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SV

Silicon Valley is a high-technology hub encompassing the southern in , particularly the , where dense clusters of , software, and firms have pioneered innovations since the mid-20th century. The region's ascent began with Stanford University's engineering programs and early ventures like , founded in a Palo Alto garage in 1939, evolving through the 1950s "" departure from Shockley Semiconductor to form Fairchild, which spawned and catalyzed the revolution. This ecosystem has produced defining technologies such as the , personal computing, and digital platforms, with Stanford-linked enterprises alone generating approximately $2.7 trillion in annual global revenues as of assessments in the early 2010s, underpinned by robust inflows exceeding $69 billion in recent years. Silicon Valley's culture of rapid iteration and risk tolerance has driven unprecedented economic output, yet it has also amplified disparities, with growth surging 74% over two decades while inflation-adjusted wages declined for nearly 90% of , alongside instances of startup and overhyped ventures that underscore vulnerabilities in its high-stakes model.

Places

El Salvador

El Salvador is a sovereign in designated by the code SV, which is employed in international standards including the .sv internet country code top-level domain and vehicle registration plates. The nation declared independence from on September 15, 1821, as part of the broader Central American independence movement, later separating from the in 1841 to function as a standalone . With a population of approximately 6.3 million as of 2024, its capital is , and its geography encompasses a 307-kilometer Pacific coastline interspersed with volcanic mountain ranges and fertile central plateaus. Since the 2019 election of President , who secured re-election on February 4, 2024, has pursued policies prioritizing empirical security and economic innovation. In September 2021, it became the first country to adopt as alongside the U.S. dollar, aiming to enhance for the and reduce costs, though adoption has faced volatility and limited merchant uptake. Bukele's administration implemented a territorial control plan against entrenched gangs such as and Barrio 18, declaring a on March 27, 2022, which suspended and other constitutional protections to enable mass detentions. This resulted in over 75,000 arrests by mid-2024, with the construction of the Center for the Confinement of Terrorism (CECOT) mega-prison, designed for 40,000 inmates, to house high-risk gang members under strict conditions including no visitation or recreation. The policy correlated with a sharp decline in , as the rate fell from 38 per 100,000 inhabitants in 2019—driven by gang extortions and turf wars—to 1.9 per 100,000 in 2024, with only 114 murders recorded that year, 112 solved. Independent analyses attribute the reduction to the disruption of gang command structures rather than displacement to other crimes, with no proportional increase in extrajudicial deaths evident in official statistics or cross-verified low overall lethality figures. Prior gang truce experiments under leftist governments from 2009–2012 failed to sustain reductions, yielding higher and eventual spikes, underscoring the causal efficacy of sustained incarceration over negotiated accommodations.

Silicon Valley

Silicon Valley refers to the southern portion of the in , centered on the and extending roughly from to San Jose, serving as a hub for high-technology innovation. The region's semiconductor industry originated in the post-World War II era, with foundational developments including the establishment of in 1957 by eight engineers departing from William Shockley's lab, which pioneered silicon transistor production and spawned numerous spin-offs known as the "Fairchildren." This laid the groundwork for integrated circuit advancements, exemplified by Intel's founding in 1968 by and , former Fairchild executives, which accelerated microprocessor development and computing scalability. The 1970s and 1980s saw an explosion in funding, enabling rapid scaling of startups through equity investments that rewarded high-risk, high-reward engineering breakthroughs over bureaucratic oversight. Key outcomes included Apple's incorporation in 1976 by , , and in Cupertino, which democratized personal computing via the and II. Similarly, Google's founding in 1998 by and introduced transformative search algorithms, leveraging the region's talent density and capital access to achieve market dominance. These dynamics fostered a culture of iterative experimentation, where failures like the "valley of death" for early-stage ventures—often cited in critiques of high attrition rates (with only about 1% of startups reaching unicorn status globally)—are offset by outsized successes driven by merit-based selection and resource reallocation. Economically, Silicon Valley's core counties generate over $500 billion in annual GDP, powering global advancements in semiconductors and software through private enterprise clustering that amplifies productivity via knowledge spillovers. In recent years, it maintains leadership in , with firms like (valued at hundreds of billions by 2025) and xAI advancing large language models and scientific computing from Bay Area bases. underscores that excessive acts as a causal barrier, equivalent to a 2.5% profit tax reducing overall by 5.4%, as venture-backed firms thrive under lighter-touch environments that prioritize causal experimentation over compliance costs. This free-market has produced disproportionate unicorn creation rates, with Silicon Valley accounting for a significant share of U.S. deep-tech through founder-led risk-taking rather than state-directed initiatives.

Languages

Swedish language

Swedish (svenska) is a within the Indo-European family, closely related to Danish and . It is spoken natively by approximately 10 million people, primarily in where it serves as the , and by a minority in . The code for is "sv," which is used in and digital standards. Grammatically, Swedish exhibits verb-second (V2) word order in main clauses, where the finite verb follows the subject or another constituent, and definite articles appear as suffixes on nouns rather than as separate words (e.g., bok "book" becomes boken "the book" for common gender singular). These features distinguish it from many other that use preposed articles and more flexible word orders. Swedish evolved from , the common ancestor of the spoken during the (circa 793–1066 CE), transitioning through Old Swedish (roughly 1225–1526) into its modern form. Standardization occurred primarily in the 19th and early 20th centuries, influenced by literary works and national efforts to unify dialects, resulting in a relatively uniform standard variety today. In literature, Swedish has been central to authors like (1849–1912), whose novels and plays, such as The Red Room (1879), exemplify its expressive capabilities and contributed to modern Swedish prose development. In and , the locale code "sv-SE" designates as used in , specifying conventions for date formats, sorting, and software interfaces to ensure cultural and linguistic accuracy. This code supports applications handling text, including support for its 29-letter alphabet with additional characters like å, ä, and ö.

Politics and organizations

Political parties

The Sosialistisk Venstreparti (SV), or Socialist Left Party, is a Norwegian democratic socialist party founded in 1975 as a merger of the Socialist People's Party and Labour Party dissidents opposed to Norwegian membership in the European Economic Community. The party promotes ecosocialism, emphasizing public ownership, wealth redistribution through progressive taxation, expanded welfare, and aggressive climate policies including divestment from fossil fuels. SV participated in the center-left red-green coalition government from 2005 to 2013, advancing initiatives like increased child allowances and renewable energy investments, amid Norway's GDP growth averaging 1.5% annually from 2005 to 2013, buoyed by oil exports exceeding $100 billion yearly. However, SV's advocacy for higher public spending has drawn scrutiny for potentially straining fiscal discipline; the Government Pension Fund Global, managing over $1.5 trillion in oil revenues as of 2024, operates under a 3% annual withdrawal rule to avert inflation and dependency, a framework SV supports but seeks to adapt for greater ethical divestments totaling $14 billion from tobacco and certain arms producers since 2019. In , the Vänsterpartiet (Left Party, abbreviated V), with historical Marxist roots until renouncing in 1990, aligns ideologically with SV-like ecosocialist platforms, pushing for of key industries and opposition to membership. The party critiques wealth concentration, proposing a 5% annual on fortunes over 10 million kronor, amid Sweden's public debt at 34% of GDP in ; empirical analyses link expansive and open migration policies—supported historically by left coalitions—to net fiscal costs of 1-2% of GDP annually from non-Western , contributing to welfare strain without commensurate gains. El Salvador's political shift under , founded by President in 2017 after breaking from the leftist FMLN, exemplifies a pivot from socialist-leaning toward security-focused , unrelated to SV abbreviation but tied to the country's ISO code. Bukele's administration implemented a 2022 suspending to combat gangs, slashing rates from 18 per 100,000 in 2021 to under 3 by 2024, alongside Bitcoin adoption as in 2021 to spur remittances and investment, yielding $400 million in gains by mid-2024 despite volatility. This contrasts prior FMLN rule (2009-2019), marked by persistent poverty above 25% and gang violence, underscoring causal trade-offs in prioritizing order over expansive social programs.

Other organizations

SV Health Investors is a Boston-based and specializing in healthcare investments, including , therapeutics, medtech, diagnostics, and healthcare services. Founded in 1993, the firm manages diversified funds across global stages and sectors, with a focus on innovative companies advancing patient care. In May 2025, its Discovery Fund achieved a final close of $269 million for DDF-2, targeting novel therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. By 2025, SV Health Investors had made five new investments in the prior 12 months, maintaining an active portfolio of 255 companies. Studieförbundet Vuxenskolan, commonly abbreviated SV, operates as Sweden's second-largest adult education association, providing non-formal learning through study circles, lectures, and cultural programs nationwide. Established in 1967, SV emphasizes folkbildning—popular education accessible to all adults—covering topics from personal development to societal issues, with activities in every Swedish county. As a non-profit entity among Sweden's nine study associations, it receives public funding to promote democratic participation and lifelong learning, hosting thousands of local initiatives annually without ideological mandates. The (S.V.), a contemplative/active Catholic community of women religious, was founded on June 1, 1991, in to protect and enhance human life. Members profess traditional vows of , , and , plus a fourth vow specifically for the defense of life, serving pregnant women facing crisis pregnancies, offering retreats, and evangelizing on life's dignity. The order has grown to over 100 sisters across multiple convents in the United States and beyond, operating independently of political structures while rooted in doctrine.

Science and technology

Physics and measurement (Sievert)

The sievert (symbol: Sv) is the of , effective dose, and stochastic health effects from , defined as 1 Sv = 1 joule per kilogram (J/kg). It quantifies the biological impact of by weighting the , measured in (Gy), by a radiation weighting factor (formerly quality factor, Q) that accounts for the of different types, such as photons, neutrons, or alpha particles. For example, for gamma rays or X-rays, the weighting factor is 1, so 1 Gy equals 1 Sv, whereas for neutrons it ranges from 5 to 20 depending on energy. The unit equals 100 , the older CGS system equivalent, facilitating transitions in standards. The name "" was adopted by the 15th Conférence Générale des Poids et Mesures (CGPM) in 1975 to honor (1896–1966), a who pioneered measurements. established the Radiumhemmet Physics Laboratory in in 1920, developing instruments like the Sievert condenser chamber for precise and radium , and conducted early studies on distribution and tissue dose from the to . His work emphasized empirical quantification of exposure risks, influencing international standards through chairmanship of the International and Radium Protection Committee. In practice, the is applied in occupational and monitoring within operations, where annual limits are set at 20 mSv averaged over five years (50 mSv maximum in one year) for workers, and medical procedures like scans or radiotherapy, where patient doses might range from 1–50 mSv per exam. Measurements involve personal dosimeters calibrated to tissue-equivalent phantoms, integrating with tissue weighting factors for effective dose across organs. The unit enables comparison of risks from diverse sources, such as cosmic rays (about 0.3 mSv/year at ) versus controlled exposures. Equivalent dose in sieverts underpins assessments of stochastic effects, primarily cancer induction, often modeled via the linear no-threshold (LNT) hypothesis assuming proportional risk from any dose without a safe threshold. However, epidemiological data from Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors indicate no statistically significant cancer excess below approximately 100–200 mSv, with risk coefficients aligning more closely with threshold or hormetic models at low doses, challenging LNT's linearity extrapolation from high-dose data. Deterministic effects, like acute radiation syndrome, require doses exceeding 1 Sv, manifesting as tissue damage with clear thresholds. These findings underscore the need for dose-response models grounded in survivor cohorts rather than unchecked low-dose assumptions.

Biology and virology (SV40)

Simian virus 40 () is a polyomavirus originally isolated from cells, with its discovery reported in 1960 during routine safety testing of vaccines. The is a small, non-enveloped approximately 40-50 nanometers in diameter, featuring a circular double-stranded of about 5.2 kilobases that encodes early proteins like large T-antigen and small t-antigen, which disrupt regulation and promote transformation in susceptible cells. replicates in the of permissive host cells, such as those of , and can establish persistent infections without overt symptoms in its , the . SV40 gained prominence due to inadvertent human exposure via contaminated inactivated and oral vaccines produced between 1955 and 1963, when monkey kidney cultures served as the propagation substrate without initial detection of extraneous agents. An estimated 10-30% of administered doses in the United States during this period contained viable , exposing tens of millions of recipients, including children and adults vaccinated against poliomyelitis. Regulatory oversight at the time relied on limited virological screening, which failed to identify SV40 until its cytopathic effects were observed in vaccine lots post-1959, highlighting deficiencies in adventitious agent testing protocols for early biological products. Vaccine production shifted to SV40-free cell lines by 1963, eliminating further contamination. In virological terms, SV40 demonstrates potent oncogenicity in rodent models, inducing a spectrum of malignancies including ependymomas, osteosarcomas, mesotheliomas, and lymphomas following inoculation, mediated by T-antigen inactivation of tumor suppressors like p53 and Rb. Hamsters, in particular, develop mesotheliomas and brain tumors with high penetrance, underscoring the virus's transforming capacity in vivo. In humans, SV40 DNA sequences and T-antigen expression have been detected in subsets of tumors such as pleural mesotheliomas, primary brain cancers, bone tumors, and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, with prevalence rates in some studies exceeding 60% for mesotheliomas compared to controls. However, these molecular findings remain contentious, with conflicting reports attributing detections to laboratory plasmid contamination rather than native viral integration, and geographical variations in prevalence challenging consistent causality. Epidemiological analyses of cohorts exposed to SV40-contaminated vaccines, including over 1 million individuals tracked in the United States and , have not revealed statistically significant elevations in overall cancer incidence or specific tumor types like ependymomas, osteosarcomas, or mesotheliomas attributable to the virus. For instance, a Danish of polio-vaccinated populations from 1955-1961 found no excess risk of SV40-associated malignancies through 1997, despite serological evidence of exposure. Similarly, U.S. data post-exposure show no of virally induced cancers, suggesting that while SV40 may persist asymptomatically or integrate sporadically in tissues, it lacks sufficient oncogenic potency to drive population-level disease under typical exposure doses. This discrepancy between rodent oncogenicity and underscores the challenges in extrapolating animal model risks to , where host restriction factors likely attenuate viral transforming potential. Ongoing prioritizes mechanistic studies over alarmist interpretations, given the absence of causal from large-scale data.

Sports

Statistics and records

In baseball, SV is the standard abbreviation for a save, a statistic credited to a relief pitcher who finishes a game for the winning team while meeting specific criteria outlined in Major League Baseball's Official Rule 9.19. These conditions include entering the game with a lead of no more than three runs and pitching at least one inning, or with the potential tying run either on base, at bat, or on deck (regardless of the lead), or pitching effectively for at least three innings; the pitcher must not be credited with the win, and the pitcher's team must secure the victory. Saves have been officially tracked in MLB since the 1969 season, with the first recorded save awarded to Los Angeles Dodgers pitcher Bill Singer on April 7, 1969. Prior informal tracking existed, but the 1969 adoption standardized the metric to quantify relief pitching effectiveness in close games. Career records highlight the evolution of specialized closers: holds the all-time MLB lead with 652 saves, achieved primarily with the New York Yankees from 1996 to 2013. ranks second with 601 saves, followed by Lee Smith with 478. Single-season benchmarks include Francisco Rodríguez's 62 saves in 2008 for the , the highest total to date, reflecting strategic shifts toward high-leverage relief usage that correlates empirically with in simulations and advanced metrics like Win Probability Added. Beyond , SV% denotes save percentage in , particularly in the NHL, calculated as the ratio of saves to total shots on goal faced, expressed as a (e.g., .920 means 92% of shots stopped). A save percentage above .915 is generally considered elite at the professional level, with career leaders like at .922 (minimum 100 games) demonstrating its predictive value for team playoff success in regression models analyzing goaltending impact on outcomes. In soccer, SV% similarly measures goalkeepers' shot-stopping efficiency, though saves (SV) are also tallied absolutely, with empirical studies linking higher percentages to reduced goals against and improved match win rates.

Clubs and teams

In German-speaking countries, particularly and , "SV" frequently denotes Sportverein, a type of multi-sport club emphasizing amateur and professional athletic pursuits, with sections often achieving national prominence. These clubs typically feature member-based , aligning with traditions of community involvement in sports associations. Hamburger SV, founded on 1 December 1888 through the merger of local gymnastics and football groups, stands as one of Germany's most historic SV entities. The club secured six German national championships (1922, 1923, 1928, 1960, 1979, 1982), three DFB-Pokale (1976, 1987, 2001), and European honors including the 1982–83 European Cup and the 1976–77 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup. SV Werder Bremen, established on 1 February 1899 as a workers' sports group, has claimed four titles (1965, 1988, 1993, 2004), six DFB-Pokale (1961, 1991, 1994, 2009), and two Cup Winners' Cups (1961, 1992). As a founding member in , it exemplifies sustained competitiveness under fan-centric models. Other notable SV clubs include , which rose from the fourth tier to Bundesliga promotion playoffs by 2023, highlighting adaptability in lower divisions. In Austria, , refounded in 2005 by supporters after corporate restructuring, competes in the second division while preserving member traditions. The prevalence of SV structures correlates with Germany's , mandating that club members retain over 50% of voting shares, which empirical analyses link to enhanced financial resilience—evidenced by Bundesliga clubs' average debt levels remaining below 50% of revenue in recent seasons, versus higher ratios in fully privatized leagues prone to insolvencies. This model prioritizes long-term viability over speculative investment, sustaining fan engagement and operational stability.

Transportation

Maritime

In maritime nomenclature, "SV" designates a sailing vessel, referring to primarily propelled by rather than mechanical power. This prefix has been used since the to classify ships dependent on wind for propulsion, distinguishing them from emerging steam-powered vessels during the transition from sail to mechanized shipping. A prominent historical example is the SV Cutty Sark, a composite-built clipper ship launched on November 22, 1869, in Dumbarton, Scotland, designed for the China tea trade and later wool transport from Australia. Measuring 212 feet in length with a beam of 36 feet, she exemplified the speed of tea clippers, capable of voyages like Shanghai to London in under 70 days under optimal conditions, though she never claimed the outright fastest record. Sailing vessels are technically classified by types, which determine handling and performance relative to . Square-rigged vessels, with sails set perpendicular to the on yards (horizontal spars), excel in downwind but struggle against the , limited to about 67 degrees off the ; examples include full-rigged ships like frigates with multiple masts fully square-rigged. In contrast, fore-and-aft rigged vessels use sails aligned parallel to the , often triangular or gaff-headed, allowing closer (within five points, or roughly 56 degrees) for better upwind ; common in schooners or cutters, this rig predominates in modern yachts and smaller craft. Hybrid rigs, such as barquentines with square forward and fore-and-aft aft, balance these traits for versatility. In contemporary usage, the SV prefix persists for tall ships—large, traditionally rigged vessels over 40 meters in length used for training, events, or heritage preservation—often in non-military contexts like the SV Tenacious, a launched in 2000 for accessible . These craft maintain historical sail configurations while complying with international regulations prioritizing sailing vessels in collision avoidance under COLREGS.

Automotive

In , SV denotes side-valve engines, also known as flathead or L-head designs, in which the intake and exhaust valves are positioned in the laterally adjacent to the cylinders, rather than in the overhead . This configuration allows for a simpler, shallower and eliminates the need for complex components like pushrods or overhead camshafts in early implementations. Side-valve engines were prevalent in mass-produced vehicles from the early 1900s through the mid-20th century, offering manufacturing advantages through integrated casting of valve ports directly into the block, which reduced material costs and assembly complexity compared to overhead-valve () alternatives. A prominent example is the , produced from 1908 to 1927, which utilized a 2.9-liter (177 ) inline-four side-valve engine delivering approximately 20 horsepower at low engine speeds, emphasizing durability and simplicity for widespread adoption in affordable transportation. The design's directed intake gases downward into the block before turning upward to the combustion chamber, prioritizing ease of production over optimal airflow. This architecture contributed to the Model T's mechanical reliability in an era of rudimentary machining capabilities, with over 15 million units built, but it inherently limited due to the tortuous path of gases, resulting in higher heat retention and reduced power density. Side-valve engines excelled in low-end production suitable for heavy loads and low-revving applications, as the compact enabled robust bottom-end strength without the added weight or failure points of overhead mechanisms; for instance, flathead V8 variants in trucks through the 1940s provided strong pulling power at speeds below 3,000 RPM. However, they suffered disadvantages in and emissions control, with combustion chambers prone to hotspots that promoted knocking and restricted ratios typically below 7:1, yielding fuel economies 10-20% inferior to contemporary engines under comparable displacements. In contrast, OHV designs facilitated straighter port geometries and higher airflow velocities, enabling greater horsepower per liter—evident in post-1930s transitions where side-valve curves peaked earlier but flattened sooner than OHV counterparts, limiting high-speed performance. By the 1950s, regulatory pressures for improved and reduced emissions, coupled with advances in casting for heads, accelerated the obsolescence of side-valve engines in passenger cars; Ford ceased production in U.S. light vehicles by 1953, with lingering use in trucks until 1954 and the final U.S. flathead-equipped car, the , ending in 1960. Empirical comparisons from era dyno tests showed side-valve engines achieving peak torque at 1,800-2,500 RPM but with overall brake thermal efficiencies around 20-25%, versus 28-30% for early inline-sixes, underscoring the design's unsuitability for modern performance demands. Remaining applications shifted to or , where cost trumped efficiency.

Cryptocurrency and computing

Bitcoin SV

Bitcoin SV (BSV) is a and that originated as a hard fork of on November 15, 2018, at block height 556,766, resulting in a split due to disagreements over upgrades and governance. The fork was championed by nChain and proponents including Craig Wright, who has publicly claimed to be , 's pseudonymous creator, though a March 2024 ruling by Mr. Justice Mellor determined Wright is not , finding he "lied to the Court extensively and repeatedly" on the matter and lacked credible evidence such as control over early keys. BSV's stated aim is to restore and implement the original as outlined in 's 2008 whitepaper, emphasizing unbounded block sizes to enable massive on-chain scalability for real-world transaction volumes, contrasting with 's 1 MB block limit (later effectively expanded via but still constraining base-layer throughput to around 7 ). Technically, BSV removes artificial caps on block sizes, allowing operators to process gigabyte-scale blocks limited only by and propagation, which supporters argue aligns with causal requirements for a system capable of handling global payment volumes without reliance on secondary layers that introduce complexity and trust assumptions. This design facilitates applications such as immutable data timestamping, provenance tracking, and large-scale verification, where verifiable on-chain records provide tamper-proof audit trails superior to centralized . In 2025, BSV launched Teranode, a microservices-based enabling horizontal scaling and parallel validation, with demonstrated capacity exceeding 1 million in tests and support for up to 100 billion daily transactions via efficient storage like Aerospike . Empirical data from BSV's shows sustained blocks over 1 GB since 2020, achieving up to 14,000 TPS in operational benchmarks, though average daily transaction volumes remain modest at under 100,000 as of mid-2025, reflecting limited mainstream adoption amid broader dynamics. Proponents contend that small-block policies in and similar chains impose , elevating fees during congestion (e.g., 's 2017 peak fees exceeding $50 per ) and undermining as a , whereas BSV's approach prioritizes throughput to match Visa-level volumes (around 65,000 peak) directly on-chain, with network effects driven by economic incentives rather than enforced limits. Claims of centralization risks from large blocks lack supporting data; BSV maintains over 100 public s globally, and propagation delays are mitigated by technologies like compact blocks and fiber-optic infrastructure, preserving where node operators can prune or archive data as needed without compromising full validation. BSV's market price peaked at $489 in April 2021 but traded around $23 as of October 2025, with a under $500 million, influenced by regulatory scrutiny on Wright's legal actions—including a December 2024 contempt finding for violating court orders—and delistings from exchanges like in 2019 over development disputes. Despite controversies, BSV's enables low-fee micropayments and use cases, with pilots in sectors like and tokenization demonstrating feasibility for high-volume, verifiable ledgers.

Entertainment and media

Pokémon Scarlet and Violet

Pokémon Scarlet and Violet are paired role-playing video games developed by Game Freak and published by Nintendo and The Pokémon Company for the Nintendo Switch, released worldwide on November 18, 2022. The games mark the ninth generation of the core Pokémon series, introducing players to the Paldea region, a vast open-world area modeled after the Iberian Peninsula with diverse biomes including lakes, mountains, and wastelands. Unlike prior entries' linear paths, Scarlet and Violet emphasize free exploration via rideable legendary Pokémon—Koraidon in Scarlet and Miraidon in Violet—allowing traversal without loading screens. Key mechanics include the Terastal phenomenon, enabling Pokémon to temporarily adopt a "Tera Type" via , boosting attacks of that type and altering battle dynamics, such as gaining STAB on non-natural types. The games feature over 100 new Pokémon species from Generation IX, alongside returning ones, and support multiplayer co-op for up to four players in raids and exploration. Breeding systems saw enhancements for efficiency, including inherited IVs and egg moves, while Tera Raid Battles pit players against powerful Terastallized bosses for rewards like rare items. Reception highlighted innovative elements like seamless open-world freedom and narrative depth in the main storylines—Victory Road gyms, Path of Legends , and Starfall Street villains—but was marred by severe technical shortcomings at launch, including frequent frame rate drops below 30 , texture pop-in, clipping glitches, and unresponsive controls. These issues stemmed from the engine's inability to handle the open-world scope on Switch hardware, leading to issue a public apology in December 2022 and release patches addressing some bugs, though core performance problems persisted. Despite this, empirical data shows strong player retention: combined sales reached 26.79 million units as of March 31, 2025, surpassing Sword and Shield to become the second-best-selling Pokémon title ever. The Hidden Treasure of Area Zero DLC expansion pass, released in two parts—The Teal Mask in September 2023 and The Indigo Disk in December 2023—added new areas like Kitakami and the Blueberry Academy, more Pokémon, and story content, boosting engagement with updated raid mechanics and paradox forms. Ongoing in-game events, such as 2025 Tera Raid Battles featuring bosses like Mighty Porygon2 (June 5–15) and Kommo-o (July 10–13), alongside mass outbreaks, demonstrate sustained activity, with players capturing shiny variants and earning event-exclusive rewards. These updates reflect developer responsiveness to feedback, prioritizing content additions over full technical overhauls, as evidenced by continued high sales velocity post-DLC.

Other uses

Abbreviations and terms

s.v. or SV is an derived from the Latin phrase sub verbo or sub voce, meaning "under the word," employed in dictionaries, encyclopedias, and indexes to indicate a to a specific entry. This convention originates from classical citation practices and directs readers to consult the referenced term for further details. In environmental regulatory enforcement, particularly under U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) policies for , SV denotes a Secondary Violator, categorizing facilities with violations that do not meet the threshold for Significant Non-Compliance (SNC) but still require corrective action. Such designations trigger informal responses, such as notices of violation, to address non-recalcitrant noncompliance without escalating to formal penalties. In and contexts, SV can refer to Suggested Viewing, indicating recommended for , as noted in compilations and procedural documents. This usage appears in specialized glossaries but lacks widespread standardization outside niche applications.

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