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Wraith

A wraith is a supernatural apparition or ghost, typically manifesting as the exact likeness of a living person and appearing shortly before their death as an omen.^[1] Originating in Scottish folklore, it represents the disembodied spirit of an individual on the verge of dying or who has recently passed away, often serving as a harbinger rather than an actively malevolent entity.^[1] The term "wraith" entered the English language in the 1510s through Scottish dialect, with its etymology remaining uncertain but likely derived from either Old Norse vorðr, meaning "guardian," or Gaelic/Irish arrach, denoting a "specter" or "apparition."^[2] In traditional Scottish lore, wraiths were not always depicted as vengeful; instead, they embodied a spectral double or "fetch," a concept akin to other European folk beliefs in doppelgangers foretelling doom.^[2] This passive, ominous role distinguished them from more aggressive undead figures in broader mythology, emphasizing themes of mortality and the thin veil between life and the afterlife. Over time, the concept of the wraith has influenced literary and cultural depictions, evolving in Romanticist literature to include more figurative senses of shadowy or insubstantial forms.^[1] However, its core association remains rooted in 16th-century Scottish traditions, where sightings were interpreted as supernatural warnings tied to personal fate rather than widespread hauntings.^[2]

Mythology and Folklore

Etymology and Origins

The word wraith originated in Scots as wraith, entering English usage around 1513 with the meaning of a specter or ghost.^[2] Its earliest recorded appearance occurs in Gavin Douglas's Middle Scots translation of Virgil's Aeneid, where it refers to apparitions of both the living and the dead, such as in the line describing "no vain wraiths nor quaint ghosts."^[3] The etymology remains uncertain, but scholars propose a connection to Old Norse varðr (or vörðr), meaning "guardian" or "warden," suggesting an initial sense of a protective or watchful spirit.^[2] Alternative derivations include Gaelic or Irish arrach, denoting an apparition.^[2] In 16th-century Scottish folklore, the wraith emerged as a specific supernatural entity, depicted in early texts as the visible apparition of a living person—resembling a doppelgänger or fetch—serving as a portent of imminent death.^[4] Such sightings were interpreted as omens, with the wraith embodying the person's soul on the verge of departure, often appearing to family or close associates shortly before the individual's passing.^[4] This concept aligned with broader traditions of premonitory spirits in Northern European lore, though the wraith was distinctly tied to Scottish cultural narratives of the era.^[5] By the 18th century, the term's meaning had broadened significantly, shifting from a precise omen of death for the living to a more general designation for a ghost, specter, or insubstantial phantom of the deceased.^[5] This evolution reflected changing linguistic and cultural attitudes toward the supernatural, where the wraith became synonymous with any eerie, ethereal figure rather than solely a harbinger.^[1] The Oxford English Dictionary traces this sense to attestations around 1755, including references to water-wraiths as malevolent aquatic spirits.^[5]

Characteristics and Cultural Depictions

In traditional folklore, a wraith is depicted as an ethereal, ghostly apparition resembling a living person, often serving as an omen of imminent death and visible primarily to the doomed individual or those with second sight.^[6] These spirits are considered insubstantial, lacking physical form, and capable of appearing motionless or gliding silently, evoking a sense of supernatural detachment from the material world.^[6] Physically, wraiths are described with pale complexions and dull, lifeless eyes, manifesting as shadowy doubles or exact likenesses of the person they foretell, sometimes appearing in shrouds or coffins to heighten the portent of mortality.^[6] Unlike solid entities, they possess no tangible substance, allowing them to traverse barriers such as walls without hindrance, reinforcing their otherworldly essence.^[7] This formless quality underscores their role as harbingers rather than interactive beings, often emitting a faint cry or wail that signals impending doom.^[7] In Scottish tradition, wraiths frequently appear as "fetches"—spectral doubles of the living—foretelling death or prosperity, such as when a person's likeness is seen by relatives, confirming the event upon its occurrence shortly after.^[6] Irish folklore presents similar variants through the fetch, portrayed as a mere shadow or apparition of a living individual, akin to second sight visions and regarded as a dire omen of the viewer's own demise or that of a loved one.^[8] These Irish fetches share banshee-like traits as passive harbingers, announcing death through subtle appearances rather than overt vengeance, though banshees emphasize wailing over visual doppelgangers.^[9] Across broader European folklore, wraiths connect to restless spirits, sometimes manifesting as elusive lights like will-o'-the-wisps, which lure wanderers and symbolize unbound souls unable to find peace.^[10] Psychologically, encounters with wraiths instill profound dread and a sense of inevitability, portraying death as an inexorable fate guided by higher forces, in contrast to the active malice of vengeful ghosts.^[6] This passive, prophetic nature positions them as benevolent warnings from guardian spirits, blending terror with a perceived divine purpose.^[6]

Fiction

Comics and Literature Characters

In Marvel Comics, Wraith (formerly Zak-Del) serves as an alien bounty hunter originating from the Kree Empire, debuting in the 2007 miniseries Annihilation: Conquest - Wraith. Possessed by symbiotic Exolon parasites following a traumatic exile, he gains abilities including energy and soul absorption to drain life force from targets, enhanced physical strength surpassing baseline Kree levels, rapid regenerative healing, and control over swarms of the parasites for combat.^[11] His character arc centers on vengeance against the secret Kree society that murdered his parents, propelling him into a nomadic mercenary existence that diverges from traditional folklore wraiths through sci-fi augmentations like a polymorphic weapon adaptable into blasters or whips, emphasizing themes of loss and relentless pursuit over mere haunting.^[11] In DC Comics, the character Wraith emerges as a powerful alien operative co-opted by the U.S. military as a clandestine superweapon, first appearing in Superman Unchained #1 (2013). Discovered after crash-landing on Earth during World War II, he exhibits superhuman capabilities such as immense strength, flight, invulnerability, heat vision, and energy manipulation for offensive blasts, positioning him as a formidable antagonist to Superman in conflicts involving government conspiracies. Unlike spectral folklore figures, Wraith's tangible, armored form and motivations rooted in enforced servitude to human authorities highlight a narrative of controlled power and ethical ambiguity, evolving from ally to adversary as his independence clashes with military oversight.^[12] Literary depictions of wraith-inspired characters often blend ghostly essence with profound psychological or cosmic horror. In H.P. Lovecraft's novella "The Dunwich Horror" (1929), wraith-like spectral entities manifest as invisible, otherworldly presences tied to the hybrid abomination born of the Whateley family's occult rituals, evoking dread through their intangible yet destructive incursions into the material world. These manifestations, heralded by eerie whippoorwill cries and driven by the inscrutable will of elder gods like Yog-Sothoth, lack individualized backstories but symbolize inevitable cosmic invasion, departing from folklore by prioritizing existential terror over personal grudge or undeath.^[13] J.R.R. Tolkien's epic The Lord of the Rings (1954) features the Nazgûl, also known as Ringwraiths, as nine spectral undead warriors once mortal kings enslaved by Sauron's Rings of Power, serving as his chief enforcers in the quest to reclaim the One Ring. Bound in eternal servitude, they possess abilities like flight on fell beasts, fear inducement through piercing cries, and visibility only in the unseen wraith-realm, their arcs defined by corrupted ambition turned to slavish loyalty that amplifies their horror. This fantasy reinterpretation enriches the wraith archetype with moral decay and hierarchical evil, contrasting folklore's solitary ghosts by embedding them in a grand conflict of free will versus domination.^[14] Across these works, wraith characters' motivations—vengeance in Wraith's galactic hunts or unyielding servitude in the Nazgûl—infuse traditional spectral motifs with layered plots and enhanced powers, such as energy draining or realm-shifting, to explore broader themes of control, loss, and otherworldly intrusion while maintaining an aura of intangible menace.

Fantasy Races and Creatures

In fantasy role-playing games and media, wraiths are often depicted as incorporeal undead entities driven by malevolent hunger for life energy, serving as formidable antagonists in various lore systems.^[15] In Dungeons & Dragons, the wraith was introduced as an undead creature in the first edition's Monster Manual in 1977, classified as a semi-transparent, shadowy humanoid with glowing red eyes that haunts dark places like ruins and dungeons.^[15] These beings possess a chilling touch that inflicts life-drain attacks, reducing a victim's energy levels by two per successful hit and potentially aging them by 10 years, with effects that can be negated by a saving throw against paralysis.^[15] Wraiths are highly intelligent and lawful evil, often leading packs of lesser undead like shadows, and can only be harmed by magical or silver weapons while being immune to sleep, charm, cold, poison, and paralysis.^[15] Variants such as the dread wraith appear in later editions like 3.5e, offering a more powerful iteration with enhanced strength and size.^[16] Within the Forgotten Realms campaign setting of Dungeons & Dragons, wraiths emerge from concentrations of negative energy in cursed or desecrated areas, manifesting as swirling mists of darkness with vague skeletal forms and piercing red-glowing eyes.^[17] They embody pockets of destructive negative energy that prevent their souls from reaching the afterlife, fueling their eternal hatred of the living.^[17] A key ability is their create spawn mechanic, where a humanoid slain by a wraith's life-drain attack rises 24 hours later as a lesser undead specter under the wraith's control, unless restored by magic like dispel evil and good.^[17] This process reinforces their role as propagators of undeath in blighted regions, immune to non-magical attacks and resistant to necrotic damage.^[17] The Stargate franchise reimagines wraiths as a vampiric alien hive species introduced in the 2004 series Stargate: Atlantis, evolving from an insectoid-humanoid hybrid that dominates the Pegasus Galaxy.^[18] Organized in hierarchical hives aboard massive organic hive ships, they sustain themselves by feeding on human life force through palm-mounted suckers that perform a palpating drain, leaving victims desiccated and potentially addictive to the process.^[18] At the apex of their society sits a queen per hive, who oversees reproduction, telepathic coordination among drones and worshippers, and strategic cullings of planetary populations, often allying with rival queens despite inherent distrust.^[18] Their regenerative biology allows rapid healing from injuries, complemented by hibernation cycles lasting centuries to conserve resources between feedings.^[18] In World of Warcraft, wraiths manifest as spectral undead remnants of tormented souls, prominently featured in haunted zones like the plagued city of Stratholme in the Eastern Plaguelands.^[19] Exemplified by elite entities such as The Unforgiven—a former champion twisted into an eternal wraith by unholy pursuits—these beings patrol shadowed streets, channeling waves of shadow damage and sorrow that slow targets while inflicting ongoing necrotic harm over several seconds.^[19] They employ summoning mechanics to conjure vengeful phantoms as adds during combat, overwhelming groups with ethereal minions that must be dispatched before focusing the primary threat.^[20] Though not always frost-based, some wraith variants in plaguelands lore incorporate chilling spectral assaults, evoking the Scourge's icy corruption to drain vitality and summon frozen shades.^[21]

Fictional Vehicles and Technology

In the Stargate Atlantis television series, the Wraith Dart serves as a primary combat and harvesting vessel for the Wraith, characterized by its sleek, organic design resembling a manta ray, constructed from bio-engineered materials that integrate seamlessly with the Wraith's physiology. This single-pilot fighter is capable of hyperspace travel, atmospheric flight, and even passage through Stargates, emphasizing agility over heavy armor. Its key technology includes a culling beam—a tractor-like energy projector that selectively abducts human victims from planetary surfaces for transport to an onboard holding area, where they are stored as sustenance for the Wraith crew. Additionally, the Dart features offensive pulse cannons emitting blue energy blasts for stunning or destroying targets, and defensive systems that allow cloaking in certain conditions, all powered by an organic power core that regenerates through absorbed life energy.^[22] Complementing the Dart, Wraith hive ships represent massive motherships integral to the Wraith fleet, functioning as mobile hive cities that house thousands of Wraith in hibernation chambers while supporting large-scale cullings and interstellar warfare. These colossal, beehive-shaped vessels, also organically grown rather than manufactured, span kilometers in length and possess self-repairing hulls derived from Wraith biology, enabling them to withstand significant damage during prolonged engagements. Hive ships deploy swarms of Darts via hangar bays and employ powerful energy weapons for planetary bombardment, alongside telepathic interfaces that allow Wraith queens to coordinate fleet actions intuitively across vast distances. Their propulsion systems enable faster-than-light travel without traditional hyperdrives, relying instead on subspace manipulation attuned to the Wraith's psychic hive mind.^[23] In the Warhammer 40,000 universe, Wraithlords embody advanced Aeldari (Eldar) technology as towering, humanoid war machines animated by the spirit stones of deceased heroes, serving as spectral guardians in battle. Crafted from wraithbone—a psycho-plastic material that responds to psychic impulses—these constructs stand over ten meters tall and are sculpted by specialized Bonesingers to mimic the form of their inhabiting soul, blending elegance with lethality. Once infused with a spirit stone containing the essence of a fallen warrior, the Wraithlord operates autonomously or under the guidance of a Spiritseer, who channels psychic commands to direct its movements and weaponry, such as bright lances or shuriken catapults. This fusion of technology and soul ensures unyielding loyalty and tactical brilliance, though overuse risks driving the spirit into a tormented "wraith rage" state.^[24] Within Marvel Comics' cosmic narratives, particularly the Annihilation: Conquest storyline, the character Wraith (Zak-Del) utilizes a specialized motorcycle-like spaceship as his primary vehicle, highlighting Kree-derived phase-shifting technology adapted for solo operations in interstellar conflicts. This craft, mentally controlled by its pilot through neural interfaces, facilitates rapid evasion and pursuit in zero-gravity environments, equipped with integrated energy guns for offensive capabilities. While not explicitly armored against vacuum exposure, it enables seamless transitions between planetary atmospheres and deep space, underscoring the Wraith's role as a nomadic warrior against threats like the Phalanx. Complementing this is Wraith's polymorphic weapon, a talisman that shapeshifts into various tools or armaments based on psychic intent, exemplifying adaptive alien engineering in Marvel's space operas.^[11]

Film and Television

Films

The Wraith (1986) is an American supernatural action film directed and written by Mike Marvin, marking his feature directorial debut following his work on short films and commercials. The story centers on a mysterious, otherworldly figure known as the Wraith, portrayed by Charlie Sheen, who returns to a small Arizona town to exact revenge on a gang of thugs that murdered him and his girlfriend. Sheen plays multiple roles, including the Wraith's human alter ego, Jake Kesey, and the film features high-octane car chases and duels involving a futuristic turbocharged Dodge M4S Interceptor, a one-of-a-kind concept vehicle designed by designer Roy Sjoberg with a mid-engine layout and advanced aerodynamics for the era. Supporting cast includes Sherilyn Fenn as Keri Johnson, the gang leader's girlfriend who becomes entangled in the vengeance plot; Nick Cassavetes as the antagonist Packard Walsh; and Randy Quaid as the local sheriff investigating the supernatural events. Produced on a modest budget by New World Pictures, the film emphasizes themes of retribution and the supernatural, blending elements of horror and automotive spectacle, and received mixed reviews for its energetic action sequences despite criticisms of its thin plot and dialogue. It holds a 33% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on contemporary critiques, with audiences appreciating its cult appeal among car enthusiasts and 1980s nostalgia fans.^[25]^[26]^[27] In 2017 (released in 2018), director Michael O. Sajbel helmed another film titled Wraith, an independent supernatural thriller produced by Cinedigm and distributed on a limited basis, focusing on a family haunted by a ghostly presence in their old mansion. The plot follows the Lukens family—played by Ali Hillis as Katie, Jackson Hurst as Dennis, and Catherine Frances as their daughter Lucy—who, after a decade in the home, encounter eerie apparitions attempting to communicate, leading to revelations tied to the house's dark history and themes of regret and unresolved trauma. The film incorporates subtle possession-like elements through the ghost's influence on the living, culminating in a confrontation that explores spiritual redemption. With a runtime of approximately 100 minutes, it was marketed as a faith-infused horror story emphasizing pro-life messages amid the hauntings. Critical reception was lukewarm, earning a 29% score on Rotten Tomatoes from a small number of reviews that praised its atmospheric tension but noted uneven pacing and predictable tropes, while audience scores hovered around 3.5/10 on IMDb, reflecting its niche appeal in Christian and indie horror circles. Box office performance was minimal, grossing under $100,000 domestically as a direct-to-video and limited theatrical release.^[28]^[29]^[30] Films featuring wraiths often draw on motifs of vengeance and the supernatural boundary between life and death, as seen in the avenging spirit of The Wraith and the communicative hauntings in Sajbel's film, where otherworldliness manifests through ethereal pursuits—literal high-speed chases in the former and psychological confrontations in the latter—to underscore themes of justice and the lingering impact of past sins. These narratives prioritize the wraith as a spectral force driving conflict, blending horror with moral allegory rather than exhaustive lore exploration.^[31]^[32]

Television Series

In the science fiction television series Stargate Atlantis (2004–2009), the Wraith serve as the central antagonists across all five seasons, depicted as a vampiric, hive-minded species originating from the Pegasus Galaxy that sustains itself by draining the life force of humans through a specialized feeding organ in their palms.^[33] Introduced in the two-part pilot episode "Rising" (season 1, episodes 1–2), the Wraith awaken from hibernation to cull human populations, revealing their telepathic abilities that allow them to sense and connect with certain individuals, such as the Athosian leader Teyla Emmagan, who carries a latent Wraith genetic marker.^[34] Their society is matriarchal, structured around powerful queens who command worshipper drones, warriors, and scientists aboard massive organic hiveships, with internal hierarchies prone to betrayals and alliances, as seen in arcs involving retroviral experiments to alter their feeding dependency and civil conflicts among hive factions.^[35] Key episodes like "The Storm" and "The Eye" (season 1, episodes 10–11) escalate threats through Wraith sieges on Atlantis, while later seasons explore uneasy partnerships, such as with the recurring character Todd, a shrewd Wraith commander who aids the protagonists against common foes like Michael, a hybrid Wraith-human experiment. These serialized arcs emphasize the Wraith's technological prowess, including dart fighters, beaming devices, and zero-point modules, positioning them as an existential threat that drives the expedition team's survival strategies and moral dilemmas. The Wraith storylines significantly boosted Stargate Atlantis' viewership and critical reception, with Wraith-centric episodes often achieving peak ratings; for instance, the season 2 opener "The Siege" trilogy drew over 3 million U.S. viewers, reflecting heightened tension from ongoing invasions. Fan communities lauded the Wraith for their distinctive design—inspired by insects and ghouls—and complex lore, which contrasted with the more technological Goa'uld from Stargate SG-1, fostering deep engagement through online forums and conventions. This popularity spurred discussions of spin-off potential, including proposed films and series expansions centered on Wraith-Earth conflicts, though only direct-to-DVD movies materialized post-cancellation. In the horror-fantasy series Supernatural (2005–2020), Wraith appear as rare but visceral monsters, first featured in season 5, episode 11, "Sam, Interrupted," as invisible, shape-shifting entities that impersonate humans by shedding skin and feed on brains via a spinal stinger, targeting vulnerable individuals like psychiatric patients.^[36] Set in a mental institution where brothers Sam and Dean Winchester are voluntarily committed to investigate deaths, the episode uses the Wraith to blur lines between hallucination and reality, culminating in its defeat with a silver axe after the brothers exploit its inability to mimic fully in mirrors. Wraith recur sporadically, such as in season 13, episode 3, "Patience," where one kills a psychic medium, reinforcing their portrayal as opportunistic predators that evade detection by altering appearances and leaving spinal fluid residue. These appearances highlight Supernatural's monster-of-the-week format, emphasizing lore like silver vulnerability and brain-extraction methods without extensive arcs.

Music

Songs and Albums

One prominent example of a song titled "Wraith" is the 2018 track by rapper T.I. featuring Yo Gotti, included on T.I.'s tenth studio album Dime Trap. The lyrics center on themes of opulent success and gritty street origins, with the Rolls-Royce Wraith serving as a central metaphor for elevated status amid ongoing hustles and betrayals, as in lines reflecting on "pullin' up in the Wraith" while navigating danger. Produced by Scott Storch, the song combines trap production with confident flows, marking T.I.'s return under Epic Records and highlighting his blend of luxury bravado and real-life resilience.^[37] Another notable song incorporating "wraith" in its title is "Wraith Pinned to the Mist and Other Games" by the indie rock band of Montreal, released in 2005 on their album The Sunlandic Twins. The track features psychedelic pop elements with surreal lyrics evoking bizarre celebrations and role-playing, contributing to the album's critical acclaim and the band's rise in the indie scene. It was remastered in 2025.^[38] In the metal genre, songs titled "Wraith" or evoking similar spectral imagery often explore supernatural dread and existential shadows. Frozen Soul's "Wraith of Death," from their 2021 debut album Crypt of Ice, embodies this through crushing death metal riffs, slow-building grooves, and lyrics portraying a vengeful ghostly entity rising from icy graves to claim souls. The track's raw, old-school death metal style—complete with guttural vocals and relentless double-bass drumming—has been lauded for its atmospheric chill and thematic depth in capturing otherworldly vengeance. Complementing this, Metallica's instrumental "The Call of Ktulu" from the 1984 album Ride the Lightning draws on H.P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu mythos to conjure wraith-like cosmic horror, with layered guitars and dynamic shifts building an eerie sense of impending doom without vocals.^[39]^[40] Albums titled Wraith further tie into these motifs, blending aggression with metaphorical hauntings. The self-titled debut EP by blackened thrash metal band Wraith, released in 2017, features eight tracks delving into apocalyptic violence and shadowy forces, such as "Forced Evolution" and "Dogs of War," which use blistering speed and punk-edged riffs to evoke relentless, ghost-like pursuit amid societal collapse. The release has been praised for its high-octane energy and thematic cohesion, revitalizing raw thrash with occult undertones.^[41]

Bands and Performers

Several musical acts have adopted the name "Wraith," spanning heavy metal subgenres and extending into electronic music. The most prominent include a long-standing UK hard rock outfit and a contemporary US blackened thrash ensemble, alongside solo performers in electronic styles. The UK band Wraith, formed in Nottingham in 1987, blends melodic heavy metal with hard rock elements, drawing from influences like UFO and Def Leppard. Their debut album, Danger Calling (1992), featured tracks such as "Hungry (Shot of Your Love)" and established their guitar-driven sound in the underground scene. After a hiatus from 1998 to 2013, they reformed and released Revelation (2017), which revisited their classic style with updated production.^[42]^[43] In the United States, Wraith emerged from Northwest Indiana in 2016 as a blackened speed/thrash metal project, initially a one-man band by guitarist/vocalist Matt Sokol before expanding to a quartet. Influenced by Slayer, Venom, and early Bathory, their aggressive riffs and punk-infused energy define their output. Key releases include the debut full-length Heed the Warning (2018), the EP Cloaked in Black (2019), Undo the Chains (2021), and Fueled by Fear (2024), the latter exploring dystopian themes through tracks like "Heathen's Touch." The band has built a growing international fanbase, including European tours such as a 2025 appearance at Dynamo Metal Fest in the Netherlands.^[44]^[45]^[46] Earlier US acts named Wraith were more obscure, often limited to demo tapes in the underground metal scene during the 1990s, though specific death metal ensembles under the moniker remain sparsely documented beyond local circuits. In contrast, solo performers using "Wraith" as a stage name have appeared in electronic music, such as Dublin-based producer BitWraith, who released quirky, bedroom-produced tracks on SoundCloud throughout the 2020s, incorporating synthwave and experimental elements.^[47] Over time, acts named Wraith have evolved from the hard rock and thrash foundations of the late 20th century toward hybridized modern genres, with fanbase expansion evident at events like the 2025 Stormbringer Metal Fest, where the US band performed alongside other extreme metal groups.^[48]

Real-World Vehicles

Automobiles

The Rolls-Royce Wraith is the name of two distinct luxury automobiles produced by Rolls-Royce.

1938–1939 model

The original Rolls-Royce Wraith was a luxury car chassis introduced in 1938 as a smaller, more modern successor to the 20/25 hp model.^[49] It featured an improved 4,257 cc inline-six engine producing approximately 125 horsepower at 3,750 rpm, independent front suspension, and a four-speed manual transmission.^[49]^[50] Designed for coachbuilt bodies, it measured about 208 inches in length with a wheelbase of 144 inches and weighed around 4,480 pounds.^[49] Production was limited to 491 chassis due to the outbreak of World War II, with completion of bodies occurring post-war in some cases.^[49] The model emphasized refined performance and silence, aligning with Rolls-Royce's heritage of opulent engineering.

2013–2023 model

The Rolls-Royce Wraith is a full-size luxury grand tourer coupe produced by Rolls-Royce Motor Cars from 2013 to 2023.^[51] Built on the same platform as the Rolls-Royce Ghost sedan, it measures approximately 208 inches in length and emphasizes effortless power and opulent craftsmanship.^[52] The model was unveiled at the 2013 Geneva Motor Show as the most powerful Rolls-Royce at the time, positioning it as a more dynamic alternative to the brand's traditional sedans.^[51] Powered by a hand-assembled 6.75-litre twin-turbocharged V12 engine, the Wraith delivers 624 horsepower and 605 lb-ft of torque, enabling a 0-60 mph acceleration time of 4.4 seconds while maintaining the marque's signature near-silent operation.^[51]^[53] Top speed is electronically limited to 155 mph for safety and tire longevity.^[52] The powertrain pairs with an eight-speed automatic transmission and rear-wheel drive, contributing to its grand touring character rather than outright sportiness.^[54] The model reflected the brand's exclusivity in a market dominated by bespoke commissions.^[55] Upon launch, the Wraith carried a starting price of around $290,000 in the United States, escalating significantly with personalization options that could add hundreds of thousands more.^[56] Market reception highlighted its elegant fastback styling and interior refinement, with reviewers praising the seamless blend of performance and serenity that defined Rolls-Royce heritage.^[57]^[58] Production concluded in 2023 as part of the brand's transition toward electrification, with the all-electric Spectre coupe succeeding it in the portfolio.^[59] Distinctive design elements include rear-hinged "coach doors" (commonly called suicide doors) that open to nearly 90 degrees for easier access to the rear seats, enhancing the car's dramatic presence.^[52] The interior features the optional Starlight Headliner, a panoramic roof lined with over 1,300 fiber-optic lights simulating a night sky, which became one of the model's most iconic bespoke touches.^[60] Extensive customization through Rolls-Royce's Bespoke program allowed owners to select from thousands of leather colors, wood veneers, and embroidery patterns, ensuring each Wraith was unique.^[61]

Concept and Prototype Designs

The Dodge M4S, developed by Dodge in 1981 as a technology demonstrator and pace car for PPG IndyCar World Series events, is the primary prototype vehicle closely associated with the name "Wraith" through its starring role as the "Turbo Interceptor" in the 1986 film The Wraith.^[62] Designed by Bob Ackerman at Chrysler, the mid-engine coupe featured a minimalist, low-slung body with a teardrop profile and Kamm-back tail, achieving an exceptionally low drag coefficient of 0.236 for superior high-speed stability.^[63] Powered by a heavily modified, twin-turbocharged 2.2-liter inline-four engine producing 440 horsepower at 25 psi of boost, it delivered a top speed of 194.8 mph, demonstrating advanced turbocharging capabilities at a time when such performance was rare in American engineering.^[62] The M4S incorporated several technical innovations that highlighted show car aesthetics and performance potential, including scissor doors, a prominent side scoop for cooling the intercooler, rear brakes, and transmission, as well as ground effects skirts to enhance downforce.^[63] Intended to showcase Dodge's engineering prowess rather than enter production, the prototype paced races from 1984 to 1986 and influenced later Chrysler turbo projects, though its fragile drivetrain limited reliability for extended use.^[62] Six replicas were constructed for filming The Wraith, amplifying its cultural impact as a futuristic icon, while the original survives in private ownership following the closure of Chrysler's museum collection in 2016.^[62] Beyond the M4S, no other official automotive prototypes explicitly named "Wraith" have been documented, though the vehicle's legacy inspired limited custom builds like the 1980s Concept 2000 GT, a Pontiac Fiero-based replica with similar aerodynamic styling.^[64]

Surname and People

Etymology of the Surname

The surname Wraith is of English origin, primarily emerging in northern regions as a variant of Wroth, derived from the northern Middle English word wra(i)th, meaning "angry" or "fierce." This term traces back to the Old English wrāþ (wrath), predating the 7th century, and likely served as a nickname for an individual known for a quick temper or stern demeanor. It is also considered a variant of Wraight, from Middle English wregh(t) or wrethe meaning "carpenter," reflecting pronunciations of "gh" or "ght."^[65]^[66]^[67] Records indicate the surname's use in England from at least the medieval period, with spellings solidifying around the 16th century amid evolving dialectal forms in northern counties. It may also connect to Scottish borders through phonetic variations, though primary documentation places its antiquity in English contexts rather than direct occupational or locational ties to "wraith-like" features or places. Some sources suggest alternative origins, including Scottish ties to the term for "ghost" or links to the surname Rait.^[67]^[68]^[69] The name remains rare, with an estimated several hundred bearers in the United Kingdom during the late 19th century; for instance, the 1891 census recorded approximately 190 Wraith families, comprising about 51% in Yorkshire alone. Concentrated in northern England, such as South Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, the surname has since grown modestly, with 1,223 incidences in England as of 2014, reflecting a 291% increase from 1881 levels. Migration patterns carried it to the United States, Australia, and Canada, where it appears in 19th- and 20th-century censuses among immigrant communities.^[70]^[68] Common variants include Wrath, Wroth, and Wroath, often sharing the same etymological root and regional distribution. In heraldic history, genealogical records for Wraith and its variants document possible coats of arms featuring traditional elements like chevrons symbolizing protection or family protection, though no verified designs incorporate spectral motifs specific to the name's ghostly connotation.^[67]^[71]

Notable Individuals

Individuals bearing the surname Wraith have made contributions across sports, entertainment, and scientific research. In the realm of professional sports, historical figures stand out for their athletic prowess in team games during the early 20th century and mid-20th century rugby leagues. Thomas Watson Wraith (20 March 1890 – 5 December 1970) was an Australian rules footballer who played 60 games for the Collingwood Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL) from 1916 to 1920, primarily as a clever left-footed half-forward. Known for his active and skillful play on the flank, he participated in the 1918 Grand Final loss to South Melbourne and later served as a VFL umpire.^[72] Geoffrey "Geoff" Wraith (1 October 1946 – 26 August 2019) was an English rugby league fullback who played over 200 matches for Wakefield Trinity and Castleford between 1963 and 1980, earning recognition as one of the finest uncapped fullbacks of his era. Born in Leeds, he also briefly coached Wakefield Trinity and played in Australia for Northern Suburbs in Brisbane alongside notable players like Tom Bishop and John Sattler.^[73] In entertainment, contemporary actors have gained prominence through roles in high-profile television series and films. Alexander Wraith (born 29 June 1979) is an American actor, director, and screenwriter raised in Englewood, New Jersey, who trained at Australia's National Institute of Dramatic Art (NIDA). He is best known for portraying Jax Daniels in the Marvel series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. (2015–2016), a role in HBO's Westworld (2018), and appearances in Orange Is the New Black (2019), Star Wars: The Mandalorian (2020), and the DC series Naomi (2022). Wraith has also directed short films and maintains an active career in Hollywood productions.^[74] Steve Wraith (born 1973) is a British actor, writer, producer, and boxing promoter from Newcastle upon Tyne, with a career spanning television, film, and stage since childhood training at the Young People's Theatre. His notable credits include roles in ITV's 55 Degrees North (2004–2005), BBC's Byker Grove (1989–2000), and Wire in the Blood (2002–2008), as well as films like Rise of the Footsoldier 3 (2017) and A New Breed of Criminal (2023), where he also served as executive producer. Beyond acting, Wraith hosts the podcast NUFC Matters and promotes boxing events in the North East of England.^[75] In scientific fields, researchers with the surname Wraith have advanced knowledge in immunology and conservation ecology. Professor David Cameron Wraith (born 1958) is a British immunologist and Director of the Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy at the University of Birmingham, where he has worked on T cell biology and autoimmunity for over 35 years. His seminal contributions include developing peptide-based immunotherapies for autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis, with highly cited work on regulatory T cells and collaborations on clinical trials for novel treatments. Wraith's research has been funded by major bodies like the Wellcome Trust and has influenced global immunotherapy strategies.^[76] Dr. Jenna Wraith is an Australian conservation ecologist serving as Head of the Sustainable Futures Department and Principal Data Scientist at the Queensland Cyber Infrastructure Foundation (QCIF). Holding a PhD in Conservation Ecology from Griffith University, she leads projects like EcoCommons Australia for ecological modeling and the WildObs citizen science platform for wildlife monitoring, enhancing biodiversity data integration and policy support. Wraith also authored the children's book Being a Scientist is Extraordinary! (2021) to promote STEM education and gender diversity in science, and she participated in the Homeward Bound leadership program for Antarctic women in science.^[77]

Other Uses

Brands and Products

Wraith Energy is a powdered energy drink formula launched in 2019, designed specifically for gamers, streamers, and esports athletes.^[78] It features a sugar-free composition with 200mg of caffeine per serving, blended with nootropics, vitamins, amino acids, taurine, and antioxidants to enhance focus and performance.^[79] Flavors include Voodoo Grape, Tropical Punch, and others in a lineup of over 25 options, mixed with 400-500ml of water for consumption.^[80] The product is available exclusively online through its official website, with pricing starting at around £34.99 for a tub providing multiple servings. Wraith Co. is a UK-based luxury alternative streetwear brand established in 2021, specializing in dark, gothic-inspired clothing that evokes ethereal and ghostly themes.^[81] Its collections feature items like hoodies, t-shirts, and outerwear with subtle supernatural motifs, blending high-end fabrics with urban aesthetics for a premium streetwear appeal.^[82] Apparel is sold directly via the brand's online store and select urban outlets, with additional ghost-themed Wraith designs available on platforms like Etsy from independent creators inspired by similar motifs.^[83] In the luxury accessories market of the 2020s, Wraith-named products include timepieces and jewelry emphasizing ethereal, otherworldly designs. The Aventi A15-1 Wraith watch, introduced in 2022, showcases innovative engineering with a patented micrometer rotor and skeletonized dial in materials like titanium and sapphire, priced at approximately $28,500 for its avant-garde, ghostly aesthetic. Similarly, Serket Watch Company's Wraith Collection offers modern dive-style watches with premium stainless steel cases and luminous dials evoking shadowy elegance, available from $500 onward.^[84] For jewelry, Immortal Jewellery's Wraith Finish line, launched in 2025, applies a blasted silver plating to rings like the Nexus Mortis and Invidia Mortis, creating an ethereal, spectral patina on 925 sterling silver pieces priced between $100 and $200.^[85] These items are retailed through brand websites and select luxury boutiques.

Games and Software

Wraith: The Oblivion is a tabletop role-playing game published by White Wolf Publishing in 1994, set in the World of Darkness universe where players portray wraiths—restless ghosts trapped in the Underworld after death.^[86] In the game, wraiths navigate the Shadowlands, a plasmic reflection of the living world, while contending with their own passions, fetters to the mortal realm, and the encroaching threat of Oblivion, an entropic force that erodes their existence. Core mechanics revolve around managing a wraith's Pathos (emotional fuel), Willpower (resolve), and Shadow (inner turmoil from the Shadow self), with players using Arcanoi—supernatural arts like Outrage (affecting the physical world) or Fatalism (perceiving fate)—to interact with the afterlife, haunt the living, or combat Spectres, corrupted wraiths serving Oblivion.^[87] The game emphasizes themes of grief, unfinished business, and the horror of eternal unrest, with gameplay often involving stealthy infiltration of the Skinlands (the world of the living) to resolve fetters or evade Hierarchy enforcers in Stygia.^[88] The original edition was followed by a second edition in 1996 and numerous supplements exploring guilds, the Great War against Oblivion, and regional Underworlds, but the line ended in 1999 amid White Wolf's metaplot resolution. Onyx Path Publishing revived the game with the 20th Anniversary Edition in 2018, compiling core rules, updating mechanics for modern play, and incorporating elements from prior editions without advancing the metaplot, allowing storytellers flexibility in campaigns.^[87] As of 2025, the game sustains an active fan community through online forums and DriveThruRPG updates, including free quickstart guides and conversion notes for integrating with other World of Darkness lines, fostering ongoing haunting and stealth-focused narratives without official expansions.^[89] In video games, "Wraith" appears as an operator in Call of Duty: Black Ops Cold War and Warzone, introduced in Season Three on April 26, 2021, portraying Freya "Wraith" Helvig, a disillusioned Norwegian intelligence operative skilled in infiltration and sabotage for the Warsaw Pact faction.^[90] Her design emphasizes stealth mechanics, with cosmetic bundles featuring tactical gear for covert operations across multiplayer maps and battle royale modes, updated through subsequent seasons into the mid-2020s. Additionally, Wraith: The Oblivion - Afterlife (2021) is a VR horror adaptation of the tabletop game by Fast Travel Games, where players embody a wraith using supernatural abilities like phasing through walls and telekinesis to solve puzzles and evade Spectres in a haunting, narrative-driven experience focused on unraveling personal mysteries in the Underworld.^[91] Software named Wraith includes an open-source browser automation tool developed by BBC News Labs, first released around 2013, which uses headless browsers like PhantomJS to capture screenshots of web pages across environments for visual regression testing and comparison, aiding developers in detecting layout changes without traditional scraping but through image differencing.^[92] In cybersecurity, Wraith is a multi-cloud detection and response platform by NetCentrics, providing visibility and monitoring across hybrid environments to identify threats via integrated analytics, emphasizing proactive stealth detection of intrusions without requiring multiple disparate tools.^[93] These applications highlight "Wraith" as a motif for elusive, behind-the-scenes digital operations, with gameplay-like elements in the RPG influencing stealth and manipulation mechanics in related media.

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