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Emily Post

Emily Post (October 27, 1872 – September 25, 1960) was an American author whose 1922 book Etiquette in Society, in Business, in Politics, and at Home established enduring standards for polite conduct and social decorum in the United States.^[1]^[2] Born Emily Price in Baltimore, Maryland, to prominent architect Bruce Price and Josephine Lee, she received an education from governesses and private schools before marrying banker Edwin Main Post in 1892.^[3]^[2] The couple had two sons, Edwin Jr. and Bruce, but divorced in the early 1900s amid Edwin's infidelity, after which Post turned to writing fiction and travel pieces to support herself.^[3]^[2] Etiquette's immediate success as a nonfiction bestseller propelled her to national prominence, spawning a syndicated newspaper column reaching over 200 papers, radio programs, and the 1946 founding of The Emily Post Institute to perpetuate her principles of respect, consideration, and honesty in interpersonal relations.^[1]^[4]

Early Life

Birth and Family Background

Emily Post was born Emily Bruce Price on October 27, 1872, in Baltimore, Maryland, as the only child of an affluent and socially prominent family, though some accounts cite a birth year of 1873 and varying dates in early October.^[3]^[2] Her father, Bruce Price (1845–1918), was a renowned architect who designed landmark structures including Quebec City's Château Frontenac hotel, the Bank of Montreal head office, and residential developments such as Tuxedo Park, New York, a gated resort community for the elite that he helped establish in the 1880s.^[5]^[3] Price's firm specialized in Beaux-Arts and Shingle Style architecture, catering to Gilded Age industrialists and contributing to the family's wealth through commissions from figures like tobacco magnate Pierre Lorillard.^[3] Her mother, Josephine Lee Price (1848–1922), originated from Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, and came from a family with ties to lumber and manufacturing interests; she actively collaborated with Bruce Price in managing their architectural and real estate ventures, including the oversight of Tuxedo Park's development.^[5]^[3] The Prices relocated from Baltimore to New York City around 1877–1878, immersing Emily in the upper echelons of society amid the opulence of the post-Civil War era, with the family maintaining a townhouse on East 57th Street and seasonal retreats to their Tuxedo Park estate.^[4] This privileged environment, marked by frequent entertaining of luminaries from business, arts, and politics, exposed her early to the intricacies of high-society customs and expectations.^[5] Emily Post, born Emily Bruce Price in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1872 to affluent parents—architect Bruce Price and heiress Josephine Lee—received her initial education at home through governesses, a common practice among upper-class families of the era that emphasized personalized instruction in languages, arts, and deportment.^[6]^[7] This homeschooling aligned with the limited formal schooling options for girls of her status, prioritizing cultural refinement over academic rigor.^[8] After her family relocated to New York City, Post attended Miss Graham's Finishing School (also known as The Misses Graham's Seminary for Young Ladies) on East 12th Street, graduating with training tailored to instill social poise, etiquette, and conversational skills essential for high-society debutantes.^[6]^[9]^[10] The institution served as a capstone to her private tutoring, preparing her for participation in New York's Gilded Age elite without pursuing higher education, which remained rare for women of her background until later decades.^[5] Her social upbringing reflected the privileges of transatlantic wealth and prominence, with frequent exposure to architectural sites via her father's projects and seasonal migrations to enclaves like Tuxedo Park, New York, and Bar Harbor, Maine, where she observed and internalized the rituals of the American aristocracy amid servants, chaperones, and international influences.^[9]^[5] These experiences, unmarred by formal classroom discipline, cultivated her innate grasp of decorum, later channeled into etiquette authorship, though they also insulated her from broader socioeconomic realities.^[11]

Personal Life

Marriage and Family

Emily Post married Edwin Main Post, a New York banker and investor, on June 1, 1892, in Tuxedo Park, New York.^[12] The couple, who had met at a debutante ball, shared interests in outdoor activities such as sailing and horse racing early in their relationship.^[9] They resided initially in New York City before moving to a rented house in Tuxedo Park.^[12] Post and her husband had two sons: Edwin Post Jr. (known as Ned), born in 1893, and Bruce Price Post, named after her father.^[3] Edwin Jr. later became involved in business and family enterprises connected to his mother's legacy, while Bruce pursued independent paths.^[3] Post maintained close ties with her sons throughout her life, raising them amid social and financial challenges following the family's relocation and her husband's business setbacks.^[2] The marriage ended in divorce in 1905, primarily due to Edwin Post's serial infidelities and involvement in financial scandals, including a publicized sting operation exposing his misconduct.^[2]^[13] Post received no alimony in the settlement, reflecting her determination for self-reliance, and she remained unmarried thereafter.^[2] The divorce drew significant public attention, compounding personal humiliation amid elite social circles.^[13]

Divorce and Financial Independence

Emily Post's marriage to Edwin Wall Post, which began in 1892, deteriorated due to his repeated infidelities with chorus girls and other women, culminating in a public scandal exposed through a detective sting operation in 1904.^[13] ^[14] The details of Edwin's affairs were splashed across New York newspapers for months, causing significant humiliation for Post, who had two young sons, Edwin Jr. (born 1893) and Lionel (born 1896).^[15] Despite her family's wealth—her father, architect Bruce Price, had died in 1903—the divorce proceedings in 1905 left her without financial support from Edwin, as she explicitly requested no alimony or settlement from him, a decision unusual for a woman of her social class at the time.^[14] ^[10] Post's choice to forgo alimony reflected her determination to sever ties completely with Edwin, whom she never mentioned by name again after the divorce and for whose potential return she symbolically set an extra place at her dinner table for the rest of her life.^[16] With custody of her sons and no ongoing income from her ex-husband, who faced his own financial difficulties, Post turned to her nascent writing career to achieve financial independence.^[6] Prior to the divorce, she had published her first novel, The Flight of the Moth, in 1904, drawing on her experiences in high society, but the scandal's publicity and her need for steady income prompted her to produce short stories, articles, and additional novels at a rapid pace.^[17] These works, often serialized in magazines, provided the primary means of supporting her household, marking her transition from socialite to professional author.^[13] By eschewing dependency on family or former marital assets, Post's post-divorce efforts established her self-reliance, as her literary output—despite initial mixed critical reception—generated sufficient revenue to maintain her and her sons' living standards without reliance on external aid.^[18] This phase of financial bootstrapping through journalism and fiction laid the groundwork for her later etiquette authority, though contemporaries noted the challenges of a divorced woman's reinvention in early 20th-century America, where such independence was both admired and scrutinized.^[19] Post remained unmarried for the rest of her life, prioritizing her professional autonomy and maternal responsibilities over remarriage.^[17]

Pre-Etiquette Career

Entry into Journalism and Fiction

Following her divorce in 1905, Emily Post pursued writing to achieve financial independence, beginning with fiction that drew on her experiences in high society. Her debut novel, The Flight of the Moth, was serialized in 1903 and published as a book in 1904, exploring romantic and social themes among the elite.^[12] ^[9] She followed this with additional novels, including Purple and Fine Linen in 1906, Woven in the Tapestry in 1908, The Title Market in 1909—which critiqued title-seeking Americans marrying European nobility—and The Eagle's Feather in 1910.^[12] These works were often serialized in magazines like Vanity Fair, reflecting her transition from socialite to professional author.^[20] Post expanded into journalism through travel writing, capitalizing on the growing popularity of automobiles. In 1915, at age 42, she proposed to her publisher an expedition to assess cross-country road travel feasibility, embarking on a 4,000-mile automobile journey from New York to San Francisco with a chauffeur and companion.^[21] ^[22] The resulting book, By Motor to the Golden Gate, published in 1916, offered humorous observations on diverse American regions, roadside conditions, and cultural encounters, while providing practical guidance for early motorists amid rudimentary infrastructure.^[23] This venture marked her shift toward nonfiction journalism, blending adventure with commentary on national geography and society.^[24] In parallel, Post contributed newspaper and magazine articles on social topics, honing skills that later informed her etiquette expertise, though her early pieces focused more on narrative storytelling than prescriptive advice.^[1] These endeavors established her literary reputation before her pivotal 1922 etiquette book, demonstrating versatility in fiction and reporting amid personal and economic challenges.^[12]

Key Early Works and Challenges

Post's literary career commenced prior to her divorce, with her debut novel The Flight of a Moth, a romantic epistolary work published in 1904 by Harper & Brothers, drawing loosely from her own marital experiences.^[17]^[12] This was followed by Purple and Fine Linen in 1905, a society novel exploring class distinctions and social aspirations among the elite.^[5] Subsequent fiction included Woven in the Tapestry (1908), The Title Market (1909), and The Eagle's Feather (1910), all characterized by themes of romance, inheritance, and upper-class intrigue typical of early 20th-century popular literature.^[5] These novels achieved moderate commercial success but did not establish Post as a literary mainstay, prompting diversification into journalism and non-fiction to sustain her livelihood.^[2] Post contributed serialized stories and articles to magazines such as Harper's Bazaar and Ladies' Home Journal, often under pseudonyms, focusing on domestic life, fashion, and social observations. In 1916, she published By Motor to the Golden Gate, a travelogue recounting her 4,000-mile automobile journey across the United States with her son Edwin, highlighting the era's nascent road culture and regional customs; the book sold modestly but underscored her adaptability to emerging American experiences.^[25] The primary challenges of this period stemmed from personal upheaval and economic necessity following her 1905 divorce from Edwin Post, amid his financial scandals involving stock fraud allegations, which left her to provide for herself and their two sons without alimony.^[26] Divorced women of her social standing faced stigma and limited opportunities, compelling Post to leverage her upper-class background for freelance writing amid a competitive market dominated by established authors. Her fiction's formulaic nature drew little critical acclaim, with sales insufficient for long-term stability, as evidenced by her publisher Funk & Wagnalls later suggesting etiquette topics to capitalize on her social insights rather than continue unprofitable novels. This phase honed her observational skills but exposed the precariousness of relying on periodical and book markets, where advances were small—often under $1,000 per novel—and royalties erratic.^[2]

Development of Etiquette Expertise

Publication of "Etiquette" in 1922

Etiquette in Society, in Business, in Politics, and at Home, commonly referred to as Etiquette, was published by Funk & Wagnalls Company in July 1922.^[4] Subtitled The Blue Book of Social Usage, the volume compiled Post's observations on decorum drawn from her experiences in elite social circles, offering practical rules for conduct in domestic, professional, and public settings.^[4] At 50 years old, Post leveraged her prior journalistic and fictional writings to address the perceived erosion of traditional manners amid post-World War I societal shifts, positioning the book as a corrective guide emphasizing self-restraint and consideration for others.^[27] The first edition, priced at approximately $4 (equivalent to over $50 in contemporary terms), encompassed chapters on topics ranging from table manners and correspondence to wedding protocols and business interactions, reflecting Post's view that etiquette served as a mechanism for social order rather than mere formality.^[28] A second edition followed in September 1922, indicating rapid demand and the need for updates to the text.^[29] Initial sales figures are not precisely documented in primary records, but the book's swift commercial success is evidenced by its status as a bestseller, which propelled Post from relative obscurity in etiquette literature to a national authority.^[12] Reception among readers and critics highlighted the work's utility in navigating an era of expanding middle-class aspirations and changing class dynamics, with Post's prescriptive style praised for its clarity and applicability beyond high society.^[30] By the mid-1920s, Etiquette had undergone multiple reprints, laying the foundation for Post's subsequent media ventures, including newspaper columns and radio broadcasts that disseminated its principles.^[4] The publication marked a pivotal shift in Post's career, transforming her from a novelist into the preeminent arbiter of American comportment for decades.^[31]

Expansions, Revisions, and Media Engagements

Post revised Etiquette in Society, in Business, in Politics, and at Home several times during her lifetime to address evolving social norms, with a significant update in 1927 that incorporated guidance for the middle class amid growing economic and cultural shifts in American society.^[32] Subsequent revisions in the 1930s and 1940s expanded sections on contemporary topics such as radio etiquette, automobile travel, and wartime hospitality, reflecting technological and societal changes while maintaining her core emphasis on consideration and self-restraint.^[4] By the time of her death in 1960, the book had undergone multiple printings and editions under her direct oversight, solidifying its status as a dynamic reference rather than a static manual.^[2] To broaden her influence beyond print, Post launched a syndicated newspaper column titled "Social Problems" around 1930, which by 1940 appeared in 150 newspapers nationwide and garnered up to 26,000 reader letters annually seeking advice on interpersonal conduct.^[4]^[2] The column, distributed via the Bell Syndicate, addressed everyday dilemmas from family dynamics to public behavior, amassing a daily readership across over 200 papers by the mid-1930s and establishing Post as a household authority on practical manners.^[33] Post further extended her platform through radio broadcasts beginning in 1930 on CBS, sponsored by Camay soap, where she dispensed etiquette counsel in short segments focused on "the right thing to do."^[34] Her programs continued on NBC-Blue Network from 1931 to 1933, often sponsored by DuPont, reaching millions via live advice and dramatized scenarios that popularized her principles in an era of mass media emergence.^[34] These engagements, including a 1938 episode discussing hostess gifts, underscored her adaptability to auditory formats while reinforcing etiquette as a tool for social cohesion amid rapid modernization.^[35]

Core Principles and Societal Views

Emily Post viewed the foundations of manners as intrinsically linked to ethical principles that underpin social cohesion. In her seminal 1922 work Etiquette, she likened the structure of etiquette to that of a house, with ethics forming the unyielding foundation upon which layers of good taste, correct speech, and quiet demeanor are constructed.^[29] This ethical base demands that individuals prioritize consideration for the rights and feelings of others, which Post described as "the very foundation upon which social life is built," extending beyond mere public decorum to the core of interpersonal relations.^[29] Without this grounding, she argued, interactions devolve into discord, as etiquette's role is to mitigate the awkwardness inherent in human contacts by enforcing mutual regard. Central to Post's philosophy was the idea that manners manifest as a "sensitive awareness of the feelings of others," transcending rote conventions like proper utensil use to reflect genuine empathy and self-restraint.^[36] She posited that true etiquette emerges from an inner character shaped by consideration, respect, and honesty—principles that ensure behaviors remain agreeable and harmonious rather than disruptive.^[36] A foundational rule she articulated for societal conduct was to "try to do and say those things only which will be agreeable to others," thereby fostering environments where personal expression aligns with collective comfort and prevents the erosion of civility.^[29] Post's emphasis on these elements positioned manners as a mechanism for social harmony, particularly in structured settings like dinners or gatherings, where enforced engagement—such as conversing with table neighbors—compels participants to bury personal animosities for the greater good of the group.^[29] By embedding ethics in everyday deportment, her system aimed to cultivate "Best Society" not as an elite preserve but as an association of gentlefolk bound by charm, poise, and altruistic interest, ultimately sustaining orderly and pleasant communal life.^[29] This approach underscored manners' causal role in averting conflict, as insensitivity or rudeness inevitably fractures the intangible yet essential atmosphere of hospitality and mutual trust.^[29]

Emphasis on Tradition, Hierarchy, and Moral Restraint

Emily Post's Etiquette (1922) positioned manners as a bulwark against social disorder, rooted in longstanding customs that foster stability and moral elevation. She advocated respecting "ancient manners" as essential to good taste, arguing that deviations erode the ethical underpinnings of civilized interaction.^[37] Traditional protocols, such as formal third-person wedding invitations using archaic phrasing like "request the pleasure of your company" and the British spelling "honour," were prescribed to maintain ceremonial continuity across generations.^[38] Similarly, afternoon tea service adhered to uniform rituals regardless of household scale, from modest homes to grand estates, underscoring uniformity in preserving cultural norms.^[39] Post's framework reinforced social hierarchy through deference protocols that prioritized age, status, and gender roles. Younger individuals were required to present themselves to elders or dignitaries, with gentlemen rising upon a lady's entrance and escorting her in public settings.^[40] At formal dinners, the guest of honor was typically the oldest lady present or a distinguished stranger, while hostesses deferred to family standing in social positioning; servants, such as butlers, stood silently behind the hostess to embody subservience.^[41] Access to elite events like subscription balls depended on committee approval reflecting inherited social rank, with lifelong patronesses ensuring exclusivity and order.^[42] Young women required chaperones at public gatherings, and suitors sought paternal consent for engagements, embedding familial authority into relational structures.^[43] Moral restraint formed the ethical core of Post's system, equating etiquette with honor and self-discipline to prevent interpersonal discord. She defined etiquette's structure as "a house, of which the foundation is ethics," demanding restraint in public conduct, such as avoiding conspicuous dress, loud voices, or tactless criticism in conversation.^[44] Guests were obligated to consume offered dishes to spare the hostess distress, while engaged couples refrained from overt affection; gentlemen eschewed profit-driven gambling as unbecoming.^[45] These rules extended to broader preservation of order, with hostesses extending impartial attention to all attendees and punctuality—such as arriving precisely at 8:00 PM for winter dinners—ensuring harmonious flow without self-assertion disrupting the collective.^[45] Post viewed such restraints not as arbitrary but as causal mechanisms linking individual ethics to societal cohesion, where lapses in deference or decorum invited chaos.^[37]

Establishment of the Emily Post Institute

Founding in 1946 and Initial Operations

The Emily Post Institute was established in 1946 by etiquette authority Emily Post, with operational support from her son, Edwin M. Post Jr. (known as Ned), to institutionalize and perpetuate her principles of social conduct and gracious living.^[3]^[1] The founding formalized a family endeavor aimed at sustaining Post's influence amid post-World War II societal shifts, emphasizing etiquette as a tool for civil harmony rather than mere formality.^[31] Incorporated as a private entity, it enabled structured dissemination of her advice beyond individual books and columns, positioning it as a dedicated resource for etiquette education.^[46] Initial operations centered on Burlington, Vermont, where the institute maintained offices on the second floor of a repurposed elementary school building, reflecting a modest, family-run structure.^[47] Ned Post assumed management responsibilities, handling administrative duties while Emily Post continued active involvement in content creation and oversight until her later years.^[3] Core activities in the early phase focused on publishing extensions of her oeuvre, such as Ned's authorship of The Emily Post Cookbook in 1951, which applied etiquette tenets to household management.^[3] The institute also supported ongoing revisions to Post's flagship Etiquette (first published 1922), ensuring adaptations to contemporary customs while preserving foundational rules on respect, consideration, and honesty.^[1] Beyond publications, early efforts included advisory services and correspondence-based guidance, building on Post's established newspaper columns and radio appearances to address public inquiries on manners in business, home, and social spheres.^[31] This operational model prioritized practical application over expansive training programs, which emerged later, and avoided commercial excess by aligning with Post's view of etiquette as moral restraint rather than elitist display.^[6] By 1946's close, the institute had solidified as a conduit for her legacy, with family involvement ensuring continuity amid her advancing age.^[3]

Family Involvement and Institutional Growth

Following Emily Post's death in 1960, her son Edwin M. Post Jr. (known as Ned), who had co-founded the institute with her in 1946, continued its operations alongside family members.^[4] Her grandson William Post and granddaughter-in-law Elizabeth L. Post assumed management responsibilities from 1960 to 1995, with Elizabeth emerging as the primary spokesperson starting in 1965.^[3] Elizabeth revised the 11th edition of Etiquette that year and co-hosted the radio program Do The Right Thing in 1975, during which the 13th edition addressed contemporary topics such as premarital sex and women's liberation, reflecting the institute's adaptation to social changes under family stewardship.^[4] In 1995, Peggy Post—great-granddaughter-in-law through her marriage to Allen Post—succeeded as spokesperson, overseeing the publication of Emily Post’s Teen Etiquette and a 14-city book tour for the 75th anniversary edition of Etiquette in 1997.^[4] The institute expanded its reach through seminars and media engagements, transitioning from its initial focus on gracious living studies to broader etiquette training programs. By 2000, additional family members including Peter Post and Cindy Post Senning joined, bolstering operational capacity.^[4] The fifth generation further propelled growth, with Daniel Post Senning joining in 2008 and co-authoring subsequent Etiquette editions.^[4] In 2015, Daniel and his cousin Lizzie Post—great-great-grandchildren of Emily—launched the Awesome Etiquette podcast, enhancing public accessibility, and they authored the 19th edition in 2017. Named co-presidents in late 2016, they represent the ongoing fifth-generation leadership, with the institute now functioning as a family business spanning six generations, offering corporate training, books, and digital content from Burlington, Vermont offices.^[4]^[48] This familial continuity has sustained the institute's evolution, maintaining core principles while incorporating modern communication tools and societal shifts.^[3]

Criticisms and Debates

Charges of Elitism and Inflexibility

Critics have argued that Emily Post's Etiquette in Society, in Business, in Politics, and at Home (1922) embodied elitism by codifying norms of "best society" as an exclusive domain of "gentle-folk" from long-established, highly cultivated families, thereby reinforcing social hierarchies inaccessible to those outside inherited privilege.^[49] Specific prescriptions, such as requiring two footmen and a butler for formal dinners or mandating white gloves and specific attire for balls, have been cited as emblematic of upper-class exclusivity, presuming resources and lifestyles beyond the middle or working classes.^[49] ^[29] These elements positioned manners as a gatekeeping mechanism, where adherence signaled belonging and deviation invited ostracism, such as a guest being "never invited to tea again" for minor infractions like improper cigar use.^[49] On inflexibility, detractors contend that Post's exhaustive, scenario-specific rules—varying hat etiquette between elevators and corridors, or opera versus theater—created pedantic barriers that stifled natural interaction rather than fostering adaptability.^[49] Strict temporal limits, like prohibiting visitors from staying a full hour, underscored a perceived rigidity in social protocols, treating etiquette as an "inflexible lawmaker" in domains like weddings despite Post's own assertion that it was "not a rigid code of manners."^[29] ^[50] This approach, critics argue, prioritized arbitrary conventions over genuine consideration, limiting social mobility by implicit norms of class, race, and tradition, even as the book targeted aspirational readers.^[49] Such charges gained traction in analyses viewing Post's work as nostalgic for pre-war hierarchies amid 1920s shifts toward informality.^[51]

Rebuttals Highlighting Universal Principles and Causal Benefits

Post's principles of etiquette, centered on consideration, respect, and honesty, serve as universal guidelines applicable across social strata, countering claims of inherent elitism by emphasizing empathy and reciprocity rather than exclusionary privilege.^[36] These tenets, drawn from the foundational "golden rule" of treating others as one wishes to be treated, enable individuals from any background to navigate interactions confidently, focusing on substantive exchange over superficial status signaling.^[52] Descendants maintaining her institute, such as Lizzie Post, rebut elitism accusations by noting that proper etiquette, when rooted in these principles, promotes inclusion and mutual understanding, not secrecy or gatekeeping.^[53] Causal benefits arise from these principles' role in fostering social harmony and reducing interpersonal friction; empirical observations link consistent polite behaviors to diminished conflict and heightened cooperation, as manners signal reliability and lower psychological barriers in group dynamics.^[54] In professional and communal settings, adherence to such restraint correlates with improved relational outcomes, including greater trust accumulation and willingness for collaborative engagement, which cumulatively bolster societal stability over time.^[55] Post's framework thus yields tangible advantages, such as enhanced personal efficacy and collective civility, by aligning individual actions with predictable norms that mitigate rudeness-induced erosion of social bonds.^[56] Critiques of inflexibility overlook the adaptive core of Post's approach, where timeless principles guide evolving customs without discarding moral anchors like hierarchical deference and self-control, which causally support ordered hierarchies essential for efficient decision-making and restraint against impulsivity.^[57] Evidence from social psychology indicates that structured politeness norms enhance mobility and respect across diverse groups, enabling broader access to opportunities rather than rigid class preservation.^[58] By prioritizing causal realism—where considerate conduct predictably yields reciprocal benefits—Post's system demonstrates enduring utility, as societies exhibiting higher civility levels report lower incidences of discord and higher interpersonal productivity.^[59]

Later Years

Health, Final Contributions, and Retirement

In the late 1950s, Emily Post's health deteriorated due to dementia, which required full-time nursing care and confined her to her Manhattan apartment at 39 East 79th Street.^[60]^[61] She had increasingly spent time at her summer home in Edgartown on Martha's Vineyard, where she tended a garden and enjoyed seasonal residence, but her condition limited such activities toward the end.^[62] Post died on September 25, 1960, at age 87 following a long illness.^[61]^[2] Post retired from active leadership of the Emily Post Institute, which she had co-founded with her son Edwin M. Post Jr. (Ned) in 1946 to formalize etiquette training and consultations; upon her retirement, her granddaughter-in-law Elizabeth L. Post assumed directorship and revised subsequent editions of Etiquette.^[32]^[3] Elizabeth Post directed the institute for over 30 years, ensuring continuity of Post's principles. Ned Post also contributed a biography, Truly Emily Post, published in 1960, detailing her personal and professional life.^[3] Among her final contributions, Post personally oversaw revisions to the tenth edition of Etiquette in Society, in Business, in Politics, and at Home (also titled The New Emily Post's Etiquette), published by Funk & Wagnalls in 1960, which included updates on contemporary social usages while preserving core tenets of consideration and restraint.^[63] This edition, spanning 671 pages across 54 chapters with illustrations, marked her last direct involvement in the book's evolution before her death that year.^[64] Through the institute and these efforts, Post's work emphasized enduring principles of manners as tools for social harmony, even as she stepped back from daily operations.^[3]

Death in 1960

Emily Post died on September 25, 1960, at the age of 86, in her apartment at 39 East 79th Street in New York City following a brief illness.^[65] She was survived by her son, Edwin M. Post Jr., her daughter-in-law, and several grandchildren, including those involved in continuing her etiquette work through the Emily Post Institute.^[65] A funeral service was conducted on September 29, 1960, at 10:30 a.m. in St. James Church at Madison Avenue and 71st Street in Manhattan.^[65] Post was interred at Saint Mary's Episcopal Church Cemetery in Tuxedo Park, New York.^[66] Her death marked the end of an era in American etiquette guidance, though her institute persisted under family stewardship, with the tenth edition of Etiquette released that year.^[61]

Enduring Legacy

Emily Post's Etiquette in Society, in Business, in Politics and at Home, published in 1922, exerted profound influence on American cultural norms by codifying standards of behavior amid rapid urbanization and social mobility following World War I.^[67] The book, which underwent 10 revisions and 89 printings during her lifetime while selling at least 30,000 copies annually, democratized access to elite manners, emphasizing ethical conduct rooted in kindness and consideration rather than inherited wealth or social pedigree.^[68] This approach addressed the anxieties of a burgeoning middle class interacting in an era of anonymous commerce, providing practical guidance for navigating urban encounters, business dealings, and public life where traditional hierarchies were eroding.^[67] Her work fostered a cultural ethos of egalitarian civility, redefining "Best Society" not by birthright but by adherence to principles of respect and self-restraint, which helped mitigate rudeness in increasingly diverse and impersonal settings.^[67] By the 1930s, Post's national radio program The Right Thing to Do amplified this reach, embedding her advice into everyday discourse and establishing the phrase "according to Emily Post" as a shorthand for authoritative etiquette standards across the United States.^[69] During World War II, demand surged, with U.S. military clubs reporting up to 16,000 weekly requests for her book, second only to atlases, underscoring its role in maintaining morale and decorum among service members and civilians alike.^[4] Post's syndicated columns in over 200 newspapers further permeated social fabric, influencing behaviors in homes, workplaces, and politics by promoting etiquette as a tool for harmony and mutual regard, rather than rigid class markers.^[68] This legacy persisted beyond her 1960 death through the Emily Post Institute, founded in 1946, which adapted her principles to postwar and modern contexts, including business ethics and digital interactions, thereby sustaining her impact on American interpersonal conduct into the 21st century.^[69] Her framework's emphasis on causal links between courteous actions and social cohesion—evident in updated editions addressing tipping, gifting, and public courtesy—continues to counter perceptions of declining civility by offering timeless, evidence-based strategies for cooperative human relations.^[67]

Modern Relevance Amid Declining Civility

Surveys indicate a widespread perception of declining civility in the United States. In a 2023 American Bar Association survey, 85% of respondents reported that civility had worsened compared to a decade earlier, with social media and general media frequently cited as primary contributors.^[70] ^[71] A 2025 Scripps News report echoed this, finding that while nearly all Americans view themselves as civil, only about 25% perceive society at large as such.^[72] Similarly, a Pew Research Center poll from early 2025 revealed that 47% of Americans believe public behavior has grown ruder since the COVID-19 pandemic, linking the trend to shifts in social norms and technology use.^[73] Emily Post's foundational principles—rooted in consideration, respect, and honesty—offer a counterpoint to these trends by emphasizing etiquette as a practical framework for interpersonal harmony. Her definition of manners as "a sensitive awareness of the feelings of others" remains applicable to contemporary challenges, such as digital interactions where anonymity often exacerbates rudeness.^[74] The Emily Post Institute, operated by Post's descendants into its fifth generation as of 2025, adapts these tenets to modern contexts, providing guidance on "netiquette" for social media, including avoiding thread hijacking and promoting honest communication without aggression.^[75] ^[76] This includes rules like responding promptly to messages and respecting privacy settings, which align with empirical observations that uncivil online behavior spreads contagiously, similar to workplace rudeness documented in 2024 University of New Mexico research.^[77] The institute's ongoing work underscores Post's enduring utility in professional and social spheres. Updated editions of Etiquette, such as the 2022 centennial revision by descendants Peggy Post and Lizzie Post, incorporate advice on technology etiquette and business conduct, training thousands annually through seminars and a podcast launched in recent years.^[78] ^[79] These resources demonstrate causal benefits: structured etiquette reduces conflict by fostering predictable social cues, as evidenced by the institute's emphasis on universal principles over rigid class-based rules, making them scalable to diverse, tech-driven environments where traditional norms erode.^[67] In an era of perceived incivility, Post's approach promotes self-regulation grounded in empathy, potentially mitigating the 72% of Americans who, per a 2025 Reagan Foundation study, express willingness to restore civility if equipped with actionable tools.^[80]

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A Polite Plea for a Biopic of Emily Post - Book Riot
Nov 5, 2021 · His wife, Josephine Lee Price, ran the family business with her husband. The Price family moved to New York City in 1877. Emily was educated ...
[11]
Episode 91: Emily Post - The History Chicks
Jul 8, 2017 · Emily was doted on as a child, she spent as little time as possible in school and as much time as possible with her father who showed her ...
[12]
Place Settings | The New Yorker
Oct 13, 2008 · Emily Post became Emily Post by doing what Emily Post advised. She learned the rules, and she followed them. ♢. Published in the print ...
[13]
To the Manner Born: The Real Story of Emily Post - Newsweek
Oct 17, 2008 · At the height of her fame, Post had a radio show and syndicated newspaper column, and advised the White House on protocol. But the image of ...Missing: achievements | Show results with:achievements
[14]
Emily Price Post | Encyclopedia.com
May 18, 2018 · She was educated at home and attended Miss Graham's finishing school in New York where her family had moved. She grew up in an era of ...
[15]
Facts and ideas from anywhere - PMC - PubMed Central
By 1905 she found herself in the middle of a scandalous divorce, its humiliating details splashed across the front pages of New York newspapers for months.
[16]
Book Review | 'Emily Post: Daughter of the Gilded Age, Mistress of ...
Oct 24, 2008 · After the divorce, Emily Post never pronounced her husband's name again. She also set an extra place at the table for the rest of her life ...
[17]
Emily's First Novel - The Emily Post Institute
Shortly thereafter, she divorced Edwin, remaining unmarried for the rest of her life. Emily was certainly remembered for the fierce independence that ...Missing: Wall | Show results with:Wall
[18]
Woman Crush Wednesday: Emily Post in Greenwich Village
Mar 5, 2025 · By the end of Bruce's career, with Josephine as his partner, Price had built a summer palace for the Emperor of Japan and the Georgian Court in ...
[19]
Emily Post (1872-1960) - American Aristocracy
As a debutante in New York she met Edwin Post and after they were married in 1892 they lived on Washington Square. They divorced in 1905 and with her two ...
[20]
Emily Post: books, biography, latest update - Amazon.com
Emily Post began her career as a writer at the age of thirty-one. Her romantic stories of European and American society were serialized in Vanity Fair, ...Missing: early | Show results with:early
[21]
Before She Was an Etiquette Authority, Emily Post Was a Road Warrior
Sep 11, 2017 · Before Post wrote Etiquette in Society, in Business, in Politics, and at Home, the 1922 book that “established her status as an etiquette ...
[22]
Emily Post: Road Trip
By Motor to the Golden Gate, a chronicle of her cross-country automobile journey that she published in 1916, exhibits the full-grown liberty that blossomed in ...
[23]
By Motor to the Golden Gate: Post, Emily - Amazon.com
A 1916 cross-country automobile journey from New York to San Francisco, documenting American landscapes, culture, and providing practical travel advice about ...
[24]
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/she-was-etiquette-authority-emily-post-was-road-warrior-180964806
[25]
Minding modern manners | The Seattle Times
Dec 17, 2010 · Etiquette is the family business; seven Posts work full time at the Emily Post ... The Flight of the Moth” (1904) and the travelogue “By Motor to ...
[26]
Emily Post in Greenwich Village - New York Almanack
Aug 10, 2025 · It seems paradoxical that someone with Emily Post's focus on manners decorum lived in Greenwich Village, known for cultural rebellion.<|separator|>
[27]
Who Was Emily Post? A Look at the Queen of Etiquette
Emily Post was born into a wealthy New York family in 1872 and received a refined education tailored to her social class. She attended finishing schools, where ...Missing: achievements | Show results with:achievements
[28]
Emily Post's 'Etiquette' | Information School | University of Washington
Oct 12, 2023 · Pearl Harbor knocked Emily and many others off the radio, understandably, though her column continued to thrive with 5 million readers and ...Missing: achievements | Show results with:achievements<|control11|><|separator|>
[29]
The Project Gutenberg eBook of "Etiquette In Society", by Emily Post.
Etiquette in Society, in Business, in Politics and at Home by Emily Post (Mrs. Price Post) Author of Purple and Fine Linen, The Title Market, Woven in the ...
[30]
What I Learned from Emily Post's 'Etiquette' (1922)
Mar 5, 2023 · When Emily Post published Etiquette in 1922, most people died at home and everyone in the neighborhood had firsthand experience of it. Just a ...Missing: impact | Show results with:impact
[31]
The Rules of Etiquette: Emily Post | National Postal Museum
Emily Post (1873-1960) set the guidelines for good manners within America. In 1922 she wrote her book, Etiquette: the Blue Book of Social Usage.Missing: entry | Show results with:entry
[32]
Emily Post | Research Starters - EBSCO
Born: October 27, 1872 · Birthplace: Baltimore, Maryland · Died: September 25, 1960 · Place of death: New York, New York.Missing: achievements | Show results with:achievements
[33]
Emily Post - 1977 - AMERICAN HERITAGE
Her newspaper column, started in 1930, was to last many years, as would her daily radio broadcast. Though her audience was large, there were some who ...
[34]
Emily Post | Radio Star
She was featured on her own Emily Post radio shows for CBS sponsored by Camay (1930-1931); NBC- BLUE (1931-1932); NBC-BLUE sponsored by Dupont (1932-1933); NBC- ...
[35]
In Emily Post's 1938 radio show The Right Thing To Do, she is ...
Jul 10, 2025 · In Emily Post's 1938 radio show The Right Thing To Do, she is asked about bringing flowers, chocolate, or wine to a dinner, and Emily scoffs ...
[36]
The Principles of Etiquette - The Emily Post Institute
... Emily Post wrote her first book ETIQUETTE in 1922. Today we offer a wide range of books, online resources, training programs for all ages and topics, a ...
[37]
https://www.gutenberg.org/files/14314/14314-h/14314-h.htm#Page_ix
[38]
https://www.gutenberg.org/files/14314/14314-h/14314-h.htm#Page_88
[39]
https://www.gutenberg.org/files/14314/14314-h/14314-h.htm#Page_171
[40]
https://www.gutenberg.org/files/14314/14314-h/14314-h.htm#CHAPTER_II
[41]
https://www.gutenberg.org/files/14314/14314-h/14314-h.htm#Page_132
[42]
https://www.gutenberg.org/files/14314/14314-h/14314-h.htm#Subscription_Dances_And_Balls
[43]
https://www.gutenberg.org/files/14314/14314-h/14314-h.htm#Public_Balls
[44]
https://www.gutenberg.org/files/14314/14314-h/14314-h.htm#CHAPTER_I
[45]
https://www.gutenberg.org/files/14314/14314-h/14314-h.htm#Page_228
[46]
Emily Post Institute - NNDB
Founded 1946 by Emily Post. Official Website: http://www.emilypost.com/. Location: Burlington, VT. Founding Date: 1946 ...<|separator|>
[47]
Minding their manners - and everyone else's
Emily and her son Ned founded the Emily Post Institute (EPI) in 1946. From offices on the second floor of a former elementary school in Burlington, Vt., the ...
[48]
How Emily Post's descendants are shepherding her legacy into a ...
Apr 19, 2017 · On Tuesday, HarperCollins will publish the 19th edition of that book: Emily Post's Etiquette: Manners for Today, a considerably revised version ...
[49]
An Elusive Point Essential to Social Success - The Avery Review
In the early editions of Etiquette, Emily Post articulates a meticulously striated space. ... While there is an obvious elitism in setting standards of ...<|separator|>
[50]
Quotations - The Emily Post Institute
Etiquette: · “Nothing is less important than which fork you use. · "Etiquette must if it is to be of more than trifling use, include ethics as well as manners." ...Missing: morality | Show results with:morality
[51]
Emily Post, Etiquette (1922) - Smithereens - WordPress.com
Nov 14, 2007 · While earlier books insisted on morals, religion, dignity, and rank to keep, this book's tone is almost nostalgic, and Emily Post seems to ...Missing: critiques | Show results with:critiques
[52]
Etiquette Defined/Why Etiquette? - The Emily Post Institute
These are our introductory sections. They articulate what etiquette is and isn't, why business etiquette matters, and set concepts and vocabulary around ...
[53]
Emily Post's etiquette revamp takes on consent, privilege, other 21st ...
Nov 1, 2022 · “I think mostly that it's really easy to paint etiquette and manners as tools for elitism, tools for secrecy, tools for exclusion,” said ...Missing: criticisms inflexibility
[54]
Politeness and Psychological Distance: A Construal Level Perspective
Consistent with politeness theory, politeness increased with request size, higher status of the addressee, and social distance. In addition, although relatively ...
[55]
What a Month with Emily Post Taught Me About Etiquette - Verily
Mar 24, 2021 · Enter Emily Post, a household name since the publication of her book Etiquette in Society, in Business, in Politics, and at Home in 1922. With ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[56]
The Psychology of Politeness and Boo on Bad Manners
Jul 8, 2025 · These small social injuries accumulate, eroding trust and connection far more than we often realize, shaping our willingness to engage.
[57]
'Emily Post's Etiquette, 18th Edition' - The New York Times
Oct 4, 2011 · Grounded as it is in timeless principles, etiquette enables us to face whatever the future may bring with strength of character and integrity.
[58]
Why we need etiquette - Whitman Wire
Apr 6, 2023 · Etiquette as it is understood today has fallen into irrelevance at the cost of personal social freedom, mutual respect and the ability to be socially mobile.Missing: causal manners
[59]
Politeness Matters: Why Elegance Begins with Being Polite
Embracing politeness has numerous benefits, from improved social interactions to enhanced personal and professional success. It opens doors, fosters ...
[60]
Emily Post didn't care which fork you used - Chicago Tribune
Nov 8, 2008 · Emily Post was such a thoroughly modern woman. Born into privilege and affluence only seven years after the end of the Civil War.
[61]
Emily Post Is Dead Here at 86; Writer was Arbiter of Etiquette
Post had a radio program and a daily column, which is still being syndicated to more than 200 newspapers. Her mail was enormous and she had to set up a ...Missing: achievements | Show results with:achievements
[62]
Emily Post, in Her Garden - Martha's Vineyard Magazine
Jan 4, 2010 · Famous for her book on manners first published in 1922, Emily Post was also a radio show host, newspaper columnist, and magazine contributor, ...
[63]
Elizabeth Post - Wikipedia
She succeeded Emily Post at The Emily Post Institute and served as director for over 30 years. Elizabeth Post revised and updated Emily Post's Etiquette five ...<|separator|>
[64]
Get ready for a shocker! In Emily Post's tenth edition of her famed ...
Jul 7, 2025 · The 1960, 10th edition of Etiquette is the final edition that Emily herself worked on. The year would see her death and the beginning of ...
[65]
https://www.nytimes.com/1960/09/27/archives/emily-post-is-dead-here-at-86-writer-was-arbiter-of-etiquette.html
[66]
Emily Post Is Dead Here at 86; Writer Was Arbiter of Etiquette ...
Mrs. Emily Post, for many years a leading authority on all matters of social good form, died Sunday in her apartment at 39 East Seventy-ninth Street after a ...
[67]
Emily Post (1872-1960) - Find a Grave Memorial
She would also write a few novels including "Flight of the Moth," "Purple and Fine Linen ... In 1922, she would publish the work that she was most famous for, her ...
[68]
Emily Post's Etiquette Holds a Surprising History Lesson | TIME
Oct 25, 2019 · She wrote about manners from a position of affluence, though her philosophy of etiquette can be read as surprisingly egalitarian.
[69]
Emily Post's Social Revolution | Vanity Fair | December 2001
Emily Post was born into New York's gilded elite, but in 1922 the lovely former debutante wrote one of the 20th century's most democratic books.Missing: journalism | Show results with:journalism
[70]
The Pulse of American Life: On Emily Post's Evolving Legacy
Oct 5, 2022 · In 1946 she established the Emily Post Institute, Inc. with her son Edwin, allowing for her family to carry on her legacy and work. Emily lived ...Missing: childhood | Show results with:childhood
[71]
Most Americans Believe Civility in the U.S. Is Declining - 2Civility
May 4, 2023 · Civility in the U.S. is worse today compared to 10 years ago, according to 85% of respondents to the American Bar Association's Survey of Civic ...
[72]
Survey: Public blames social media for civility's decline
May 1, 2023 · Civility has worsened in the United States and most people blame social media and the media generally. That's the consensus in the new 2023 ABA Survey of Civic ...
[73]
Americans say civility is declining, according to a new survey
Sep 30, 2025 · A new report out Tuesday shows nearly all Americans see themselves as civil, but just a quarter see society as civil.
[74]
Roughly half of Americans say we're ruder since the pandemic
Mar 17, 2025 · Nearly half (47%) of us are convinced our fellow countrymen have become “ruder” in the wake of the pandemic, a report from the Pew Research ...Missing: studies | Show results with:studies
[75]
The Emily Post Institute: Etiquette Advice & Training — Emily Post
A fifth generation family business that has been promoting etiquette based on consideration, respect and honesty since Emily Post wrote her first book ...
[76]
Digital Manners - Navigating Relationships with New Technology
The Emily Post Institute Inc. is a fifth generation family business that has been promoting etiquette based on consideration, respect and honesty since Emily ...
[77]
Emily Post's Netiquette | The New Yorker
Jun 10, 2013 · In 1922, Emily Post published “Etiquette,” the book that set the standard for social conduct. It also gave rise to a family business, now run by its fifth ...
[78]
New research shows that workplace rudeness is 'contagious'
Jun 20, 2024 · This research suggests that incivility can be reduced by changing workplace social norms, holding promise for improving work cultures and ...
[79]
Emily Post's etiquette tome overhauled for 21st century - AP News
Nov 1, 2022 · The grande dame of all things manners died in 1960, but two of her descendants have overhauled her book of tips for the 21st century to mark the centennial of ...
[80]
The Emily Post Institute
For the last 100 years, the Emily Post Institute has kept its namesake's legacy alive while evolving (and Emily did) with modern times.Missing: relevance | Show results with:relevance
[81]
than seven in 10 Americans want to play a part in restoring civility in ...
Mar 5, 2025 · The vast majority of Americans (72%) desire to be a part of the solution in restoring civility to our country, according to a new study released today.