering the scheme voluntary except for specified products like blended edible oils. This categorization ensures targeted , balancing coverage of high-volume staples against niche, high-risk products.

Grade Specifications and Quality Parameters

Agmark grade specifications establish uniform criteria for agricultural commodities to ensure consistency, safety, and marketability, with parameters tailored to each product's characteristics. These standards typically include limits on content to prevent spoilage, foreign to maintain purity, and defect allowances to account for minor imperfections without compromising overall . For instance, cereals and pulses under Agmark must generally have a maximum content of 12-14%, foreign limited to less than 1%, and damaged grains not exceeding 5%, as defined in the respective grading rules notified by the Directorate of and (DMI). Commodity-specific parameters further refine these general criteria to highlight unique attributes essential for grading. In , standards emphasize aroma evaluated through sensory assessment and grain length, requiring premium grades to have grains averaging at least 6.6 mm with a characteristic nutty fragrance, alongside foreign below 0.5% and not exceeding 13%. For oils, quality is assessed via chemical indicators such as acidity (free fatty acid content limited to 3% or less in superior grades) and (not more than 10 meq/kg to ensure freshness and oxidative stability), preventing rancidity and adulteration. These parameters are outlined in the Basmati Rice (Export) Grading and Marking Rules, 2018, and Vegetable Oils Grading and Marking Rules, 1993, respectively. Standards have evolved to incorporate modern safety concerns, with pesticide residue limits integrated post-2010 to align with Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) under the Food Safety and Standards Authority of (FSSAI) and , requiring residues to be below specified thresholds (e.g., 0.01-0.5 mg/kg for common s in grains). By 2025, Agmark has extended to variants, mandating compliance with National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) guidelines, including zero synthetic residues and from accredited bodies for products like pulses and oils. Full schedules of these specifications are detailed in official Gazette notifications issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.

Laboratories and Infrastructure

Central Agmark Laboratory

The Central Agmark Laboratory (CAL), situated in , , functions as the apex research and reference facility within India's Agmark quality certification framework under the Directorate of Marketing and Inspection (DMI). It operates as the central hub for advancing analytical methodologies and ensuring uniformity in agricultural product grading across the country. Key functions of the CAL encompass the development of innovative grading standards through scientific research, the training of analysts for regional facilities, and the calibration of laboratory equipment to maintain high precision in testing protocols. The laboratory specializes in conducting advanced analyses, including pesticide residue detection and microbiological assessments, which are essential for verifying compliance with Agmark specifications in complex commodities like spices, oils, and cereals. These efforts support the overall integrity of the certification process by providing reference benchmarks and methodological guidelines. The infrastructure at is equipped with state-of-the-art analytical tools, such as (HPLC) systems, (GC) units, and UV-visible spectrophotometers, alongside dedicated microbiology laboratories for pathogen detection and quality evaluation. This setup enables the handling of diverse sample types, from verification to contaminant screening, ensuring robust support for Agmark's objectives. In its advisory capacity, the provides the DMI with evidence-based recommendations for revising Agmark standards, drawing on ongoing research data and quality trend analyses as of 2025 to adapt to evolving agricultural practices and benchmarks. It briefly coordinates with the network of 11 Regional Agmark Laboratories by disseminating standardized procedures and reference materials.

Regional Agmark Laboratories

The Regional Agmark Laboratories (RALs) constitute a decentralized network of 11 facilities under the Directorate of Marketing and Inspection (DMI), designed to facilitate efficient, localized quality testing for agricultural commodities across . These laboratories were established progressively from the onward to bolster regional enforcement of Agmark standards, with the full network operational by the early . Strategically located in major agricultural zones, the RALs are situated in cities including Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Amritsar, Bhopal, Guwahati, Lucknow, and Cochin, ensuring proximity to key production and marketing hubs for timely sample collection and analysis. Each laboratory is equipped with essential instrumentation for performing basic chemical analyses (such as moisture, protein, and oil content) and physical tests (including purity, damage assessment, and adulteration detection) on commodities like cereals, pulses, oils, and spices. This zonal distribution enables comprehensive coverage of India's diverse agro-climatic regions, supporting both routine surveillance and exporter needs. The core functions of the RALs revolve around operational support for Agmark certification, including the laboratory analysis of drawn samples to verify with grade specifications, on-site inspections at packing facilities and to monitor grading processes, and provision of paid testing services for non-Agmark agricultural products upon request from industry stakeholders. These activities ensure that certified products meet defined parameters, with non-conforming samples leading to corrective actions or certification revocation. Additionally, the labs contribute to market surveillance by analyzing check samples collected periodically from certified lots. As of 2025, the RAL network has undergone capacity enhancements, including the adoption of digital reporting systems for streamlined online result and faster of outcomes, enabling the handling of over 50,000 samples annually across the facilities. Operating under the oversight of the Central Agmark Laboratory in , these regional labs continue to play a pivotal role in upholding Agmark's credibility through accessible, high-volume testing infrastructure.

Impact and Challenges

Economic and Social Impacts

Agmark certification has provided substantial economic s to farmers by enabling for graded agricultural products. This price premium is particularly notable for export-oriented commodities such as spices and pulses, where adherence to Agmark standards assures international buyers of consistent , thereby enhancing farmer incomes and incentivizing improvements in . For instance, certified products from reduced rejection rates in markets, contributing to an overall in agricultural revenues, with Agmark playing a key role in establishing India's reputation for reliable in global trade. Beyond direct income gains, Agmark has contributed to broader economic impacts by minimizing post-harvest losses through standardized grading that facilitates better , transportation, and practices. This reduction in losses helps preserve the value of India's agricultural output, which totals over 300 million tonnes annually across key crops, supporting contributions to the national GDP from the sector. In export contexts, Agmark-certified goods have expanded , aiding India's agricultural exports that reached approximately USD 51 billion as of FY 2024-25, with graded products forming a significant portion of high-value shipments like and spices. The scheme's emphasis on quality parameters also promotes efficient resource use, indirectly fostering sustainable farming that aligns with long-term economic resilience in rural areas. On the social front, Agmark has strengthened consumer trust by serving as a verifiable mark of and , encouraging informed purchasing and reducing instances of adulteration in domestic markets. This trust-building aspect empowers smallholder farmers, who constitute over 85% of India's farmers, by integrating them into formal supply chains often managed through cooperatives, thereby improving their access to credit and markets. Furthermore, the network of Agmark grading centers and laboratories has created employment opportunities in rural regions, particularly for skilled workers in , testing, and , supporting local economies and reducing urban migration pressures. The growth in Agmark certifications underscores its expanding role in scaling up certified trade volumes. Overall, these impacts extend to by ensuring a steady supply of high-quality and promoting sustainable practices that mitigate in agriculture-dependent communities.

Criticisms and Future Directions

Despite its role in standardizing agricultural , Agmark faces several criticisms related to and implementation. Limited among small and marginal farmers remains a primary barrier, as many lack knowledge of the process, its benefits, and how to apply, particularly in rural and remote regions where is insufficient. Additionally, delays in certification processing, often lasting 3 to 4 weeks on average and up to 30 days in remote areas due to limited authorized graders and logistical challenges in sample transportation, hinder timely for producers. lapses further undermine the system, with occasional instances of Agmark labels eroding trust and legitimate producers' position, exacerbated by weak monitoring mechanisms and insufficient trained inspectors. Key challenges include adapting grade standards to evolving agricultural conditions, such as climate-induced variations in commodity quality, which require ongoing updates to specifications for sustained relevance. Competition from private schemes, which offer faster and more flexible options for certain markets, also pressures Agmark's adoption among exporters seeking international compliance. Procedural complexities and high costs, including testing fees and compliance with requirements, disproportionately affect small-scale farmers with limited resources, limiting broader participation. Looking ahead, future directions emphasize digital enhancements, such as the e-Agmark portal for streamlined online applications, to reduce paperwork and processing times. Reports recommend increased funding for to address testing shortages and expanded programs via workshops and campaigns to boost adoption rates.

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