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Reed

Reed, commonly referring to the plant Phragmites australis, is a tall perennial grass of the Poaceae family characterized by robust stems reaching 1 to 6 meters in height, broad leaves, and feathery panicles of flowers, thriving in wetland environments through extensive rhizomatous growth that enables dense clonal stands.^[1] Native to much of Eurasia, Africa, and parts of North America, it has been introduced widely elsewhere, often via rhizome fragments or seeds dispersed by wind and water.^[2] Ecologically, P. australis stabilizes shorelines and provides habitat for certain wildlife, such as birds nesting in its stands, while its deep root systems aid in sediment accretion and nutrient cycling in marshes.^[3] Historically, humans have utilized it for practical purposes, including thatching roofs, weaving mats and baskets, constructing fences, and crafting musical instrument reeds due to its stiff, hollow stems; Native Americans employed it medicinally for treating ailments like diarrhea and as a poultice for skin issues.^[3]^[4] However, the non-native subspecies P. australis subsp. australis, introduced to North America around the 1800s likely through European shipping ballast, has become aggressively invasive in wetlands, forming monocultures that outcompete native vegetation, reduce biodiversity, alter hydrology by increasing evaporation and sedimentation, and diminish habitat quality for amphibians, fish, and waterfowl.^[2]^[5] This invasion displaces indigenous subspecies like P. australis subsp. americanus, leading to costly management efforts involving herbicides, mowing, and burning, as the plant's resilience—via persistent rhizomes up to 1 meter deep and prolific seed production—resists eradication.^[6]^[7]

Biology

Plants and Species

The term "reed" commonly refers to tall, perennial grasses in the family Poaceae that thrive in wetland environments, featuring hollow stems, long linear leaves, and plume-like inflorescences. These plants propagate primarily via rhizomes, forming extensive clonal stands that stabilize sediments and provide habitat in aquatic and riparian zones.^[8] Key genera include Phragmites and Arundo, with species adapted to temperate and subtropical climates worldwide.^[9] Phragmites australis, the common reed, exemplifies the genus and is a wetland perennial reaching 1–6 meters in height, with stout stems up to 2 cm in diameter and leaves 1–4 cm wide by 15–75 cm long.^[1] Its inflorescence is a dense, nodding panicle 15–40 cm long, producing wind-dispersed seeds, though reproduction is predominantly vegetative. Native to Eurasia, Africa, and Australia, it has a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring on every continent except Antarctica, often in freshwater marshes, riverbanks, and disturbed saline habitats.^[9] In North America, genetic analyses distinguish a native lineage (P. australis subsp. americanus), present since the Pleistocene with lighter green leaves and less aggressive growth, from the non-native Eurasian subsp. australis, introduced around 1800 and now dominant in invasive populations due to higher rhizome biomass and seed viability.^[10] A third Gulf Coast lineage also exists but is less widespread.^[11] Arundo donax, known as giant reed, is another prominent species, growing 3–8 meters tall with broader leaves (5–8 cm wide) and a more robust rhizome system than Phragmites. Native to the Mediterranean Basin and parts of Asia, it tolerates drier conditions than typical reeds but invades riparian areas in the United States, where it was introduced in the 1700s for erosion control and biofuel. Its sterile seeds and fragmentation enable rapid spread, outcompeting natives in California and the Southeast.^[3] Unlike Phragmites, A. donax rarely flowers in non-native ranges, relying on vegetative propagation. Other grasses occasionally termed reeds include species in Calamagrostis (reed grasses), such as C. canadensis, a native North American bunchgrass reaching 2 meters in moist meadows, distinguished by awned lemmas and less invasive tendencies. These vary by region, with over 250 Calamagrostis species globally, but they lack the monolithic stands of true reeds. Taxonomic distinctions emphasize Phragmites and Arundo for archetypal wetland dominants, while avoiding conflation with sedges or rushes.^[12]

Ecological Role and Invasiveness

Reeds, particularly Phragmites australis, play significant roles in wetland ecosystems by stabilizing soils through extensive rhizome networks that trap sediments and organic matter, thereby enhancing soil formation and preventing erosion in coastal and riparian zones.^[13] These plants also contribute to nutrient cycling, sequestering heavy metals, excess nitrogen, and phosphorus from water, which improves water quality in eutrophic environments.^[14] Additionally, reed stands support biodiversity by providing habitat for aquatic species, including fish refugia and nesting sites for birds such as red-winged blackbirds and marsh wrens, while their high primary productivity—up to several tons of biomass per hectare annually—forms the base of food webs in marshes.^[15]^[16] In their native ranges, such as Eurasian wetlands, reeds foster resilient ecosystems by filtering pollutants and promoting carbon sequestration, with stands capable of storing substantial belowground carbon reserves.^[14] Native North American genotypes of P. australis similarly offer these services without dominating landscapes. However, the non-native Eurasian subspecies (P. australis subsp. australis, haplotype M), introduced to North America likely in the late 18th to early 19th century via European ship ballast, exhibits heightened invasiveness due to genetic traits enabling rapid clonal spread via rhizomes and prolific seed production.^[17] This variant has proliferated across wetlands, covering over 130,000 hectares in the Great Lakes region alone by 2018, forming monocultures that outcompete native vegetation through allelopathy and resource monopolization.^[18] The invasiveness of non-native reeds disrupts ecological balance by reducing plant diversity—studies show native species richness dropping by up to 70% in invaded marshes—and altering hydrology through dense mats that lower water tables and impede flow, leading to drier conditions unsuitable for obligate wetland fauna.^[19]^[20] While providing some erosion control benefits, invasive stands degrade habitat quality for amphibians, insects, and waterfowl by creating less permeable barriers that limit access and increase fire risk from accumulated dead biomass.^[21] Management efforts, including herbicide application and mechanical removal, are prioritized in regions like the U.S. Northeast and Great Lakes, where genetic analyses confirm the dominance of invasive haplotypes.^[22] Despite these impacts, some research highlights potential ecosystem services like enhanced soil stability in disturbed urban wetlands, underscoring the need for context-specific assessments rather than blanket eradication.^[23]

Technology and Engineering

Electrical and Mechanical Components

Reed switches are electromechanical devices comprising two ferromagnetic reeds hermetically sealed in a glass envelope, which close upon exposure to a magnetic field and open when the field is removed.^[24] Invented in 1936 by Walter B. Ellwood at Bell Telephone Laboratories, the first commercial production occurred in 1940 for applications in early telephone exchanges.^[25] ^[26] These switches offer advantages including low power consumption, high reliability with billions of operational cycles, and immunity to environmental contaminants due to their sealed design, making them suitable for sensors in security systems, automotive proximity detection, and position sensing.^[27] Reed relays integrate a reed switch with an energizing coil to produce the actuating magnetic field, functioning as compact electromagnetic switches with minimal contact bounce and fast switching speeds up to milliseconds.^[28] They excel in high-voltage isolation, often exceeding 10 kV, and low-level signal switching, with applications in automatic test equipment, medical devices, telecommunications, and RF/microwave circuits where low insertion loss and high isolation are critical.^[29] ^[30] Compared to electromechanical relays, reed relays provide longer mechanical life—typically over 10^9 operations—and smaller form factors, though they require careful shielding to avoid unintended actuation from stray fields.^[31] In mechanical engineering, reed valves consist of thin, flexible petals—often made from carbon fiber composites or stamped metal—mounted over intake ports in two-stroke engines to permit unidirectional flow of the fuel-air mixture into the crankcase while blocking backflow.^[32] ^[33] Introduced in high-performance two-stroke designs by the mid-20th century, they enhance engine efficiency by optimizing intake timing through pressure differentials, with petal deflection governed by engine vacuum and stiffness; stiffer petals suit higher RPMs for reduced blowback, while softer ones improve low-speed response.^[34] Common in motorcycles, outboard motors, and personal watercraft, reed valves can wear from fatigue or contamination, necessitating periodic inspection for cracks or carbon buildup to maintain performance.^[35]

Scientific Instruments and Processes

Reed switches consist of two overlapping ferromagnetic reeds hermetically sealed in a glass tube, which make or break electrical contact when exposed to a magnetic field, enabling non-contact sensing in various scientific setups.^[36] Their operation relies on the magnetization of the reeds, attracting them together at thresholds as low as 10 ampere-turns for normally open types, providing reliable switching for low-power signals without mechanical wear.^[37] In scientific instruments, reed switches facilitate magnetic field detection, such as in laboratory experiments where a reed relay measures the field strength of a solenoid by observing switching points along its axis, correlating relay activation with calculated field values via the formula B = \mu_0 n I, where n is turns per unit length and I is current.^[38] This method, employed in physics education as of 2024, allows students to verify theoretical predictions empirically, with reed relays offering fast response times under 1 millisecond for precise timing in dynamic field measurements.^[38] Reed relays, which integrate a reed switch with an energizing coil, extend these capabilities to controlled switching in instruments requiring isolation of low-level signals, such as in integrated circuit (IC) testing where they connect pins for functional verification without introducing noise, achieving contact resistances below 100 milliohms.^[39] Their hermetic sealing ensures consistent performance in vacuum or controlled atmospheres, vital for processes like semiconductor probing, and supports cycling rates up to 200 Hz for repetitive testing protocols.^[40] Beyond detection, reed-based devices appear in educational demonstrations of electromagnetism, powering simple motors where the switch interrupts current to create pulsed fields, achieving rotational speeds proportional to applied voltage, as tested in projects quantifying motor performance under varying DC supplies from 1.5 to 12 volts.^[41] These applications highlight the device's utility in causal investigations of magnetic interactions, though limitations include sensitivity to mechanical shock and finite lifespan of approximately 10^8 operations under low loads.^[42]

Medicine

Named Medical Terms and Discoveries

Reed-Sternberg cells are the pathognomonic giant, multinucleated tumor cells observed in classic Hodgkin lymphoma, typically comprising less than 1% of the lymphoid infiltrate but essential for diagnosis.^[43] These cells, often featuring bilobed nuclei with prominent eosinophilic nucleoli resembling "owl's eyes," were independently described by pathologist Carl Sternberg in 1898 and elaborated by Dorothy Reed in her 1902 doctoral thesis based on autopsy examinations of lymph node tissues from affected patients.^[43] ^[44] Reed's detailed histological analysis at Johns Hopkins Hospital confirmed their neoplastic B-cell origin and distinction from reactive lymphocytes, advancing the understanding of Hodgkin lymphoma as a clonal malignancy rather than an infectious process.^[44] Reed's syndrome, also termed hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) syndrome, denotes a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis caused by germline mutations in the FH gene encoding fumarate hydratase, an enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid cycle.^[45] First delineated by Reed et al. in 1973 through pedigree analysis of families exhibiting familial clustering of benign smooth muscle tumors, it manifests primarily as multiple cutaneous leiomyomas—painful, firm papules or nodules on the trunk and extremities—and uterine fibroids in females, with up to 15-20% risk of aggressive renal cell carcinoma.^[45] ^[46] Affected individuals, often presenting in adulthood with lesions numbering from dozens to hundreds, face heightened morbidity from tumor-related pain and malignant transformation potential, underscoring the syndrome's link to metabolic dysregulation and pseudohypoxia signaling.^[46] Reed nevus, or pigmented spindle cell nevus, represents a distinctive melanocytic lesion characterized by symmetrical, heavily pigmented macules or papules with irregular borders, histologically featuring spindle-shaped melanocytes in a nested architecture without significant atypia.^[47] Named after pathologist Richard Reed following its description in 1975 from clinicopathologic studies of atypical nevi mimicking melanoma, these nevi pose diagnostic challenges due to overlap with Spitz nevi and early melanomas, necessitating dermoscopic evaluation revealing starburst patterns or atypical pigment networks for differentiation.^[47] Major contributions to medical discoveries under the Reed name include U.S. Army physician Walter Reed's 1900-1901 Yellow Fever Commission experiments in Cuba, which empirically validated Carlos Finlay's mosquito transmission hypothesis through controlled human volunteer exposures, proving Aedes aegypti as the vector and enabling eradication strategies that reduced incidence from thousands of cases annually to near elimination in controlled settings.^[48] This work, involving ethical human challenge trials with informed consent, shifted paradigms from contaminated fomites to arthropod vectors, foundational to modern vector-borne disease control.^[49]

Music

Reeds in Instruments

Reeds in musical instruments function as vibrating elements that generate sound through the oscillation induced by airflow, typically from a player's breath or mechanical bellows. These components are engineered to produce specific pitches and timbres by varying in shape, thickness, and material properties, with the reed's flexibility allowing it to interrupt and resume airflow rapidly, creating pressure waves. Traditionally, reeds are fashioned from the culms (stems) of Arundo donax, a perennial grass species native to regions including the Mediterranean and Asia, selected for its straight, hollow structure and acoustic qualities that enable precise vibration control.^[50]^[51] This cane is harvested at maturity, typically in its second or third year when diameters range from 10-26 mm depending on the instrument, then cured and processed through gouging, shaping, and tying to fit mouthpieces.^[52]^[53] Instrument reeds are classified into three main categories based on their vibration mechanism: beating (single) reeds, double reeds, and free reeds. Single reeds feature a solitary cane blade fixed to a mouthpiece that intermittently contacts a flat surface (the "lay") during vibration, producing a brighter, more projecting tone suited to cylindrical-bore instruments. Examples include the clarinet family, where reeds measure about 70 mm in length and 12-20 mm in width, and saxophones, which use similar but scaled proportions for soprano to baritone models.^[54] Double reeds consist of two closely aligned cane pieces that beat against each other without a fixed frame, yielding a reedy, nasal timbre characteristic of conical-bore woodwinds like the oboe (reeds approximately 70 mm long, folded at the tip) and bassoon (longer, around 50-60 mm per blade).^[55] Free reeds, by contrast, oscillate through a slot in a rigid frame without contacting it, enabling polyphonic capabilities in bellows-driven or mouth-blown designs; prominent examples are the harmonica, accordion, and concertina, where metal reeds (often brass or steel, 10-30 mm long) replace cane for durability and tuning precision.^[56] The use of Arundo donax cane dates back at least 5,000 years, with archaeological evidence from ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian artifacts indicating early single- and double-reed prototypes, while free-reed designs trace to Asian traditions predating Western adoption by centuries.^[50]^[57] Modern manufacturing has introduced synthetic alternatives, such as fiber composites or plastics, to address inconsistencies in natural cane due to environmental factors like soil salinity and climate variability, though cane remains preferred for its organic responsiveness in professional settings. Reed strength is graded numerically (e.g., 1-5 for clarinets, where higher numbers indicate harder cane resisting closure for louder projection), influencing playability and longevity, with a single professional reed lasting 1-4 weeks under regular use.^[54]

Instrument Types and History

Reed instruments are classified into three primary types based on the reed mechanism: single-reed, double-reed, and free-reed. Single-reed instruments feature a single thin strip of cane or synthetic material that vibrates against a mouthpiece opening when air is blown across it, producing sound through the resulting turbulence.^[58] Common examples include the clarinet and saxophone families, where the reed is fastened to a flat mouthpiece. Double-reed instruments use two closely aligned blades of cane that vibrate against each other, creating a narrower, more piercing tone; notable instruments are the oboe, English horn, and bassoon.^[55] Free-reed instruments employ metal reeds that vibrate freely within a frame without contacting another surface, allowing for continuous sound production even when the bellows or mouth pressure varies; this category encompasses the harmonica, accordion, concertina, and Asian mouth organs like the Chinese sheng.^[59] The origins of reed instruments trace back to ancient civilizations, with rudimentary single- and double-reed pipes crafted from plant stalks or animal bones as early as 2700 BCE in Egypt, where devices like the memet—a simple idioglot single-reed pipe—were used in rituals.^[60] Double-reed precursors, such as the Greek aulos, appeared around the same era for ceremonial and theatrical purposes, evolving into medieval European shawms by the 12th century, which featured conical bores and loud, nasal tones suitable for outdoor performances.^[61] Single-reed development lagged in the West, with folk instruments like the chalumeau serving as prototypes until Johann Christoph Denner refined the clarinet around 1700 in Nuremberg, Germany, by adding keys and a chalumeau-like register to extend its range.^[62] Double-reed instruments saw significant refinement in the 17th century, as French makers like Jean Hotteterre transformed the shawm into the hautbois (ancestor of the modern oboe) around 1650, narrowing the bore and adding keys for greater control and softer dynamics in court ensembles.^[63] The bassoon emerged concurrently in Italy as a bass-range double-reed for marching bands, with early models featuring a folded wooden tube for portability. Free-reed instruments originated in ancient East and Southeast Asia, with the sheng documented in China by the 3rd century BCE for court music, its multiple bamboo pipes each housing a metal tongue that vibrates independently.^[64] These reached Europe via trade routes, inspiring 18th-century experiments; Christian Gottlieb Kratzenstein demonstrated a free-reed vowel synthesizer in 1738, paving the way for the harmonium by Alexandre Debain in 1842 and the widespread adoption of accordions in the 19th century for folk and classical settings.^[59] By the 19th century, Adolphe Sax's invention of the saxophone in 1840 integrated single-reed mechanics with brass construction, expanding the category's tonal versatility in orchestras and bands.^[60]

Organizations

Educational Institutions

Reed College is a private liberal arts college in Portland, Oregon, established in 1908 through the bequests of Oregon pioneers Simeon Gannett Reed and Amanda Reed, with its first classes held in 1911.^[65] The institution occupies a 116-acre campus in southeast Portland and enrolls approximately 1,400 undergraduates from diverse backgrounds, maintaining a 9:1 student-to-faculty ratio that supports intensive academic engagement.^[66]^[67] Reed emphasizes critical thinking, personal inquiry, and interdisciplinary study, offering 38 majors in fields such as humanities, natural sciences, and social sciences.^[68] A hallmark of Reed's pedagogy is its use of narrative evaluations rather than letter grades for most courses; while internal grades are recorded on transcripts, they are not disclosed to students to reduce competitive pressures and foster focus on mastery and intellectual growth.^[69]^[70] All students complete a mandatory year-long humanities sequence, Humanities 110, structured as small-group conferences that encourage close textual analysis and debate.^[68] The college's thesis requirement for all graduates underscores its commitment to original research, with seniors producing substantial independent projects under faculty supervision.^[68] Reedley College, a public community college in Reedley, California, was founded in 1926 as part of the State Center Community College District, relocating to its current campus in 1956 and serving over 10,000 students annually through associate degrees, certificates, and transfer programs in areas like agriculture, nursing, and business.^[71]^[72] With open admissions and a focus on vocational and foundational education, it operates on a 350-acre site and maintains low in-state tuition of $1,304 per year.^[73]

Publishing and Business Entities

RELX plc, formerly known as Reed Elsevier, is a multinational information and analytics company with origins in publishing, formed in 1993 through the merger of Reed International—a British trade book and magazine publisher—and the Dutch Elsevier science and health publisher. The company reported publishing revenue of $5.28 billion in 2018, positioning it as the world's largest publisher by revenue that year, primarily through subsidiaries like Elsevier, which focuses on scientific, technical, and medical (STM) content.^[74] By 2015, RELX rebranded to emphasize analytics and decision tools over traditional publishing, though Elsevier continues to produce peer-reviewed journals and books central to academic and professional dissemination. Reed Business Information (RBI), a subsidiary historically under Reed International, operated as one of the largest business-to-business (B2B) publishers in the United States, providing specialized information to sectors including media, manufacturing, electronics, and construction.^[75] RBI's portfolio included trade magazines, databases, and online platforms serving professional audiences, with a focus on data-driven content for industry decision-making.^[76] In 2013, RELX sold RBI's Australian operations to refocus on core markets, and by the 2020s, RBI brands integrated into LexisNexis Risk Solutions, shifting toward risk analytics while retaining informational publishing roots.^[77]^[78] Smaller entities include Robert D. Reed Publishers, an independent house producing over 200 titles since the 1990s, emphasizing self-improvement and inspirational non-fiction.^[79] Reed Publishing Co. offers print, apparel, and digital media products, drawing from family-authored content on personal development and timeless ideas.^[80] These smaller operations contrast with RELX's scale, often prioritizing niche markets over global analytics integration.

People

Individuals with Surname Reed

Walter Reed (September 13, 1851 – November 23, 1902) was a U.S. Army physician and major who led the Yellow Fever Commission in Cuba, confirming through experiments that the disease is transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes rather than direct contact or contaminated goods.^[81]^[48] His work, building on Carlos Finlay's hypothesis, enabled control measures that eradicated yellow fever from Havana by 1902 and advanced public health practices globally.^[82] Lou Reed (March 2, 1942 – October 27, 2013) was an American rock musician, singer, and songwriter who served as guitarist, vocalist, and principal songwriter for the Velvet Underground, influencing punk, alternative, and experimental rock with raw lyrics on urban life, drugs, and sexuality.^[83]^[84] Born in Brooklyn and raised on Long Island, Reed drew from rhythm and blues and doo-wop, later pursuing a solo career with hits like "Walk on the Wild Side" from the 1972 album Transformer.^[84] Ishmael Reed (born February 22, 1938) is an American writer known for over 30 books of poetry, novels, essays, and plays that blend satire, surrealism, and Neo-Hoodoo aesthetics to critique American culture, race, and power structures.^[85]^[86] His debut novel The Free-Lance Palbbearers (1967) launched a career marked by works like Mumbo Jumbo (1972), which reimagines history through African American folklore, and he has edited anthologies promoting diverse voices outside mainstream literary norms.^[85] Oliver Reed (February 13, 1938 – May 2, 1999) was a British actor recognized for portraying rugged, masculine characters in over 100 films, including roles in The Trap (1966), Oliver! (1968), and Gladiator (2000) as Proximo.^[87] Known for a hellraiser persona involving heavy drinking, Reed's career spanned swashbucklers, villains, and historical dramas, with his death from a heart attack during Gladiator's production in Malta attributed to alcohol-related complications after a pub contest.^[88]^[89] Rex Reed (born October 2, 1938) is an American film critic, journalist, and occasional actor who has reviewed films for over 60 years, contributing to outlets like the New York Observer, New York Post, and Vogue, often with acerbic, unfiltered commentary on Hollywood.^[90]^[91] A member of the New York Film Critics Circle, Reed authored books on cinema and appeared in films, maintaining a contrarian stance against studio publicists and trends.^[92]

Individuals with Given Name Reed

Reed Smoot (January 10, 1862 – February 9, 1941) was a U.S. Senator from Utah, serving continuously from March 4, 1903, to March 3, 1933, as a Republican.^[93] Born in Salt Lake City to Mormon pioneers, Smoot rose as a businessman in Provo, Utah, managing sugar factories and banks before entering politics.^[94] As the first Latter-day Saint apostle elected to the Senate, his 1903 seating sparked a four-year investigation into church influence and polygamy allegations, ultimately affirming his eligibility despite opposition from Protestant groups fearing theocratic encroachment.^[95] Smoot co-authored the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930, which raised U.S. import duties on over 20,000 goods to protect domestic industries amid the Great Depression, though economists later attributed it to exacerbating global trade contraction and deepening the downturn through retaliatory tariffs from trading partners.^[94] Reed Hastings (born October 8, 1960) is an American entrepreneur and the co-founder of Netflix, Inc., which he established in 1997 with Marc Randolph as a DVD-by-mail rental service.^[96] Hastings, who previously founded and sold software company Pure Software in 1997, pivoted Netflix to streaming in 2007, growing it into a global subscriber base exceeding 270 million by 2023 through original content investment and data-driven algorithms.^[97] He served as CEO from inception until January 19, 2023, when he transitioned to executive chairman, overseeing the company's expansion from a rental model to a dominant streaming platform valued at over $300 billion in market capitalization as of 2024.^[96] Hastings holds a B.S. in mathematics from Bowdoin College and has advocated for education reform, co-founding the DreamBox Learning platform.^[97] Reed Diamond (born July 20, 1967) is an American actor recognized for portraying Detective Mike Kellerman on the NBC series Homicide: Life on the Street from 1993 to 1999, earning a Screen Actors Guild Award as part of the ensemble.^[98] Trained at the Juilliard School after growing up in New York City, Diamond debuted professionally in the 1990 film Memphis Belle and later appeared in high-profile roles such as Laurence Macy in Joss Whedon's Dollhouse (2009–2010) and recurring parts in 24, The Shield, and Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D..^[98] His film work includes supporting turns in Moneyball (2011) and The Astronaut's Wife (1999), often playing authoritative or morally complex figures in procedural dramas.^[99]

Places

Settlements

Reed is a village and civil parish in the East Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, England, situated on a chalk ridge near the county's highest point. Located approximately 3 miles (5 km) south of Royston, 15 miles (24 km) south of Cambridge, and 35 miles (56 km) north of London, the parish encompasses rural farmland and historical sites dating to prehistoric times, with evidence of Roman and medieval occupation.^[100] In the United States, Reed refers to several small communities, including an unincorporated hamlet in Desha County, Arkansas, established in the mid-twentieth century as a predominantly African-American farming settlement along U.S. Highway 65, about 6 miles (10 km) north of McGehee. The community had a population of 130 as of the 2020 census.^[101] Reed Plantation is an unincorporated township in Aroostook County, Maine, encompassing rural areas and the village of Wytopitlock, known for its salmon fishing and outdoor recreation opportunities.^[102] Historically, Reed's Settlement was an early Anglo-American community in Panola County, Texas, founded in the 1830s by Baptist minister Isaac Reed, who migrated from Tennessee; it represented one of the first organized settlements in the area before declining in the late nineteenth century.^[103]

Historical and Natural Sites

The Reed Flute Cave (Lúdì Yán), located in Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, is a natural limestone karst cave formed approximately 180 million years ago through water erosion and carbonate deposition. Spanning over 240 meters in length with chambers up to 87 meters high, the cave features stalactites, stalagmites, stone pillars, and curtains illuminated by multicolored lights to highlight formations resembling mythical scenes, such as the Crystal Palace and Sky-Connecting Pillar. Inscriptions dating to the Tang Dynasty (618–907 AD) and Song Dynasty (960–1279 AD) adorn the walls, indicating early human visitation, while reeds growing at the entrance—traditionally used to craft flutes—gave the site its name. Rediscovered for modern tourism in the 1960s after use as an air-raid shelter during World War II, it attracts over a million visitors annually as a showcase of karst geology.^[104]^[105] The Reed Gold Mine in Midland, Cabarrus County, North Carolina, marks the site of the first documented gold discovery in the United States, when 12-year-old Conrad Reed found a 17-pound nugget in a creek on his family's property on March 30, 1802 (though family tradition dates the initial find to 1799). This event sparked North Carolina's gold rush, producing an estimated $15 million in gold by 1835 and influencing the establishment of the U.S. Mint branch in Charlotte in 1837. Operations at the mine, which included underground shafts and stamp mills, continued intermittently until 1918; the 225-acre site now operates as a state historic site managed by the North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources, featuring preserved mining artifacts, a visitor center, and trails demonstrating 19th-century extraction techniques.^[106] Other notable natural sites include the Nathaniel P. Reed Hobe Sound National Wildlife Refuge in Martin County, Florida, established in 1969 and encompassing 1,092 acres of pristine beach, dunes, and scrub habitat along 4.5 miles of undeveloped Atlantic coastline, protecting sea turtle nesting grounds and serving as a critical buffer against coastal development.^[107] Further north, Reed Bingham State Park in Norman Park, Georgia, covers 1,330 acres around a 375-acre lake formed by damming the Little River in 1973, offering ecosystems of pine forests, cypress swamps, and rare plants like the Georgia plume, with activities focused on fishing, boating, and observing diverse wildlife including alligators and bald eagles.^[108]

Other Uses

Miscellaneous Terms and Concepts

A reed refers to the stalk of various tall, grass-like wetland plants, particularly Phragmites australis, a perennial species in the Poaceae family that grows 1–6 meters tall from elongated rhizomes and stolons, forming dense stands in moist habitats.^[109] This plant produces feathery flower clusters and stiff stems, thriving in marshes, ditches, and estuaries, with invasive non-native subspecies spreading aggressively via rhizomes.^[2] In musical instruments, a reed is a thin strip of cane or metal affixed to the mouthpiece of woodwind instruments such as the clarinet, oboe, saxophone, and bassoon, where airflow causes it to vibrate and produce sound.^[110] Single reeds, used in clarinets and saxophones, are flat and bound to the mouthpiece, while double reeds, as in oboes and bassoons, consist of two blades beating together.^[111] In weaving, a reed is a comb-like frame on a loom with vertical slits (dents) that space and separate warp threads evenly during the weaving process, measured in dents per inch to determine thread density.^[112] Weavers select reed sizes based on yarn thickness and desired fabric sett, sleying multiple threads per dent when finer spacing is needed. An electrical reed switch is an electromechanical device comprising two ferromagnetic reed blades hermetically sealed in a glass envelope, which close or open a circuit in response to an external magnetic field from a nearby magnet.^[24] Invented in the early 20th century, these switches are valued for their simplicity, reliability in low-power applications, and use in sensors for doors, fluid levels, and automotive systems.^[27] In biblical contexts, a measuring reed denotes a unit of length approximately 6 cubits (about 2.7–3 meters or 8.75–10 feet), used for surveying structures as described in Ezekiel 40:5, where it equals a long cubit plus a handbreadth.^[113] This rod-like measure, derived from natural plant stalks, facilitated architectural and prophetic visions of temple dimensions.^[114]

References

[1]
common reed (Phragmites australis australis) - Species Profile
Phragmites australis subsp. australis is a perennial reed that grows from elongated rhizomes or stolons; 1-6 meters tall, forms dense stands.
[2]
Common Reed | National Invasive Species Information Center
The Mississippi River Delta is home to the world's largest contiguous swath of Phragmites australis, or more commonly known as the common reed. But the ...
[3]
[PDF] Plant Guide for common reed (Phragmites australis)
Aug 8, 2012 · Erosion control. Due to its dense root matrix and coarse stems, common reed has been recommended for shoreline and earthen.
[4]
Common Reed - Missouri Department of Conservation
Worldwide this reed has been used for roof thatching, basketry, and more. Unfortunately, the invasive subspecies of common reed (P. australis australis) is ...Missing: ecology | Show results with:ecology
[5]
Non-native Phragmites or Common reed - Wisconsin DNR
Perennial wetland grass that grows three to 20 feet tall with dull, very slightly ridged, stiff and hollow stems. Create dense clones where canes remain ...
[6]
Common Reed - NYIS - New York Invasive Species
The non-native Phragmites is a perennial grass that can reach over 15 feet in height. It is often found in dense clonal stands made up of living stems and ...Background · Biology · Habitat
[7]
Invasive Phragmites (Common Reed) - Tip of the Mitt Watershed ...
It is characterized by its towering height of up to 14 feet and its stiff wide leaves and hollow stem.
[8]
Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. - USDA Plants Database
Family. Poaceae Barnhart - Grass family ; Genus. Phragmites Adans. - reed ; Species. Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. - common reed ...
[9]
Phragmites australis - USDA Forest Service
GENERAL DISTRIBUTION: Common reed is one of the most widely distributed flowering plants [15,114]. It occurs on every continent except Antarctica [190] and ...INTRODUCTORY · DISTRIBUTION AND... · BOTANICAL AND... · FIRE ECOLOGY
[10]
Common Reed - Montana Field Guide
Plants have been but are no longer used to make cigarettes and 'superior' pen quills (Allred in FNA 2003). Plants are also used for fuel, fertilizer, and mulch ...
[11]
Native or Non-Native? - Great Lakes Phragmites Collaborative
There are three lineages of Phragmites, or the common reed, found in North America, and there is significant overlap in the approximate ranges of the native ...
[12]
Reed Grass | San Diego Zoo Animals & Plants
Reed Grass · Division: Magnoliophyta · Class: Liliopsida · Order: Cyperales · Family: Poaceae · Genus: Calamagrostis · Species: About 250.
[13]
[PDF] Common Reed (Phragmites australis)
Even though it can be invasive, some benefits of common reed include shoreline stabilization and nesting habitat for some birds. Marsh islands with dense ...
[14]
Ecosystem services of Phragmites in North America with emphasis ...
Phragmites sequesters nutrients, heavy metals and carbon, builds and stabilizes soils, and creates self-maintaining vegetation in urban and industrial areas.<|control11|><|separator|>
[15]
Ecological Basis of Ecosystem Services and Management of ... - MDPI
Reed stands provide habitats for nesting, feeding or roosting of vulnerable bird species. Conservation measures aim at preventing or stopping the decline of P.
[16]
Environmental extremes affect productivity and habitus of common ...
Common reed, the most abundant species, contributes largely to the primary productivity of this ecosystem.
[17]
Cryptic invasion by a non-native genotype of the common ... - PNAS
Cryptic invasions are a largely unrecognized type of biological invasion that lead to underestimation of the total numbers and impacts of invaders because ...
[18]
Phragmites invasion in the Great Lakes region
Dec 12, 2018 · Phragmites australis subsp. australis, the variant that is invasive throughout the Great Lakes region, is native to Europe (see figure 2). One ...
[19]
Common Reed (Phragmites australis) - Long Island Invasive ...
The dense root systems of invasive phragmites can alter the hydrology of wetland ecosystems by impeding water flow and reducing water levels. This can ...
[20]
The too-common reed? Invasive phragmites can cause serious ...
Feb 17, 2023 · This native species filters water and provides habitat for other plants and animals. The invasive one, on the other hand, can have serious ...
[21]
Common Reed - Phragmites australis - Vermont Invasives
Common reed replaces native grasses, sedges, and herbaceous plants. It provides poor quality habitat for insects, birds and amphibians.
[22]
Genetic analysis of North American Phragmites australis guides ...
Strategies for a successful plant invasion: the reproduction of Phragmites australis in north‐eastern North America ... invasiveness of Phragmites australis ...
[23]
REEXAMINING ECOLOGICAL ROLES AND MANAGEMENT ...
Phragmites australis, while invasive, may benefit wetland stability, water quality, and carbon sequestration. Management methods are explored, and an ...<|separator|>
[24]
What is a Reed Switch and How Does it Work? | Standex Electronics
A reed switch is an electromechanical switching device that contains two ferromagnetic blades in a hermetically sealed glass envelope.
[25]
A Brief History of the Reed Switch - HSI Sensing
May 27, 2019 · The first production lot “Reed Switches” hit the market in 1940 and in the late 1950s, the creation of quasi-electronic exchanges with a speech ...
[26]
The Structure and Principle of Reed Switch - ALIF Sensor
The reed switch was invented in 1936 by Walter B. Ellwood of Bell Telephone Laboratories. The overlapping magnetizable reeds at the two endpoints are sealed in ...
[27]
What is a Reed Switch and How Does it Work? | Arrow.com
Aug 14, 2018 · Reed switches don't require a permanent magnet to actuate them; an electromagnet relay can switch them on. Since Bell Labs initially developed ...
[28]
What is a Reed Relay? | Standex Electronics
You will find Reed relays used extensively throughout test and measurement, medical, alternative energy, and hybrid and electric mobility markets. That is ...How Do Reed Relays Work? · What's Unique About a Reed...Missing: engineering | Show results with:engineering
[29]
[PDF] Application Notes - Reed Relays - RS Online
The principal function of a high voltage reed relay is to isolate as high a voltage as possible, Cynergy3 achieve this through the use of evacuated reed ...
[30]
https://www.pickeringrelay.com/what-is-reed-relay/
[31]
FAQ: Reed Relays in Test & Measurement - Standex Electronics
Oct 29, 2024 · Reed relays are electromagnetic switches used in test & measurement to switch signals, offering high isolation, low resistance, and long life.
[32]
Reed valve in a two stroke engine – what it is and how it works?
Reed valve allows the mixture to move in only one direction – from the carburetor to the crankcase. It prevents the mixture from moving back to the carburetor.
[33]
ten things you need to know about motorcycle reed valves
May 26, 2020 · (2) A reed valve consists of flexible reed petals that sit over an opening in a wedge-shaped block. The block fits between the carburetor and ...
[34]
Mathematical Modelling of Reed Valve Behaviour in High Speed ...
30-day returnsSep 7, 1997 · Reed valves are the most common method used to control the intake of fresh air and fuel into the crankcase of a high performance two-stroke ...
[35]
special reed valves: testing on the engine bench - TKART
May 15, 2019 · Reed valves they are components of reed valve suction engines. ... This depression causes the reed valves to open so that the fresh air/petrol ...
[36]
Reed Switch - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
A reed switch is defined as a magnetically controlled switch consisting of two magnetizable reeds enclosed in a hermetically sealed housing, which close to ...
[37]
Understanding the Science behind Reed Switches
High Sensitivity: Reed switches can detect weak magnetic fields, allowing for precise and accurate switching in applications requiring delicate sensitivity.
[38]
Measuring the Magnetic Field of a Solenoid Using a Reed Relay
Dec 1, 2024 · The reed relay operates in the presence of a magnetic field. It contains two thin ferromagnetic blades and electric contacts at the ends (see ...
[39]
Reed relay's role in IC testing - Toward Technologies, Inc.
In IC testing, reed relays are used to connect and disconnect various pins and components of the IC, allowing for various tests and measurements to be performed ...Why Are Multi-Channel... · Why Are Reed Relays'... · Signal Integrity<|control11|><|separator|>
[40]
[PDF] TEsTING REED swITCHEs aND RELaYs fOR RELIabILITY
The rapid switching time of reed relays allows them to be cycled up to about 200Hz – thus, a 100 million cycle test would take 4 .8 days to complete, and ...
[41]
Build a Reed Switch Motor | Science Project
This electronics science project involves building a simple motor that uses a reed switch, and testing how the voltage affects the motor's speed.
[42]
https://www.pickeringrelay.com/reed-relay-comparison/
[43]
Reed-Sternberg Cells - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
Feb 24, 2025 · When the cells are mononucleated, they are called Hodgkin cells; when multinucleated, they are called Reed-Sternberg cells.[1] The classic Reed ...
[44]
Dorothy Reed and Hodgkin's disease: a reflection after a century
It has now been 100 years since Dorothy Reed, at the age of 28, wrote her paper on Hodgkin's disease. Her biography reveals the difficult lives of women.
[45]
Reed's Syndrome - PMC - NIH
Multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomatosis (MCUL), also known as Reed's syndrome, is a rare genodermatosis, with an autosomal dominant pattern of ...
[46]
Reed Syndrome: A Varied Presentation - PMC - NIH
Jul 14, 2021 · Reed's syndrome (RS) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas.
[47]
Spitz/Reed nevi: a review of clinical-dermatoscopic and histological ...
Spitz/Reed nevi are melanocytic lesions that may mimic melanoma at clinical, dermatoscopic and histopathological levels.<|separator|>
[48]
Major Walter Reed and the Eradication of Yellow Fever
U.S. Army surgeon Major Walter Reed and his discovery of the causes of yellow fever is one of the most important contributions in the field of medicine and ...
[49]
Walter Reed (1851-1902) | American Experience | Official Site - PBS
Walter Reed is known today for the Army medical center that bears his name. But a century ago he was known as the Army officer who helped defeat one of the ...
[50]
[PDF] Arundo donax: Source of Musical Reeds and Industrial Cellulose
Aug 6, 2014 · Arundo donax is used for musical reeds, cellulose for rayon, and considered for paper pulp. It has been used for music for 5,000 years.
[51]
Arundo Donax | The Plant - Capitol Cane
Arundo donax is the scientific name of the plant that all musical instrument reeds come from. The plant is in the grass family and is not directly related ...
[52]
Harvesting and curing Arundo donax for reed cane
Feb 12, 2016 · The cane should be harvested when its first year growth leaves are drooping in the dormant stage. Soil temps should be in the 30s for best results.
[53]
Oboe and English Horn - Singin Dog Double Reed
3–10 day delivery 30-day returnsNov 2, 2022 · Arundo Donax can grow from 20-30 feet high. Oboe reeds are made from the part of the plant that measures 10-11 mm in diameter. Oboists and ...
[54]
11.3 Reed instruments - Euphonics
The reed is a tapered, flexible piece of natural cane or synthetic material, which is clamped against the rigid tube wall. The player seals their lips around ...
[55]
What Are Double Reed Instruments? - The Vault at Music & Arts
Generally, the instruments that fall into the double reed family include the bassoon, oboe, and English horn. Unless you already know which instrument you'd ...
[56]
Good Vibrations: Free-Reed Instruments at the Met
Dec 10, 2015 · Free reeds have been used in instrument making in the Far East and Southeast Asia since antiquity. A beautiful Japanese shō in the Museum's ...Missing: types | Show results with:types
[57]
[PDF] Free Reeds: An Intertwined Tale of Asian and Western Musical ...
Free reed instruments use a reed that swings freely through an open frame to generate sound. The Western reed is mounted outside the frame, while the Asian ...
[58]
What Are Single Reed Instruments? - The Vault at Music & Arts
Most modern-day single reed instruments are descended from single reed idioglot instruments collectively referred to as the “memet”. The memet originated in ...
[59]
WESTERN FREE REED INSTRUMENTS - Pat Missin
The person generally credited with the first free reed to be made in the Western world is Christian Gottlieb Kratzenstein (1723-1795), Professor of Physiology ...
[60]
Reed Instrument - Overview, History, Mechanism, & Types - ipassio
History of Reed Instruments. The earliest reed instruments were made from natural materials like reeds, bamboo, or animal bones. They typically featured a ...
[61]
The Complete List Of Double Reed Instruments | Music Voices
Jul 15, 2024 · The first known double-reed instrument was the aulos, a Greek instrument used in religious ceremonies and theatrical performances.
[62]
The birth of the clarinet - Musical Instrument Guide
It is generally said to have been invented by the Nuremberg instrument maker Johann Christoph Denner at the start of the eighteenth century. A similar ...<|separator|>
[63]
The Story of the Birth of the Oboe - Musical Instrument Guide
... originated sometime around the mid 17th century in France. Of course, double-reed wind instruments such as the reed flute were in use in Europe even before then ...
[64]
A BRIEF HISTORY OF MOUTH BLOWN FREE REED INSTRUMENTS
The usual "history" relates that a sheng was brought over to Europe in the 18th century and this started a wave of experimentation that lead to the development ...
[65]
Mission & History - About Reed
Reed College was founded in 1908, and its first classes were held in 1911. Reed is named for Oregon pioneers Simeon and Amanda Reed. Simeon Reed had been an ...
[66]
Reed College - The Oregon Encyclopedia
Jun 23, 2022 · Situated on 116 acres in southeast Portland, Reed College enrolls nearly 1400 undergraduates each year from all over the world.
[67]
Reed College - Colleges That Change Lives
Reed College is a private, independent, coeducational liberal arts college in Portland, Oregon, with a 9:1 student-faculty ratio and a 116-acre campus.Missing: institutions named
[68]
Academics - Reed College
Discover Reed College's unique academic experience, which includes rigorous coursework and close collaboration with faculty. Explore our 38 majors and apply ...Divisions & Departments · Find your program · Meet Our Faculty · Honor Principle<|control11|><|separator|>
[69]
To help new students adapt, some colleges are eliminating grades
Mar 26, 2023 · At Reed College in Oregon, students aren't shown their grades so that they can "focus on learning, not on grades," the college says.
[70]
10 Colleges Without Letter Grades | BestCollegeReviews
Reed College differentiates their grading system from that of conventional colleges by identifying the negative pressure that the traditional grading system has ...
[71]
Facts & History | Reedley College
Reedley College was established in 1926, moved to its current campus in 1956, became Kings River Community College in 1980, and was renamed Reedley College in ...
[72]
Reedley College - State Center Community College District
Reedley College serves about 10,600 students yearly, offering associate degrees, transfer options, certificates, and occupational programs like forestry and ...
[73]
Reedley College in Reedley, CA | US News Education
Reedley College is a public institution in Reedley, CA, with 6,796 students, a 16-to-1 student-faculty ratio, and open admissions. In-state tuition is $1,304.
[74]
RELX Group Is the World's Biggest Publisher
Oct 11, 2019 · The new book publishing leader is RELX Group (formerly known as Reed Elsevier), which posted publishing revenue of $5.28 billion last year.
[75]
Reed Business Information - Crunchbase Company Profile & Funding
Reed Business Information, the largest business-to-business publisher in the US, offers business professionals in the media, manufacturing, electronics, ...
[76]
Reed Business Information US - Company Profile and News
Reed Business Information operates as a provider of business-related communication and information channels. The Company offers products and services such ...
[77]
Reed Business Information announces sale of Reed ... - RELX
Jan 11, 2013 · Reed Business Information Australia was sold to Catalyst Investment Managers, a leading Australasian private equity firm, to focus on paid ...
[78]
Reed Business Information - LinkedIn
Reed Business Information | 1040 followers on LinkedIn. This page is no longer active. Reed Business Information and RBI brands are now part of LexisNexis ...
[79]
Robert D Reed Publishers Making This a Better World One Book at ...
With over 200 titles produced, Robert D. Reed Publishers brings an engaging dynamic list of titles to readers—books to enlighten the spirit, enhance life ...
[80]
Reed Publishing Co.
Learn, develop, and be personally inspired through our print, apparel, and digital-based media products. From timeless to future ideas and insights, ...J.D. Reed · Dr. Mark Avery Reed · Folder · BooksMissing: companies | Show results with:companies
[81]
Walter Reed and the Scourge of Yellow Fever - UVA Today
Nov 13, 2019 · UVA alumnus Walter Reed led the US Army Yellow Fever Commission in Cuba. The team proved that yellow fever was spread by mosquitoes.
[82]
Politics of Participation: Walter Reed's Yellow-Fever Experiments
Reed's experiments were a scientific success and instrumental in establishing that yellow fever was a mosquito-borne illness.
[83]
Bio - Lou Reed Archive
Two-time Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductee and Velvet Underground frontman Lou Reed (1942-2013) was a young songwriter, seeking to navigate his sound and ...
[84]
Lou Reed | About Lou Reed | American Masters | PBS
Lou Reed was born in Brooklyn in March of 1942 and grew up in Freeport, Long Island. Greatly influenced by the popular Rhythm and Blues of the time, Reed ...
[85]
Ishmael Reed | The Poetry Foundation
Ishmael Reed has published over 30 books of poetry, prose, essays, and plays, as well as penned hundreds of lyrics for musicians ranging from Taj Mahal to Macy ...
[86]
About Ishmael Reed | Academy of American Poets
Ishmael Reed - Born in 1938, Ishmael Reed is the author of many collections of poems and essays, as well as several novels, and he is also well known for ...
[87]
Oliver Reed - Biography - IMDb
Robert Oliver Reed was an English actor known for his well-to-do, macho image and "hellraiser" lifestyle. His notable films include The Trap (1966), ...
[88]
Oliver Reed's Death: How Alcohol Killed The 'Gladiator' Actor
Feb 12, 2025 · Oliver Reed was once warned by a doctor that his heavy drinking could lead to his demise, and on May 2, 1999, he died of a heart attack at a pub in Malta.
[89]
Oliver Reed Movies & TV Shows List | Rotten Tomatoes
A versatile performer who made his living playing ruthless villains, actor Oliver Reed also developed a reputation as one of the bad boys of British cinema.
[90]
Rex Reed | Observer
Rex Reed, one of the most renowned film critics in American history, has been reviewing movies for the Observer for nearly the entirety of the paper's existence ...
[91]
Rex Reed - New York Film Critics Circle
Rex Reed has been reviewing movies for 62 years, written for every major newspaper, published nine books, acted in films starring Marlon Brando, Laurence ...
[92]
Rex Reed, the Last Great Movie Critic, Talks Shop - Air Mail
Mar 16, 2024 · Rex Reed is one of a dying breed—the pugnacious, no-holds-barred movie critic beholden to neither publicist nor star.
[93]
Reed Smoot - Bioguide Search
SMOOT, Reed, a Senator from Utah; born in Salt Lake City, Utah, January 10, 1862; moved with his parents to Provo, Utah County, Utah, in 1874.
[94]
Reed Owen Smoot: A Featured Biography - Senate.gov
Born in Salt Lake City in 1862, Reed Smoot became a successful entrepreneur and investor, as well as a leader in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day ...
[95]
Expulsion Case of Reed Smoot of Utah (1907) - Senate.gov
Reed Smoot served in the Senate for thirty years. At his death in 1941, he was third in line for the presidency of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day ...
[96]
Reed Hastings - Netflix
Reed Hastings is the Chairman of the board of directors of Netflix. He co-founded Netflix in 1997 and served as CEO for 25 years.
[97]
Reed Hastings - Forbes
Hastings cofounded Netflix in 1997, the same year he sold his first company, Pure Software. He took Netflix public in 2002. Netflix originally operated as a DVD ...
[98]
Reed Diamond - Biography - IMDb
Reed was born and raised in New York City. He studied acting at the Juilliard School, and made his professional debut co-starring in the movie Memphis Belle ( ...
[99]
Reed Diamond Movies & TV Shows List | Rotten Tomatoes
Born in Brooklyn and raised in Manhattan where he attended The Trinity School, the handsome, blond Diamond was bitten by the acting bug at an early age.
[100]
point in Hertfordshire. The village is about 3 miles - Reed Village
Reed sits on a chalk ridge at almost the highest point in Hertfordshire. The village is about 3 miles south of Royston, 15 miles south of Cambridge and 35 miles ...
[101]
Reed (Desha County) - Encyclopedia of Arkansas
Jun 16, 2023 · Reed is a small, predominately African-American community on U.S. Highway 65, established in the mid-20th century, with a population of 130. It ...
[102]
Reed - Undiscovered Maine
Reed Plantation also contains the village of Wytopitlock, known for its interesting name. ... For alternative activities, check out these nearby towns ...<|separator|>
[103]
Reed's Settlement, TX - Texas State Historical Association
Reed's Settlement was among the earliest Anglo communities in Panola County. It was founded by Isaac Reed, a Baptist minister who moved to Texas from Tennessee ...Missing: named | Show results with:named
[104]
Reed Flute Cave Guilin - Facts, Formation, Location, Entrance Fee
How Was Reed Flute Cave Formed? ... There are various stalagmites, stalactites, stone pillars, stone flags which have been forming since 180 million years ago.
[105]
China's Reed Flute Cave: A Natural Masterpiece with a Rich History
Feb 5, 2023 · The Reed Flute Cave is a limestone cave known for its beautiful natural rock formations, outdoor reeds, and ancient inscriptions, and is now a popular tourist ...
[106]
Reed Gold Mine - NC Historic Sites
Reed Gold Mine is the site of the first documented gold find in the United States. From this discovery, gold mining spread gradually to nearby counties.Missing: named | Show results with:named
[107]
Nathaniel P. Reed Hobe Sound National Wildlife Refuge
Mar 1, 2019 · Nathaniel P. Reed Hobe Sound National Wildlife Refuge contains the largest contiguous section of undeveloped beach in Southeastern FloridaVisit Us · Trails · Projects & Research · Rules & PoliciesMissing: named | Show results with:named
[108]
Reed Bingham State Park | Department Of Natural Resources Division
Experience adventurous waters, a relaxing campground and diverse ecosystems through recreation and learning at Reed Bingham State Park.Trails · Reed Bingham Campground... · Swimming · FishingMissing: landmarks | Show results with:landmarks
[109]
common reed (Phragmites australis australis) - Species Profile
Phragmites australis subsp. australis is a perennial reed that grows from elongated rhizomes or stolons; 1-6 meters tall, forms dense stands.
[110]
What is the reed? - Musical Instrument Guide - Yamaha Corporation
The reed is made of the cane plant.The cane has a hollow stem and grows to full height in one year. To make a reed, cane is cut to the proper length, cut along ...
[111]
What is a reed? | Adams Musical Instruments
A reed is used to initiate a sound vibration in a woodwind instrument, such as a saxophone, clarinet, oboe, or bassoon. This occurs between the mouthpiece ...
[112]
All about Reeds | Weaving Resources - Eugene Textile Center
A reed is designed to keep your warp threads consistently at a particular width apart. We measure reads by their 'dent,' or Ends Per Inch (EPI).
[113]
What are the modern equivalents of biblical weights and measures?
Jan 4, 2022 · Reed (6 cubits) 2.7 m 8 3/4 ft or 3 yds. Cubit (2 spans, sometimes translated “yard,” “half a yard,” or “foot”) 0.5 m 18 in. Span (1/2 cubit ...<|separator|>
[114]
Measuring Reed Meaning - Bible Definition and References
The length of the reed is given as 6 cubits, each cubit being a cubit and a palm, ie the large cubit of 7 palms, or about 10 ft.