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Surf

Surf refers to the white, foaming mass of water produced by breaking waves on a shore, a natural phenomenon observed in oceans and large bodies of water. The term originates from the Old English "surf," related to "suffocate" or "overflow," evoking the tumultuous action of waves.^[1] This concept underpins various cultural, recreational, and commercial uses of the word "surf". Most prominently, surfing is a surface water sport where individuals ride these waves toward the shore using boards, originating in ancient Polynesia and evolving into a global activity practiced by approximately 35 million people as of 2024.^[2] The term "surf" also appears in music genres like surf rock, geographical names, software applications, consumer products such as detergents, and other contexts including military vessels and web browsing, as explored in the following sections.

Natural Phenomenon

Definition and Etymology

Surf refers to the turbulent white water formed by the breaking of ocean waves upon a shoaling shoreline or reef, characterized by foam, splash, and the accompanying sound of the breakers.^[1] This phenomenon occurs in the surf zone, the nearshore area where waves transition from deep-water swells to shallow-water breakers, producing the distinctive lines of foam and chaotic water motion observed along coastlines.^[3] In oceanographic terms, surf represents the visible and audible manifestation of wave energy dissipation as the wave crests collapse under gravity and friction with the seabed.^[4] The word "surf" entered English in the early 17th century, with its earliest documented use appearing in 1606.^[5] Its origins are uncertain but are often traced to an earlier form "suffe" or "suff" denoting the shoreward surge of the sea, possibly from an Indo-Aryan language reflecting early English encounters with the coasts of India and the Indian Ocean.^[6] ^[7] Alternative theories suggest influence from informal English "sough," mimicking the rushing sound of waves.^[6] Over time, "surf" evolved from a descriptive term for wave action in colonial and exploratory writings to a more standardized reference in 19th-century literature on Pacific voyages, where authors vividly portrayed the powerful breakers of distant shores.^[5] This linguistic shift coincided with increased European and American navigation in the Pacific, embedding the word in narratives of oceanic exploration and natural spectacle.^[8] In modern usage, the term extends briefly to the sport of riding these breaking waves, though its primary denotation remains the natural phenomenon itself.^[1]

Formation and Characteristics

Surf forms through the process of wave shoaling, where ocean waves propagating from deeper water into shallower coastal areas experience a decrease in speed due to interaction with the seabed, causing the waves to steepen and increase in height.^[9] This shoaling occurs when water depth becomes less than about one-quarter of the wavelength, leading to a reduction in wavelength while the wave period remains constant.^[9] Friction with the seabed eventually causes the wave to become unstable and break, forming the turbulent surf zone typically extending from the breaker line to the shoreline.^[9] Key factors influencing this formation include the wave period, which determines how deeply the wave energy penetrates the water column; water depth, which controls the onset of shoaling; and seabed slope, which affects the rate of height increase and breaking point.^[10] The characteristics of surf vary based on environmental conditions, with breaking waves classified into three primary types: spilling, plunging, and surging. Spilling breakers occur on gently sloping beaches, where the crest gradually spills down the wave face as energy dissipates slowly through foam and turbulence.^[9] Plunging breakers form on steeper slopes, with the crest pitching forward ahead of the trough to create a curling tube, often favored for recreational activities due to their dynamic shape.^[10] Surging breakers arise on very steep beaches, where waves rush up the shore with minimal breaking, retaining much of their energy in the swash zone.^[9] Surf height is commonly measured as the face height—the vertical distance from the base of the wave to its crest at the point of breaking—rather than the full crest-to-trough distance, providing a practical gauge of the rideable wave size that aligns with visual estimates from shore.^[11] Wind direction plays a role by either enhancing or disrupting wave formation, with offshore winds preserving clean faces while onshore winds can cause spilling; tides alter water depth to shift breaking types, deeper tides promoting spilling on shallow slopes; and bathymetry, including underwater contours, influences wave focusing and energy concentration.^[10] As waves approach the shore, refraction bends their crests toward shallower areas, converging energy at headlands and diverging it in bays, while diffraction allows waves to spread around obstacles like jetties, further distributing energy.^[3] In the surf zone, most wave energy dissipates through breaking, which generates turbulence, bores, and currents, with additional losses from bottom friction, reducing wave height progressively toward the shore.^[12] This dissipation drives coastal processes like longshore transport and rip currents, spaced hundreds of meters apart and varying with wave height and frequency.^[9]

Sports and Recreation

Surfing

Surfing is a surface water sport in which an individual, a surfer, uses a board to ride breaking waves toward the shore, primarily for recreation and competition. Originating as a cultural practice in ancient Polynesia, it has evolved into a global pursuit emphasizing balance, timing, and connection with ocean dynamics. The sport requires skill to catch waves, maneuver on the board, and navigate environmental hazards, making it both physically demanding and mentally focused.^[13] Following a decline in the mid-19th century due to missionary influences and colonial restrictions that suppressed native practices, surfing saw a partial revival in the late 19th century under King David Kalākaua before experiencing modern global spread in the early 20th century through the efforts of Duke Kahanamoku, a Hawaiian swimmer and Olympic gold medalist who demonstrated the sport during international travels, introducing it to Australia and California audiences around 1915.^[14]^[15]^[13]^[16]^[17] Kahanamoku's demonstrations and board-building techniques helped preserve and promote Hawaiian surfing traditions globally.^[18] Following World War II, surfing spread rapidly in the post-1950s era, fueled by Hollywood films, surf music, and accessible board manufacturing in California and Australia, transforming it from a niche Hawaiian activity into a worldwide phenomenon with millions of participants by the 1960s.^[19]^[20]^[21]^[22] Core surfing techniques begin with paddling, where the surfer lies prone on the board and uses arm strokes to generate speed and position for an approaching wave, often requiring 10-20 powerful strokes to match the wave's energy.^[23] Once caught, the pop-up follows: the surfer explosively pushes up from the board using hands and core strength to transition to a standing stance, typically with feet shoulder-width apart and knees bent for stability. Trimming involves subtle weight shifts to maintain speed along the wave face, keeping the board's rail engaged without stalling. Advanced maneuvers include bottom turns, where the surfer leans into the wave's base to redirect momentum, and top turns, executed higher on the wave for sharper direction changes and aerial potential.^[24] Board types influence technique: longboards (9-12 feet) suit beginners for their stability and ease in noseriding; shortboards (5-7 feet) enable aggressive turns in steeper waves; and guns (8-10 feet, narrow) are specialized for big-wave paddling into fast, hollow breaks.^[25]^[26] Safety is paramount, as rip currents—narrow channels of fast-moving water returning to sea—can sweep surfers offshore; experts advise swimming parallel to shore to escape rather than fighting the flow directly.^[27]^[28]^[29] Surfing equipment centers on the surfboard, which evolved from ancient alaia boards—solid wooden planks up to 12 feet long carved from koa or balsa trees for buoyancy and glide—to modern fiberglass constructions in the mid-20th century. The transition began in the 1940s with hollow plywood boards, but the late 1950s introduction of polyurethane foam cores encased in fiberglass resin, pioneered by shapers such as Hobie Alter, revolutionized accessibility, reducing weight to under 10 pounds while improving durability and performance.^[30]^[31]^[32] Additional gear includes removable fins, pioneered in the 1930s by Tom Blake for directional control, now standard in tri-fin setups; leashes, coiled cords attached from ankle to board tail since the 1970s to prevent board loss and injury; and wetsuits, neoprene suits invented in the 1950s by Hugh Bradner for thermal insulation in colder waters.^[33] These materials, however, pose environmental challenges: polyurethane and polyester resins derive from petroleum, contributing 150-250 kg of CO2 emissions per board during production, alongside toxic styrene vapors and non-biodegradable waste that pollutes landfills and oceans when boards are discarded after an average 5-year lifespan.^[34]^[35]^[36] Efforts toward sustainable alternatives, like bio-resins and recycled foams, aim to mitigate these impacts.^[37] The Atlantic City Surf was an independent professional baseball team based in Atlantic City, New Jersey, that competed from 1998 to 2008. Initially a charter member of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball, the team captured the league's inaugural championship in 1998 by defeating the Bridgeport Bluefish in a best-of-five series. The Surf later joined the Can-Am League in 2007 before folding after the 2008 season due to financial challenges, having played their home games at Bernie Robbins Stadium (formerly known as Sandcastle Stadium).^[38]^[39] In soccer, the San Diego Surf Soccer Club serves as a prominent youth academy focused on player development. Founded in 1977 as the oldest competitive youth soccer club in the San Diego area, it draws top talent from North County and beyond, offering programs for boys and girls across various age groups. The club competes at high levels in elite leagues including the Elite Clubs National League (ECNL) and MLS Next, with its primary facilities located at the 32-acre Surf Sports Park in Del Mar, California, which includes multiple fields, training areas, and a performance center.^[40] Beyond traditional team sports, surf-related activities encompass organized competitions in lifesaving and wakesurfing. Surf lifesaving events, particularly in Australia, feature team-based disciplines like surf boat races, where crews of four rowers and a sweep navigate heavy wooden boats through breaking waves and over the bar to rescue buoys. These races are a highlight of major gatherings such as the annual Australian Surf Life Saving Championships and the professional Ocean Thunder Surf Boat Series, emphasizing strength, coordination, and ocean safety skills under Surf Life Saving Australia's governance.^[41]^[42] Wakesurfing represents a non-ocean adaptation of surfing, where participants ride the propeller-free wake generated by a specialized boat, typically at speeds of 10-12 mph, without using a tow rope after initial acceleration. Emerging in the 1990s from wakeboarding innovations, the sport relies on ballast systems and hull designs in modern wake boats to produce clean, extended waves suitable for tricks and carving, making it accessible on inland waters like lakes and rivers. Competitive wakesurfing is regulated by organizations such as the World Wake Association, which hosts national and international series featuring amateur and professional divisions.^[43]^[44]

Arts and Entertainment

Surf Music

Surf music, a genre of rock and roll that emerged in Southern California between 1958 and 1964, is intrinsically linked to the burgeoning surf culture of the era, capturing the thrill of beach life through instrumental tracks dominated by reverb-laden electric guitars. Pioneered by guitarist Dick Dale, who drew from instrumental rock while incorporating Middle Eastern and Mexican influences, rapid alternate picking, and spring reverb effects, the style first gained traction at local venues like the Rendezvous Ballroom in Newport Beach. This sound reflected the excitement of surfing, with its fast-paced rhythms evoking the rush of waves, and quickly spread through Southern California's coastal youth scene.^[45]^[46] The hallmark of surf music lies in its twangy, echoing guitar riffs played on instruments like the Fender Stratocaster, amplified with heavy reverb and tremolo for a "wet" oceanic tone, often at upbeat tempos around 140-180 beats per minute to mimic wave energy. Themes centered on beaches, surfing, and adolescent freedom, delivered primarily through instrumentals that emphasized technical guitar prowess over lyrics, though vocal variants emerged with harmonious, falsetto-driven songs about coastal adventures. Subgenres diverged into pure instrumental surf, exemplified by Dale's aggressive, percussive style, and vocal surf, which blended doo-wop harmonies with surf motifs for a more melodic, radio-friendly appeal.^[47]^[48]^[49] Key figures shaped the genre's legacy, starting with Dick Dale and his Del-Tones, whose 1962 single "Misirlou"—a frenetic reinterpretation of a traditional Greek folk tune—reached No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 and defined the instrumental surf blueprint. The Chantays followed with "Pipeline" in 1963, an evocative track that peaked at No. 4 and became a staple for its shimmering guitar lines simulating wave crests. The Surfaris' "Wipe Out," released in 1963, peaked at No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 and became an international hit with its iconic drum solo and infectious energy, selling over a million copies. Vocal pioneers like the Beach Boys incorporated surf themes into hits such as "Surfin' U.S.A." (1963), blending car culture with beach vibes to broaden the genre's reach. The style waned by the mid-1960s amid the British Invasion but saw a revival in the 1980s, led by bands like Jon & the Nightriders, whose 1980 album Surf Beat '80 recaptured the original instrumental fervor with high-energy reverb and traditional arrangements, inspiring a new wave of enthusiasts.^[50]^[51]^[52]

Surf in Popular Culture

Surf culture has profoundly shaped visual media, particularly through films and television that romanticized the beach lifestyle and its rebellious undertones. The 1959 film Gidget, directed by Paul Wendkos, introduced mainstream audiences to California's surf scene by following a teenager's initiation into surfing and her romance with a surfer, sparking a wave of "surfploitation" or beach party movies in the early 1960s.^[53] This genre peaked with American International Pictures' Beach Party (1963), directed by William Asher, which featured surfers, bikinis, and comedic escapades, grossing over $2 million and launching a series of low-budget films that blended surf aesthetics with youth romance and mild rebellion.^[53] These movies often portrayed surfing as a symbol of freedom and nonconformity, masking deeper themes of social transgression beneath their lighthearted facades.^[54] In later decades, surf depictions evolved to emphasize adrenaline and personal stakes. Kathryn Bigelow's Point Break (1991) fused surfing with crime thriller elements, following an FBI agent infiltrating a gang of bank-robbing surfers led by Patrick Swayze's character, whose iconic wave-riding scenes elevated surfing's image as a pursuit of existential thrill and influenced action-surf hybrids in cinema.^[55] Similarly, Blue Crush (2002), directed by John Stockwell, centered on a young female surfer preparing for a major Hawaiian competition, highlighting gender dynamics in the sport and inspiring increased female participation by showcasing the physical and emotional challenges of big-wave riding.^[55] These modern portrayals often used surf music as a thematic soundtrack to amplify the cultural allure of ocean-bound adventure.^[55] The 1960s surf boom extended into fashion and lifestyle, defining a casual, sun-drenched aesthetic that permeated youth wardrobes. Boardshorts, initially knee-length cotton trunks for practical wave riding, became staples alongside bikinis for women, evolving from functional swimwear to symbols of liberated beach style during the era's cultural shift.^[56] Iconic woodie station wagons, with their wooden paneling and ample space for surfboards, embodied the mobile surf lifestyle, originating in the 1920s but peaking in popularity among 1960s surfers for transporting gear to coastal spots and evoking a sense of nomadic freedom.^[57] This aesthetic tied into broader countercultural currents, with surf style intersecting the Beat Generation's bohemian ethos through shared values of spontaneity and rejection of materialism in 1950s-1960s Southern California.^[58] Surf culture's global dissemination accelerated in the 1970s via print media, which exported the California ideal worldwide. Surfer magazine, founded in 1960 by John Severson, played a pivotal role by the decade's start, featuring high-quality photography and stories that inspired international audiences and contributed to surfing's expansion beyond U.S. shores, with circulation reaching over 100,000 by the mid-1970s.^[59] On a societal level, surfing emerged as an emblem of 1960s youth rebellion, encapsulating the "California Dream" of endless summer, individualism, and escape from postwar conformity.^[60] This mythologized coastal lifestyle influenced global youth movements, promoting ideals of freedom and anti-establishment ethos that resonated in countercultural narratives.^[61] By the 1980s, surf communities channeled this energy into environmental activism, notably through the Surfrider Foundation, established in 1984 by Malibu surfers to combat coastal pollution and development threats, leading campaigns that secured cleaner beaches and influenced water quality regulations.^[62] These efforts marked surfing's transition from subcultural pastime to a force for ecological advocacy, addressing issues like sewage discharge and plastic waste in the 1980s.^[63] In recent years, surf culture has continued to influence television and film. The Fox series Rescue: HI-Surf (2024–2025) dramatizes the lives of lifeguards on Oahu's North Shore, blending action with cultural reverence for Hawaiian waters.^[64] Similarly, the 2025 thriller The Surfer, starring Nicolas Cage, delves into obsession and coastal community tensions during a surf contest.^[65] These works highlight evolving themes of environmental advocacy and personal resilience in contemporary surf narratives.

Geography and Places

Locations Named After Surf

Surf City, New Jersey, is a coastal resort borough located on Long Beach Island in Ocean County. Originally established as Long Beach City borough in 1894 from portions of Stafford Township, it was renamed Surf City in 1899 to avoid confusion with other places named Long Beach and reflect its beach-oriented identity. With a population of approximately 1,300 as of 2025, the town features 2.5 miles of guarded ocean beaches and serves as a seasonal destination for vacationers seeking relaxation and water activities.^[66]^[67]^[68]^[69] Surf City, North Carolina, occupies a portion of Topsail Island, a barrier island in Pender and Onslow counties, and was incorporated in March 1949 as the first town on the island. The community, which had a population of 3,867 at the 2020 census and is estimated at approximately 5,200 as of 2025, experienced significant recovery efforts following Hurricane Florence in September 2018, which brought catastrophic flooding, storm surge, and erosion that damaged dunes, walkways, and infrastructure across the Topsail area. As a hub for fishing and surfing, Surf City offers access to the historic Surf City Ocean Pier—rebuilt after prior storms—for anglers targeting species like flounder and red drum, while its consistent waves attract surfers year-round, supported by local shops and events.^[70]^[71]^[72]^[73] Surfside Beach, Texas, is a small city on Follet's Island in Brazoria County, near the mouth of the Brazos River, and was incorporated in 1975 under the name Surfside before being renamed Surfside Beach in the late 1980s. Its population stood at 640 in the 2020 census, growing to approximately 720 as of 2025, reflecting its role as a quiet residential and recreational enclave. Historically tied to the region's maritime past, the area served as a key trade route in the 19th century with the establishment of Fort Velasco by Mexico to monitor Gulf traffic, evolving into a beach destination known for its unspoiled four-mile shoreline ideal for fishing, surfing, and birdwatching.^[74]^[75]^[76]^[77] Surfside, Florida, is an upscale beachfront town in Miami-Dade County, incorporated on May 18, 1935, through a petition signed by 35 members of the exclusive Surf Club, a private oceanfront establishment founded in 1930 that hosted celebrities and dignitaries. The town's population was 5,689 at the 2020 census, estimated at approximately 5,800 as of 2025, maintaining its intimate scale amid South Florida's growth. Stretching from the Atlantic Ocean to Indian Creek between 87th and 96th Streets, Surfside preserves a glamorous heritage tied to the Surf Club, which influenced its development as a residential enclave for affluent residents seeking proximity to Miami Beach.^[78]^[79]^[80] Surfside Beach, South Carolina, is a coastal resort town in Horry County, incorporated on December 28, 1952, from a portion of the former Myrtle Beach Farms area. With a population of 4,155 at the 2020 census and estimated at approximately 4,500 as of 2025, it spans 2.5 square miles along the Atlantic Ocean and is known for its wide beaches, fishing pier, and family-friendly atmosphere. The town evolved from a quiet seaside village in the mid-20th century into a popular vacation spot, featuring annual events like the Surfside Beach Family Festival and emphasizing environmental preservation amid growing tourism.^[81]^[82] Surf, California, was a short-lived unincorporated community and former railroad town in Santa Barbara County along the Pacific coast, now encompassed within the publicly accessible portion of Vandenberg Space Force Base. Established in 1896 when the Southern Pacific Railroad extended its Coast Line to the site, Surf developed as a small settlement with a depot that supported beachgoers and local traffic, reaching a population peak of around 100 in the early 20th century. Its growth accelerated after the establishment of Vandenberg Air Force Base (now Space Force Base) in 1941, but the area declined post-World War II; by 2000, the site consisted solely of a single private residence, with the depot abandoned in 1985 and later demolished, leaving behind remnants like historic beach steps as echoes of its rail-era past.^[83]

Notable Surf Destinations

Notable surf destinations attract enthusiasts worldwide due to their exceptional wave quality, shaped by underwater topography, swell exposure, and local conditions. These spots range from powerful barreling reefs to long point breaks, offering challenges for advanced surfers while influencing global surf culture and competitions.^[84] One of the most iconic is Pipeline on Oahu's North Shore in Hawaii, renowned for its hollow, barreling waves that break over a shallow lava reef, creating fast, tubular rides up to 15 feet. The spot thrives on northwest swells with periods over 15 seconds, drawing elite competitors but posing extreme risks due to the reef's sharpness.^[85]^[84] Bells Beach in Victoria, Australia, stands out as a powerful right-hand reef break facing the Southern Ocean, capable of waves from 2 to 12 feet with multiple sections like the Bowl and Rincon. It hosts the annual Rip Curl Pro, the longest-running professional surf event since 1962, highlighting its consistency in south-to-southwest swells up to 20 seconds.^[86]^[87] In South Africa, Jeffreys Bay features Supertubes, a world-class right point break delivering long, barreling sections over 400 meters, ideal for high-performance surfing on south-to-southeast swells with periods around 13-16 seconds. The wave's speed and offshore winds make it a benchmark for perfection, though it requires precise positioning to avoid closeouts.^[88]^[89] Regionally, California's Mavericks near Half Moon Bay exemplifies big-wave surfing, with left-breaking peaks reaching 60 feet over a jagged reef, fueled by northwest winter swells exceeding 20 seconds. Accessible primarily by boat due to cold waters and strong currents, it demands tow-in techniques for safety and has hosted major events like the Titans of Mavericks.^[90]^[91] Portugal's Peniche offers Supertubos, a beachbreak with fast lefts and shorter rights up to 10 feet, suited for intermediate to advanced surfers on northwest Atlantic swells with 13-14 second periods. Its accessibility from Lisbon and consistent summer conditions make it a European hub, though it can become choppy in onshore winds.^[92]^[93] Indonesia's Uluwatu in Bali comprises multiple left reef breaks like The Peak and Temples on the Bukit Peninsula, handling chest-high to triple-overhead surf best at mid-tides on Indian Ocean swells over 16 seconds. The cliff-top access and tropical setting appeal to travelers, but strong currents and crowds require experience.^[94]^[95] These destinations' appeal stems from wave consistency—often tied to remote ocean exposures—and varying accessibility, from remote boat launches to easy road access near airports. However, post-2020 tourism surges have intensified overcrowding, leading to conflicts and environmental strain at popular sites like Uluwatu and Supertubos, prompting calls for sustainable management.^[86]^[96]^[97]

Technology and Computing

Software Named Surf

Surf is the name of several software applications in computing, spanning web browsers, surface analysis tools, and specialized operational systems. The Surf web browser, developed by the suckless.org community, is a minimalist application released in 2009 that emphasizes simplicity and keyboard-driven navigation.^[98] Built on WebKit2/GTK+, it displays websites, follows links, and supports the XEmbed protocol for embedding in other applications, while intentionally omitting graphical controls like menus or toolbars to promote efficient, mouse-free usage through keyboard shortcuts, with tabbed browsing achievable via external tools such as tabbed.^[98] This design aligns with suckless.org's philosophy of creating lightweight, customizable software for Unix-like systems, often extended via community patches for features such as bookmarks or video support.^[98] Digital Surf, founded in 1989 as a French company specializing in image analysis, produces the Mountains® software suite for 3D surface metrology and topographic data processing in materials science and engineering.^[99] The software enables advanced analysis of surface textures from profilometers, microscopes, and other instruments, supporting standards like ISO 25178 for 3D surface parameters and offering tools for filtering, segmentation, and visualization of micro- and nano-scale features.^[100] Mountains® is widely integrated as an OEM solution by instrument manufacturers, with over 25,000 licenses installed globally for applications in research, quality control, and industrial metrology.^[100] ICEM Surf is a computer-aided industrial design (CAID) software developed by Dassault Systèmes for creating and analyzing complex free-form surfaces, particularly Class-A surfaces used in automotive and aerospace design.^[101] It provides tools for direct surface modeling, high-end visualization, and quality analysis, ensuring precise geometric control and compatibility with CAD environments like CATIA. The software, originally from ICEM Ltd., has been integrated into the 3DEXPERIENCE platform and continues to receive updates, with version 2025 focusing on enhanced geometric modeling capabilities.^[101] In the 2020s, SURF Security introduced an enterprise-grade zero-trust browser launched in 2022 to enhance cybersecurity for organizations.^[102] This Chromium-based application enforces proactive threat detection, granular access controls, and secure access service edge (SASE) principles, monitoring user interactions to prevent data breaches while maintaining a familiar browsing interface.^[102] Designed for business environments, it integrates with endpoint protection platforms and supports administrative policies for compliance in sectors like finance and healthcare.^[103] Endless Surf offers a proprietary software suite for managing wave pool operations in surf parks, integrating guest services with wave generation controls.^[104] Released as part of their pneumatic wave technology platform, the suite includes tools like Swell Studio for customizing wave patterns by pool section, optimizing rider experiences based on skill levels and session demands.^[104] It streamlines operations by linking reservations, safety monitoring, and real-time adjustments to support high-volume surfing sessions in commercial facilities.^[105]

Web Surfing and Digital Uses

The term "surfing the Internet" originated in the early 1990s as a metaphor likening the navigation of digital information flows to riding ocean waves, capturing the dynamic and exploratory essence of early online exploration.^[106] Librarian Jean Armour Polly popularized the phrase in her June 1992 article "Surfing the INTERNET: An Introduction," published in the Wilson Library Bulletin, where she described the internet as a vast, unpredictable medium requiring skillful maneuvering much like wave surfing.^[106] This analogy built on the earlier concept of "channel surfing," an ironic 1980s term for rapidly flipping through television channels using a remote control, which evoked a similar sense of casual, wave-like progression through content options.^[107] Web surfing practices involve using web browsers and search engines to traverse hyperlinks, allowing users to "ride" from one website to another in a non-linear fashion, often discovering information serendipitously.^[108] In the modern era, this has evolved into endless scrolling through social media feeds and algorithmic content streams, where platforms like Twitter (now X) and Instagram deliver personalized, continuous updates that mimic the perpetual motion of waves.^[108] During the 1990s, web surfing became emblematic of cyberculture, embodying the thrill of unrestricted access to global knowledge and communities amid the rapid commercialization of the internet following the World Wide Web's public debut in 1991.^[108] However, it also raised safety concerns, as users venturing into uncharted digital spaces risked encountering malware, viruses, and scams—early threats like the 1999 Melissa worm spread via email attachments, infecting systems during routine browsing sessions.^[109] By the 2010s, the term waned in favor of "scrolling," reflecting a shift to more passive, feed-based consumption, which culminated in "doomscrolling"—the compulsive reading of negative news online, a behavior that gained prominence during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.^[110]

Commercial Products

Household Brands

Surf is a prominent laundry detergent brand owned by Unilever, primarily recognized for its household cleaning products unrelated to water sports. Introduced in the United Kingdom in 1952 by Lever Brothers (a predecessor to Unilever), the brand initially offered a revolutionary powder detergent that cleaned and brightened clothes without additional whitening agents, quickly establishing itself as a market leader in the 1950s and 1960s.^[111] In the United States, Surf launched in 1959 as a response to declining sales of Lever's earlier brand Rinso, positioning itself as a competitive synthetic detergent against Procter & Gamble's Tide, which had debuted in 1946.^[112] The brand's name evokes ocean waves, often reflected in its packaging and advertising imagery to symbolize powerful cleaning action. Over the decades, Surf has evolved into a diverse range of formats to meet varying consumer needs, including traditional powder detergents, liquid formulations, and bar soaps, with innovations like enzyme-enhanced versions introduced in 1986 for low-temperature washes and a "99 stains" formula launched in 2002 for superior stain removal.^[111] In markets like India, where it was introduced in 1959 as Surf by Hindustan Unilever Limited and later rebranded as Surf Excel, the product emphasizes advanced stain removal through non-soapy detergent powders derived from petrochemicals, becoming a pioneer in the region's laundry category.^[113] Marketing campaigns have historically highlighted its efficacy, such as the 1970s "Square Deal Surf" promotion focusing on value and performance, while later efforts in select regions adopted eco-conscious messaging aligned with Unilever's broader sustainability initiatives.^[111] Surf maintains a strong global footprint, particularly dominant in Latin America and Europe, where it ranked among the top five laundry detergents in sales across key markets including Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America as of 2019, reaching approximately 100 million households worldwide at that time.^[111] The brand experienced sales peaks in the 1980s before facing intensified competition from Tide and other rivals in the 1990s.^[114] In response to environmental concerns, Unilever shifted Surf formulations post-2000s toward more sustainable options, including concentrated detergents to reduce water usage and packaging waste, as part of the company's Sustainable Living Plan launched in 2010.^[115] By the 2010s, many Surf variants became phosphate-free in regions like Australia and parts of Europe, aligning with industry-wide transitions to minimize water pollution.^[116]

Surf Gear and Apparel Brands

Quiksilver, founded in 1969 in Torquay, Australia, by Alan Green and John Law, pioneered modern boardshorts designed specifically for surfers' needs, evolving from earlier surf trunks to high-performance gear with features like reinforced seams and quick-drying fabrics.^[117]^[118] The brand quickly expanded into a global surfwear leader, emphasizing apparel and accessories that blend functionality with style, though in February 2025, its U.S. retail operator Liberated Brands filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, leading to the closure of all Quiksilver stores in the United States; the brand itself continues under Boardriders Inc.^[119] Rip Curl, established in the same year in Torquay by Doug "Claw" Warbrick and Brian "Sing Ding" Singer, initially focused on wetsuits, drawing from their experience in diving equipment to create durable neoprene suits tailored for cold-water surfing.^[120] By 1970, the company had begun manufacturing wetsuits commercially, innovating with stretchable materials that improved mobility and warmth, and it has since grown into a major player in surf apparel and gear worldwide, though it faced a consumer boycott in 2024 over a transgender surfer promotion and reported financial losses with store closures in 2025.^[121]^[122] Billabong, launched in 1973 on Australia's Gold Coast by Gordon and Rena Merchant, started with handmade boardshorts and expanded into a comprehensive line of global surf apparel, including wetsuits and casual wear that captures the essence of wave-riding.^[123] The brand's commitment to quality and international distribution has made it a dominant force in the surf industry, with products distributed across more than 100 countries, despite U.S. store closures in 2025 following Liberated Brands' bankruptcy.^[124] Ron Jon Surf Shop, opened in 1961 on Long Beach Island, New Jersey, by Ron DiMenna, began as a small outlet for surfboards and gear before becoming the world's largest surf retailer, with its flagship Cocoa Beach store spanning over 20,000 square feet and offering extensive selections of boards, apparel, and accessories; founder Ron DiMenna passed away in September 2025.^[125]^[126] The shop's growth reflects the mainstreaming of surf culture on the East Coast, serving as a one-stop destination for enthusiasts.^[127] Surf wetsuits trace their origins to the early 1950s, when American physicist Hugh Bradner developed the first neoprene-based suit in 1952 for U.S. Navy divers, which surfers adapted for thermal insulation in colder waters.^[128] Over decades, neoprene has evolved from single-layer, fragile designs in the 1950s—lacking inner linings and prone to tearing—to modern multi-layered constructions with advanced features like sealed seams, flexible limestone-derived alternatives, and recycled components for enhanced durability and environmental impact.^[129] Surfboards underwent a transformative shift post-World War II with the adoption of fiberglass, first applied in 1946 by shaper Pete Peterson to encase a redwood stringer, creating lighter, more buoyant boards compared to heavy wooden predecessors.^[130] This innovation, fueled by wartime advances in plastics and resins, enabled shorter, more maneuverable designs by the 1950s, revolutionizing board performance and accessibility.^[30] Essential surf accessories include rash guards, which emerged in the surfing community for protection against sunburn and board wax rashes, evolving from basic long-sleeve shirts to UV-blocking, quick-dry fabrics in the late 20th century.^[131] Surfboard leashes, patented in urethane form in 1977 after early 1970s prototypes, attach the board to the surfer's ankle to prevent loss and enhance safety, becoming standard despite initial resistance from traditionalists.^[132] The surf gear industry has seen significant market expansion, with the global surfing equipment sector valued at approximately $4.5 billion in 2024 and projected to grow to about $4.8 billion by 2025, driven by rising participation in water sports and tourism (with a CAGR of 6.6% through 2034).^[133] Sustainability trends gained momentum in the 2010s, as brands increasingly incorporated recycled materials like post-consumer plastic bottles and fishing nets into boardshorts, wetsuits, and boards to reduce environmental footprint.^[134] This shift, led by eco-focused lines from established companies, aligns with broader consumer demand for ethical production in the face of ocean pollution concerns.^[135]

Transportation

Military Ships

The United States Navy acquired two vessels named USS Surf during World War I as part of its section patrol fleet, both derived from civilian craft and assigned hull numbers in the SP series for auxiliary service. These ships exemplified the Navy's rapid expansion of coastal defenses by converting commercial vessels for patrol and minesweeping duties.^[136]^[137] USS Surf (SP-341) was constructed in 1911 at Quincy, Massachusetts, as a 252-gross-ton commercial fishing trawler. The Navy leased her on 21 April 1917 amid escalating tensions leading to U.S. entry into the war, and she was commissioned on 8 May 1917. Assigned to minesweeping operations, she patrolled New England waters to counter potential U-boat threats and clear naval routes during the conflict. She was decommissioned and returned to her owner on 2 April 1919, concluding her brief but essential service in home waters with no reported combat engagements.^[136] In contrast, USS Surf (SP-518) was a 398-gross-ton steam yacht built in 1898, offered to the Navy in 1917 for potential use as a patrol vessel. Despite the assignment of her hull number, she was never accepted into commission and saw no active military service, reflecting the selective process for integrating civilian yachts into the wartime fleet.^[137] Other navies have operated vessels named Surf. The Royal Navy commissioned HMS Surf, an S-class submarine, in December 1942; she served in World War II patrols in the Mediterranean and was scrapped in April 1948.^[138] The Royal Fleet Auxiliary, a civilian-manned service supporting the Royal Navy, operated two Surf-class freighting tankers: RFA Surf Patrol (A357, launched 1944) and RFA Surf Pioneer (A365, launched 1945), which provided replenishment during the Korean War and were sold for scrapping in the late 1950s.^[139]^[140] Section patrol vessels like these typically retained their pre-existing civilian names upon acquisition, as the Navy prioritized rapid mobilization over standardized naming conventions for auxiliaries during World War I; this differed from traditions for commissioned warships, such as submarines named after fish or marine life. Both Surfs were decommissioned shortly after the Armistice, leaving no significant legacy beyond their contribution to coastal security, with no subsequent vessels bearing the name in the U.S. Navy.^[141]^[142]

Civilian Vessels

Civilian vessels named or designed around the theme of "surf" primarily encompass luxury cruise ships and specialized recreational boats for wakesurfing, emphasizing leisure and wave-generation technologies rather than military applications. The Wind Surf is a flagship five-masted sailing yacht operated by Windstar Cruises, launched in 1990 and accommodating 342 passengers across 150 staterooms and 18 suites.^[143] This hybrid vessel combines computer-controlled sails with motor propulsion, enabling efficient cruising at speeds up to 15 knots on routes through the Caribbean and Mediterranean seas.^[144] Its design prioritizes intimate, upscale experiences with features like a spa and open-seating dining, distinguishing it as a motor-sailing ship built at a cost of approximately USD 65 million.^[144] In recreational boating, surf boats refer to inboard vessels engineered for wakesurfing, featuring hulls optimized to produce rideable waves without external tow ropes. The Malibu Surf Gate system, debuted in 2013, represents a pioneering technology that deploys adjustable tabs to elongate the hull and redirect water flow, creating customizable, clean waves on either side of the boat at the push of a button.^[145] This innovation, now licensed to other manufacturers, marked a shift from manual adjustments to automated wave shaping in the 2010s.^[146] Leading brands like MasterCraft and Supra produce wakesurf-specific models with integrated systems for enhanced performance. MasterCraft's boats incorporate triple hard-tank ballast setups tailored to each hull, filling with water to increase displacement and amplify wake height.^[147] Supra vessels employ surf tabs and wake plates alongside ballast to sculpt tall, pushy waves with extended ride zones.^[148] Common design elements across these boats include wedge plates—such as Malibu's Power Wedge III, which simulates up to 1,500 pounds of additional ballast by redirecting stern flow—and V-drive inboard engines that position the propeller forward for safer, cleaner surf waves.^[149]^[150] The development and adoption of these surf boats surged in the post-2000s era, coinciding with wakesurfing's transition from niche experimentation to a mainstream watersport, fueled by ballast innovations and automated shapers that made consistent waves accessible to recreational users.^[151] By the 2010s, manufacturers reported exponential growth in demand, with specialized hulls becoming standard for producing surfable wakes up to several feet high.^[152]

Education and Research

Academic Programs

In the Netherlands, SURF (Stichting SURF) is an IT cooperative founded on March 25, 1987, by fourteen universities to collaboratively provide network and computing services for education and research, building on earlier initiatives dating back to 1971.^[153]^[154] Today, it unites over 100 educational and research institutions, including universities, universities of applied sciences, university medical centers, and research institutes, to innovate in ICT infrastructure and services.^[155]^[156] SURF offers specialized services such as SURFdrive, a personal cloud storage solution based on open-source Nextcloud software, enabling secure file storage, synchronization, and sharing across Dutch institutions.^[157] In recent years, it has expanded into artificial intelligence tools, including the EduGenAI platform developed in collaboration with Npuls, which supports safe and responsible use of generative AI in higher education to enhance teaching, learning, and digital tool effectiveness while addressing biases and inequalities.^[158]^[159] In the United States, SURF programs refer to Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowships, which provide hands-on research opportunities for undergraduates in STEM fields. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) SURF, established in 1993, is an 11-week paid program hosted at NIST laboratories in Gaithersburg, Maryland, and Boulder, Colorado, where students work on projects in areas like physics, engineering, materials science, and nanotechnology under mentorship from NIST scientists and engineers.^[160] Similarly, the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) SURF, offered since the 1970s and expanded to include engineering-focused initiatives, immerses students in 10-week summer research across disciplines, including biomedical engineering, optics, and projects at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), with opportunities for seminars by faculty and engineers.^[161]^[162] These SURF programs significantly impact student development by providing stipends—such as $7,950 (as of 2025) at Caltech and competitive payments at NIST—to fund undergraduate research projects, fostering skills in cutting-edge STEM areas and encouraging careers in science and engineering.^[160]^[163] In the 2020s, they have driven digital innovation in STEM, with initiatives like SURF.nl's AI platforms promoting equitable access to advanced technologies in education and research, while U.S. programs like NIST SURF expose students to measurement science and standards that underpin technological advancements.^[164]^[160]

Instructional and Training

Surf academies provide structured environments for learning surfing skills, often tailored to specific needs and age groups. The Surf Education Academy in La Jolla, California, operating since the 2010s, specializes in premium surf lessons, camps, and adaptive programs designed for individuals with disabilities, partnering with the Challenged Athletes Foundation to offer inclusive clinics at La Jolla Shores Beach.^[165]^[166] These programs emphasize safety, ocean education, and skill progression for participants of all abilities, including those with physical challenges, using specialized equipment and trained instructors.^[167] Similarly, Club Ed in Santa Cruz, California, runs summer surf camps that cater primarily to pre-teens and teenagers, with sessions focused on building foundational surfing techniques, water confidence, and environmental awareness at locations like Manresa Beach.^[168]^[169] Certifications ensure instructors meet global standards for teaching surfing safely and effectively. The International Surfing Association (ISA) establishes these through its Surf Level 1 Instructor Certification, recognized as the industry benchmark for surf coaches worldwide, requiring practical surfing proficiency, teaching methodology, and risk assessment skills.^[170]^[171] Integral to these standards is safety training on ocean hazards, delivered via courses like the ISA/ILS Water Safety program, which covers rip currents, marine life risks, rescue procedures, and hazard identification to prevent accidents in dynamic coastal environments.^[172]^[173] Surfing instruction extends globally, with notable programs in key destinations highlighting the sport's international appeal. In Hawaii, the Hans Hedemann Surf School, founded in 1995, delivers lessons for beginners to advanced surfers across Waikiki Beach and the North Shore, incorporating local wave knowledge and progressive coaching.^[174]^[175] In Australia, Rip Curl-backed surf camps, such as those at Surf Camp Australia, provide multi-day experiences with professional instruction, equipment rentals, and accommodations, often using Rip Curl gear to support skill-building in beginner-friendly spots like Seven Mile Beach.^[176]^[177] This global reach has intensified a youth focus in surfing education since the 2000s, driven by the sport's rising popularity; for instance, youth participation in the United States grew from approximately 1.2 million in 2006 to over 2.5 million by 2020, prompting expanded camps and academies aimed at young learners.^[178]

Other Uses

Acronyms and Abbreviations

In scientific and technological contexts, the acronym SURF commonly denotes Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship, referring to a suite of competitive programs across U.S. universities and federal laboratories that provide undergraduate students with paid summer opportunities to engage in mentored research projects, primarily in STEM disciplines.^[160] These initiatives aim to foster interest in graduate studies and careers in research by immersing participants in real-world scientific inquiry, often resulting in co-authored publications or presentations.^[161] The SURF model traces its origins to the late 1970s, with the California Institute of Technology launching one of the earliest iterations in 1979 to pair students with faculty for interdisciplinary projects in fields like engineering and physical sciences.^[161] By the 1980s and into the 1990s, the framework expanded through federal grants, such as those from the National Science Foundation, leading to widespread adoption at institutions including Purdue University and the University of Arkansas, where programs emphasized hands-on experimentation and skill development.^[179]^[180] Examples include the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) SURF, active since the 1990s, which places students in labs focusing on measurement science and technology, and similar efforts at Carnegie Mellon University offering stipends for 8-10 weeks of full-time research.^[160] In defense-related research, SURF programs supported by the Department of Defense (DoD) have operated since the 1990s, enabling undergraduates to contribute to projects in areas like materials science and cybersecurity at DoD-affiliated facilities, often through partnerships with universities and labs to build a pipeline of talent for national security technologies.^[181] Beyond education, SURF stands for Speeded Up Robust Features, a patented algorithm in computer vision for detecting and describing local image features that are invariant to scale, rotation, and illumination changes, introduced in 2006 to accelerate applications like object recognition and 3D reconstruction.^[182] This method approximates Gaussian derivatives using integral images for efficiency, achieving performance comparable to SIFT while being approximately three times faster, and has been widely adopted in software libraries such as OpenCV.^[183] In graphics software, SURF has been used to denote tools like the open-source surf visualizer for rendering algebraic curves and surfaces, though it lacks a formalized "Simple Universal Rendering Framework" designation; instead, related concepts involve surfel-based rendering primitives for efficient surface approximation in complex scenes.^[184]^[185]

Miscellaneous References

Surf wax is a paraffin-based product designed to provide traction on surfboards by creating a grippy surface when applied to the deck, preventing surfers from slipping during rides.^[186]^[187] Developed in the early 1970s, the iconic Sex Wax brand was founded in 1972 by surfer Frederick Charles Herzog III, known as Mr. Zog, and chemist Nate Skinner in California, revolutionizing board grip with its sticky formula inspired by everyday waxes.^[188] Beyond surfboards, surf wax has practical applications such as molding into makeshift ear plugs to protect against water ingress during surfing or shaping into fishing lures for added buoyancy and scent retention.^[189] In culinary contexts, "surf and turf" refers to a dish combining seafood from the "surf"—typically lobster or shrimp—with land-based meat like steak or beef, symbolizing a fusion of ocean and terrestrial flavors.^[190] The term and concept gained popularity in the United States during the 1960s, with early mentions appearing in print by 1961 and the dish becoming a staple in steakhouses, often featuring imported frozen lobster tails paired with premium cuts.^[191] Surf casting is a fishing technique where anglers cast bait or lures from a shoreline, beach, or jetty directly into breaking waves or the surf zone to target species like striped bass or bluefish that inhabit nearshore waters. This method relies on specialized long rods and heavy sinkers to achieve distance and hold bait in currents, distinguishing it from pier or boat fishing by emphasizing beach-based precision.^[192] In the Pokémon video game series, developed by Game Freak and first released in 1996, Surf is a Water-type move that inflicts damage by generating a massive wave to attack opponents, while also serving as a field utility for traversing bodies of water when taught via HM03 (Hidden Machine 03).^[193] As a core mechanic in titles from Generation I onward, Surf has become a cultural staple in gaming, inspiring memes about unconventional Pokémon using the move, such as land-based creatures awkwardly "surfing" across seas in fan art and animations.^[194]

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One of the seven natural wonders of the world, Maverick's is that rarest of things: not just a perfect wave and not just a giant wave but a perfect, giant wave.
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Mechanics of Supertubos, Portugal -- Peniche's Barreling Beachbreak
Oct 15, 2018 · S swells south of 191° are either heavily shadowed or completely blocked, while SSW-SW swells are usually prefrontal windswell events and come ...
[88]
Supertubos Surf Guide - Surfline
Supertubos is one of the best waves in Europe. There's one main peak with a super-fast (though makeable) left, and a somewhat shorter right.
[89]
Uluwatu Surf Guide - Surfline
Uluwatu has multiple breaks, ideal for chest high to 2-3x overhead surf, best with low to mid tides. It's for intermediate to advanced surfers, with a relaxed ...
[90]
Uluwatu Surf Report, Surf Forecast and Surf Cams - Surfline
Uluwatu is actually a series of breaks on the southwest tip of the Bukit Peninsula: The Racetrack, The Peak, Temples, Outside Corner and The Bombie.Uluwatu Surf Guide · Padang Padang Surf Report · Bingin Surf Report & Forecast
[91]
Bali to Biarritz: How to stop surf spot overcrowding | Adventure.com
Jul 30, 2025 · While surf tourism has brought economic benefits, it's not without its challenges, such as localism, overcrowding and ecological strain.Missing: 2020s | Show results with:2020s
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Bali to Biarritz: Surf spot overcrowding and the fight to protect the ...
Jul 2, 2025 · During high seasons, beaches such as Côte des Basques in Biarritz become overcrowded, straining relations between experienced surfers, instructors and novices.Missing: 2020s | Show results with:2020s
[93]
surf | suckless.org software that sucks less
surf is a simple web browser based on WebKit2/GTK+. It is able to display websites and follow links. It supports the XEmbed protocol.PatchesSurf browser, a WebKit based ...FilesScreenshotSurf.1
[94]
Digital Surf: the surface analysis experts
Digital Surf was founded in 1989 by two French engineers with a passion for image analysis. The company began humbly—in a 60 m² apartment loaned by one of ...
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Digital Surf
Digital Surf also provides Mountains® software packages directly to instrument users. Mountains® has an installed base of 25,000+ licenses worldwide, is ...MountainsMap® softwareFree trialMountains® product rangeSoftware updatesMountains® surface analysis ...
[96]
The Enterprise Zero Trust Browser
Founded in London, UK in 2022, SURF Security is an endpoint browser-SASE (secure access service edge) cybersecurity company that has created the world's first ...Full Zero Trust BrowserAbout SurfUse CasesSurf ExtensionSolution
[97]
AWS Marketplace: SURF Security Enterprise Zero-Trust Browser
A revolutionary browser built from the ground up with security at its core. It employs proactive threat detection, zero trust access principles, and a familiar ...
[98]
Software | Endless Surf | Industry leading surf park engineering
The Endless Surf Software Suite links together guest-management and wave pool operations, creating a surf experience unlike any other.
[99]
Wave Creation | Endless Surf | Industry leading surf park engineering
Feb 16, 2022 · Wave creation is both an art and a science. With our proprietary Swell Studio software, we've taken care of the wave programming science.
[100]
[PDF] Page 1 Surfing the Internet Jean Armour Polly Surfing the ... - Net-mom
Surfing the INTERNET: an Introduction. Jean Armour Polly _Assistant Director, Public Services _Liverpool Public. Library _310 Tulip St. _Liverpool, NY 13088 ...
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channel surf, v. meanings, etymology and more
1980s. The earliest known use of the verb channel surf is in the 1980s. OED's earliest evidence for channel surf is from 1986, in Wall Street Journal.Missing: origin | Show results with:origin
[102]
When did we stop 'surfing' the Web? - The Washington Post
Jan 30, 2015 · When America stopped 'surfing' the Web. Frequency of the phrase "surf the Web" per million words, 1990 to 2012.
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Malware of the 90s: Remembering the Michelangelo and Melissa ...
Nov 12, 2018 · Discovered in 1991, the Michelangelo virus was designed to infect DOS systems, more specifically the master boot record of the hard disk and the ...
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The science behind doomscrolling - ABC News
Nov 28, 2020 · Doomscrolling, a word that describes the act of obsessively reading bad news despite the onset of anxiety, only entered the popular vernacular this year.
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Surf's brand history of great cleaning
Surf started off in the 1950s and '60s as the leading washing powder making brand, and over the years has continued its journey of innovation and excellence.
[106]
Unilever PLC | Encyclopedia.com
HISTORICAL CONTEXT In the early 1950s Lever Brothers introduced Surf as a detergent to compete with Tide, which debuted in 1946. Although Surf established a ...
[107]
Behind The Making Of Surf Excel And It's Sucess Story - InsideIIM
Sep 26, 2021 · Hindustan Unilever Limited pioneered Surf as an NSD (non-soapy detergent) powder made from petrochemicals, in 1957. It hit the shelves in 1959 ...Missing: 1950s | Show results with:1950s
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[PDF] laundry detergent industry - US EPA
By 1984, 98% of all laundry detergents sold in the country were phosphate-free. Rest of the World. In 1995, phosphates remained unbanned and still widely used ...
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Business | The ripple effect of cutting water - BBC NEWS
Feb 2, 2009 · How Unilever's move to make detergent more concentrated is having a knock on effect with other environmental benefits.
[110]
Australian laundry detergents to be phosphate-free by 2014
Jun 12, 2011 · It comes after Unilever, which makes Surf, Drive and Omo laundry, announced in April its products would no longer contain phosphate, which has a ...
[111]
The Untold Quiksilver Brand History: 7 Milestones That Shaped Surf ...
Aug 23, 2025 · It all began in 1969, when Alan Green, a wetsuit maker in Torquay, Victoria, spotted a gap in the market: surfers needed better boardshorts.
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https://www.encyclopedia.com/marketing/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/unilever-plc
[113]
Quiksilver Founder Alan Green Succumbs to Cancer Battle at 77
Jan 15, 2025 · Launching the surfwear giant in 1969 with a $2,500 loan from his dad, Green helped create an industry that would capture the world's imagination ...
[114]
In the Beginning | History - Rip Curl
In March of 1969 two surfing friends Doug "Claw" Warbrick and Brian "Sing Ding" Singer started Rip Curl. The Ultimate Surfing Company ... wetsuit dive company ...
[115]
Rip Curl Wetsuits - Over 40 years of wetsuit innovation
Aug 8, 2013 · Founded in 1969, Rip Curl began making wetsuits a year later, combining their knowledge and experience from diving wetsuit manufacturing and ...<|separator|>
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[117]
The History of Billabong: A Legacy in Surf Culture - Bundlex
Jun 17, 2024 · Established in 1973, Billabong has grown from a small Australian surfwear company into a global powerhouse known for its high-quality surf clothing and ...
[118]
The story of Ron Jon Surf Shop - SurferToday.com
Founded in 1961 by Ron DiMenna, Ron Jon Surf Shop opened in a trailer park, became a surf Mecca, and now has the world's largest surf shop.
[119]
Paddle Out for Ron DiMenna- Founder of Ron Jon Surf Shop
Oct 14, 2025 · In 1961, he opened his first surf shop on Long Beach Island ... Ron Jon is now the world's largest surf retailer by an order of magnitude.
[120]
The fascinating history of wetsuits - Volcom
American physicist Hugh Bradner invented the first neoprene wetsuit in 1952, while working for the US Navy.
[121]
The History of the Wetsuit, One of Surfing's Most Important Inventions
Feb 16, 2021 · Wetsuits have been key to advancing surfing in cold climates and O'Neill was at the center of the innovation.
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https://beachgrit.com/2025/09/rip-curls-pivot-to-transgender-market-blamed-for-mass-store-closures-and-83-million-loss/
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https://www.billabong.com/pages/50-years-of-billabong
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https://www.bundlex.com/en/blog/fashion-tips/the-history-of-billabong/
[125]
Surfing Equipment Market Size, Share | CAGR of 6.6%
The global surfing equipment market size is expected to be worth around USD 8.5 Billion by 2034, from USD 4.5 Billion in 2024, growing at a CAGR of 6.6%.
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Sustainable Surf Gear Purchase Guide
These sustainable materials include repurposed coconut husks, discarded fishing nets, post-consumer recycled plastic bottles, and 100% organic cotton.
[127]
25 Surf Brands Known for Their Apparel Excellence in 2025
Oct 17, 2025 · The 2000s and 2010s saw a surge in eco-conscious surf brands like Outerknown (founded by Kelly Slater) and Patagonia, emphasizing recycled ...6. Volcom: Surf, Skate, And... · 10. Rvca: Art, Surf, And... · Which Surf Brands Have The...<|control11|><|separator|>
[128]
USN Ships--USS Surf (SP-341), 1917-1919. - Ibiblio
USS Surf was built in 1911 at Quincy, Massachusetts, as a 252 gross ton commercial fishing trawler. Leased by the Navy in April 1917, she was placed in ...
[129]
USN Ships -- by Hull Number: SP-500 through SP-599 - Ibiblio
Feb 18, 2011 · Also named Norman and Oneonota. USN: Naushon, 1918-1920; SP-518: Surf. 398 gross ton steam yacht, 1898. No U.S. Navy service. No image ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[130]
U. S. Navy Section Patrol (SP) and Identification (ID) Numbers, 1916 ...
Between 1916 and 1941 the U.S. Navy assigned over 5,000 Section Patrol (SP) and Identification (ID) numbers in a single series to ships and craft that it ...
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The Evolution of Ship Naming in the U.S. Navy
Jun 5, 2024 · Submarines were renamed in 1911, however, and carried alphanumeric names such as A-1, C-1, H-3, L-7, and the like until 1931, when “fish and ...
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Wind Surf | Small Cruise Ship | Windstar Cruise Line
Wind Surf is a 342-guest flagship with a new spa, renovated spaces, and a unique Officer's Suite. It has 150 staterooms and 18 suites.
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Wind Surf Itinerary, Current Position, Ship Review | CruiseMapper
Rating 4.0 (301) Specifications of Wind Surf ; Class, 5-masted motor sailing ship ; Building cost, USD 65 million ; Speed, 15 kn / 28 km/h / 17 mph ; Length (LOA), 187 m / 614 ft.Missing: details | Show results with:details
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The Truth in Surf Gate - Malibu Boats
Malibu Boats' Surf Gate® is the wake boat industry's original wake shaper. Designed to create the perfect wakesurfing wave at the touch of a button ...
[135]
Malibu Boats Licenses Its Revolutionary Surf Gate to Chaparral Boats
Aug 26, 2016 · Chaparral, recognizing that Malibu's Surf Gate™ was the first and is still the best performing surf innovation on the market, will manufacture ...
[136]
ballast systems - MasterCraft
A triple hard tank ballast system is standard on all XT and NXT boats. · Ballast systems were specially designed for each model of MasterCraft boats to enhance ...
[137]
Experience the Ultimate Wake Surfing Machine - Supra Boat
Mar 29, 2023 · They are equipped with various features such as ballast systems, surf tabs, and wake plates that are engineered to create a tall wave with a ...
[138]
Wakeboard & Wakesurf Wedge Adjustment Tips and Tricks
Malibu's Power Wedge™ III adds up to 1,500 pounds of simulated ballast to make the perfect wakeboard wake or surf wave on your Malibu.Missing: systems plates
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Wake Boats: Endless Waves - BoatUS
A wakeboat fills its ballast tanks to increase the boat's displacement. ... Others are a blade, wedge, or contoured plate that is designed to redirect the ...
[140]
Wakesurfing: New inland water sport on the rise - Men's Journal
Dec 5, 2019 · More than two decades later it seems a new version of wakeboarding, minus the tow-rope and foot-straps, called “wakesurfing” is beginning to ...
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The history of SURF | SURF.nl
For more than 50 years SURF's been the innovative force for ict in education and research. It all starts in Amsterdam, where three institutes want to do ...
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[PDF] SURF is the ICT cooperative of Dutch education
SURF's history goes back to 1971, although SURF itself was not founded until 1987. ... SURF is a founding member of SIDN, the. Stichting Internet. SIDN.
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SURF.nl: SURF is the collaborative organisation for IT in Dutch ...
About SURF · NL Nederlands. Home. SURF is the IT cooperative of education and research. Scroll to content. This is how we innovate IT in education and research.SURF Research Access... · SURF Research Cloud · SURF Research Day · Edu.nl
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About SURF | SURF.nl
SURF is the IT cooperative of Dutch education and research institutions. The members, the owners of SURF, join forces to develop or procure the best possible ...Contact with SURF · The history of SURF · Support from SURF · What SURF does
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SURFdrive | SURF.nl
SURFdrive is the personal cloud storage service for Dutch education and research. SURFdrive is based on Nextcloud, which is an open-source on-premise software.
[147]
Artificial intelligence | SURF.nl
Together with Npuls, we are working on EduGenAI: a platform that enables the safe and responsible use of generative AI in higher education. We commissioned ...
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Working on safe and responsible AI in education | SURF.nl
Sep 1, 2025 · Together with Npuls, we are working on EduGenAI: a platform that enables the safe and responsible use of generative AI in higher education.Missing: universities | Show results with:universities
[149]
Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) | NIST
Spend your summer with us for 11 weeks of hands-on lab experience with world-class mentors in one of NIST's six labs or other offices.SURF Application · Research Opportunities in... · SURF FAQs · Boulder, Colorado
[150]
SURF at Caltech - Student-Faculty Programs
To enrich the research experience, SURF Fellows are invited to attend the following: Weekly seminars by Caltech faculty & JPL scientists and engineers; An ...LIGO SURF · Off-Campus SURF · Eligibility · Application Information
[151]
SURF@JPL - Student-Faculty Programs - Caltech
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowships (SURF)@JPL provides students the opportunity to conduct research under the guidance of experienced mentors.
[152]
Caltech's Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowships (SURF ...
Caltech's Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowships (SURF) program introduces students to research under the guidance of seasoned research mentors at Caltech ...
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AI in education | SURF.nl
AI can assist teachers, improve learning, enhance learning, and make digital tools more effective, but it can also reinforce biases and increase inequality.Missing: universities | Show results with:universities
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Surf Education Academy - Your Gateway to Surfing in San Diego, CA
Surf Education Academy is located at La Jolla Shores and is San Diego's Premium Surfing Academy, offering top notch experiences for Surf Lessons, Surf Camps, ...
[155]
Adaptive Surf Clinic - Challenged Athletes Foundation
Join CAF and SEA for a morning of Adaptive Surf at La Jolla Shores Beach where you will become confident on the waves in a supportive and safe environment.Missing: Academy | Show results with:Academy<|control11|><|separator|>
[156]
Surf Education Academy Goes Beyond The Basics Of Surfing - STAB
Apr 14, 2021 · Sean Brody, the founder of Surf Education Academy, told the La Jolla Light, “We have a unique approach to the way we teach and work with our ...
[157]
Summer Surf Camps - Club Ed Surf School and Camps
The first camp session of the summer is designated for adults only while the remaining five are geared for pre-teen and teenage kids. (831) 464-0177.Location -- Manresa Beach · Instructions And Equipment · 2026 Summer
[158]
Best Surf School, Lessons & Camps - Santa Cruz, CA - Club Ed Surf ...
Club Ed Surf School and Camps in Santa Cruz has a Lessons and Rental Trailer located on Cowell Beach. · They are voted as the Best Surf School in Santa Cruz and ...Camps · Rentals · Contact · About Ed
[159]
ISA Coaching - International Surfing Association
The ISA Surf Level 1 Certification is the industry standard for surf Instructors at quality surf schools around the world. This is also the most popular ISA ...
[160]
ISA Level 1 Surf Instructor: Complete Guide to Requirements & Skills
Oct 26, 2025 · Want to become an ISA Level 1 Surf Instructor? Learn the exact skills, surfing level, and knowledge required to pass the certification exam ...
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ISA/ILS Ocean Safety Course - SaltLife Academy
The ISA/ILS course trains in CPR, first aid, unconscious board rescue, ocean behavior, and hazard management. It is not a stand-alone lifeguard course.
[162]
Becoming a Certified Surfer: ISA Surf Level 1 Certification Guide
ISA Surf Level 1 covers essential safety protocols, including identifying hazards, managing risks, and performing water rescues. Surfboard Knowledge ...
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Hans Hedemann Surf School: Surf Lessons Waikiki | Learn to Surf
Hans Hedemann is a well-known surfer from Honolulu, Hawaii. He grew up surfing the North Shore and South Shores of Oahu. Right out of high school he started ...Surf LessonsAbout Hans HedemannNorth ShoreLearn to Surf in WaikikiAbout Us
[164]
Hans Hedemann Surf School (2025) - All You Need to ... - Tripadvisor
Surf School established in 1995 by pro surfer Hans Hedemann. We provide 2 hour lessons daily for surfing, stand up paddling and body boarding.<|control11|><|separator|>
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SURF CAMP AUSTRALIA | Learn to Surf - Eat - Sleep
Learn to surf in Australia. Visit Seven Mile Beach, Byron Bay and Sydney with surf camps of different lengths. Our surf lessons are fully inclusive and fun.THE WEEKENDER // 2-DAY ...The ultimate experience // 5 ...THE EXPERIENCE // 3-DAY ...Drop In DealsSURF CAMP HOUSE
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https://www.challengedathletes.org/events/adaptive-surf-clinic-sdtc/
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https://stabmag.com/elsewhere/surf-education-academy-goes-beyond-the-basics/
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State Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF)
The fellowship program is designed to provide high-achieving students the funds to conduct in-depth research in various fields.Missing: acronym | Show results with:acronym
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Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF)
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowships (SURF) is an excellent opportunity for undergraduate students to gain hands-on research experience and explore ...Prospective SURF Applicants · Past Years of SURF · SURF Program Policies and...Missing: acronym | Show results with:acronym
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in MD AND that are a Summer Research Opportunity
The American Physiological Society (APS) Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowships (SURF) ... U.S. Department of Defense. (Washington, DC). Naval Research ...
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[PDF] SURF: Speeded Up Robust Features
In this paper, we present a novel scale- and rotation-invariant interest point detector and descriptor, coined SURF (Speeded Up Ro- bust Features). It ...
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Introduction to SURF (Speeded-Up Robust Features) - OpenCV
SURF adds a lot of features to improve the speed in every step. Analysis shows it is 3 times faster than SIFT while performance is comparable to SIFT.
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surf download | SourceForge.net
Rating 5.0 (1) · Free · LinuxSep 29, 2024 · Download surf for free. surf is a tool to visualize algebraic curves and algebraic surfaces. It is written in C++.Missing: Universal Framework
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(PDF) Rendering By Surfels - ResearchGate
The rendering algorithm is simple and requires no coherence in order to be efficient. It will also be shown that the points may be rendered in random order ...
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Decode the mysteries of surf wax - Wave Pool Mag
Mar 22, 2023 · Paraffin wax is derived from petroleum, coal, or oil shale. And even many of the alternatives to paraffin, like soy wax, involve non-renewable ...
[176]
How to Make Your Own Incredible Regular and Organic Surf Wax
Basic Surf Wax. Here are the ingredients: Paraffin wax; Microcrystalline wax; Petroleum jelly; Adhesive (Vistanex); Small amounts of scent and dye if ...
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The curious story of Mr. Zog's Sex Wax - SurferToday.com
Mr. Zog's Sex Wax is a surf company founded in 1972 by Frederick Charles Herzog III and his chemist partner Nate Skinner.
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the many, many uses for surf wax - RealSurf Surfers' Forum
Jul 7, 2009 · Surf wax can be used for ear plugs, fishing lures, sealing spas, candles, car headlight repair, and even as a fashion accessory.Missing: beyond | Show results with:beyond
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Where Did The Surf And Turf Originate? - Tasting Table
Aug 5, 2024 · And other publications suggest that a chef in Rochester, New York, Chef Joseph Castelli, invented Surf & Turf in 1959, serving up lobster tail ...Missing: credible source
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Surf 'n' turf - Restaurant-ing through history
Mar 28, 2016 · In the 1960s steak and seafood dinners became popular across the US. The lobster component of the dinner was frozen lobster tails from South Africa.
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SURF CASTING Definition & Meaning - Dictionary.com
Surf casting definition: the act, technique, or sport of fishing by casting from the shoreline into the sea, usually using heavy-duty tackle.
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Surf | Pokémon moves - Pokemon Database
Effects. Surf deals damage. In double battles it will hit all Pokémon on the field; in triple battles it will hit all adjacent Pokémon.
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Memes / Pokémon Games - TV Tropes
... Surf. A growing trend is to cut to someone being hit by a projectile or a fish when the footage would normally cut to the launched Pokémon hitting the ...