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Chaser

Chaser (April 28, 2004 – July 23, 2019) was a dog trained by retired professor to recognize and retrieve 1,022 distinct objects by their unique names, establishing the largest verified for any non-human animal. Pilley, who began intensive play-based training with the puppy in his home, documented Chaser's abilities through controlled experiments that excluded reliance on cues like scent or human gestures, confirming her receptive language skills via repeated trials yielding near-perfect accuracy. Beyond rote memorization, Chaser demonstrated of objects by type and function—distinguishing toys from non-toys or balls from Frisbees—and comprehension of simple sentences incorporating prepositional phrases, such as "toy to ball," enabling her to process grammatical structure and semantics. These feats, detailed in peer-reviewed studies, highlighted Border Collies' capacity for associative learning akin to early child , challenging prior underestimations of while relying on empirical testing rather than anecdotal claims. Chaser's demonstrations, featured in documentaries and Pilley's 2013 book Chaser: Unlocking the Genius of the Dog Who Knows a , drew global attention to limits, though her exceptional performance stemmed from breed-specific instincts and thousands of daily repetitions rather than innate "genius" independent of human-directed effort. She lived until age 15, succumbing to natural causes a year after Pilley's death.

Animals

Border Collie (2004–2019)

Chaser was a born on April 28, 2004, who was acquired as a by retired in , later that year. , a of at , initiated intensive daily sessions with Chaser, dedicating approximately five hours per day over several years to teach her to recognize and retrieve specific objects by their proper-noun names. This regimen resulted in Chaser learning to distinguish and respond to the names of 1,022 distinct toys and objects, including stuffed animals and balls, demonstrating sustained retention over a three-year testing period. Chaser died of natural causes on July 23, 2019, at age 15. Pilley's training method relied on repetitive association, where Chaser was commanded to fetch a named object from a group, receiving positive reinforcement for correct retrievals and for errors, without reliance on contextual cues like or location. This process enabled Chaser to comprehend object names as verbal referents independent of associated actions, as verified through controlled experiments where she selected correct items amid distractors. Further testing revealed her capacity for fast-mapping, inferring the name of a novel object by exclusion when presented with unfamiliar s alongside known ones. Chaser also exhibited rudimentary syntactic understanding, correctly interpreting simple verb-object-preposition commands, such as directing her to place a specific in a particular location. These abilities were rigorously documented in peer-reviewed studies co-authored by Pilley, including publications in Behavioural Processes (2011) confirming her object-name comprehension and retention, and in Learning and Motivation (2013) detailing her sentence-structure parsing. Empirical data from these experiments underscored Chaser's associative learning prowess, achieved through consistent, principle-based repetition rather than innate linguistic faculties akin to humans. Pilley detailed the and outcomes in his 2013 book Chaser: Unlocking the Genius of the Dog Who Knows a Thousand Words, co-authored with Hilary Hinzmann. Chaser's demonstrations gained public attention, including a 2011 visit by astrophysicist , who tested her recall of over 1,000 items in a controlled setting broadcast by PBS. The documented feats provide evidence of exceptional canine memory and discrimination capabilities within the breed, attributable to targeted and , challenging underestimations of non-human while remaining grounded in observable behavioral responses. No claims of human-like comprehension were substantiated beyond associative discriminations, as validated by exclusion of alternative explanations like rote in experimental designs.

Entertainment

Film

The Chaser (Korean: 추격자; Chugyeogja) is a written and directed by in his feature directorial debut. The story centers on Joong-ho (played by ), a disgraced former detective operating a ring, who pursues one of his missing workers, Mi-jin (), only to uncover links to a portrayed by . Inspired by real-life serial killings in during the , the narrative builds tension through procedural elements, highlighting institutional failures in law enforcement and the dehumanizing effects of urban poverty and in . The film runs 125 minutes and was produced by , with a budget not publicly detailed but achieved through Na's script development from experience. Released theatrically in on February 14, 2008, earned approximately US$3.9 million in its opening weekend, securing second place at the domestic behind the film Hello, Schoolgirl. It ultimately grossed over ₩25 billion (roughly US$22 million) locally, contributing to its status as a commercial success amid competition from imports and local hits. Internationally, it premiered at the in the section and screened at festivals like and , expanding its reach through subtitled releases in markets including the via in 2009. Critically, the film received praise for its relentless pacing, atmospheric depiction of nocturnal , and Na Hong-jin's command of suspense without relying on graphic excess, though some noted its grim tone and procedural clichés. It holds an 82% approval rating on based on 33 reviews, with consensus highlighting it as a "taut, intelligent " exemplifying South filmmaking's strengths in the late 2000s. Kim Yoon-seok's performance as the flawed anti-hero drew particular acclaim for blending desperation and moral ambiguity, while Ha Jung-woo's understated portrayal of the killer emphasized psychological realism over monstrosity. At the 2008 Grand Bell Awards, won Best Film, Best Actor for , and Best New Director for , alongside nominations for Best Screenplay (Na and co-writer Shin-ho Lee). It also secured Best Film and Best Actress (Seo Young-hee) at the Puchon International Fantastic Film Festival, and multiple nods at the Blue Dragon Film Awards, including Technical Award for Sound. These honors underscored its influence on subsequent Korean thrillers, though no major sequels or remakes followed. Lesser-known works sharing the title include short films like a 1995 Australian experimental piece directed by , but none achieved comparable prominence or thematic depth.

Music

CHASER is a melodic band formed in fall 2000 in , by four local musicians starting in a drummer's garage. The group draws influences from bands like Pennywise, , and , emphasizing energetic, positive-vibe with catchy melodies. Key releases include the album Small Victories (2024), Dreamers (2021), Sound the Sirens (2018), Numb America (2006, remastered 2019), and the EP Look Alive (recent), alongside earlier works like The Big Picture (2010) and Action / Accion EP (2011). CHASER also serves as the moniker for a Canadian-Mexican music producer and DJ, primarily active in and genres with influences extending to broader . The producer has released tracks such as "Aquí Por Ti" featuring Dían Gil (2024, via Palmic Records) and "Top of the World" (VIP mix), distributed through platforms like and . Notable songs titled "Chaser" by other artists include Underwood's track from her fifth studio Storyteller (released October 23, 2015), characterized by themes of pursuit and resilience, and "The " by South Korean boy group , a high-energy from their third EP Infinitize (May 2012) noted for its driving beat and choreography.

Television

"Chaser" (2024) is an American television series created by Daniel Roemer, focusing on Eddi Sebastian, a struggling film editor who acquires the ability to re-edit events from the previous 24 hours, leading to unintended consequences and ethical dilemmas. The series premiered on April 4, 2024, with Season 1 consisting of episodes that blend dark comedy, time manipulation, and , starring Russ Russo as the protagonist alongside Gia Bay and Daniel de Weldon. Available on Prime Video, it has received ratings averaging 7.0 to 7.8 out of 10 from critics and viewers, praised for its innovative premise but critiqued for pacing in early episodes. The (2012), known in as 추적자 (Chujeokja), is a South Korean action drama series broadcast on , centering on a father's quest for vengeance against corrupt officials following personal tragedy. Airing from November 20 to December 26, 2012, the 16-episode run features intense pursuit narratives and critiques of institutional , with lead performances by actors including Kim Young-kwang. Viewer metrics indicate solid domestic reception, though international availability remains limited to streaming platforms like Viki. The Chaser's War on Everything (2006–2009) is an satirical series produced by the comedy group , targeting political and social issues through , stunts, and investigative humor. Broadcast on across three seasons totaling 58 episodes, from February 17, 2006, to September 4, 2009, it garnered acclaim for bold content, achieving an 8.7/10 rating based on over 2,700 user votes, though it faced controversies over segments mocking public figures and policies. The show's format emphasized current events without scripted chases, distinguishing it from genres.

Other media and productions

Chaser is a 2003 first-person shooter video game developed by and published by Productions. Set in 2044 on Mars, the plot follows John Chaser, a man suffering from amid interstellar conflict between corporate forces and . The game features single-player campaigns across levels involving sections, and puzzle elements, utilizing the Serious for and physics. Chaser: A Novel, written by Miasha and published by Touchstone in July 2009, is an urban fiction work depicting two young lovers navigating ambition, crime, and betrayal in pursuit of wealth. The narrative explores themes of loyalty and moral compromise in a gritty urban setting. Chaser Entertainment LLC, based in Boca Raton, Florida, provides event production services including DJ performances, live trivia games, and themed parties such as drag shows and Halloween events. Incorporated around 2010, the company caters to weddings, corporate functions, and social gatherings with interactive entertainment formats.

Technology and Business

Software and automation tools

Chaser is a cloud-based (AR) platform developed by Technologies Ltd., a founded in 2013 by David Tuck in , , with the product launching in 2014 to streamline processes for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The software automates invoice reminders via , , or , tracks payments in real-time, and manages communications while preserving customer relationships through customizable, non-aggressive messaging. Key features include seamless two-way integrations with accounting systems like Xero, Online, and , which automatically sync and customer data to eliminate manual entry. Additional capabilities encompass access for bespoke workflows, assessments, and AI-powered recommendations for optimal reminder timing to maximize collection efficiency without increasing overdue volumes. Empirical data from user implementations show accelerated , with average payment times reduced by over 16 days and weekly AR administrative time savings exceeding 15 hours per team. In one , an accountancy firm automated its to save 13 hours monthly, equivalent to nearly two full working days. Another client, Docuflow, reduced average payment delays by 54 days post-integration, enabling faster revenue realization. Post-2020 developments include a $4 million growth funding round in November 2019 to support international expansion, followed by enhanced compatibility in and broader adoption aiding £30 billion in late payment recoveries while eliminating over 6 million hours of manual chasing across global users by October . These outcomes stem from the platform's focus on predictive rather than generic reminders, as validated by user testimonials and integration metrics.

Hardware and pursuit systems

The StarChase system consists of a vehicle-mounted launcher integrated into cruisers, designed to fire adhesive GPS-enabled at fleeing from up to 150 feet away, allowing officers to track suspects remotely and terminate pursuits without direct engagement. The hardware includes a compressed-gas launcher typically installed in the grille, with featuring GPS transmitters that adhere to the target's exterior and relay location data via cellular networks for up to 48 hours. Developed in the mid-2000s as a less-lethal alternative to high-speed chases—which data from contemporaneous studies estimated caused approximately 14,000 injuries and 700 fatalities annually —the system prioritizes officer and public safety by enabling apprehension post-pursuit. Adoption has occurred across more than 30 U.S. states and internationally, with agencies such as the Forsyth County Sheriff's Office and deploying it in patrol vehicles as of 2024–2025 to manage pursuit risks under restrictive policies. A 2017 evaluation of deployments in three agencies found the system had a positive impact on pursuit outcomes when aligned with departmental policies and , though depended on factors like hit rates (typically 70–85% in reported field use) and officer willingness to deploy during dynamic scenarios. One , , reported an 85% success rate in tagging and subsequent apprehensions over a 10-month period ending in 2017. However, challenges including low deployment rates, technical failures, and policy mismatches led some agencies, such as Oakland Police Department, to discontinue the system after five years of use in 2024. Separate from pursuit technologies, Chaser Technologies produces mechanical hardware components for bicycles, including adapters, bottom brackets, brake levers, pads, and rotors, targeted at and upgrading various bike frames. These adapters, for instance, mount to dropouts with flat surfaces or eyelets, supporting rotor sizes from 145mm to 160mm and compatible with brands like Tektro for braking systems. The components emphasize durability for mountain, road, and utility bikes, distributed wholesale from a base in , with products like Kalloy/Uno brackets facilitating custom assemblies. Real-world applications include conversions of older frames lacking disc mounts, as documented in user modifications since at least the early .

Other technical applications

Chaser XR is a (GPR) system developed by IDS GeoRadar, a company, for geophysical surveying and subsurface investigations. Launched on September 27, 2023, it integrates (Enhanced Signal Technology), a patented innovation that enhances to achieve greater depth penetration, , and compared to traditional multi-frequency GPR setups. The system features a single all-in-one covering standard frequency ranges (typically 200–900 MHz equivalents), enabling applications such as detection, geological mapping, and assessment with reduced equipment needs and improved data clarity through advanced synthesis and noise reduction algorithms. In , the "reference chaser" controller (RCBC) represents a control for quality-of-service (QoS) mapping in networks under delay constraints. Proposed in a 2010 study by researchers Mario Marchese and Maurizio Mongelli, RCBC employs real-time monitoring and optimization to dynamically adjust allocation, "chasing" a reference occupancy level to minimize while adhering to limits. This method outperforms static heuristics by adapting to variable traffic loads via causal feedback loops in queue dynamics, with simulations demonstrating up to 20% reduction in loss rates in heterogeneous networks like or systems. Its implementation relies on measurable parameters such as arrival rates and service times, making it suitable for resource-constrained environments without requiring full network state knowledge.

Beverages and Culinary Uses

Drink accompaniment

In bartending, a chaser is a secondary beverage, often milder in flavor or content, consumed immediately after a of stronger to mitigate its harsh taste or burning sensation. This practice facilitates the intake of straight spirits like whiskey or , which are typically served neat in saloons or bars without dilution. The term and custom trace to 19th-century American saloons, where working-class patrons paired potent whiskey shots—often 100-proof or higher—with to ease repeated consumption amid long workdays in or railroading towns. By 1894, "chaser" specifically described a mild drink taken alongside or after a stronger one in U.S. vernacular, evolving from earlier hunting metaphors for pursuit. A prominent example is the , combining a whiskey shot dropped into or chased by , named possibly for industrial workers or imagery in the late 1800s. Common pairings emphasize contrast: whiskey or with for carbonation and refreshment; vodka with , , or pickle brine to counter sharpness; shots followed by , a spiced mix in tradition. Non-alcoholic options like water or citrus slices serve to cleanse the without adding . Cultural variations reflect local rituals: in , vodka shots are chased with , , or to align with communal toasts; practices pair aquavit with (snaps); while some U.S. regional customs favor pickle juice for its briny reset after . These pairings prioritize sensory balance over intoxication modulation, as chasers post-shot exert negligible physiological influence on the primary liquor's rapid gastric absorption and blood concentration, determined chiefly by total volume and individual factors like body weight. Empirical studies on alcohol kinetics show no significant delay from brief post-ingestion dilution, though hydration from water-based chasers may indirectly reduce dehydration symptoms without altering impairment.

Crafts and Trades

Metalworking technique

In metalworking, chasing refers to the technique of refining and detailing raised designs on the front surface of sheet metal using specialized hammers and punches, typically following repoussé work where the metal is initially shaped from the reverse side. This process involves striking the metal over a yielding backing, such as pitch or lead, to create precise indentations, outlines, and textures without requiring heat or melting, allowing for intricate low-relief patterns on malleable metals like silver, gold, or copper. The chaser, the skilled artisan performing this task, employs controlled hammer blows to drag or displace metal fibers, enhancing form and surface detail while preserving the object's structural integrity. The origins of chasing trace to ancient civilizations, with evidence of its use in the during the 3rd millennium BCE for mass-produced decorative panels, and in by around 2000 BCE for crafting funeral masks, jewelry, and ritual objects from gold and silver sheets. artisans combined chasing with repoussé to achieve fine engravings and reliefs, as seen in artifacts featuring detailed hieroglyphs and figures hammered into thin metal without modern machinery. The spread to , , and later , where it evolved for ecclesiastical and ornamental items, relying on hand-forged tools rather than powered devices. Chasers utilize chasing hammers with broad, flat faces for broad texturing and domed or ball-peen ends for , paired with punches of varied profiles—such as liners for straight lines, matting tools for backgrounds, or custom-shaped tracers for motifs—to achieve micron-level precision. This demands years of to master force control and tool angles, as excessive striking risks cracking the metal, while insufficient pressure yields shallow details; modern practitioners emphasize unmechanized handwork to replicate historical authenticity in jewelry and . Today, chasing refines cast silver or sculptures and adorns jewelry with filigree-like effects, maintaining its niche in artisanal studios where digital alternatives fail to match tactile refinement.

Slang and Social Terms

Sexual attraction descriptor

In slang usage within certain online and transgender communities, "chaser" denotes a cisgender individual, typically a heterosexual man, who expresses primary sexual interest in transgender women, often perceived as driven by fetishization rather than holistic attraction. The term emerged in the early 2000s amid discussions in forums and personal blogs, where it described those pursuing transgender partners as a specific "type," distinct from broader heterosexual orientations. While sometimes extended to attractions toward other marginalized groups (e.g., fat admiration or age-disparate preferences), its predominant application targets men seeking transgender women, framing such interest as objectifying. Empirical studies indicate that heterosexual men's attraction to women often aligns with biological responses to feminine traits, such as enhanced secondary , rather than inherent . A 2023 University of California, Riverside analysis of straight-identified men found that some reported desire for women due to perceived hyper-femininity, with self-reported arousal patterns mirroring responses to women in visual attention tasks. Similarly, a 2016 survey of gynandromorphophilic men (those attracted to feminine individuals with male anatomy) revealed predominant interest in natal women alongside secondary attraction to women, with elevated but not exclusive bisexual elements compared to general populations. Prevalence estimates vary; informal polls and self-reports suggest around 3-10% of heterosexual men express openness to dating women, though rigorous population-level data remains limited due to . The term "" carries connotations in activist and community discourses, often critiqued for pathologizing innate preferences akin to other specific attractions (e.g., or fetishes), potentially reflecting normative biases that deviation from idealized monogamous . Sources within , which exhibit systemic tendencies toward viewing non-conforming attractions through lenses of power imbalance, frequently deploy it to imply , yet this framing overlooks evidence of mutual relationships and conflates fetishistic extremes with normative variance. Distinctions arise in contexts: qualitative analyses of app users show "" behaviors as early fixation on status or , contrasting with genuine pursuits where partners integrate full identities, though surveys report 75% of individuals encountering such scrutiny on platforms. This highlights causal realities of attraction as multifaceted, influenced by visual cues and availability, rather than reducible to predation.

Brands and Commercial Products

Apparel and lifestyle

Chaser Brand, founded in 1988 in , , operates as a contemporary apparel and lifestyle company specializing in casual, vintage-inspired clothing. The brand draws from rock 'n' roll influences and indie aesthetics, producing items for women, men, and children that emphasize relaxed fits and cultural motifs. Its core product lines include graphic tees featuring band collaborations and music icons, such as David Bowie's for holiday 2025 releases, alongside loungewear like sweatpants and hoodies designed for everyday comfort. Dresses and bottoms round out the offerings, often incorporating soft fabrics and slouchy silhouettes that align with ongoing trends in laid-back . The company's sales model relies on a mix of e-commerce via chaserbrand.com, wholesale partnerships, and select physical , including a 2017 expansion to a store in . Customer incentives include free shipping on U.S. orders over $75, free returns within 60 days, and a Chaser Rewards loyalty program where members earn points for purchases, referrals, and sign-ups, redeemable for discounts up to $40 on 100 points. VIP tiers offer perks like expedited shipping on orders over $150, fostering repeat business in a competitive casual apparel market. Chaser's cultural impact stems from its fusion of nostalgic graphics with modern loungewear, contributing to the resurgence of music-inspired and hybrids since the late 2010s. By 2025, the brand continues to update collections seasonally, with Fall 2025 lines emphasizing bold prints and versatile layering pieces amid sustained demand for comfortable, expressive casual attire. This positioning has built a loyal following, evidenced by high customer ratings averaging 4.9 stars from over 1,300 reviews on its site.

Other consumer goods

Chaser Turf Herbicide, manufactured by Loveland Products, Inc., is an ester-formulated selective herbicide designed for controlling annual and perennial broadleaf weeds in residential, commercial, recreational turf, golf courses, parks, ornamental lawns, and sod farms. It provides effective control of species such as dandelions, chickweeds, plantains, and oxalis, particularly in cool weather conditions, with application rates of 3.0 pints per acre (0.75 pounds acid equivalent) or 1.1 ounces per 1,000 square feet for most weeds. User forums report successful results without additives, though sensitivity to nearby plants requires caution during early and late season applications. EZ Chaser is a novelty drinking accessory consisting of a shot straw device, velvet carrying bag, cleaning brush, and funnel, enabling seamless transition from a 1-ounce liquor shot to a chaser liquid drawn through the straw, marketed for beach, pool, parties, pre-games, and portable use with standard bottles or glasses. The leak-proof design fits various containers and has received positive consumer feedback for convenience and portability, with eBay sellers noting high recommendation rates based on accurate descriptions and shipping. Pro Chaser markets battery-powered consumer tools, including a 380 CFM blower with adjustable speed and lightweight construction for handheld use, as well as 400W 12V to AC 110V power inverters with dual USB ports for vehicle-based charging of laptops and air pumps. These products target home, garden, and automotive applications, available through platforms like with standard 30-day returns.

Fictional and Gaming References

Video games and characters

Chaser is a 2003 first-person shooter developed by the Slovak studio and published by Productions for Windows, with digital re-releases on and in 2011. The title character, John , is an amnesiac protagonist who awakens aboard the HMS Majestic amid a conflict, pursued by unknown forces as he pieces together his identity and uncovers a spanning orbital facilities, Mars, and Earth-based Montack . emphasizes tactical with a variety of firearms, advanced enemy exhibiting flanking and cover usage, and episodic levels blending shooting mechanics with light puzzle-solving, though critics noted repetitive level design and technical issues upon launch. In Deepwoken, a action RPG released on in 2021 by developer Vows by the Sea, —titled Scholar of the Crimson Contract—appears as a humanoid boss in the second layer's Floor 1, specifically within The Maw of Ethiron dungeon. This encounter features multi-phase combat where players must evade projectile attacks resembling kidney stones, melee strikes, and manage damage, often requiring builds focused on or attunement for viability. Community strategies highlight dodging waves and timing counters, with speedrun records demonstrating sub-minute clears via exploits like union glitching. As a key tied to the game's lore of contracts and threats, Chaser demands precise mantras and equipment scaling to player power levels around 40-50.

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