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Butt

The word butt most commonly refers to the buttocks, the posterior part of the human pelvis consisting of two rounded prominences formed by the gluteus muscles and overlying fat. For detailed anatomy, see the [[Anatomy]] section. Butt may also refer to:

Anatomy

Human Buttocks

The human buttocks, medically termed the gluteal region or nates, consist of two rounded prominences on the posterior aspect of the pelvic region.^[1]^[2] The gluteal region is bounded superiorly by the iliac crest, inferiorly by the gluteal fold, and laterally by the greater trochanter of the femur. It encloses important neurovascular structures, including branches of the superior and inferior gluteal arteries and nerves.^[3] These structures are primarily formed by layers of gluteal muscles beneath a substantial deposit of subcutaneous fat and covered by thick skin.^[4]^[5] The muscular composition includes the gluteus maximus, the largest and most superficial muscle in the body, which originates from the ilium, sacrum, and coccyx and inserts into the femur and iliotibial tract.^[6] Deeper layers comprise the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus, which arise from the ilium and attach to the greater trochanter of the femur.^[7] These muscles collectively provide structural support to the pelvic floor by stabilizing the pelvis through connections via fascia and connective tissues.^[8]^[9] The overlying adipose tissue varies in thickness, contributing to the rounded contour.^[10] Evolutionarily, the human buttocks developed as an adaptation to bipedalism, with the gluteus maximus significantly enlarging in hominids to extend the hip joint and maintain upright posture during walking and running.^[11]^[12] This muscular prominence, unique among primates, arose as a consequence of habitual bipedality rather than a prerequisite for it.^[12] Additionally, the gluteofemoral fat deposits, particularly pronounced in females due to estrogen-driven distribution, serve as an energy reserve and may have evolved to aid balance during pregnancy and support thermoregulation through insulation.^[13]^[14] Variations in buttock size and shape arise from genetic factors, sex differences, and age-related changes. Genetics influence fat distribution and muscle development, leading to diverse morphologies across populations.^[15] Females generally exhibit wider and more protuberant buttocks owing to greater subcutaneous fat accumulation in the gluteal and femoral regions, which widens the pelvic outlet to accommodate childbirth.^[14] As individuals age, progressive loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia) and reduced skin elasticity from declining collagen production result in sagging and flattening of the buttocks.^[16]^[17]

Physiological Functions

The primary physiological functions of the buttocks involve the gluteal muscles, which play a crucial role in locomotion and stability. The gluteus maximus, the largest muscle in the group, contracts to extend the hip joint during walking and running, providing propulsion and power for forward movement.^[6] These muscles also contribute to maintaining posture and balance by stabilizing the pelvis during upright activities, such as standing on one leg or navigating uneven terrain.^[18] Additionally, the gluteus medius and minimus facilitate hip abduction and internal rotation, essential for lateral stability in bipedal gait.^[7] Secondary roles of the buttocks include mechanical cushioning and metabolic storage. The subcutaneous fat layer in the gluteal region acts as a protective pad during prolonged sitting, distributing pressure and reducing impact on underlying bones and tissues.^[19] This fat also serves as an energy reserve, particularly in females where gluteal-femoral deposits provide readily accessible calories for demands like lactation, and offers insulation against temperature fluctuations.^[20] From an evolutionary perspective, humans exhibit enhanced fat deposition in the buttocks compared to other primates, supporting endurance activities such as long-distance running by supplying sustained energy without excessive weight in the upper body.^[21] Health aspects related to the buttocks encompass common disorders and preventive measures. Gluteal tendinopathy, characterized by pain and tenderness on the outer hip, often arises from overuse, poor posture, or compressive forces on the tendons, leading to inflammation and reduced mobility.^[22] Piriformis syndrome, where the piriformis muscle irritates the sciatic nerve, can mimic sciatica with buttock pain radiating down the leg, typically triggered by muscle tightness or trauma.^[23] Strengthening exercises like squats target the glutes to improve function and prevent injuries, promoting hip extension and pelvic stability.^[24] Injuries such as bruising from falls are frequent, resulting from direct trauma that damages blood vessels and causes swelling, usually resolving with rest but potentially leading to hematomas.^[25] Cosmetic procedures like Brazilian butt lifts, involving fat grafting to enhance shape, carry risks including fat embolism; in 2023, 29,383 such procedures were performed in the US by board-certified plastic surgeons, increasing to 29,466 in 2024.^[26]^[27]

Measurement

Volume Unit

The butt was an obsolete English unit of liquid volume, primarily used for measuring wine and beer, equivalent to two hogsheads and varying between approximately 450 and 1,060 liters depending on regional definitions and the substance measured. In standardized terms under the wine gallon system, it held about 126 US gallons (477 liters), though for ale it was often cited as 108 imperial gallons (491 liters).^[28]^[29] Equivalents included 1 butt = 2 hogsheads = 4 barrels, with the barrel typically being a quarter of a butt at around 31.5 US gallons for wine.^[30] Modern conversions align the wine butt closely with 126 US gallons, distinguishing it from smaller contemporary barrels.^[28] The butt took the form of a large wooden cask or barrel, usually constructed from oak to hold liquids like wine or beer, with a capacity standardized around 500 liters following regulatory changes in 1707.^[29]^[31] This unit formed part of the wine gallon system established by Queen Anne's Act of 1707, which defined the wine gallon at 231 cubic inches and applied to larger cask measures like the butt, separate from the modern US or imperial barrel of 31.5 or 36 gallons, respectively.^[29]^[32]

Historical Applications

The butt emerged as a medieval English unit of liquid volume during the 14th century, primarily for facilitating the import and export of wine, with its use documented in trade records and literature of the period.^[33] Early references appear in Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales (c. 1387–1400), where the term denotes a large cask in commercial contexts, reflecting its role in everyday economic exchanges.^[34] Standardization efforts in the 15th century, such as those outlined in 1 Richard III c. 13 (1483), defined the butt as equivalent to 126 gallons for wine, half a tun, to ensure consistency in trade across regions like York.^[33] Further unification occurred in 1707 following the Acts of Union, aligning English and Scottish measures for broader imperial commerce. In colonial trade, sherry butts—typically crafted from American oak staves imported via New World routes—played a key role in 18th-century exports to the Americas, supporting shipments from Jerez to ports like Boston amid growing demand for fortified wines.^[35]^[36] Economically, the butt underpinned taxation systems, with English wine duties calculated per tun (two butts), such as £4 10s. per tun on London imports in 1660, escalating through adjustments by chancellors like Pelham and Pitt in the 18th century to fund military efforts. Capacity varied by commodity, with wine butts at 126 gallons and ale butts at 108 gallons, influencing duty assessments and preventing discrepancies in ale versus wine levies.^[33] These measures also applied to spirits, as in the 1742 rum warehousing system, where duties were deferred on stored butts until withdrawal for consumption.^[33] By the 19th century, the butt fell into obsolescence amid the standardization of imperial units in 1824 and the gradual shift toward metric systems, though it lingered in niche applications like brewing porter from entire butts.^[37] Its final notable uses persisted in distilleries, such as Scotch whisky production, where producers like The Macallan employ 500-liter sherry-seasoned butts for maturation, preserving the cask's traditional form.^[38] The butt's legacy endures in modern idiom, with "buttload" emerging post-20th century as slang for a large quantity, derived directly from the cask's connotation of substantial volume.^[39]

Technical Uses

Firearm Components

In firearms, the butt refers to the rear portion of the stock on long guns such as rifles and shotguns, designed primarily to provide a secure grip against the shooter's shoulder for stability and recoil management.^[40] This component interfaces directly with the user's body, distributing the force of recoil while enabling precise aiming. For pistols and similar handguns, the butt functions as the grip, offering a handle for one- or two-handed control without a full stock extension.^[41] Buttstocks are constructed from a variety of materials to balance durability, weight, and ergonomics, including traditional hardwoods like walnut for aesthetic and vibration-dampening properties, modern polymers for lightweight resistance to environmental factors, and metals such as aluminum for adjustable or tactical applications.^[42] Design variations include fixed stocks for consistent length, collapsible models that adjust via telescoping tubes for user fit, and folding variants that compact the firearm for storage or transport.^[43] Adjustability is common in contemporary designs, with length of pull—the distance from the trigger to the butt's end—typically ranging from 12 to 14 inches to accommodate different shooter builds, where 13.5 inches serves as a standard for many factory rifles.^[44] The evolution of the firearm butt traces back to the 16th century with matchlock muskets, where rudimentary wooden stocks provided basic support against the shoulder amid heavy recoil from black powder charges.^[45] By the 19th century, refinements in stock geometry improved ergonomics for offhand shooting, and post-World War II innovations introduced synthetic materials and mechanisms like folding stocks—initially for paratrooper carbines such as the M1A1—to enhance portability without sacrificing function.^[46] This progressed to modern adjustable systems in rifles like the AR-15 platform, where collapsible butts allow rapid reconfiguration for varied operational needs.^[47] Beyond structural support, the butt plays key roles in weapon balance by countering forward weight from the barrel and action, promoting ergonomic alignment for sustained aiming, and incorporating features like storage compartments or trapdoors for cleaning tools and batteries.^[48] In rifles, the butt pad significantly reduces felt recoil through materials like rubber, reducing shooter fatigue during extended fire.^[40] For pistols, the butt's texturing enhances grip security under dynamic conditions.^[41] A representative example is the M4 carbine's telescoping buttstock, which features a six-position adjustment on a Mil-Spec buffer tube, collapsing to approximately 10.5 inches for compact carry and extending to 13.8 inches for full-length stability in a 5.56mm NATO platform. This design, standard in U.S. military service since the 1990s, exemplifies post-WWII advancements in modularity for tactical versatility.^[49]

Carpentry and Joinery

In carpentry and joinery, a butt joint refers to the simplest form of woodworking connection, where the end or edge of one piece of wood is placed squarely against the end or edge of another without any overlap or interlocking, and secured primarily through mechanical fasteners such as nails, screws, or adhesives like glue.^[50] This joint relies on the fasteners or glue to transfer loads, as the abutting surfaces provide minimal inherent strength due to the limited bonding area, particularly when end grain meets end grain. Butt joints come in two primary types: the standard square butt joint, where pieces meet at 90 degrees, and the mitered butt joint, where the ends are cut at an angle—typically 45 degrees—to form a corner while hiding end grain for a cleaner appearance. The square variety is commonly employed in structural framing for walls and basic assemblies, while mitered butts are favored in cabinetry and trim work for aesthetic reasons.^[50] Both types are straightforward to execute but exhibit significant weaknesses, including low resistance to tension, shear, and racking forces, making them prone to failure without reinforcement.^[51] To mitigate these limitations, butt joints are often strengthened using auxiliary methods such as dowels—cylindrical wooden pins inserted into aligned holes—or biscuits, which are thin, oval-shaped wooden wafers expanded by glue within slots cut into the joint edges.^[52] Dowels provide superior shear strength by increasing the glue surface area and mechanical interlock, outperforming biscuits in load-bearing applications, though biscuits offer easier alignment for larger panels.^[53] These reinforcements transform the joint from a purely fastened connection into a more durable assembly suitable for moderate stresses. Historically, butt joints have been a foundational technique since ancient times, with evidence of their use in Greco-Roman shipbuilding for planking seams, where they were nailed or treenailed despite lacking frames for added support.^[54] By the 19th century, they became prevalent in wooden ship construction and general framing, often supplemented with straps or scarfs to distribute stresses over longer surfaces.^[55] In modern applications, butt joints remain essential for constructing doors, window frames, and basic cabinetry, where speed and simplicity outweigh the need for complex joinery.^[51] Specialized tools like butt chisels, featuring short blades (typically 3-4 inches) and compact handles for palm control, enable precise paring and cleaning of joint edges in confined spaces, such as hinge mortises or frame corners.^[56]

Archery Targets

In archery and shooting sports, a butt refers to a mound or backstop designed to safely absorb arrows or bullets, with "butts" denoting the plural for an entire practice range or field.^[57] Historically, these were essential for training, particularly with the longbow in medieval England, where they consisted of turf-covered earth mounds measuring 2 to 8 meters wide and 1 to 3 meters high.^[57] The use of archery butts gained prominence under English law in the 14th century to bolster military prowess. In 1363, King Edward III enacted a statute requiring all able-bodied men to practice archery at the butts every Sunday and holiday, prohibiting other games under severe penalties to prioritize longbow proficiency.^[57] This mandate reinforced the butts' role in communal training on village outskirts. By the 16th century, notable sites included London's Finsbury Fields, where 11 acres were dedicated to archery in 1498, featuring 194 marked targets at distances up to 345 yards, as mapped in 1594 and encouraged by statutes from Henry VIII.^[58] Traditional construction of butts involved earth mounds shaped into wedges, often covered in grass for stability and arrow retention, with heights around 2.1 meters at the front tapering to a 1.2-meter base.^[59] Straw bales, typically from rye or wheat, were later coiled into circular forms about 1 meter thick and 1.2 meters in diameter for more defined targets, emerging commonly from the 1700s onward.^[60] In modern archery, targets have evolved to high-density foam blocks or self-healing 3D animal replicas, which withstand repeated impacts from compound bows up to 350 feet per second while allowing easy arrow removal.^[61] Standard dimensions for competitive target archery, as governed by World Archery, specify a 122 cm diameter face for outdoor recurve events, divided into 10 concentric rings with the innermost (10-ring) at 12.2 cm. These are used at distances of 90 meters, 70 meters, and 60 meters for Olympic recurve competitions, ensuring safety with backstops positioned to contain overshots.^[62] A related term, "shooting butt," describes elevated stone platforms or hides used in hunting, typically 3 to 4 meters in diameter and 1.5 meters high, providing concealed positions for marksmen targeting game like grouse.^[63]

Surnames

Etymology and Origins

The surname Butt has multiple etymological roots, with distinct European and South Asian origins. In Europe, particularly in England, it emerged as a topographical or occupational name derived from the Middle English "but" or Old French "but," referring to an archery target, goal, or end marker, often associated with individuals living near such sites or involved in their construction as target-makers from the 12th century onward.^[64] It could also stem from Old English "butta," denoting something short and stumpy, serving as a nickname for a person of stout build, with early records indicating use as a personal name until around 1200.^[65] Additionally, the name links to the Middle English "butt" for the thicker end of a barrel or cask, suggesting an occupational tie to barrel-makers handling wine measures known as butts.^[66] Norman influences are evident, with records of William Bot in Normandy from 1195–1198, reflecting post-Conquest migration to England.^[67] In South Asia, Butt represents a variant of the Kashmiri surname Bhat, derived from the Sanskrit "bhaṭṭa" meaning scholar or learned person, originally a title among Brahmin communities in the Kashmir Valley denoting priests, clerks, or educators.^[68] Following Islamic conversions among Kashmiri Pandits between the 14th and 16th centuries, the pronunciation shifted to "Butt" while retaining the scholarly connotation, becoming prevalent among Muslim populations in Kashmir and migrating groups to Punjab.^[69] The surname's geographic distribution highlights its dual heritage: in England, it was notably common by the late 19th century, with records showing significant bearers in counties like Kent and Devon, and a diaspora presence in Canada (over 7,000 bearers today) and the United States.^[70] In Pakistan, particularly among Kashmiri-descended communities, Butt is one of the most frequent surnames, accounting for approximately 0.1–0.5% of the population in Punjab and Azad Kashmir regions.^[70] Variations include Butts (English plural form), Bütt (Germanic), and Butte, with DNA studies linking European branches to Norman French lineages and South Asian ones to Indo-Aryan groups.^[71] Historical records provide early evidence of the surname's use, with the first documented instance as Walter But in the Court Rolls of Ramsey, Essex, dated 1114–1130, predating the more commonly cited 12th-century archery associations.^[64] While no direct entry appears in the 1086 Domesday Book under "Butt," related forms like "Butte" suggest Norman land grants in Middlesex, underscoring its ancient English seating.^[67]

Notable Individuals

Sir William Butts (c. 1486–1545) was an English physician who served as the principal medical advisor to King Henry VIII, earning a substantial salary and knighthood in 1544 for his services to the royal court. He played a notable role in Tudor politics, including supporting the English Reformation by influencing the king's views on religious matters during consultations on his health and marriages.^[72] Isaac Butt (1813–1879) was an Irish barrister and politician who founded the Home Government Association in 1870, laying the groundwork for the Irish Home Rule movement that sought greater autonomy for Ireland within the United Kingdom. Educated at Trinity College Dublin, he served as a Member of Parliament for Youghal and later Limerick City, advocating for tenant rights and federalism despite initial conservative leanings.^[73] Archibald Butt (1865–1912) was a U.S. Army major who served as military aide to Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft, managing their schedules and correspondence with loyalty and efficiency from 1908 until his death. A Georgia native and University of the South graduate, he perished heroically on the RMS Titanic while assisting women and children during the sinking.^[74] Dame Clara Butt (1872–1936) was an English contralto singer renowned for her powerful voice and dramatic performances of ballads and oratorios, captivating audiences across Europe and North America in the early 20th century. Trained at the Royal College of Music, she became one of the first British artists to achieve international stardom through recordings and tours, including a notable rendition of "Land of Hope and Glory."^[75] Nicky Butt (born 1975) is an English former professional footballer who spent 12 seasons as a midfielder for Manchester United, contributing to six Premier League titles, three FA Cups, and the 1999 UEFA Champions League victory as part of the "Class of '92." After retiring, he transitioned into coaching and academy management; as of 2025, he serves as Head of First Team Development at Manchester United.^[76] Hans-Jörg Butt (born 1974) was a German goalkeeper who played for clubs including Hamburger SV, Bayer Leverkusen, and Bayern Munich, amassing over 300 Bundesliga appearances and winning the 2009–10 league title with Bayern. Uniquely, he scored six goals during his career, all from penalties, including a brace in a 2001 match for Leverkusen, and represented Germany at the 1998 and 2002 World Cups.^[77] Brent Butt (born 1966) is a Canadian comedian, actor, and writer best known for creating and starring in the long-running sitcom Corner Gas (2004–2009), which became a cultural phenomenon with its portrayal of small-town life in Saskatchewan. Beginning his career in stand-up in 1988, he has since produced multiple spin-offs, films like No Clue (2013), and continues touring with observational comedy routines.^[78] Muneeb Butt (born 1992) is a Pakistani actor and model prominent in Urdu television and film, debuting with the drama Nachley Asmaan (2012) and gaining acclaim for roles in series like Kambakht Ishq (2020), Sar-e-Rah (2023), and the telefilm Dil De Baithe (2025), as well as films such as Halla Gulla (2015) and the upcoming Seylum (2026). Based in Karachi, he has built a large following through diverse characters blending romance and comedy, often collaborating with leading production houses.^[79]

Media and Literature

Books and Novels

"The Butt" (2008) is a satirical novel by British author Will Self, in which protagonist Tom Brodzinski, vacationing in a fictional desert nation blending elements of the Middle East and Australia, inadvertently flicks a cigarette butt from his balcony, igniting a chain of events that leads to his arrest and forced trek into the war-torn interior to make tribal restitution.^[80] The narrative follows Brodzinski's perilous journey, accompanied by a guide, through salt pans and eucalyptus groves, encountering insurgents and eccentric figures, as he grapples with the consequences of his minor transgression under conflicting legal and cultural systems.^[81] Self employs absurdity in this allegorical tale to critique Western colonialism, post-colonial guilt, and moral relativism, drawing parallels to works by Conrad and Orwell while exaggerating bureaucratic and ethnographic absurdities.^[82] In contrast, "The Butt Book" (2009) by Artie Bennett is a lighthearted children's picture book written in rhyming verse, whimsically celebrating human and animal buttocks through playful descriptions and illustrations by Mike Lester, targeted at readers aged 4-8.^[83] The book humorously explores posteriors from giraffes to puppies, emphasizing their functional and comical aspects without explicit content, aiming to delight young audiences with cheeky yet educational fun. Heather Radke's "Butts: A Backstory" (2022) offers a non-fiction examination of the cultural history of women's buttocks in Western society, spanning nearly two centuries from 19th-century performance halls to contemporary media, blending personal anecdotes with historical analysis of figures like Sarah Baartman and Josephine Baker.^[84] Key themes include body image pressures, racial objectification, and feminist empowerment, contrasting historical constraints such as corsets that minimized hips with modern enhancements like aerobics and cosmetic procedures that accentuate them.^[85] Radke's work highlights how societal views on butts reflect broader power dynamics, urging a reevaluation of their symbolic role in gender and identity.^[84]

Magazines and Publications

BUTT is a prominent periodical in queer media, founded in spring 2001 by Dutch journalist Gert Jonkers and art director Jop van Bennekom as a biannual magazine targeted at gay men.^[86] Originating in the Netherlands and published in English, it began as a pocket-sized zine with a distinctive pink cover and aesthetic, emphasizing erotic photography, personal interviews, and explorations of gay sexuality and alternative lifestyles.^[87]^[88] The publication quickly gained a cult following, known as "Buttheads," for its unapologetic embrace of themes like faggotry, sodomy, and intersections of class, race, and queer identity, often through artist profiles and visual art that challenged mainstream gay media conventions.^[89]^[90] Over its initial run from 2001 to 2011, BUTT produced 29 issues, evolving from a raw, DIY format to a more polished yet provocative style that blended lifestyle elements with pornographic undertones.^[87] After a decade-long hiatus, it relaunched in 2022 with issue 30, maintaining its biannual schedule and pink visual identity while expanding collaborations, such as partnerships with Bottega Veneta for issues 36 and 37.^[86]^[91] By November 2025, the magazine had reached issue 37, focusing on erotic artists like Michael Rosey and featuring content such as pencil drawings of intimate scenes and sock-themed photography by Benjamin Fredrickson.^[92] Representative examples include issue 36's profile of actor Omar Ayuso, photographed by Luis Venegas in a stripped-down, playful shoot that highlights bodily vulnerability, and interviews with figures like author Édouard Louis, shot by Nan Goldin in issue 37, delving into personal dynamics of desire and identity.^[93]^[94] BUTT's impact on queer culture has been significant, inspiring a new indie aesthetic in gay media during the 2000s and fostering cross-community solidarity through its emphasis on sexual freedom and artistic expression.^[90]^[88] Circulation has consistently exceeded 10,000 copies per issue, building a dedicated readership and influencing broader queer literature by prioritizing raw, celebratory narratives over commercial gloss.^[86] In 2014, during its hiatus, Taschen published Forever Butt, a compendium collecting highlights from the first 29 issues, which solidified its archival legacy and introduced its content to new generations.^[90] No other major publications titled "Butt" exist, though its style echoes in contemporary queer zines and ties loosely to expansive queer literary traditions.^[87]

Other Uses

Slang and Idioms

In informal English, "butt" serves as a common euphemism for the buttocks, emerging as U.S. slang around 1860 and gaining widespread use in the 20th century to avoid more vulgar terms like "ass." This usage underpins several idioms, such as "kick butt," a milder variant of the 1940s military slang "kick ass," which means to defeat decisively or perform exceptionally well; the phrase "butt-kicking" first appeared in 1970 to denote a humiliating defeat. Similarly, "pain in the butt," denoting a source of annoyance, originated as a 1930s euphemism for "pain in the ass" (attested 1934), reflecting efforts to soften profane expressions while retaining their figurative impact.^[95]^[96]^[97]^[98] Other idioms include "butt in," meaning to interfere rudely, which entered American English in 1900 from the verb "butt" (to thrust or push, dating to c. 1200). The phrase "butt of the joke," referring to the target or scapegoat of ridicule, traces to the 1610s and derives from an earlier sense of "butt" as an archery or shooting target (mid-14th century, from Old French but). These expressions highlight "butt"'s evolution from literal to metaphorical uses, often evoking physical intrusion or vulnerability.^[95] During the Victorian era (1837–1901), direct references to the buttocks were largely taboo in polite discourse, with society favoring euphemisms like "bottom" or "posterior" to maintain decorum amid strict moral standards on bodily topics. By the 20th century, the term gained traction in American media, normalizing casual slang; for instance, the 1994 Friends episode "The One with the Butt" humorously featured actor Joey Tribbiani as a "butt double" for Al Pacino, contributing to its pop culture visibility. Post-1990s, cultural focus shifted toward women's buttocks in media, exemplified by the rise of hip-hop videos and celebrities promoting curvaceous figures, which spurred trends like Brazilian butt lifts (BBLs) surging from 59,372 procedures worldwide in 2010 to 335,637 in 2017.^[99]^[100]^[101]^[102] Globally, variants reflect regional preferences: British English favors "bum" (from the 14th century, meaning rear end) as a mild term and "arse" (vulgar, akin to American "ass") for emphasis, while Americans use "butt" for everyday neutrality and "ass" for profanity. In 2025 social media landscapes, body-focused trends continue to evolve, with platforms like TikTok amplifying diverse representations of buttocks through fitness challenges and aesthetic discussions, though specific memes like #ButtChallenge remain niche and short-lived.^[103]^[104] Psychologically, ridicule targeting the buttocks contributes to body shaming, which erodes self-esteem and heightens risks of anxiety and depression, as evidenced by studies showing internalized appearance pressures lead to emotional distress and disordered eating. The 2010s body positivity movement, originating on platforms like Tumblr and gaining momentum via influencers, countered this by promoting acceptance of diverse body shapes, including larger buttocks, and challenging narrow beauty ideals; research indicates such initiatives improve psychological well-being by fostering resilience against shaming.^[105]^[106]^[107]

Everyday Objects

A cigarette butt refers to the filtered remnant of a cigarette after it has been smoked, consisting primarily of a cellulose acetate filter that captures tar and nicotine. These butts are among the most littered items globally, with an estimated 4.5 trillion discarded annually, contributing significantly to plastic pollution as the filters do not biodegrade easily and release toxic chemicals into the environment.^[108] Efforts to address this issue include collection drives, such as those by Ocean Conservancy, which reported 1,134,292 butts gathered worldwide in 2022.^[109]^[110] Other remnants known as butts include the worn or frayed end of a rope, often discarded after heavy use in nautical or industrial contexts, where it represents the unusable portion beyond the principal length.^[111] In investing, the term "cigar butt" describes undervalued stocks likened to a discarded cigar stub with one final puff of value left, a strategy popularized by Warren Buffett in his early career during the 1950s and 1960s, though he referenced it reflectively in his 1989 Berkshire Hathaway shareholder letter as a limited approach yielding short-term gains but lacking long-term growth potential.^[112] Among tools, a butt hinge is a simple pivot joint used for doors and cabinets, featuring two rectangular leaves connected by a central pin that allows the attached surfaces to swing open while butting against each other when closed; it is typically mortised into the frame and door for a flush fit.^[113] In welding, a butt joint involves placing metal edges end-to-end for fusion, often requiring edge preparation such as beveling for thicker materials to ensure penetration and strength without filler in thinner applications.^[114] Historically, a butt served as a wooden storage vessel for liquids like wine or ale, constructed from staves and hoops similar to barrels but larger in some regional uses, primarily for transport and aging rather than precise measurement.^[115] In tobacco processing, the leaf butt denotes the lower stem or base portion of the tobacco leaf, separated during threshing or stripping to isolate the lamina for curing and further refinement.^[116] In modern contexts, e-cigarette butts—discarded disposable vaping devices or pods—have emerged as a growing waste concern since the 2010s, containing nicotine residues, batteries, and plastics that leach heavy metals and microplastics into soil and waterways when littered.^[117] These devices, often seen as single-use, exacerbate environmental pollution similar to traditional cigarette filters but with added electronic components complicating recycling; as of 2023, Americans discarded approximately 5.7 disposable vapes per second.^[118]^[119]

References

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One of two round, fleshy mounds of tissue behind the pelvis. The buttocks are made up of fat and thick muscle tissue that help support the body while sitting.Missing: anatomy | Show results with:anatomy
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Apr 4, 2024 · The gluteal region, also known as the buttocks, belongs to the posterior surface of the lower limb and is located inferior to the lower back.
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The buttock is a rounded bulge in the lower gluteal region, shaped by the gluteus maximus muscle, with thick skin and fat.
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[18]
Sex differences in human adipose tissues – the biology of pear shape
May 31, 2012 · Women, compared to men, have higher percent body fat and deposit it in a different pattern, with relatively more adipose tissue in the hips and thighs.Missing: buttocks | Show results with:buttocks
[19]
Redefining the Ideal Buttocks: A Population Analysis - ResearchGate
Aug 9, 2025 · ... buttock size and shape based on patient age, cultural, and ethnic differences. Results: There were significant differences in buttock size ...
[20]
Saggy Buttocks: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments - Ask The Expert
Jun 22, 2021 · Saggy buttocks is a common side effect of ageing, genetics or dramatic weight loss in men and women. As the buttocks store a high level of fat, it is normal ...Missing: human | Show results with:human
[21]
Episode 6: Losing Your Butt As You Age Is Not A Good Thing
Nov 9, 2019 · Meaning older people had flat butts with more tendon tears in their gluteal muscles. We also know that the butt muscles are stabilizers of the ...
[22]
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22960-gluteal-tendinopathy
[23]
The Functions of Fats – Nutrition: Science and Everyday Application
Fat functions as an important depot for energy storage, offers insulation and protection, and plays important roles in regulating and signaling.Missing: physiological cushioning
[24]
Why does fat deposit on the hips and thighs of women and around ...
Sep 23, 2002 · The fat stored around the pelvis, buttocks and thighs of women appears to act as reserve storage for the energy demands of lactation. This would ...
[25]
How did human butts evolve to look that way? - Massive Science
which might also have something to do with us becoming bipeds. Humans have ...
[26]
Gluteal Tendinopathy: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment
A tendon injury causes gluteal tendinopathy. The condition causes chronic hip pain that's often severe. It can affect your ability to be active, sleep well and ...Tendinopathy Treatment · Tendinopathy · Gluteal Muscles (Glutes)
[27]
Piriformis Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes and Treatment
Piriformis syndrome occurs when the piriformis muscle presses on the sciatic nerve. It causes pain or numbness in your butt, hip or upper leg.
[28]
Squats for Glutes: Try These Variations to Target the Tush - Healthline
Jul 1, 2021 · Squatting is a great lower body exercise that targets your quadriceps, glutes, hamstrings, calves, and core muscles. How to promote glute ...Muscles worked · Glute-focused squats · Squat variations
[29]
Butt Bruise: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments, and More - Healthline
May 15, 2019 · Butt bruises usually aren't a serious matter. Small, minor bruises should start to go away in a few days on their own, and larger bruises may take more than a ...
[30]
[PDF] 2023 Plastic Surgery Statistics Report
Sep 26, 2023 · And while thigh lifts remained relatively even year over year at 2 per- cent, lower body lifts increased by 5 percent and buttock lifts rose 6 ...
[31]
Butt (unit) - Wikipedia
The butt is an obsolete English measure of liquid volume equalling two hogsheads, being between 450 and 1,060 litres by various definitions.
[32]
From the Noggin to the Butt: Quirky Measurement Units Throughout ...
Mar 30, 2022 · In the U.S., one butt is equal to 126 gallons (so a hogshead is equal to 63 gallons). If you'd like to cleanse your palate after all this and ...Missing: Anne's 1707
[33]
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/A_history_of_taxation_and_taxes_in_England_from_the_earliest_times_to_the_year_1885_%28IA_cu31924061059683%29.pdf
[34]
Barrels & Butts, Casks & Kegs: The Containers of Rum
Mar 31, 2021 · 14, it is re-enacted that the tun of wine should contain 252 gallons, a butt of Malmsey 126 gallons, a pipe 126 gallons, a tercian or puncheon ...
[35]
The Word “Butt” is Actually a Unit of Measurement - Medium
Apr 29, 2021 · The term “butt” was a medieval unit of measure for wine casks, and the measurement was standardized in 1707.<|control11|><|separator|>
[36]
https://whiskymag.com/articles/the-enduring-legacy-of-sherry/
[37]
None
Below is a merged response that consolidates all the information from the provided summaries into a single, comprehensive overview. To maximize detail and clarity, I’ve organized the information into a dense, tabular format where appropriate, supplemented by narrative text for context and additional details that don’t fit neatly into a table. The response retains all mentioned information while ensuring readability and completeness.
[38]
Notes on the weights and measures of medieval England - Persée
Statutes of the late fifteenth century give several smaller wine measures; the ter¬ tian was 84 gallons, the Hogshead 63u, the Tierce 41 12, the Barrel 31 1/2, ...
[39]
Sherry Casks: a little history
Sep 27, 2018 · The ageing of Sherry has always been carried out in old butts which have contained lesser quality wines before forming part of a solera.
[40]
The enduring legacy of sherry | Whisky Magazine
Today, butts made from American oak (Quercus alba) are most commonly used, a practice that emerged during centuries of trade between Spain and the New World ...
[41]
Forgotten British and Irish units - Metric Views
Jun 15, 2013 · In various other scales of measurement we have the strike, peck, pot, gill, pint, quart, tierce, boll, coomb, pipe, butt, tun, and score. In ...
[42]
Part 3: The Macallan's most important ingredient: Time
Mar 25, 2024 · We use a number of different cask sizes, from the 190L American Oak Barrel (used for bourbon) up to the larger 500L Sherry Butts, made in Jerez ...Missing: Scotch | Show results with:Scotch
[43]
buttload, n. meanings, etymology and more - Oxford English Dictionary
OED's earliest evidence for buttload is from 1988, in the writing of R. Rayner. buttload is formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: butt n.6, ...Missing: slang | Show results with:slang
[44]
https://hsprecision.com/how-to-measure-length-of-pull/
[45]
Back To Basics: Rifle Stock Components & Designs
Feb 15, 2017 · ... design, execution and materials of their rifle stocks. These ... Back To Basics: Choosing The Best Buttstock · Back To Basics: Handgun ...
[46]
Stocks and Grips: An Evolution | An Official Journal Of The NRA
Aug 21, 2023 · The evolution of rifle stocks and pistol grips from wood to modern polymers represents a journey of innovation, functionality, and aesthetics.
[47]
How To Choose The Best AR-15 Stock - Wing Tactical
Generally, there are four main types of rifle stocks available for AR-15s on the market. You have fixed stocks, collapsible stocks, PDW stocks, and minimalist ...
[48]
How to Measure Length of Pull - H-S Precision
Aug 20, 2021 · With a standard stock length of 13.5 inches, Pro-Series stocks can be shortened to 12.5 inches or extended to 14.5 inches. (Other lengths beyond ...
[49]
https://www.peosoldier.army.mil/Equipment/Equipment-Portfolio/Project-Manager-Soldier-Lethality-Portfolio/M4-M4A1-Carbine/
[50]
Folding 1911 Shoulder Stock - Forgotten Weapons
Aug 20, 2014 · Only explaination is that it was an attempt by someone to make better use of the left-over stock of 1911's after WWII. ... History · Milsurps ...
[51]
https://learn.kregtool.com/learn/what-is-a-butt-joint/
[52]
https://www.woodmagazine.com/woodworking-tips/techniques/joinery/end-to-end
[53]
M4 / M4A1 5.56mm Carbine - Specifications - GlobalSecurity.org
Jan 16, 2013 · M4 Carbine. Weight (With Loaded 30 Round Magazine), 7 pounds 5 ounces (3.32 kilograms). Length (Buttstock Closed), 29.75 inches. Length ( ...
[54]
Portfolio - PM SL - M4/M4A1 Carbine - PEO Soldier
Length: 29.75 inches (buttstock closed), 33 inches (buttstock open); Barrel length: 14.5 inches; Range: 500 meters ...
[55]
[PDF] Woodworking-Joints.pdf
The butt joint is the most basic woodworking joint. Commonly used when framing walls in conventional, stick-framed homes, this joint relies on.Missing: history | Show results with:history
[56]
All About Butt Joints - A Woodworker's Guide | Kreg Tool
May 17, 2024 · Butt joints can be reinforced with various methods, including glue, screws, dowels, or biscuits, to enhance strength and durability.Types Of Butt Joints · Mitered Butt Joint · Butt Joints Find Application...
[57]
8 ways to make end-to-end joints that hold - WOOD Magazine
End-to-end joints can be strengthened by adding reinforcements like straps, dowels, or screws, or by using methods that create mechanical strength, such as ...Drill And Dowel · Miter-Cut Scarf Joints · Basic Half-Lap Joints
[58]
Doweling vs. Biscuit Joints Which Is Better? - Rockler
Oct 23, 2018 · Biscuits are easier for alignment and prevent pulling apart, while dowels are stronger, especially in shear strength, but take longer to make.
[59]
Seldom discussed features of ancient and medieval ship construction
Butt joints were best nailed and treenailed to frames, yet most Greco-Roman hulls had no frames in place when the planking was installed. Ancient shipwrights ...Missing: history | Show results with:history
[60]
Of Sailing Ships & Steeples | The Old North Church & Historic Site
Dec 6, 2018 · The butt joint is the simplest; two ends “butt” together. This joint requires a pin or fastener when used in construction (glue will suffice for ...
[61]
https://www.rinehart3d.com/
[62]
Butts - Medieval Life and Times
The Butts was an area used for archery training during the Medieval timesby Archers, especially using the longbow weapon.
[63]
MoEML: Finsbury Field - The Map of Early Modern London
Finsbury Field was well known for archery, and there are records of the field being used for this purpose as far back as 1498.Missing: butts 16th
[64]
target - Longbow Archers
The butt was originally a wooden cask, later a wedge-shaped mound of earth covered with grass. Height at the target front was some 7 feet (2.1m) high and 4 feet ...
[65]
Archery Targets From Around The World - Archery Historian
From about the 1700s onwards a common archery target was made using coiled straw. The straw was wound into a circle, covered in cloth with concentric ...
[66]
Rinehart Targets
Self-Healing Foam. Designed to close up after each shot, allowing targets to withstand thousands of arrows without significant wear. Learn More.3D Targets · Targets · Cube Targets · Bag TargetsMissing: modern | Show results with:modern
[67]
Field of Play setup - Target Rounds - Rulebook | World Archery
Size of target face at different distances and target set-up outdoors. The 122cm target face shall be used for the distances of 90, 70, 60m (and 50m for U18 and ...<|separator|>
[68]
[PDF] Butts for shooting, shelter and watching
These are usually 3-4 meters in diameter and. 1.5 meters high depending how many people they are intended to accommodate. Although the height is sometimes ...
[69]
Butt Surname: Meaning, Origin & Family History - SurnameDB
It is a topographical name, derived from the Middle English "but", meaning mark for archery, target or goal, ultimately from the Old French "but", aim, target. ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[70]
Butt Name Meaning and Butt Family History at FamilySearch
English: nickname from Middle English but(te), Old English butta '(something or someone) short and stumpy', also used as a personal name up until c. 1200.
[71]
Butt last name popularity, history, and meaning
It is believed to have derived from the Old English word "butt," which referred to a small piece of land or a place where archery butts were set up for target ...
[72]
Butt History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms - HouseOfNames
Early Origins of the Butt family The surname Butt was first found in the village named Butt in Normandy where William Bot was listed in 1195-1198 3.Butt History · Etymology · Early Origins · World Ranking
[73]
Bhatts Rajput Jammu and Kashmir - Mughal Library
Bhat, also spelled as Butt, is a Kashmiri surname, found among individuals ... Some Muslim Bhats/Butts found in the Punjab migrated from Kashmir and ...
[74]
WHO ARE BHATS , BUTTS OR BHATTS - CHINAR SHADE
Oct 14, 2013 · WHO ARE BHATS, BHATTS OR BUTTS. Bhatt or Butt or Bhat has Sanskrit origin meaning scholar or a learned man. It is believed that people of this ...<|separator|>
[75]
Butt Surname Origin, Meaning & Last Name History - Forebears
Butt Surname Distribution Map ; England, 15,797, 1:3,527 ; India, 13,960, 1:54,947 ; United Arab Emirates, 8,257, 1:1,110 ; Canada, 7,063, 1:5,217 ...
[76]
https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/nicky-butt-at-50-an-unsung-hero-of-the-sir-alex-ferguson-era
[77]
Sir William Butts - RCP Museum
He was physician to Henry VIII, whose confidence he enjoyed to a remarkable degree; and he seems to have been favourable to the Reformation.
[78]
Butt, Isaac - Dictionary of Irish Biography
Butt, Isaac (1813–79), barrister and politician, was born 6 September 1813 in the Rectory at Glenfin, Co. Donegal, the only son of Robert Butt (d. 1829), a ...
[79]
Archibald Butt - Today In Georgia History
Sep 26, 2025 · His work in the Philippines with the Quartermaster Department impressed President Theodore Roosevelt, who made Butt his personal military aide.
[80]
Dame Clara Butt, Singer and Early Star of Recorded Music
Dame Clara went on to become a world famous contralto singer with an extraordinary singing range whose performances could move audiences to tears.
[81]
Hans-Jörg Butt: the goalscoring goalkeeper - Bundesliga
Sep 7, 2023 · Butt's goalkeeping report card reads a fairly ordinary 482 goals conceded and 104 clean sheets across 34,601 minutes of Bundesliga action. He ...
[82]
Muneeb Butt - Actor Who Evolves With Every Role - Hamariweb.com
Muneeb Butt is a famous Pakistani Actor and Model, who was born on Apr 14, 1992 in Karachi, Pakistan. Find Muneeb Butt age, wife, net worth, height, weight, ...
[83]
Smoke, yes, but where's the fire? | Books | The Guardian
Apr 12, 2008 · Will Self's latest novel, The Butt is, in common with much of his work, an allegorical satire, its prime target the post-Iraq Western liberal conscience.Missing: themes | Show results with:themes
[84]
https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Butts/Heather-Radke/9781982135492
[85]
https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/07/books/review/butts-a-backstory-heather-radke.html
[86]
None
Nothing is retrieved...<|control11|><|separator|>
[87]
Butts | Book by Heather Radke | Official Publisher Page
At turns troubling, wild, painful, surprising and flat-out fun, Radke's reporting unearths a set of largely overlooked historical figures with outsized effects ...Missing: themes | Show results with:themes
[88]
Book Review: 'Butts,' by Heather Radke - The New York Times
Dec 7, 2022 · 'Butts: A Backstory' Tells Us to Take Them Seriously. In her new cultural history, Heather Radke considers how women's backsides have been ...Missing: themes | Show results with:themes
[89]
Iconic gay mag Butt magazine returns after a decade-long hiatus
Apr 13, 2022 · Butt was founded by Dutch journalist Gert Jonkers and art director Jop van Bennekom in 2001. It adopted a distinctly fleshy hue and featured ...Missing: culture history impact
[90]
A Film Probes the Legacy of BUTT Magazine - Hyperallergic
Feb 14, 2018 · Half lifestyle magazine, half porn zine, over the decade of its activity, from 2001 to 2011, BUTT triggered a new aesthetic in gay subculture: ...Missing: impact | Show results with:impact
[91]
'Butt' Magazine Is Relaunching, Thank the Gay Gods | Out.com
Feb 16, 2022 · "BUTT's surprise rebirth this spring begins a new conversation focused on cross-community solidarity and sexual freedom," the publication ...Missing: culture founders
[92]
Interviews - Butt Magazine
Interviews. An alphabetical list of some interviews from BUTT magazine. A ... Omar Ayuso. BUTT - 1. Owen Pallett. P. BUTT - Veronicafalls. Patrick Doyle. BUTT ...Missing: 2022 | Show results with:2022
[93]
https://buttmagazine.com/interviews/omar-ayuso/
[94]
Bottega Veneta and BUTT Magazine Present Issue 37 - Hypebae
Sep 17, 2025 · Issue 37 is set to include photography by Nan Goldin, images of Omar Apollo at the Eagle and a “real talk” segment with Brazilian congresswoman ...
[95]
BUTT 37 - Butt Magazine
Lots of straight-talking in BUTT no. 37. Bangers only. Édouard Louis, the bottom dynamics of a top author. By Jordan Tannahill and Nan Goldin. Rubén Darío Gómez ...
[96]
Omar Ayuso - Butt Magazine
ISSUE 37 Buttfeed Archive Library Interviews Pictures Club Butt Events Mixtapes Shop About ... Omar Ayuso. Photography and interview by. Luis Venegas. SPANISH ...Missing: 2022 | Show results with:2022
[97]
https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/kick%2Bass
[98]
Butt - Etymology, Origin & Meaning
"Butt" originates from Proto-Germanic and Old French roots meaning "end, strike, or target." It denotes a thick end, cask, flat fish, thrust, or posterior.
[99]
butt-kicking, n. meanings, etymology and more
The earliest known use of the noun butt-kicking is in the 1970s. OED's earliest evidence for butt-kicking is from 1970, in Times Herald Record (Middletown, New ...Missing: idiom | Show results with:idiom
[100]
Kick ass - Idioms by The Free Dictionary
kick ass/butt. Enforce one's authority, strongly assert oneself. Both versions of this vulgar term seem to have originated in the mid-1900s in the military, ...
[101]
Pain - Etymology, Origin & Meaning
Phrase give (someone) a pain "be annoying and irritating" is by 1895; as a noun, localized as pain in the neck (1924) and pain in the ass (1934), though ...
[102]
Hi. This Is a List of Butt-Related Words. - Merriam-Webster
Hi. This Is a List of Butt-Related Words. ; Caboose · - buttocks ; Callipygian · - having shapely buttocks ; Bumbaste · - dialectal, England: to beat on the buttocks.Missing: academic | Show results with:academic
[103]
"Friends" The One with the Butt (TV Episode 1994) - IMDb
Rating 8/10 (7,581) Joey lands a film role as Al Pacino's butt double. Chandler enjoys a relationship with all of the fun but none of the responsibility.Monica's obsessiveness is ...Full cast & crew · The One with the Butt · The One with the Blackout · 7 of 9
[104]
How Women's Perfect Body Types Changed Throughout The Past ...
Dec 13, 2019 · The year 2014 saw the rise of something not-so-new in the world of the perfect female body: the prominence of the butt. Though having a big ...<|separator|>
[105]
UK-to-US Word of the Year: bum - Separated by a Common Language
Dec 28, 2013 · I had never heard "bum" meaning backside/gluteus maximus/butt/buttocks till I was teaching in elementary school soon after moving to Alberta, ...Missing: global variants
[106]
A Review Of The Ample Variety Of 'Butt' Words Across The World
“Arse” is the British (and Australian, and Kiwi) equivalent to the ...Missing: global | Show results with:global
[107]
(PDF) Body Shaming: Ramifications on an Individual - ResearchGate
Body shaming is the action of expressing humiliation about another individual's body shape or size which can result in severe emotional trauma, especially at a ...
[108]
Body Perceptions and Psychological Well-Being: A Review of the ...
This narrative review examines the interplay among body image perceptions, social media influence, physical measurements, and their impact on psychological ...
[109]
A look back at a decade of body positivity - VICE
Dec 22, 2019 · From fidget spinners to fuck boys, the past ten years have seen a multitude of trends come and go, some more culturally influential than others.Missing: buttocks | Show results with:buttocks
[110]
[PDF] An Ocean Conservancy Policy Report Informed by 35 Years of ...
Global cigarette butt pollution from about 4.5 trillion littered butts accounts for approximately 300,000 tons of potential plastics microfibers released into ...
[111]
Cigarette Butts – Biodegradable or not? - Blogs - University of Florida
Jun 4, 2024 · In 2022 alone, the Ocean Conservancy reported 1,860,651 cigarette butts collected worldwide. Cigarette butts constitute nearly 20% of all ...
[112]
FAG END - Definition & Meaning - Reverso English Dictionary
Noun ; 1. smoking · the stub of a cigarette ; 2. textile Rare · the frayed end of cloth or rope ; 3. !! undesirable · least desirable portion ...
[113]
Warren Buffett: These were my biggest early mistakes
May 26, 2014 · “cigar butt” approach to investing. A cigar butt found on the street that has only one puff left in it may not offer much of a smoke, but ...
[114]
https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/what-is-a-butt-weld
[115]
What is a Butt Weld? - TWI Global
A butt weld is one of the simplest and versatile welds. The joint is formed simply by placing two pieces of metal end-to-end and then welding along the ...
[116]
Casks - barrel, butt, punchon, pipe, barrique,hogshead
Jul 28, 2014 · In the British brewing industry a butt is officially 108 imperial gallons. Barrique (Cognac type) Capacity: 300 litres / 79 US gallons / 66 imp ...
[117]
METHOD OF PROCESSING TOBACCO LEAVES - TREA
The whole tobacco leaves are tipped, in order to receive tips and butts. The tips and butts are then separated. The separated tips are further processed by ...
[118]
A toxic, plastic problem: E-cigarette waste and the environment
Mar 8, 2021 · E-cigarettes left on the street eventually break down into microplastics and chemicals that flow into the storm drains to pollute our waterways ...Missing: 2010s | Show results with:2010s
[119]
A Review of Environmental Pollution from the Use and Disposal of ...
Cigarette butts and electronic cigarette components can leach contaminants into soil, water, and air. Cellulose acetate cigarette filters comprising the butts ...