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Stuff

Stuff is an English-language word with multiple meanings. This article disambiguates them into the following principal categories:
  • Language and usage of the word "stuff," including noun and verb definitions, etymology, and history
  • Stuff (company), a New Zealand-based media company operating the news website stuff.co.nz
  • Arts, entertainment, and media works titled or featuring "Stuff," including literature, film, television, music, and other media
  • Technology and computing applications, such as file compression software and other technical uses
  • Food, biology, and materials related to "stuffing," including culinary, biological, and textile contexts
  • People and surnames, including individuals named Stuff and notable pseudonyms or titles

Language and usage

Noun definitions

As a noun, "stuff" most commonly denotes a substance, , or unspecified group of objects, often used informally when the precise name is unknown, unimportant, or contextually obvious. For instance, it can describe physical items like belongings or household goods, as in "Where’s all my stuff?" This usage encompasses a , collective sense of tangible things without specificity. In a more abstract sense, "stuff" refers to general matters, activities, thoughts, or content, such as tasks or ideas, exemplified by phrases like "I've got loads of stuff to do today" or "Peter's had lots of interesting stuff in it." This extends to nonphysical elements, including miscellaneous objects or even substances consumed or introduced into the body, like or drugs. Formally or literarily, "stuff" signifies the essential quality, basis, or fundamental material of something, as in "the stuff of which dreams are made" or "Let’s see what stuff you’re made of," emphasizing core attributes or inherent capabilities. It can also denote special knowledge, skill, or performance potential, such as "a teacher who knows her stuff" or "showing their stuff." Historically rooted senses include materials for manufacturing, such as textiles like or for , or supplies and for specific activities, though some archaic uses like military baggage are obsolete. In sports, particularly , it describes the or movement imparted to a pitched to alter its .

Verb definitions

As a verb, "stuff" primarily denotes the of filling or packing something tightly, often by forcing into a container or until it is full. This usage, which dates back to , involves cramming or compressing items to occupy available volume, as in stuffing a with clothes or filling a with feathers. In culinary contexts, it specifically refers to filling the cavity of , , or other foods with a seasoned , such as stuffing a with breadcrumbs and herbs before . Another common transitive sense is to thrust or shove something forcefully into a confined area, implying urgency or roughness, for example, documents into a drawer or pushing into a . This can extend to informal expressions like "stuff it," where it means to disregard or abandon something, often in , as in rejecting an unwelcome idea. Intransitively, "stuff" can mean to eat greedily or in large quantities, particularly at a single sitting, evoking the image of overfilling oneself, such as stuffing oneself with snacks during a . This sense is predominantly informal and colloquial, highlighting excessive consumption without regard for moderation.

Etymology and history

The word "stuff" entered around 1330 as a borrowing from estoffe, originally denoting quilted material, fabric, furniture, or provisions, possibly derived from a Frankish term related to cramming or plugging, such as stoppōn or stopfon. In its earliest attestations, such as in the works of poet Robert Mannyng, it referred to material used under or as building stock, reflecting a sense of equipping or supplying. As a noun, "stuff" evolved in the to encompass military supplies and , expanding by the mid-15th century to general possessions, provisions, or any unspecified or substance. By the 1550s, it took on figurative meanings like "what a person is made of" or the of a thing, and in the 1570s, it began denoting worthless matter, as in the phrase "stuff and " attested by 1749. The modern sense of personal belongings or "things" emerged in the , while a specialized meaning for narcotics appeared in 1929. The verb form, "stuff," dates to the mid-14th century, derived from Old French estoffer meaning to furnish, pad, or upholster a place, often in a military context like reinforcing a with troops. Its first known uses include late 14th-century texts such as Joseph of Arimathie and Sir Gawain and the , where it described filling or cramming receptacles, evolving by c. 1400 to mean padding mattresses or clogging passages. In culinary contexts, it signified filling food like turkeys by 1747, and by the 1550s, it applied to ; later extensions include ballot-box stuffing in 1854 and dismissive expressions in 1952. This progression traces back to West Germanic roots like stoppōjan-, implying stopping up or cramming full, akin to Old English forstoppian.

Arts, entertainment, and media

Literature and books

The concept of "stuff" in often serves as a for material possessions, abstract ideas, or the tangible elements of human experience, appearing in both and works that examine , , , and . Notable books explore these themes through personal narratives, scientific analysis, and cultural critique, highlighting the emotional and societal attachments to objects. In , Steven Pinker's The Stuff of Thought: Language as a Window into Human Nature (2007) investigates how words, including those denoting "stuff" as conceptual or material substance, reveal innate human and . Published by Viking and a New York Times bestseller, the book uses everyday language examples to illustrate broader psychological insights, drawing on and . Annie Leonard's The Story of Stuff: How Our Obsession with Stuff Is Trashing the Planet, Our Communities, and Our Health—and a Vision for Change (2010), issued by Free Press, traces the lifecycle of consumer goods from extraction to disposal, critiquing linear economic models and advocating sustainable alternatives. Building on Leonard's influential 2007 documentary of the same name, it emphasizes environmental and social costs of materialism through accessible case studies and data on global resource use. Mark Miodownik's Stuff Matters: Exploring the Marvelous Materials That Shape Our Man-Made World (2013), published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, delves into the science and history of everyday materials like glass, steel, and foam, portraying "stuff" as the building blocks of modern life. As a professor of materials at University College London, Miodownik employs personal anecdotes and psychophysical explanations to convey how these substances influence human perception and innovation. Randy O. Frost and Gail Steketee's Stuff: Compulsive Hoarding and the Meaning of Things (2010), from , analyzes through clinical case studies, revealing how accumulated objects reflect deeper emotional needs, memory, and identity. The authors, experts in and , estimate that up to 6 million Americans experience , linking it to conditions like and offering insights into treatment approaches. In academic literature, E. A. Levenston's The Stuff of Literature: Physical Aspects of Texts and Their Relation to Literary Meaning (1992), published by State University of New York Press, examines the material form of texts—such as typography, punctuation, and layout—as integral to interpretation. Drawing examples from works by Chaucer, Shakespeare, and , Levenston argues that these "graphic substances" enhance or alter semantic meaning in , , and . Fiction incorporating "stuff" is rarer but includes Henry Slesar's "" (1961), originally published in magazine and available via . The narrative follows a paralyzed who uses a dream-inducing to experience an idealized life, questioning the boundaries between and fabricated experiences. These works collectively underscore "stuff" as a lens for understanding human attachment to the material and immaterial, influencing discussions in , , and .

Film, television, and characters

In film, "Stuff" appears in several titles, often evoking themes of , adventure, or comedy. The 1985 The Stuff, directed by , follows a mysterious yogurt-like substance that emerges from the ground and becomes a wildly popular dessert, only to turn consumers into mindless addicts in a satirical commentary on and corporate greed. Starring as an industrial saboteur investigating the product, alongside and , the film blends elements of with social critique, drawing comparisons to classics like The Blob. Released by , it grossed modestly but gained a for its low-budget effects and biting humor. Other notable films include the 2015 drama Stuff, directed by Suzanne Guacci, which explores the strains on a married couple raising two daughters amid and personal temptations, highlighting domestic tensions in life. Premiering at the Tribeca Film Festival, it features Yvonne Jung and in lead roles and received praise for its intimate portrayal of relational dynamics. The 2007 animated documentary short , created by environmental activist Annie Leonard, critiques the linear production-consumption-disposal model of goods, tracing their environmental and social impacts from extraction to waste. Running 20 minutes and narrated by Leonard, it has been viewed over 50 million times and inspired a broader project on sustainable practices. Earlier entries in the genre include the 1965 beach comedy How to Stuff a Wild Bikini, the fifth installment in the American International Pictures' Beach Party series, directed by William Asher and starring Annette Funicello as a college student targeted by a magical bikini-wearing siren to distract her boyfriend. Featuring Dwayne Hickman and a cameo by Buster Keaton as a witch doctor, the film emphasizes lighthearted romance and surfing culture amid psychedelic elements. Similarly, the 1979 action-comedy Hot Stuff, directed by and starring Dom DeLuise, depicts Miami police officers posing as fences to catch thieves, leading to chaotic pursuits and romantic entanglements with Suzanne Pleshette and Jerry Reed. Produced by Lorimar Productions, it balances slapstick with procedural elements and earned positive reviews for its energetic pace. The 1983 epic The Right Stuff, directed by Philip Kaufman and adapted from Tom Wolfe's nonfiction book, chronicles the U.S. space program's early days, focusing on test pilots like Chuck Yeager (played by Sam Shepard) and the Mercury 7 astronauts including John Glenn (Ed Harris). Nominated for eight Academy Awards and winning four, including for Score and Editing, it celebrates American ingenuity while critiquing bureaucracy. Television series incorporating "Stuff" span genres from children's programming to documentaries. Mutt & Stuff (2015–2018), a Nick Jr. preschool series created by Kauffman and Lodemeier, is set in a dog school where host Calvin Millan (son of ) teaches lessons on responsibility and friendship through puppetry and live-action segments with real s. Premiering on March 6, 2015, with an hour-long pilot, it aired 63 episodes emphasizing positive behaviors like sharing and empathy, featuring puppet characters like the energetic Mutt and bird Stuff. The British comedy sketch show Alexei Sayle's Stuff (1988–1991), hosted by comedian on , delivered 18 episodes of surreal and absurd humor, targeting , , and everyday absurdities with recurring sketches and appearances. Known for its punk-inflected edge, it ran for three series and influenced in the UK. Documentary series include Stuff the British Stole (2022–2024), an Australian ABC production hosted by journalist , which investigates six artifacts looted during the British Empire's expansion, such as the diamond and , exploring their cultural significance and debates. Airing four episodes in its first season, it combines historical analysis with on-location reporting to highlight colonial legacies. The 2020 Disney+ limited series , developed by Mark Lafferty and based on Wolfe's book, dramatizes NASA's Mercury program through the eyes of astronauts like () and their rivalries, starring and . Running one season of 10 episodes, it emphasizes teamwork and innovation amid pressures. Fictional characters named or associated with "Stuff" primarily emerge from comics and animation. Hot Stuff the Little Devil, created by Warren Kremer for Harvey Comics, debuted in Hot Stuff #1 (October 1957) as a mischievous red imp in an asbestos diaper, capable of conjuring fire and pranks while navigating devilish family dynamics with his grandfather Blaze. Appearing in over 170 issues until 1991, the character embodies youthful rebellion and has crossed over into other Harvey properties like Casper and the Spectrals (2009 animated series), where he aids ghostly friends against villains. In Mutt & Stuff, the puppet character Stuff is a sassy yellow bird who serves as the school's secretary and comic relief, voiced by Melissa van der Schyp, often mediating between the dog students and human hosts. The titular "Stuff" in the 1985 film functions as an antagonistic entity, an extraterrestrial ooze that possesses hosts, symbolizing unchecked desire.

Music and illustration

In music, "Stuff" refers to a prominent American jazz-funk band formed in 1975 in New York City by bassist Gordon Edwards, featuring renowned session musicians such as keyboardist Richard Tee, guitarists Eric Gale and Cornell Dupree, drummer Steve Gadd, and saxophonist Michael Brecker on select recordings. The group blended jazz, funk, and R&B elements, drawing from their extensive studio experience with artists like Aretha Franklin and Paul Simon, and released four studio albums between 1976 and 1979: Stuff (1976), More Stuff (1977), Stuff It (1978), and Welcome to My Fantasy (1979), alongside live recordings that showcased their improvisational prowess. Their self-titled debut album peaked at number 19 on the Billboard Jazz Albums chart, highlighting tracks like "Foots" that exemplified their groove-oriented fusion style. Another ensemble named STUFF., a Belgian instrumental jazz group from Antwerp formed in 2012, adopted the name to evoke eclectic, mashed-up grooves blending hip-hop, jazz, and electronic influences. Comprising drummer Lander Gyselinck, keyboardist Andrew Claes, bassist Joris Caluwaerts, saxophonist EWI player Dries Laheye, and DJ Mixmonster Menno, they debuted with the album STUFF. in 2015 on the Gondwana label, followed by Old Dreams New Planets (2016) and Lay It on Me (2018), earning acclaim for live performances at festivals like North Sea Jazz. In illustration, "Stuff" appears in titles of works that integrate visual art with narrative or instructional content. For instance, Stuff: Instead of a Memoir (2023) by art critic Lucy R. Lippard is a richly illustrated autobiography featuring over 100 reproductions of her personal photographs, postcards, and artworks, exploring themes of feminism, activism, and material culture through visual storytelling. Similarly, the Dr. Seuss estate released Oh, the Stuff You Will Learn! (2006), an illustrated print adapted from a 1978 unpublished drawing in I Can Read with My Eyes Shut!, depicting whimsical scenes of learning with Seuss's signature bold lines and fantastical elements to inspire curiosity in young readers. Instructional illustration books like the How to Draw series by Catherine V. Holmes include How to Draw Cool Stuff (2015), a step-by-step guide with over 200 teaching shading, perspective, and composition through everyday objects and characters, aimed at beginners and educators. Album artwork for the American band Stuff often featured minimalist, abstract designs; for example, the cover of their debut album illustrates a cluttered urban scene symbolizing "stuff" as accumulated experiences, rendered in vibrant colors. These examples highlight how "stuff" in illustration contexts often connotes tangible or conceptual accumulation, visualized through accessible, expressive techniques.

Other media works

In addition to its appearances in literature, film, television, and music, the word "stuff" has been prominently featured in titles across comics, video games, and podcasts, often evoking themes of mystery, adventure, or everyday knowledge. In comics, The Stuff of Legend is a fantasy series created by writers Mike Raicht and Brian Smith, with art by Brian Churilla, published by Th3rd World Studios starting in 2010. The narrative follows toys that come to life in a child's bedroom to battle a monstrous entity called the Boogeyman, blending horror and whimsy in a style reminiscent of Toy Story but with darker undertones; it has been collected in omnibus editions and praised for its imaginative world-building. Similarly, Stuff of Nightmares, a four-issue limited series launched by BOOM! Studios in 2023, was written by R.L. Stine—known for Goosebumps—with art by Maan House and colors by Felipe Henríquez Berliner; it explores urban legends through interconnected horror tales, marking Stine's return to comics after decades. Earlier, DC Comics published Funny Stuff, an anthology series from 1944 to 1961 spanning 86 issues, featuring humorous characters like Oswald the Rabbit and Wacky Duck in lighthearted, gag-driven stories targeted at young readers. Video games incorporating "stuff" in their titles include : The Quest for Stuff, a freemium mobile city-builder developed by TinyCo (later ) and released in 2014 for , , and other platforms. Players reconstruct Quahog using characters from the , completing quests and battling villains in a satirical, event-driven format that has sustained updates for over a decade with millions of downloads. Another example is Star Stuff, an programming puzzle game developed by Ánimo Games, released on on June 7, 2024, where players code bots to explore a cosmic void and solve environmental challenges; it emphasizes logical problem-solving with a minimalist aesthetic, earning positive reviews for its accessibility and depth. Podcasts represent a key audio medium for "stuff," with —often abbreviated SYSK—standing out as a long-running hosted by and Chuck Bryant, launched in 2008 by and now produced by . The show delves into trivia on topics from and to pop culture, amassing over 2,600 episodes (as of 2025), live tours, and a global audience through its conversational, fact-packed format; it has been nominated for multiple and spawned merchandise and video content.

Technology and computing

File compression software

StuffIt is a family of software utilities designed for file , archiving, , and , primarily known for its role in handling Macintosh files. Originally developed as a tool to reduce file sizes for storage limitations, it became a standard for cross-platform in the pre-internet era. The software originated in 1987 when 16-year-old Raymond Lau created StuffIt as a successor to his earlier PackIt utility, introducing the .SIT format for compressed archives that preserved Macintosh resource forks. Aladdin Systems acquired and commercialized the product shortly after, enhancing it with features like segmentation for large files and support for multiple platforms including Windows. In 2005, Smith Micro Software purchased Aladdin Systems (rebranded as Allume Systems), continuing development until announcing the end-of-life for StuffIt Deluxe in 2019, though free tools remain available. Key features include high compression ratios using proprietary algorithms, 512-bit encryption for secure archives, and error correction to recover data from damaged files. StuffIt supports creating and reading formats such as .SIT, .SITX (an optimized successor with better compression for multimedia), ZIP, RAR, TAR, GZIP, and BZIP2, with specialized recompression for JPEG images and MP3 audio to further reduce sizes without quality loss. The free StuffIt Expander utility allows drag-and-drop decompression across Mac and Windows, integrating with cloud services and system explorers. As the compression standard for Macintosh users from 1987 through the early , StuffIt facilitated widespread file distribution via systems and early online services, influencing later tools by emphasizing format compatibility and resource preservation. Its legacy persists in the need for legacy .SIT file support, with modern systems like macOS Archive Utility handling ZIP but relying on Expander for proprietary formats.

Other technical applications

StuffIt extends its utility beyond standard file compression through advanced features that support secure data handling, automated maintenance, and multi-format in environments. These capabilities have made it a tool for professionals requiring robust , particularly in systems and cross-platform workflows where with diverse formats is essential. One key application is in data , where StuffIt employs strong cryptographic methods to protect archives. The software supports the SITX format with algorithms including (up to 512-bit keys), (64-bit), Blowfish (448-bit), and (256-bit), using user-defined passphrases to secure the entire archive content. This feature is particularly valuable for safeguarding sensitive files during transfer or storage in technical settings, such as or confidential project backups. By default, it applies 512-bit , ensuring accessibility only to authorized users. Automated backup and scheduling represent another technical application, enabling systematic data preservation. StuffIt's Backup Assistant scans for modified files and creates incremental backups to destinations like external drives, FTP servers, or , including support for multi-CD/DVD spanning. The integrated StuffIt Scheduler provides a wizard-based interface for configuring recurring tasks, such as daily or weekly automations, which simplifies routine IT maintenance for individuals and small teams managing large datasets. This functionality reduces manual intervention and minimizes data loss risks in operational environments. Error correction enhances reliability in and , a critical aspect for technical applications involving potentially corrupted files. StuffIt's built-in automatically detects and repairs damage in SITX archives during expansion, allowing recovery of otherwise inaccessible content without external tools. This is especially useful in transfers or archival where bit errors can occur due to media degradation. Additionally, StuffIt facilitates advanced archive management across formats, supporting browsing, editing, and conversion of StuffIt, , , and files without full . The Archive Manager tool permits in-place operations like adding, extracting, renaming, or deleting contents, while Index Archives enable searchable, compact representations for efficient navigation in large repositories. These features aid in tasks, such as compressed assets or integrating legacy archives into modern workflows. StuffIt also applies patented recompression to optimize specific file types, including up to 30% lossless reduction for images, , , and PDFs, which supports technical imaging and processes.

Food, biology, and materials

Culinary stuffing

Culinary stuffing, also known as in certain regions, is a mixture typically composed of starches such as or grains, combined with aromatics, herbs, and seasonings, used to fill the cavity of , , or before cooking or baked separately as a . This preparation enhances flavor, moisture, and texture in the host while allowing for the incorporation of diverse ingredients that absorb cooking juices. The practice of stuffing dates back to ancient times, with the earliest documented recipes appearing in the cookbook De Re Coquinaria around 100 CE, which describes fillings for , , , and even using , herbs, spices, nuts, , and organ meats like brains or liver. In medieval , these mixtures evolved to include , , and herbs, reflecting the spread of techniques across cultures for both flavor enhancement and practicality in meal preparation. By the in , stuffing became a staple of holiday meals, particularly , where it was commonly used to fill turkeys or hams, aligning with the holiday's growing prominence. Common ingredients in culinary stuffing include a starch base such as cubed day-old , , , or for structure; aromatics like onions, , , leeks, or for depth; and seasonings such as , , , or for flavor. Binders and enrichments often feature , , or eggs to hold the mixture together, with additions like , nuts, dried fruits, or oysters providing texture and richness. Preparation traditionally involves aromatics before mixing with the base and moistening, then either stuffing into the cavity or in a dish; however, modern guidelines from the USDA recommend cooking stuffing separately to avoid bacterial risks like from undercooked . Regional variations highlight cultural influences, such as New England-style oyster stuffing with and , which incorporates briny for a coastal twist. In the American South, cornbread-based prevails, often seasoned with sage and sausage and baked externally, distinguishing it from the bread-based stuffing common in the North. Southwestern versions may feature green chiles, , and cilantro for a spicy profile, while the term "" generally refers to mixtures cooked outside the , a preference rooted in Southern traditions. In contemporary cuisine, stuffing remains a versatile holiday side, with a 2025 Campbell's survey finding it to be the top side dish in 38 states. It appears in festive dishes for and , sometimes as a or paired with roasts like crown , adapting ancient techniques to modern preferences for convenience and safety.

Biological and textile uses

In biology, stuffing materials play a crucial role in , the process of preserving animal specimens by filling their skins to maintain natural shape and posture for educational, scientific, and display purposes. This technique, derived from ancient practices, evolved in the as a tool for studies, enabling researchers like to document species and through mounted examples. Historically, biological stuffing involved natural fillers such as , , and , combined with wire armatures for support, to replicate the animal's volume without synthetic aids. Modern methods often incorporate or foams for their lightweight rigidity and malleability, though bio-based alternatives like remain common for smaller specimens to ensure anatomical accuracy. Contemporary applications in sustainable materials, particularly for textiles, include plant-based stuffing derived from sources that enhance ecological preservation efforts. For instance, cattail () seed hairs, harvested from rewetted peatlands, serve as a biodegradable filler with insulating and hydrophobic properties akin to down feathers, supporting in ecosystems through . With each cattail head yielding up to 300,000 seed hairs, these options reduce reliance on synthetic preservatives that can degrade over time. In textile applications, materials provide cushioning, , and in products such as pillows, , and padded garments, enhancing comfort and durability. Common types include , a synthetic option valued for its affordability, washability, and resilience in maintaining loft under compression. Natural alternatives like batting offer breathability and properties, often used in and bedding to absorb moisture without promoting microbial growth. stuffing, prized for its fire resistance and biodegradability, provides superior in cushions and stuffed toys, while —a silky from the tree—delivers lightweight buoyancy for outdoor gear. Advanced bio-based stuffings address challenges, such as microplastic from synthetics. Flame-retardant blends of and alginate (derived from ) have been developed for fillings in quilts and , offering non-toxic protection and compostability without compromising softness. fiber stuffing, with its and moisture-wicking attributes, is increasingly adopted in items for its renewability, as grows rapidly without pesticides. These materials not only fulfill functional roles but also align with circular economies by agricultural byproducts, ensuring longevity in applications like furniture where resilience against settling is essential.

People and surnames

Individuals with the surname

The surname Stuff is uncommon, with approximately 540 individuals bearing it worldwide as of recent estimates, predominantly in where it has the highest incidence and density. Its origins are likely Germanic, though specific etymological details remain limited in available records. No individuals with the surname Stuff have achieved notable prominence in fields such as arts, sciences, politics, or entertainment, based on comprehensive searches of historical and biographical databases. Genealogical resources indicate scattered family lines in and , but without documented figures of public significance.

Notable pseudonyms or titles

Hezekiah Leroy Gordon Smith (1909–1967), an influential American violinist, was professionally known by the "Stuff ," a he acquired in his youth from habitually referring to acquaintances whose names he forgot as "stuff." This became his throughout his career, defining his identity in the and beyond. Smith pioneered the use of amplified in , blending virtuosic technique with energetic improvisation that influenced subsequent generations of string players. Smith's professional breakthrough came in the 1930s, leading the Onyx Club Boys in , where his group recorded the hit "I'se a Muggin'" in 1936 for , showcasing his innovative hot style. He collaborated with luminaries such as , , and , and later toured with in the 1950s, solidifying his reputation as a trailblazer in violin. His "Stuff" encapsulated his playful, irreverent persona, which permeated his performances and recordings until his death in , , in 1967. In popular culture, the alias "Stuff the Chinatown Kid" served as the superhero title for Daniel Leong, a fictional Chinese-American sidekick to the DC Comics character Vigilante, debuting in Action Comics #45 in 1942. This moniker highlighted the character's resourceful role in 1940s crime-fighting narratives set in New York's Chinatown.