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Corner kick

A corner kick is a method of restarting play in association football when the whole of the ball passes over the goal line, either on the ground or in the air, having last been touched by a player of the defending team, and a goal is not scored.^[1] Awarded to the attacking team, it provides a strategic opportunity near the opponent's goal, typically resulting in approximately 10 such kicks per match in elite competitions.^[2] Goals can be scored directly from a corner kick against the defending team, though only about 2-3% of corners lead to immediate goals, underscoring their role as high-value set pieces that often influence match outcomes through aerial duels and tactical setups.^[3] The procedure for a corner kick requires the ball to be placed stationary within the corner area—nearest to the point where it crossed the goal line or the goalkeeper's position if applicable—and kicked by a player from the attacking team.^[1] Opponents must remain at least 9.15 meters (10 yards) from the corner arc until the ball is in play, which occurs when it is kicked and clearly moves; the ball no longer needs to leave the corner area to be considered in play.^[1] The corner flag must not be moved or obstructed, and infringements such as the kicker touching the ball twice before another player results in an indirect free kick to the opponents.^[1] Originating in the Sheffield Rules of 1868 before being formally adopted by the Football Association in 1872, the corner kick evolved from earlier "kick from the corner" provisions to standardize restarts and prevent defensive advantages when the ball exited play near the goals.^[4] Over time, it has become a cornerstone of modern tactics, with deliveries often curved using inswinging or outswinging techniques to exploit zones in the penalty area, leading to headers or volleys; defensive strategies emphasize zonal or man-marking to counter these threats.^[2] As of the 2025/26 season, a new rule awards a corner kick to the opposing team if the goalkeeper holds the ball for more than eight seconds, further emphasizing time management in set-piece scenarios.^[5]

Awarding a Corner Kick

Circumstances for Award

A corner kick is awarded in association football when the whole of the ball passes over the goal line, either on the ground or in the air, having last been touched by a player of the defending team, provided that no goal is scored.^[1] This typically occurs during attacking plays where the ball is crossed into the penalty area and is then deflected, headed, or saved by a defender (including the goalkeeper) such that it crosses the goal line without entering the net.^[1] The restart is granted to the attacking team from the corner arc nearest to where the ball crossed the line, distinguishing it from a goal kick, which is awarded if the ball last touches an attacking player. An additional circumstance arises from specific goalkeeper infringements under Law 12. If a goalkeeper, within their penalty area, controls the ball with their hands or arms for more than eight seconds before releasing it—where control includes holding it between the hands/arms, against the ground or body, in an outstretched open hand, or while bouncing or throwing it upward—a corner kick is awarded to the opposing team.^[6] The referee signals the final five seconds of this period by raising an arm and visually counting down, and opponents may not challenge the goalkeeper during this time.^[6] The corner kick serves as a set-piece restart exclusively in association football, governed by the International Football Association Board (IFAB), though similar mechanisms for restarting play after the ball crosses a goal line exist in other football codes without identical procedures.

Distinction from Other Restarts

A corner kick is distinctly awarded when the entire ball crosses the goal line, either on the ground or in the air, having last been touched by a player from the defending team, without a goal being scored.^[7] In contrast, a goal kick is granted under the opposite circumstance: when the ball fully crosses the goal line after last contact by an attacking team player, also without a goal.^[8] This fundamental difference in last-touch attribution determines possession restart, with the goal kick serving primarily to relieve defensive pressure by allowing the defending team to distribute the ball from within their goal area, often aiming to clear it upfield.^[8] The corner kick, however, positions the attacking team advantageously near the opponent's goal, taken from the corner arc, which facilitates potential scoring opportunities due to the proximity to the goalposts.^[7] Unlike a throw-in, which is awarded whenever the whole ball passes over the touchline (sideline) regardless of which team last touched it—with possession going to the opponents of that team—a corner kick specifically addresses events along the goal line.^[9] Throw-ins occur along the length of the field and are executed by throwing the ball with both hands from behind the touchline, promoting a neutral restart without the territorial bias inherent in goal-line scenarios.^[9] The corner kick's location at the field's corner quadrant underscores its role as a punitive set piece for defensive lapses near the goal, enhancing the attacking team's offensive positioning compared to the more peripheral nature of throw-ins.^[7] Free kicks, whether direct or indirect, differ markedly as they are penalty-based restarts for fouls, technical infringements, or misconduct committed during play, rather than resulting from the ball simply going out of bounds.^[10] Direct free kicks allow a goal to be scored directly into the opponents' net, while indirect ones require the ball to touch another player first; both are taken from the location of the offence (or adjusted spots like the goal area if necessary).^[10] Unlike these, the corner kick is a possession-based out-of-play restart triggered solely by the ball crossing the goal line after defensive contact, without any foul involved, and it mandates execution from the designated corner arc to capitalize on the error's proximity to the goal.^[7] This setup provides a unique attacking edge, as opponents must remain at least 9.15 meters away, similar to free kicks but tailored to the corner's geometry for heightened scoring potential.^[7]

Execution of the Corner Kick

Basic Procedure

A corner kick is taken by placing the ball stationary within the corner area, which is the quarter-circle arc marked with a radius of 1 meter (1 yard) from each corner flagpost, nearest to the point where the ball crossed the goal line.^[1] The ball may be positioned such that any part of it is inside the arc or overhanging the arc line, but it must not be placed outside this designated area.^[1] The kick is performed by any player from the attacking team, as the corner is awarded against the defending team for last touching the ball out of play.^[1] The kicker must ensure the ball is kicked and clearly moves to bring it into play; under current IFAB Laws of the Game (effective since the 2019/20 season), there is no requirement for the ball to travel a specific distance or leave the corner area, nor does it need to be touched by another player before a goal can be scored directly from the kick.^[1] This allows for various delivery types, such as inswinging or outswinging corners, where the ball is curved toward or away from the goal.^[1] Opponents must remain at least 9.15 meters (10 yards) from the corner arc until the ball is in play, promoting a fair restart while player positioning details, such as offside exemptions in the penalty area, are governed separately.^[1] The corner flagpost must not be moved or interfered with during the procedure to maintain the integrity of the restart.^[1]

Player Positioning and Restrictions

During a corner kick, the ball is placed within the designated corner area, which is marked by a quarter-circle arc with a radius of 1 meter (1 yard) drawn inside the field of play from each corner flagpost. The corner flagpost itself must be at least 1.5 meters (5 feet) high, topped with a non-pointed flag, and placed at each corner; it cannot be moved or interfered with during the execution of the kick to maintain consistency and safety.^[11] Attacking players, excluding the kicker, are permitted to position themselves anywhere on the field of play without restriction, allowing for strategic clustering in the penalty area to maximize scoring opportunities from the delivery. A key distinction is that the offside rule does not apply to players receiving the ball directly from a corner kick, enabling attackers to remain in advanced positions near the goal without risk of being flagged offside.^[12] The kicker must ensure the ball is stationary within the corner arc, and no attacking player may encroach into this small area to avoid obstructing the placement or kick. Defending players, including the goalkeeper, must adhere to a minimum distance requirement of 9.15 meters (10 yards) from the corner arc until the ball is in play, which occurs when it has been kicked and clearly moves. This rule applies uniformly to all opponents and is measured from the arc rather than the ball itself, promoting fair execution by preventing encroachment that could block the kicker. Unlike goal kicks, there is no mandate for defenders to stay outside the penalty area, permitting them to mark attackers closely within it to contest headers or clearances effectively.^[1] The goalkeeper follows the same 9.15-meter distance restriction as other defenders but benefits from the ability to use hands within their penalty area once the ball is in play. However, they cannot handle the ball if it results from a deliberate back-pass by a teammate's foot or if received directly from a teammate's throw-in; a direct reception from the corner kick itself is permissible, as it does not constitute a back-pass under the laws. Additionally, under the updated 2025/26 regulations, if the goalkeeper controls the ball with their hands or arms for more than eight seconds inside the penalty area, a corner kick is awarded to the opposing team to discourage time-wasting.^[5]

Infringements and Penalties

Common Violations

During the execution of a corner kick, several common violations can occur, primarily related to player positioning, ball handling, and timing, as governed by Law 17 of the IFAB Laws of the Game. These infringements typically result in the restart being nullified or adjusted to maintain fairness, with referees enforcing strict adherence to prevent advantages to either team.^[1] One frequent violation is the kicker touching the ball a second time before it has been touched by another player, known as a double touch. According to Law 17.2, if this occurs after the ball is in play, an indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team from the location of the infringement. This rule ensures that the corner kick serves as a proper restart without the kicking team gaining an unfair second opportunity on the ball. In practice, this violation often arises from miscommunication during short corner routines, where the initial kicker inadvertently redirects a poorly received pass.^[1] Defenders encroaching within the required 9.15 meters (10 yards) of the corner arc before the ball is in play represents another prevalent issue. Law 17.1 mandates that all opponents remain outside this distance until the ball is kicked and clearly moves, and any breach leads to a retake of the corner kick. This enforcement promotes space for the attacking team and is commonly observed in high-pressure matches. Referees signal this violation by blowing the whistle immediately after the kick if encroachment is evident, ensuring the corner is repeated without disciplinary action unless persistent.^[1] The corner flagpost must not be moved to take the kick. If a player moves it, the flag must be replaced to its original position before the kick; if the kick is taken with the flag displaced, the corner is retaken.^[1] The ball must be stationary within the corner arc when kicked, so moving it prematurely—such as rolling or adjusting it without a proper kick—invalidates the restart. Per Law 17.1, the ball is only in play once it has been kicked and moves, and any premature movement requires a retake to uphold the procedure's integrity. This violation is less common but can happen in windy conditions or during hasty setups, leading to quick referee interventions to reposition the ball.^[1] Excessive delaying of the corner kick, such as taking more than a reasonable time to prepare, falls under Law 12's provisions against delaying the restart of play. While no fixed time limit is specified for corner kicks in Law 17, referees may caution the offending player with a yellow card if the delay is deemed deliberate, as it disrupts the game's flow. This is particularly relevant for goalkeepers or players holding up play, though a new 2025/26 amendment introduces an 8-second limit specifically for goalkeepers holding the ball, resulting in a corner to the opposition if exceeded. Such delays are cited in match reports from leagues like the English Premier League, where time-wasting tactics during set pieces prompt warnings.^[6]^[6]^[13]

Consequences of Infringements

When opponents encroach by moving closer than 9.15 meters (10 yards) to the corner arc before the ball is in play, the corner kick is typically retaken if the infringement affects the execution, ensuring fair play without awarding an advantage to the attacking team.^[14] This rule aligns with procedures for other direct free kicks, promoting distance to allow proper delivery.^[14] If the player taking the corner kick touches the ball a second time before it has been played by another player, an indirect free kick is awarded to the defending team from the place of the infringement.^[1] Similarly, an illegal kick by the taker, such as a deliberate handball, results in a direct free kick to the opponents; if this occurs inside the attacking team's penalty area, a penalty kick is awarded unless the offender is the goalkeeper, in which case it becomes an indirect free kick.^[1] Unsporting behavior during a corner kick, such as delaying the restart or feigning injury, incurs a caution (yellow card) for the offending player, followed by a retake of the corner kick or an indirect free kick to the opponents depending on the violation's nature.^[6] The International Football Association Board (IFAB) emphasizes disciplinary action to deter such conduct, with potential escalation to a red card for persistent or serious offenses.^[6] Goalkeeper handling violations, such as picking up a deliberate backpass from a teammate during the corner kick sequence, result in an indirect free kick to the attacking team from the point of the infringement within the penalty area.^[6] This sanction upholds the prohibition on hand use to prevent time-wasting or unfair advantages.^[6] Although rare for set pieces like corner kicks due to their static nature, IFAB guidelines permit referees to allow advantage if a minor infringement does not significantly impact play, continuing the game rather than enforcing a restart.^[6]

Tactics and Strategies

Attacking Approaches

Attacking teams utilize a variety of delivery types to optimize corner kick outcomes, tailoring them to the defensive setup and player strengths. Inswinging deliveries curve towards the goal, allowing the ball to drop into the crowded penalty area for direct attacks on the goalkeeper or headers from close range. These are particularly effective against zonal marking, as the ball's trajectory can beat early defensive movements. Outswinging deliveries, by contrast, bend away from the goal towards the edge of the six-yard box or the byline, setting up cut-backs for volleys or crosses back into the danger zone. This type often creates more overall chances but requires precise timing to avoid easy clearances. Short corners, where the ball is passed to a nearby teammate instead of crossing, help retain possession and draw defenders out of position, potentially leading to overloads on the flanks.^[15]^[16]^[17] Set-piece routines further enhance these deliveries by coordinating player movements to exploit specific zones. Near-post flick-ons involve an attacker positioned close to the goal's front post redirecting the incoming ball across the face of goal for a tap-in or volley from a teammate arriving at the far side. Far-post headers target the back of the penalty area, where taller players leap to connect with the ball, often aiming for a downward finish to beat the goalkeeper. Crowded box overloads pack multiple attackers into the six-yard area to create congestion, using screens and blocks to disrupt marking and force rebounds or loose balls for quick finishes. These routines emphasize timing, with runs triggered by the kicker's first step to maximize surprise.^[18]^[19]^[20] Player roles are crucial for executing these strategies effectively. The designated taker, typically a specialist with exceptional crossing accuracy—such as David Beckham, renowned for his bending deliveries that created numerous scoring opportunities during his career—focuses on precision and variation to keep defenders guessing. Blockers, meanwhile, position themselves to screen or impede opponents, often facing away from goal to obstruct runs and create mismatches in the box. In the "train" tactic, for instance, attackers form a line near the penalty spot, with blockers at the front to shield incoming runners targeting the delivery path.^[21]^[20]^[22] Statistically, corner kicks contribute modestly but significantly to overall scoring in top leagues, with a conversion rate of approximately 2-3% per attempt leading to a goal in professional matches. This rises notably for set-piece-oriented teams; in the 2025-26 Premier League season (as of October 2025), corners have accounted for a record 19% of all goals league-wide, driven by clubs like Arsenal that have refined these approaches to score 37 times from corners since the start of the 2023–24 season (as of October 2025). Such effectiveness underscores the value of rehearsed routines in modern tactics.^[16]^[23]

Defending Methods

Defending teams employ various organizational strategies to counter the threats posed by corner kicks, primarily focusing on preventing aerial challenges, blocking shots, and ensuring quick clearances to regain possession outside the penalty area. The core objective is to minimize scoring opportunities, with successful defenses typically resulting in the ball being headed or cleared away from dangerous zones near the goal. According to tactical analyses, effective defending relies on disciplined positioning and communication to handle the congestion in the penalty box. Additionally, under the 2025/26 rules, goalkeepers risk conceding a corner to the opponents if they hold the ball longer than eight seconds, influencing clearance timing and possession retention strategies.^[24]^[5] Marking systems form the foundation of corner kick defense, with teams choosing between man-marking, zonal marking, or hybrid approaches based on personnel strengths and opponent tendencies. In man-marking, each defender is assigned to a specific attacker, aiming to neutralize individual threats through close personal attention, particularly on key headers or finishers; this method excels in tracking dynamic movements but can leave gaps if attackers switch positions.^[25] Zonal marking, conversely, assigns players to cover designated areas of the penalty box, such as the six-yard line or far post, allowing for better spatial control and overloads against grouped attackers, though it risks exploitation by unmarked runs into zones.^[26] Hybrid marking combines elements of both, typically using zonal coverage for central and near-post areas while man-marking elite threats like tall forwards, providing flexibility and reducing vulnerabilities in high-density scenarios.^[27] Personnel selection emphasizes physical attributes suited to aerial duels, with tall center-backs positioned to contest headers and the goalkeeper playing a pivotal role in issuing commands for positioning and claiming crosses. The goalkeeper often directs traffic, ensuring defenders maintain depth and avoid bunching, while plans for half-clearances—incomplete headers that keep the ball in midfield rather than risking rebounds—allow for immediate counter-pressing.^[28] Clearance strategies prioritize directing the ball to the flanks or wide areas to facilitate transitions, using headed clearances to propel it beyond the penalty box and avoiding short rebounds that could lead to second-phase attacks in crowded spaces. Modern trends have shifted toward hybrid systems, informed by data analytics that evaluate opponent delivery patterns and defensive efficiency. Professional leagues like the Premier League see teams using video analysis and tracking data to optimize marking assignments, resulting in corner goals occurring in only about 3.4% of cases over recent seasons, indicating high overall clearance success.^[30] This data-driven approach, including machine learning for tactical simulations, has elevated concession rates to below 4% in elite competitions, underscoring the effectiveness of integrated marking and clearance protocols.^[31]

Special Cases

Direct Goals from Corners

A direct goal from a corner kick, commonly known as an "Olimpico goal," occurs when the ball is delivered from the corner arc and curls directly into the net without any touch from another player or deflection off the goalposts or crossbar. This feat exploits the goalkeeper's typical positioning near the goal line, allowing the ball to arc over them into the upper corner of the net. The term "Olimpico" originates from the first recorded instance in 1924, when Argentine player Cesareo Onzari scored directly from a corner against Uruguay, the reigning Olympic champions, and has since become the standard nomenclature for such goals in association football.^[32] The physics behind an Olimpico goal relies on the Magnus effect, where spin imparted on the ball by the kicker creates a curved trajectory due to differences in air pressure around the spinning surface. A right-footed kicker, for example, striking the ball with clockwise spin from the left corner can cause it to bend inward toward the goal, often starting wide and dipping over the goalkeeper. This requires precise control of power, angle, and spin to navigate the 5.5-meter (18-foot) goal width and the goalkeeper's reach, typically succeeding only under ideal wind and pitch conditions. Such goals have been legal since a 1924 revision to the Laws of the Game by the International Football Association Board (IFAB), which removed the requirement for the ball to be played by another player before entering the net on a corner kick. Prior to this change, corners were treated more like indirect free kicks, necessitating a second touch to score directly. The IFAB has maintained this rule, confirming that a direct entry from a corner is valid as long as the kick is taken from within the designated arc and the ball is stationary.^[33] Olimpico goals remain exceedingly rare in professional football. Their scarcity stems from the technical difficulty and the defensive adjustments that have evolved, such as goalkeepers standing deeper or using walls to block potential curves. Notable examples exist but are cataloged separately in historical records.

Corners as Substitutes for Own Goals

In association football, certain scenarios during defensive restarts result in a corner kick being awarded to the attacking team rather than an own goal, to discourage punishing errors in non-attacking set pieces. This rule primarily applies to goal kicks and free kicks, where the ball is played directly into the defending team's own goal without touching another player. The purpose is to maintain fairness, as these restarts are intended for relieving pressure rather than initiating attacks, preventing unintended goals from routine clearances or passes.^[34] Under Law 16 of the IFAB Laws of the Game, if a goal kick is taken and the ball enters the kicker's own goal directly, no goal is awarded; instead, a corner kick is given to the opponents. This clarification ensures that mishandled goal kicks—such as a poorly struck clearance by the goalkeeper or defender—do not result in an own goal, preserving the defensive nature of the restart. Similarly, Law 13 stipulates that for both direct and indirect free kicks, if the ball is kicked directly into the team's own goal, a corner kick is awarded to the opposing team, avoiding the concession from an errant defensive free kick.^[34]^[14] A related scenario occurs when a defender's clearance attempt during a goal kick or free kick deflects the ball out over the own goal line (without entering the net), resulting in a standard corner kick to the attackers under Law 17, as the ball last touched a defender. While this does not directly substitute an own goal, it aligns with the principle of not penalizing defensive errors excessively during restarts, as the outcome avoids a potential scoring opportunity for the opponents had the ball crossed into the goal. Such defensive deflections leading to corners are rare in matches, typically arising from miscommunications or awkward bounces in fewer than 1% of defensive set-piece situations analyzed in professional leagues.^[1]

Historical Development

Early Origins

The roots of the corner kick trace back to the unstructured handling of out-of-play situations in 19th-century English folk football, often referred to as mob football. These chaotic games, played on festival days like Shrovetide, involved large crowds advancing a ball toward distant goals—typically natural landmarks such as trees or church doors several miles apart—using any part of the body, with minimal rules governing play. Boundaries were ill-defined, and when the ball crossed what passed for a goal line or went out of bounds, it was typically restarted informally by the nearest players without standardized procedures, reflecting the games' emphasis on communal participation over regulation.^[35] In the Sheffield Rules, codified by Sheffield FC in 1858 and refined through the 1860s, early mechanisms emerged for restarting play when the ball crossed the goal line, laying groundwork for the corner kick. By 1862, the rules introduced the "rouge," a minor scoring opportunity (similar to a try in other games) awarded when an attacking player first touched the ball after it had been driven between two rouge flags positioned behind the goal line; if a defender touched it first, the defending team received a goal kick from in front of the goal. This system, borrowed from Eton field game traditions, provided an incentive for aggressive play while penalizing defensive errors in sending the ball over their own line, but it was not a restart from the corner area. The rouge mechanism was replaced in 1868 by corner kicks or goal kicks, depending on which team last touched the ball.^[36] The FA's Laws of the Game of 1863 further refined these concepts by distinguishing restarts based on which team touched the ball after it went behind the goal line without scoring a goal. Under these rules, if a player on the defending side first touched the ball, one of their side was entitled to a free kick from the goal; if touched by an opponent (attacking side), the kick was to be taken from the corner flag. This differentiation promoted fairness in boundary infringements.^[37] These regional innovations remained informal and varied until the formation of The Football Association in 1863, which marked the split from rugby and set the stage for standardized association football rules without immediate formal codification of the modern corner kick.^[38]

Introduction and Standardization

The corner kick was formally introduced into the Laws of the Game by the Football Association (FA) in 1872, marking a significant standardization in association football to address the issue of balls crossing the goal line last touched by a defender. Under the 1863 FA Laws, when the ball went behind the goal line without a goal, if a defender touched it first, their team took a free kick from the goal; if an attacker touched it first, a kick was taken from the corner flag. The 1872 revision, influenced by proposals from the Sheffield Football Association, simplified this by awarding a "kick from the corner flag" to the attacking team whenever the ball crossed the goal line last touched by a defender, taken from the corner of the field nearest to where the ball exited play, promoting fairer restarts and reducing disputes.^[4] Positioning for the corner kick in its initial form required the ball to be placed within six yards of the corner flagpost, with no defined arc or quarter-circle boundary on the pitch at that time; opponents had to remain at least ten yards away until the ball was in play.^[39] This setup emphasized a direct restart from the field's edge, aligning with the era's rudimentary markings, and the kick was explicitly indirect, prohibiting a direct goal from the initial touch to prevent exploitation. Refinements between 1871 and 1872, during discussions leading to the FA's adoption, clarified the indirect nature of the kick and specified that it could not score directly, ensuring the ball required a second touch by another player to count as a goal—a rule that persisted until 1924.^[39] These changes were proposed amid growing alignment between London-based FA rules and regional variations like Sheffield's, which had trialed corner kicks since 1868.^[4] The corner kick's adoption extended rapidly to competitive play, first appearing in FA Cup matches during the 1872-73 season, where it became a standard restart and influenced international standardization as association football spread beyond England. By the mid-1870s, it was integral to organized matches, contributing to the game's tactical evolution without the punitive own-goal outcomes of earlier rules.

Key Rule Evolutions

The corner kick was first introduced in the Laws of the Game in 1872 as a method to restart play when the ball crossed the goal line last touched by the defending team, replacing earlier systems where restarts depended on who touched the ball after it crossed the line. By 1882, the International Football Conference agreed to suspend the offside rule for corner kicks, allowing attacking players to be in any position without penalty when receiving the ball from the kick.^[40] The 10-yard rule for opponents was extended to corner kicks in 1913, requiring all defending players to remain at least 9.15 meters (10 yards) from the corner arc until the ball is in play, a measure initially applied to free kicks to promote fair restarts. During the early 20th century, field markings for corner kicks were standardized in 1938 with the addition of the quarter-circle arc (radius of 1 meter) in each corner of the field, defining the exact position for the ball and aiding in the enforcement of the 10-yard distance.^[41] The prohibition on the kicker touching the ball a second time before it contacts another player—a rule preventing double touches—has been a core component since the kick's early standardization in the 1870s and remains unchanged in principle today.^[42] In 1924, the International Football Association Board (IFAB) amended the laws to permit a goal to be scored directly from a corner kick against the opposing team, and the term "corner kick" was formally in use.^[39] In 1997, the International Football Association Board (IFAB) amended the laws to define the ball as in play when it is kicked and clearly moves during corner kicks, rather than requiring a specific touch or distance traveled, which facilitated more fluid short-corner routines and inswinging deliveries.^[43] That same year, IFAB clarified that a goal could be scored directly from a corner kick only against the opposing team; if the ball entered the kicker's own goal directly, a corner kick would be awarded to the opponents instead of counting as an own goal, eliminating rare but controversial scoring outcomes.^[44] The introduction of Video Assistant Referee (VAR) technology in 2016 marked a significant evolution, with IFAB approving its use for reviewing potential encroachment by opponents during corner kicks if it impacts play leading to a goal; this protocol was fully integrated into major competitions by 2018, enhancing accuracy in high-stakes set pieces.^[45] Between 2016 and 2023, hybrid corner strategies emerged alongside VAR scrutiny, but no substantive procedural changes to the core rule occurred, despite IFAB trials in 2020 exploring time-wasting penalties like awarding corners for prolonged goalkeeper possession, which were later refined without altering the kick itself.^[13] In 2025, IFAB amended Law 12 to award a corner kick to the opposing team if the goalkeeper controls the ball with their hand(s)/arm(s) for more than eight seconds inside the penalty area, effective for the 2025/26 season.^[5] Historically, corner kicks have rarely served as tiebreakers in competitive formats, though some early cup competitions and charity matches in the mid-20th century used corner counts to resolve drawn knockout ties before the widespread adoption of penalty shootouts in 1970, a practice never formally endorsed by IFAB.^[46]

References

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Defending corners: Zonal or player-to-player? - FIFA Training Centre
Oct 24, 2023 · Zonal setup uses 4+ players in zones, focusing on ball trajectory. Player-to-player uses 3 or less, focusing on individual opposition players.
[26]
Set-Piece Analysis: A guide to zonal marking from corners
Feb 16, 2021 · Zonal marking is seen as the more modern, complex approach to defending corners, and because of its increased complexity, it requires more coaching.
[27]
3 Strategies For Defending Corner Kicks With Real Examples
Jul 12, 2023 · The two main methods of defending corners have included zonal defending and man marking, with each type having its own securities and downfalls.
[28]
Corner kicks: 3 ways of defending them? - MBP School of coaches
The first is that there are two main functions: zonal defending and man-marking. ... The key is to identify the system that best suits your team's characteristics ...
[29]
Why outswinging corners lead to more chances but inswingers lead ...
Oct 27, 2021 · Outswinging corners can make it easier for a goalkeeper to come and collect the ball compared to inswingers but it can also be used to the ...
[30]
Automating tactical analysis of corner kicks in football using machine ...
Oct 1, 2024 · In this paper, Jacob Schillemans highlights in a clear use case how machine learning models can complement, or at times, fully replace work ...
[31]
Law 16 - The Goal Kick - IFAB
A goal kick is awarded when the whole of the ball passes over the goal line, on the ground or in the air, having last touched a player of the attacking team ...Missing: defender deflects own
[32]
The history of football in England - English Heritage
During the 19th century, mob games were increasingly banned from town centres by nervous local magistrates, and from public highways by a series of Police Acts, ...
[33]
The development of the Sheffield Rules - Nachspielzeiten
In the rules adopted on 13 October 1868, the rouges were replaced by (now again) corner kicks or goal kicks, depending on which team kicked the ball out of ...
[34]
The Laws of the Game, 1863 | National Football Museum
If a player of the opposite side first touches the ball, one of his side shall be entitled to a free kick (but at the goal only) from a point 15 yards from the ...Missing: corner | Show results with:corner
[35]
FA at 150: The Birth of the Modern Game - The Football History Boys
Feb 19, 2013 · When the ball is behind it shall be brought forward at the place where it left the ground, not more than ten paces, and kicked off. Goal is when ...
[36]
A brief history of The Corner - Sheffield Home of Football
The corner-kick was officially introduced into Sheffield association football the following year in 1868. Sheffield Norfolk FC proposed the law change which ...
[37]
Laws of The Game Evolution - World Football Historic Center
1992 : On any occasion when a player deliberately kicks the ball to his own goalkeeper, the goalkeeper is not permitted to touch it with his hands. If, however, ...
[38]
football (Soccer) tactics and skills > Corner kick Football Discovery ...
In 1872, the Sheffield Association successfully introduced the corner-kick into the Football Association's code. The new FA rule was identical to the Sheffield ...Missing: origin | Show results with:origin
[39]
Law 1: The Field of Play - Nachspielzeiten
Field markings. Including goal area, penalty area, penalty mark/line, flag posts, corner arc, halfway line. The markings vary between 1891 and 1902 ...
[40]
[PDF] Laws of the Game - IFAB
LAW XVII. Corner-kick shall the kicker play the ball a second time until it ... If the ball is in play he shall be sanctioned with a direct free kick in ...
[41]
Law 9: The ball in and out of play - Nachspielzeiten
The addition of throw-in, goal kick and corner kick made this obsolete. ... 1997 (IFAB), The ball is out of play when it has completely crossed the line or ...
[42]
[PDF] Laws of the Game - IFAB
A goal may be scored directly from a corner kick, but only against the opposing team. A corner kick is awarded when : " the whole ofthe ball, having last ...
[43]
Video Assistant Referee (VAR) protocol | IFAB
A video assistant referee (VAR) is a match official, with independent access to match footage, who may assist the referee only in the event of a 'clear and ...Missing: 2016 | Show results with:2016
[44]
Former final ref says corners would make good tiebreaker - Reuters
Jun 30, 2018 · Former World Cup final referee Arnaldo Cezar Coelho disapproves of fair play as a tiebreaker at the tournament and thinks a corner count ...