Fact-checked by Grok 2 weeks ago

Aljunied

Aljunied is a subzone within the Geylang planning area in 's Central Region, comprising a well-established residential neighbourhood with public and private housing developments. The area is served by Aljunied MRT station, an above-ground stop on the East West Line that opened on 4 November 1989 and connects residents to key urban districts. As of the 2020 census, Aljunied had a resident population of 39,990. Named after Aljunied Road, which honours Syed Omar bin Ali Aljunied (1792–1852), a Hadhramaut-born and philanthropist who settled in around 1820 and funded early community institutions including the oldest recorded , Masjid Omar Kampong Melaka. Aljunied forms a core part of the , an electoral division that achieved historical significance in 2011 when the secured its first-ever victory against the ruling , a milestone in Singapore's political landscape; the opposition retained the seat in the 2015, 2020, and 2025 general elections, with 59.68% of votes in the latter.

Geography and Environment

Location and Boundaries

Aljunied constitutes a subzone within the planning area, situated in Singapore's Central Region on the eastern fringe of the city center. It primarily encompasses the vicinity of Aljunied Road, which links Geylang Road to the west with Upper Road to the east, forming a compact urban residential and mixed-use district. The subzone's boundaries adjoin neighboring areas including to the west across the Geylang River, elements of planning area to the south along Bedok Road, and to the east and north, with the marking portions of its northern limit. This positioning places Aljunied in proximity to key landmarks such as Geylang Serai, a cultural hub for the community, and the former operational zone of prior to its phased relocation. The area spans approximately 2.96 square kilometers, supporting dense residential development alongside industrial and commercial zones. Electoral boundaries incorporate Aljunied into the Aljunied Group Representation Constituency (GRC), a five-member district that extends beyond the subzone to include adjacent wards like Eunos and Paya Lebar, reflecting broader administrative alignments for parliamentary representation.

Topography and Land Use

Aljunied exhibits predominantly flat terrain, with average elevations around 19 meters above , aligning with the low-lying characteristics of Singapore's eastern coastal plains devoid of significant hills or valleys. Historically, the area comprised agricultural lands prior to mid-20th-century , transitioning through early initiatives by the Singapore Improvement Trust in 1953, which resettled squatters into low-rental estates amid clearance for development. Post-independence rezoning under the further intensified residential conversion, replacing former nurseries and open fields with high-density housing blocks by the 1970s to address urban population pressures. Current land use emphasizes residential dominance through estates, complemented by industrial zones such as Aljunied Industrial Estate, zoned under the Urban Redevelopment Authority's Business-1 category requiring at least 60% of floor space for industrial activities. Commercial strips along Aljunied Road and institutional sites, including schools, occupy remaining portions, reflecting a balanced urban mix within the planning area framework. Green spaces like Aljunied Park offer limited but functional amenities, including playgrounds, fitness corners, and grassy areas for community recreation adjacent to busy roads. Proximity to industrial estates in MacPherson and contributes to localized emissions, though monitoring maintains overall air quality within national standards, with PM2.5 levels typically moderate.

Demographics

The resident population of the Aljunied subzone stood at 43,892 according to the 2010 of . This decreased to 39,990 by the 2020 , representing an approximate 8.9% decline over the intervening decade amid national and patterns. A 2024 estimate indicates recovery to 43,210 residents, yielding an annual growth rate of about 1.9% from 2020 onward and signaling stabilization. Covering 2.962 square kilometers, Aljunied's density reached roughly 13,500 persons per square kilometer in 2020 and 14,590 in 2024—elevated relative to Singapore's national average of 8,300 persons per square kilometer as of 2025.
YearPopulationDensity (persons/km²)
201043,892~14,820
202039,990~13,500
202443,210~14,590
Projections for 2025 anticipate continued stabilization in Aljunied, mirroring trends driven by an aging demographic structure and low fertility rates, with overall resident averaging 1.1% annually from 2019 to 2024. Since 2010, Aljunied has exhibited lower net than the , characterized by the observed dip followed by modest rebound, in contrast to sustained expansion in newer suburban planning areas.

Ethnic and Socioeconomic Composition

In the 2020 Census of Population, the ethnic composition of Aljunied subzone's resident population consisted of approximately 84.7% (33,870 individuals), 5.8% (2,300), 5.8% (2,330), and 3.8% others (1,500), totaling around 40,000 residents. This exceeds the national average Chinese proportion of 74.3%, reflecting Aljunied's urban-residential character within the planning area, which overall reports 77.7% , 11.3% , 7.8% , and 3.2% others among its 110,120 residents. Malay concentrations are evident in adjacent , a designated , contributing to localized diversity beyond Aljunied's predominant majority. Socioeconomically, Aljunied's residents predominantly occupy public Housing and Development Board (HDB) flats, with long-term tenancies fostering an aging demographic aligned with national trends where over 20% of citizens were aged 65 and above by June 2025. The area's proximity to industrial estates, such as those in and nearby Kaki Bukit, supports a workforce segment in , , and , though specific blue-collar proportions mirror 's broader reliance on such sectors for resident employment. Median monthly household income from work across reached SGD 10,869 in 2023, with Aljunied's profile likely influenced by this mix of stable HDB housing and industrial jobs rather than high-end private developments.

History

Etymology and Early Settlement

The name Aljunied originates from Syed Sharif Omar Ali Aljunied (1792–1852), an Arab-Peranakan merchant from Hadramaut, , who acquired substantial tracts of land in the area for agricultural purposes during Singapore's early colonial era. Arriving in Singapore around 1820–1821 shortly after its founding as a British trading post in 1819, Aljunied built a prosperous trade network spanning and , amassing wealth that enabled extensive landholdings. Aljunied Road, a key thoroughfare through the district, was formally named in his honor in 1926 to recognize these holdings. Prior to British intervention, the Aljunied region—part of Singapore's interior—exhibited sparse habitation, with small kampongs engaged in , foraging, and transient amid tropical forests and swamps, reflecting the island's pre-colonial of roughly 1,000 Temasek-era inhabitants clustered near coastal sites. Colonial grants issued from 1822 onward, as part of ' town plan, spurred systematic agricultural settlement, attracting early entrepreneurs like Aljunied to clear for plantations and cash crops such as gambier and spices. These estates, managed under family trusts, transitioned from rudimentary farms to more organized operations by the 1840s, supporting Singapore's export economy before urbanization.

Colonial Era and Independence Transition

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Aljunied expanded as an agricultural area featuring vegetable and pig farms alongside banana and coconut plantations, contributing produce to Singapore's urban markets amid the shift from earlier plantation estates owned by Arab traders like the Aljunied family. These activities supported the colony's food supply as population growth strained imports, with local gardening practices adapting to the for crops like leafy greens and root vegetables. The from February 1942 to September 1945 severely disrupted Aljunied's farming operations, as across rural areas including market gardens, residents faced food , forced cultivation of staple substitutes like under self-sufficiency drives, and into labor corps for military infrastructure projects. Following , Aljunied saw rising squatter settlements on underutilized farmland due to returning populations and economic pressures, prompting colonial authorities to initiate land acquisitions from the early 1950s for urban expansion. The 1955 Master Plan outlined rezoning parts of the area for residential and industrial use to address overcrowding, setting the stage for transition to . In the 1959 legislative elections marking internal self-government, Aljunied was established as a single-member constituency and won by the People's Action Party's S. V. Lingam with 5,701 votes (49.4% of valid votes cast), reflecting broader support for pro-independence parties amid merger talks with .

Post-Independence Development

Following 's independence in 1965, the expanded in Aljunied, redeveloping pre-existing Singapore Improvement Trust estates from the 1950s and constructing additional high-rise slab blocks under the national "new town" framework during the . This initiative converted settlements, squatter colonies, and into organized residential areas, with designs evolving to include 10- to 16-storey blocks featuring 14 to 18 units per floor and improved fittings to accommodate growing urban populations. Land acquisitions in the and facilitated this shift, prioritizing mass housing to support economic stability and reduce overcrowding. Industrial development complemented residential growth, with west of Aljunied Road and south of MacPherson Road designated for light industries as early as the mid-1950s but substantively realized post-independence through government reclamation and estate construction. The Aljunied Industrial Estate, managed by the Jurong Town Corporation, features eight blocks of single-storey terrace workshops tailored for and related trades, aligning with Singapore's pivot toward export manufacturing in the 1970s and higher-value activities by the 1990s. This integrated Aljunied into the island's decentralized industrial strategy, fostering employment while preserving proximity to residential zones. Infrastructure enhancements accelerated in the late 1980s with the opening of Aljunied station on 4 November 1989 along the East West Line, improving links to central business districts and spurring urban intensification. The 2010s brought rejuvenation via the Selective En bloc Redevelopment Scheme (SERS) for ageing blocks and private collective sales, enabling demolitions and new mid- to high-rise projects like those at Sims Drive adjacent to the station, which boosted local property values through enhanced amenities and transit-oriented density. These efforts reflected state-led renewal to sustain livability amid economic pressures, with sites near Aljunied attracting redevelopment for mixed-use potential.

Politics and Governance

Electoral Boundaries and History

Aljunied Constituency was established as a single-member constituency (SMC) ahead of the 1959 general election, one of 51 seats contested in Singapore's first fully elected Legislative Assembly. The People's Action Party (PAP) secured victory in that election and retained the seat through subsequent polls until the introduction of the Group Representation Constituency (GRC) system. The GRC framework, enacted via constitutional amendments in to ensure minority ethnic representation through multi-member teams, converted Aljunied into a three-member GRC for the September general election. candidates prevailed with 58.3% of valid votes against the slate. The constituency expanded to four members by 1991 and five members prior to the 2001 election, reflecting adjustments to accommodate and electoral balance. Boundary revisions have periodically reshaped Aljunied GRC to align with demographic shifts and development patterns. For the 2011 , the Electoral Boundaries Review Committee incorporated the Kaki Bukit area (formerly part of North in GRC) into Aljunied, increasing its electorate size while maintaining the five-member structure. In that contest, the team won with 54.71% of votes cast, marking the first opposition capture of a GRC. Pre-2011 elections saw PAP slates consistently exceeding 50% vote shares, such as 56.1% in 2006 against the . Further delineation occurred before the 2020 election, with Aljunied GRC encompassing sub-constituencies of Aljunied, Reservoir-Punggol, Serai, Kaki Bukit, and , serving approximately 146,000 electors across 36 km². The five-member format persisted into the 2025 , where vote counts totaled over 100,000 valid papers. These changes, reported by the via periodic review committees, prioritize equitable elector distribution ranging from 20,000 to 30,000 per MP slot in GRCs.

Workers' Party Hold and Key Elections

The (WP) achieved a historic breakthrough in the 2011 general election on 7 May, securing (GRC) as the first opposition party to win a GRC, defeating the (PAP) team led by Foreign Minister . This upset marked WP's victory under secretary-general , with the party capturing a majority of votes in the five-member constituency amid national voter dissatisfaction following global financial challenges. in Aljunied GRC exceeded 93 percent, aligning with the national figure of 93.18 percent and reflecting heightened electoral engagement. WP retained Aljunied GRC in the 11 September 2015 general election with a narrow 50.95 percent vote share against the PAP, overcoming predictions of a potential loss despite a national rebound for the ruling party after Lee Kuan Yew's death earlier that year. Low Thia Khiang continued to lead the WP slate, including candidates Sylvia Lim and Pritam Singh, in a contest characterized by close margins that underscored the constituency's competitiveness. Turnout remained high at over 93 percent locally, consistent with the national 93.56 percent, indicating sustained voter participation in this opposition stronghold. In the 10 July 2020 , WP strengthened its hold on Aljunied GRC, winning with approximately 59.9 percent of votes under Singh's leadership following Low's shift to another constituency, even as secured a national sweep amid response evaluations. This result expanded 's parliamentary presence and affirmed Aljunied's status as an opposition bastion. stayed above 93 percent, mirroring national trends and demonstrating robust civic involvement. WP defended Aljunied GRC for a fourth consecutive term in the 3 May 2025 general election, securing 59.68 percent of votes against PAP challengers, despite the ruling party's landslide national victory of 87 out of 97 seats and 65.57 percent popular vote share. The WP team, led by Pritam Singh alongside Sylvia Lim and others, faced headwinds from Singh's February 2025 conviction for misleading Parliament—resulting in a S$14,000 fine—with his appeal scheduled for November 2025, yet voter support held firm. Turnout dipped slightly to align with the national record low of 92.47 percent but remained above 90 percent in Aljunied, evidencing continued competitive dynamics.

Governance Performance and Controversies

The Aljunied-Hougang (AHTC), managed by the since 2011, has undertaken estate upgrades including lift replacements and neighbourhood renewal projects in the , such as improvements to homes and facilities in following the party's electoral gains. These efforts addressed maintenance backlogs, with the council overhauling lift systems after early malfunctions, including a comprehensive replacement program initiated in areas like Jalan Damai by 2017. By the , AHTC reported accumulating a S$2 million surplus over five years ending in 2025, reflecting improved amid ongoing cyclical upgrades. Audits of the former Aljunied-Hougang-Punggol East Town Council (AHPETC) for financial years 2012-2013 revealed major governance lapses, including inadequate oversight of conflicts of interest in 84 transactions and improper use of S$3.19 million from sinking funds for non-approved expenses. These irregularities prompted legal proceedings, with the High Court in 2019 finding "egregious" mismanagement that exposed public funds to improper use, though subsequent appeals and settlements in 2024 avoided personal convictions for WP leaders. Lift maintenance issues persisted into the 2020s, including a 2023 shutdown of a Hougang lift due to water ingress from heavy rain and earlier 2018 faults prompting public apologies from MP Pritam Singh. Such challenges stemmed partly from the Workers' Party's relative inexperience in scaling town council operations post-2011, compounded by difficulties in securing managing agents, contrasting with the People's Action Party's established across larger portfolios. By 2024, AHTC achieved top banding in governance evaluations alongside most councils, indicating stabilization, though service and conservancy charge increases were announced for 2025 to sustain operations. Persistent scrutiny from audits and interventions by the of underscores the heightened for opposition-run councils handling public funds.

Education

Primary and Secondary Institutions

Aljunied hosts a limited number of primary schools serving its residents, primarily government and government-aided institutions under the . Aljunied Primary School provides the standard six-year , focusing on foundational skills and co-curricular activities for local students. Canossa Catholic Primary School, a government-aided Catholic girls' school (co-educational since recent years), delivers MOE-aligned education with an emphasis on Canossian values of and holistic formation. In January 2025, it merged operations with the adjacent Canossian School, a institution for students with hearing impairments, to create an integrated campus supporting both mainstream and specialised primary-level learning while maintaining separate streams. Madrasah Aljunied Al-Islamiah, an independent full-time madrasah, offers (equivalent to Primary 1-6) integrated with religious instruction, enrolling students in a bilingual Arabic-English program; in 2021, 98.8% of its 352 PSLE candidates qualified for secondary admission, reflecting strong preparatory outcomes. Secondary education in Aljunied is provided through government-aided schools and madrasah programs, with a focus on GCE O-Level preparation and applied learning pathways. , located in the adjacent Ubi area within the broader Aljunied planning boundaries, operates as a co-educational government-aided institution established in 1982, incorporating Buddhist-inspired alongside core subjects and vocational electives such as applied sciences and . The secondary division of Madrasah Aljunied Al-Islamiah extends its primary cohort into a four-year O-Level track, emphasising , , and ; recent cohorts have produced top performers, including multiple students achieving 7-8 distinctions in 2024 GCE O-Level examinations. Singapore's post-2000 school rationalisation efforts, aimed at resource optimisation and declining birth rates, led to mergers and closures impacting the region, though specific Aljunied primaries and secondaries like Aljunied Primary have persisted through site reallocations from former institutions such as MacPherson Primary.

Specialized and Tertiary Education

APSN Katong School, located adjacent to the Aljunied area at 900 New Upper Changi Road in , specializes in for students with mild intellectual disabilities and disorder at the primary level. The school delivers a customized emphasizing functional academics, daily living skills, social-emotional development, vocational training, and to foster and . It operates in double sessions, with morning for seniors and afternoon for juniors, and provides allied services including transport. Pre-primary education in Aljunied features multiple PCF Sparkletots centers, such as those at Block 108 Aljunied Crescent and Block 54 Pipit Road in nearby MacPherson, offering childcare and programs for children aged 18 months to six years. These facilities follow a play-based aligned with Singapore's national standards, prioritizing bilingual instruction in English and a mother tongue language (, , or ) to build foundational literacy, numeracy, and . Tertiary education access for Aljunied residents centers on proximity to in , reachable within 15-20 minutes by from Aljunied station. Established in , the polytechnic enrolls over 15,000 students in full-time programs across applied sciences, , , and , with a focus on practical training that supports employment in technology, , and related industries. Graduates achieve high rates, often exceeding 90% within six months, influencing local youth pathways in Singapore's east region economy.

Infrastructure and Transportation

Public Transport Networks

Aljunied is primarily served by the Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system via Aljunied station on the East West Line, which opened on 4 November 1989 as part of the line's eastern extension to Tanah Merah. The station, an above-ground structure along Aljunied Road, facilitates access to the Geylang and surrounding residential areas, with adjacent stations including Eunos to the east and Paya Lebar—an interchange with the Circle Line—to the west. These connections enable efficient east-west travel toward the central business district and Changi Airport. Bus services in Aljunied are operated by and , with multiple trunk routes such as 62, 63, 100, 135, 154, and 155 providing frequent links to key destinations including the , , and . These services integrate with the contactless smart card system for fare payments, supporting high-volume peak-hour operations as evidenced by patronage data. The Thomson-East Coast Line's Stage 5, scheduled for completion in the second half of 2026, will extend services from Marine Terrace to Sungei , enhancing overall eastern corridor connectivity and north-south linkages through interchanges like Outram Park, which indirectly improves transfer options for Aljunied commuters via the existing network. This expansion aligns with ongoing efforts to bolster rail reliability and capacity under the Authority's master plan.

Road Systems and Urban Connectivity

Aljunied Road and Sims Avenue function as principal arterial roads within the Aljunied planning area, providing essential linkages to the () and Kallang-Paya Lebar Expressway (KPE), thereby integrating the locality into Singapore's broader expressway network. These roadways support high vehicular throughput, with arterial corridors in the vicinity managed through Singapore's () system to mitigate peak-hour congestion, where gantries impose variable charges based on traffic demand during operational hours. Pedestrian and cycling infrastructure has been enhanced through initiatives by the National Parks Board (NParks) and Land Transport Authority (LTA), incorporating dedicated paths within the Park Connector Network (PCN) to promote non-motorized connectivity. A notable addition includes a cycling path constructed beneath the East-West MRT Line viaduct linking Aljunied MRT Station to Paya Lebar MRT Station, completed in early 2025, which facilitates safer last-mile access for commuters and residents. These shared paths, segregated where feasible for pedestrians and cyclists, align with broader efforts to expand the island-wide cycling network by an additional 87 km in eastern corridors by 2030. Flood resilience in the area's road systems has improved via targeted drainage enhancements by the Public Utilities Board (PUB), including planned works at Aljunied Road scheduled for completion in the second quarter of 2027 to widen and deepen channels. Such upgrades address historical vulnerabilities, as evidenced by a flash flood on Aljunied Road in November 2020 that subsided within hours, contributing to overall low incidence rates in upgraded urban catchments amid PUB's ongoing S$150 million annual investment in drainage projects as of 2025.

Economy and Development

Residential and Housing Landscape

The residential landscape in is dominated by (HDB) , which comprise the bulk of housing stock in estates such as Eunos, , and , mirroring the national pattern where HDB units accommodate approximately 80% of Singapore's population. Build-To-Order (BTO) launches sustain this supply, exemplified by Eunos Court in November 2017, which offered 742 units including 2-room Flexi, 3-room, and 4-room within the mature estate. Median resale prices for HDB in the area reached around SGD 580,000 to SGD 600,000 by mid-2025, as seen in transactions on Aljunied Crescent for 4-room units in new-generation blocks built over 50 years ago. Private condominiums represent a smaller segment, primarily leasehold developments near appealing to higher-income households, such as Tre Residences at Geylang East Avenue 1, which provides modern facilities in District 14. En bloc sale attempts in the , including efforts in Sims Drive estates sandwiched between industrial zones, underscore redevelopment pressures on older private housing, though many initiatives faced hurdles in achieving collective owner consensus. Many HDB blocks in Aljunied, constructed before the 1990s, contend with aging infrastructure, prompting ongoing lift upgrading programmes to install direct access elevators. The Aljunied-Hougang Town Council, administered by the Workers' Party since 2011, has expanded lift maintenance budgets—rising from SGD 4 million to SGD 6.2 million by fiscal year 2013-2014—to accommodate additions from these upgrades. Nationally, such programmes have equipped nearly 99% of HDB blocks with improved lifts, but empirical analyses indicate slower price impacts from upgrades in opposition-held constituencies like Aljunied compared to ruling party areas, where flat values rose 1.9% to 2.1% post-intervention.

Commercial and Industrial Activities

Aljunied features several industrial estates and complexes, including the Aljunied Industrial Estate managed by , which consists of eight blocks of single-storey terrace workshops zoned for business-1 uses such as light manufacturing, warehousing, and food-related trades. Units range from 110.99 to 204.24 square meters, with monthly rents between S$42 and S$47 per square meter, supporting small-scale operations in sectors like and equipment maintenance. The nearby Aljunied Industrial Complex at 623-625 Aljunied Road houses diverse tenants, including engineering firms like MJ Engineering Solutions, builders such as Amaze Builders, and electronics-related businesses like Stone's Electronics, indicating a mix of light industrial and repair activities in a freehold property with approximately 28,435 square meters of gross floor area. Commercial activities in Aljunied are prominent along Road and Aljunied Road, where small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) dominate food and beverage (F&B) outlets, shophouses, and service-oriented businesses. These strips feature numerous shophouses zoned for use, with recent sales of freehold units highlighting sustained demand for F&B and spaces, such as those offering ethnic and wholesale outlets near Aljunied . The area's central location facilitates quick access to major expressways like the , aiding logistics and distribution for these SMEs, though specific local GDP contributions remain undocumented in reports. Industrial properties in Aljunied have seen investment activity post-COVID, exemplified by AIMS APAC REIT's acquisition of a multi-tenanted complex at 2 Aljunied Avenue 1 for S$56.7 million in August 2025, comprising 4- and 8-storey buildings with high occupancy and yields around 8.1%. This reflects broader recovery in Singapore's sector, with national output growing 7.1% year-on-year in July 2025 driven by and , though Aljunied's smaller-scale facilities expose local firms to global disruptions as noted in analyses of export-oriented industries.