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2029

2029 will be a common year containing 365 days, commencing on Friday, 1 January, in the proleptic Gregorian calendar.^[1] It marks the concluding year of the 2020s decade and the third decade of the 21st century, with the Gregorian calendar advancing to align with standard leap year cycles absent a February 29.^[2] Astronomically, the year will host notable celestial phenomena, including partial solar eclipses on 14 January and 12 June, a total lunar eclipse on 26 June, and another total lunar eclipse on 20 December.^[3] The most prominent event anticipated in 2029 is the close flyby of the near-Earth asteroid 99942 Apophis on 13 April, passing within approximately 32,000 kilometers of Earth's surface—closer than some geostationary satellites—offering a rare opportunity for scientific observation without collision risk.^[4] Multiple space agencies have planned missions to exploit this encounter, including the European Space Agency's Ramses rendezvous mission to study Apophis's composition and gravitational effects, and a proposed Chinese flyby using small satellites prepositioned at the Sun-Earth L1 Lagrange point.^[5]^[6] NASA's Psyche spacecraft, launched in 2023 to investigate a metal-rich asteroid, is scheduled for gravitational capture by its target in late July 2029, initiating a year-long prime mission phase of orbital study.^[7] In terrestrial domains, 2029 will feature major international sporting competitions, such as the Women's Rugby World Cup hosted in Australia and the World Athletics Championships organized by World Athletics.^[8]^[9] Politically, it will include the United Kingdom's next general election, required no later than 15 August, determining the House of Commons composition post-2024 Labour majority. European Parliament elections are slated for mid-2029, shaping the legislative body amid ongoing debates on integration and sovereignty.^[10] These events underscore 2029's role as a juncture for advancing planetary defense, space exploration, and geopolitical transitions, grounded in verifiable orbital mechanics and institutional schedules rather than unsubstantiated forecasts.

Astronomical Events

Asteroid Apophis Close Approach

The near-Earth asteroid 99942 Apophis, a potentially hazardous object approximately 340 meters in diameter, will execute its closest recorded approach to Earth on April 13, 2029, at approximately 21:46 UT, passing within 32,000 kilometers (about 20,000 miles) of the planet's surface—closer than many geostationary satellites orbit.^[4]^[11] This distance equates to roughly one-tenth the average Earth-Moon separation, rendering the event geologically safe with zero collision probability for 2029 or subsequent centuries, as confirmed by orbital modeling refined since its 2004 discovery.^[4]^[12] Apophis, classified on the Torino impact hazard scale at level 0 post-refinements, will traverse from the eastern to western sky over the Atlantic Ocean region during closest approach, visible primarily from Europe, Africa, and western Asia as a magnitude 3.1 "star" to the unaided eye under dark skies, exhibiting an angular motion of up to 42 degrees per hour.^[12]^[11] Ground- and space-based telescopes worldwide, including radar facilities like NASA's Goldstone, are slated for intensive imaging to map its peanut-shaped surface, Yarkovsky effect-induced spin variations, and potential loose regolith, providing unprecedented data on near-Earth asteroid dynamics without physical contact.^[4]^[12] The flyby represents a millennial-scale natural experiment for planetary defense, enabling validation of deflection models and trajectory prediction algorithms against gravitational perturbations from Earth's oblateness and tidal forces, which could subtly alter Apophis's 2036 and future paths—though refined ephemerides indicate no keyhole entry risks.^[11]^[12] Initial post-discovery assessments in 2004 erroneously suggested a 2.7% impact chance for 2029 due to incomplete data, but subsequent observations, including from the Hubble Space Telescope, eliminated this via precise ranging, underscoring the iterative nature of asteroid risk assessment reliant on empirical tracking rather than speculative modeling.^[4]

Other Celestial Events

A partial solar eclipse occurs on January 14, 2029, visible primarily across northern North America, northern Europe, and northern Asia, with the greatest eclipse achieving a magnitude of 0.871 at 11:13 UTC near the northern polar region.^[13] A second partial solar eclipse takes place on June 12, 2029, observable only from remote northern polar areas, reaching a low magnitude of 0.458 at 12:24 UTC.^[13] On July 11, 2029, another partial solar eclipse is visible from southern polar regions, with a magnitude of approximately 0.36 at maximum.^[13] The year's final partial solar eclipse happens on December 5, 2029, confined to Antarctic visibility, with a magnitude near 0.09.^[13] Two total lunar eclipses punctuate 2029. The June 26 eclipse, visible from the Americas, Europe, Africa, and western Asia, begins at 01:07 UTC and reaches totality from 04:34 to 06:10 UTC, with an umbral magnitude of 1.84 that ranks it among the most extensive total lunar phases of the early 21st century due to the Moon's position near apogee. The December 20 eclipse, observable across Asia, Australia, eastern Europe, and the Pacific, starts at 19:33 UTC with totality from 21:56 to 23:32 UTC and a similar high umbral magnitude. Mars reaches opposition on March 25, 2029, at 07:43 UTC, appearing at its brightest with an apparent diameter of 14.4 arcseconds and magnitude -1.4, optimal for telescopic observation of surface features despite the planet's southern declination limiting northern visibility.^[14] Annual meteor showers remain prominent, including the Perseids peaking around August 12-13 with zenithal hourly rates up to 100 under dark skies, favored by a waning gibbous Moon rising post-midnight.^[15] The Geminids peak on December 14, potentially yielding over 120 meteors per hour, though a waxing gibbous Moon may reduce fainter trails' visibility.^[16]

Space Exploration

Missions Targeting Apophis

NASA's OSIRIS-APEX mission, an extension of the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft following its sample return from asteroid Bennu in September 2023, is scheduled to rendezvous with Apophis in April 2029, shortly after the asteroid's closest approach to Earth on April 13.^[17] The spacecraft will conduct an 18-month study of Apophis's surface, focusing on physical alterations induced by Earth's tidal forces, gravitational interactions, and potential seismic activity during the flyby, using instruments such as the OSIRIS-REx Camera Suite (OCAMS) and the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (OTES) to map regolith displacement and subsurface changes.^[17] This opportunity allows direct observation of planetary encounter effects on a near-Earth object, providing data on asteroid evolution and deflection strategies without requiring sample return.^[18] The European Space Agency (ESA) has proposed the Rapid Apophis Mission for Space Safety (Ramses), a rendezvous spacecraft intended to launch in mid-2028 and arrive at Apophis by February 2029, prior to the Earth flyby.^[5] If approved, Ramses would orbit or accompany the 375-meter asteroid during its closest passage at approximately 32,000 km from Earth, monitoring real-time structural warping, spin state variations, and particle ejection caused by tidal stresses.^[5] The mission emphasizes planetary defense applications, leveraging the event to validate models of asteroid-Earth interactions and enhance prediction capabilities for future threats.^[5] Several smaller-scale concepts have been proposed to complement these efforts, including smallsat flybys and impactors targeting Apophis post-flyby. For instance, university-led initiatives like the Apophis Cratering Experiment aim to deploy low-cost probes via ballistic transfers in 2029-2030 to create controlled craters and analyze ejecta, building on OSIRIS-APEX observations at relative velocities of 4-6 km/s.^[19] Private ventures, such as ExLabs' ApophisExL mission with geophysical sensing contributions from Fleet Space, plan surveys starting in 2028 to prospect resources and test off-world technologies.^[20] These proposals remain in early funding stages as of October 2025, with feasibility dependent on launch opportunities and international coordination.^[21]

Other Scheduled Missions

The European Space Agency's Comet Interceptor mission is scheduled for launch in 2029 as a secondary payload on the ARIEL exoplanet observatory, positioning the spacecraft at the Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange point to await and intercept a dynamically new comet for in-situ study of its composition and structure.^[22] The mission consists of a primary spacecraft (Comet Interceptor A) and two smaller probes (B1 from JAXA and B2 from ESA), enabling multi-angle observations during a single flyby to characterize pristine cometary material unaltered by solar heating.^[23] NASA's Psyche spacecraft, launched in October 2023, is set to achieve orbit insertion around the metal-rich asteroid 16 Psyche in late July 2029, commencing its 20-month prime mission phase in August to map the object's surface, composition, and magnetic field using gamma-ray, neutron, and multispectral imaging instruments.^[7] This will provide the first detailed data on a protoplanetary core analog, testing hypotheses about planetary differentiation processes.^[7] China's National Space Administration plans to launch the Solar Polar Orbit Observatory in January 2029 to achieve a polar orbit around the Sun, enabling unprecedented imaging and spectroscopic observations of the solar poles to investigate coronal holes, magnetic field reversals, and high-latitude solar activity influencing space weather.^[24] The mission incorporates a Jupiter gravity assist to escape the ecliptic plane, marking China's first dedicated solar polar exploration.^[25] The China National Space Administration's Tianwen-4 mission is targeted for launch around September 2029 to explore the Jupiter system, including orbit insertion around Callisto to assess its icy surface, subsurface ocean potential, and radiation environment via remote sensing and possibly a lander component.^[26] This double-probe architecture may also include a secondary flyby of Uranus, expanding China's deep-space capabilities beyond Mars sample return efforts.^[27]

Political Events

National Elections

In India, the general election to elect members of the 19th Lok Sabha is scheduled to occur no later than May 2029, adhering to the five-year term established by the previous polls in 2024.^[28] ^[29] This nationwide vote will determine the composition of the lower house of Parliament, with polling likely spread across multiple phases in April and May to accommodate India's vast electorate of over 900 million voters.^[28] The United Kingdom must hold its next general election no later than August 15, 2029, five years after the July 2024 contest, unless called earlier by the prime minister under the Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022.^[30] ^[31] The election will select 650 members of Parliament to the House of Commons using the first-past-the-post system, amid ongoing debates over electoral reforms and boundary changes implemented post-2024.^[30] Germany's federal election for the 22nd Bundestag is required before March 26, 2029, following the snap election held on February 23, 2025, which installed a new government led by Chancellor Friedrich Merz of the CDU/CSU.^[32] The vote will employ a mixed-member proportional representation system, with half of the 630 seats allocated directly and the rest proportionally, potentially influencing coalition dynamics given the fragmented party landscape including the AfD's rising support.^[33] ^[34] South Africa's general election is constitutionally mandated by May 2029, five years after the 2024 vote that reduced the ANC to a plurality and necessitated a government of national unity.^[35] The National Assembly election, using proportional representation, will select 400 members and indirectly determine the president, with current polling indicating competitive races between the ANC, DA, and emerging parties amid economic challenges.^[36] ^[37] Other nations, including Canada with its federal election on or before October 20, 2029, under the fixed-date provisions of the Canada Elections Act (adjusted every four years from 2025), will also feature national contests, though specific dates remain subject to parliamentary dissolution. These elections collectively represent pivotal tests of democratic mandates in diverse geopolitical contexts.

Geopolitical Developments

In the late 2020s, U.S.-China strategic competition is projected to dominate global geopolitics, with Taiwan emerging as the primary flashpoint for potential escalation. Analyses indicate that China's People's Liberation Army may achieve sufficient capabilities for a cross-strait invasion by the mid-2030s, following nuclear arsenal expansion to approximately 1,500 warheads by 2035 from around 500 in 2024, heightening risks of miscalculation or brinkmanship.^[38] U.S. denial strategies in the Indo-Pacific aim to deter aggression, potentially stabilizing military balances by 2034, though domestic political volatility in both nations could exacerbate mutual threat perceptions.^[38] Economic decoupling in technology and trade sectors is expected to persist, with bilateral frictions diminishing but interdependence—evidenced by $154 billion in U.S. exports to China in 2022—continuing to act as a partial deterrent against outright conflict.^[38]^[39] Multipolarity is forecasted to intensify by 2029, driven by the Global South's economic ascent and multi-alignment strategies that challenge bipolar U.S.-China dominance. India is projected to become the world's third-largest economy with a GDP of $6.3 trillion, bolstering its role as a swing power alongside Brazil (eighth-largest) and Indonesia (sixteenth-largest), while south-south trade grows at 3.8% annually through 2033.^[40] These nations, comprising over 130 countries, prioritize pragmatic engagement with both Western and Chinese initiatives, such as BRICS+ expansions, amid fraying U.S.-led institutions.^[40] U.S. intelligence assessments anticipate a more contested international environment, where demographic aging in powers like China (11% working-age population decline by 2040) and Europe constrains influence, fostering fragmented alliances and governance norms.^[41]^[42] The Russia-Ukraine conflict is unlikely to resolve decisively by 2029, with projections suggesting a protracted stalemate or frozen front lines that enable Moscow to rebuild forces for potential NATO confrontation by that year if Western support wanes.^[43]^[44] German military estimates posit Russia redirecting resources toward Europe by 2029-2030 absent prolonged attrition in Ukraine, underscoring Europe's strategic vulnerability.^[45] Sino-Russian alignment may deepen amid shared challenges to the post-WWII order, contributing to global fragmentation into competing blocs.^[38]^[42] Overall, these dynamics portend a volatile order, with U.S.-China rivalry and regional power shifts eclipsing cooperative multilateralism on issues like climate and technology norms.^[38]^[41]

Sports and Cultural Events

Major Competitions

The 2029 FIFA Club World Cup, the second edition of the revamped 32-team tournament organized by FIFA, is scheduled for summer 2029 with the host nation yet to be finalized, though the United States has been considered as a potential venue.^[46] This event expands participation beyond traditional confederation winners to include additional slots based on continental performance metrics over prior years.^[47] Australia will host the 2029 Women's Rugby World Cup, the tenth edition of the tournament governed by World Rugby, featuring 16 national teams competing over approximately one month.^[48] The event marks Australia's first time hosting the women's competition and aims to build on the growth of the sport following the 2025 edition in England.^[49] The World Games 2029, a multi-sport event under the International World Games Association, will take place in Karlsruhe, Germany, from July 15 to 25, showcasing over 30 non-Olympic disciplines such as air sports, beach handball, and korfball with approximately 3,500 athletes from more than 100 countries.^[50] Karlsruhe becomes the first city to host the biennial competition twice, having previously staged it in 1983.^[51] Qatar is set to host the 2029 FIVB Men's Volleyball World Championship, the 20th edition of the quadrennial tournament organized by the International Volleyball Federation, involving 32 national teams in a format of group stages followed by knockout rounds.^[52] The FISU Summer World University Games, expected to draw over 7,000 student-athletes from around 150 countries across 15 sports, will occur in the Research Triangle region of North Carolina, United States, emphasizing competition among university representatives aged 18-25.^[53] Bidding is underway for the 2029 World Athletics Championships, with London receiving backing from the UK government for a potential bid to host the biennial track and field event at a major venue like Wembley Stadium.^[54] No host has been awarded as of late 2025.^[55]

Anniversaries and Milestones

The 60th anniversary of the Woodstock Music and Art Fair, which took place from August 15 to 18, 1969, on a dairy farm in Bethel, New York, represents a defining cultural milestone of the counterculture era, attracting an estimated 400,000 attendees for performances by artists including Jimi Hendrix, Joan Baez, and The Who amid themes of peace, music, and communal living. Organizers have indicated preliminary planning for commemorative events leading to 2029, highlighting the festival's enduring legacy in reshaping youth culture and rock music festivals.^[56] In classical music, 2029 features several notable anniversaries, including the 300th anniversary of the birth of Spanish composer Antonio Soler (December 8, 1729), renowned for his keyboard sonatas and contributions to the Classical style influenced by Domenico Scarlatti, and the 150th anniversary of the birth of Italian composer Ottorino Respighi (July 9, 1879), celebrated for orchestral works such as Pines of Rome and Fountains of Rome that evoke Roman landscapes.^[57] Additionally, the 100th anniversary of the births of conductors Nikolaus Harnoncourt (November 6, 1929) and André Previn (April 6, 1929) will be marked, recognizing their influential roles in historically informed performances and crossover interpretations of classical repertoire.^[57] Sports anniversaries in 2029 include the 60th anniversary of Super Bowl III on January 12, 1969, when the New York Jets, led by quarterback Joe Namath, achieved a 16–7 upset victory over the heavily favored Baltimore Colts, validating Namath's pre-game guarantee and accelerating the merger of the AFL and NFL into a unified league. This event underscored the competitive viability of the upstart AFL and remains a pivotal moment in professional football history. While specific centennial sports events from 1929, such as the establishment of recurring competitions or venue completions, are documented in historical records, they lack the singular prominence of broader cultural observances that year.^[58]

Technological and Scientific Predictions

Artificial Intelligence and Computing

In artificial intelligence, 2029 marks a projected milestone for advanced capabilities according to several prominent forecasts. Ray Kurzweil, a computer scientist and futurist, maintains his long-standing prediction that AI will achieve human-level intelligence by 2029, specifically by passing a valid Turing test, enabling machines to exhibit indistinguishable conversational proficiency from humans.^[59] Similarly, Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang anticipates that AI systems will match or surpass human performance on standardized tests within five years from 2024, aligning with 2029.^[60] These projections hinge on exponential growth in computational power and algorithmic efficiency, though broader surveys of AI researchers indicate a median timeline for artificial general intelligence (AGI)—AI matching humans across most economically valuable tasks—around 2040, with recent trends shortening estimates due to scaling laws in large language models.^[61] Enterprise applications of AI are expected to deepen by 2029, per Gartner analysis, with generative AI potentially automating up to 50% of managerial tasks, including decision-making and employee sentiment monitoring via integrated tools.^[62] This shift builds on current deployments in sectors like healthcare and finance, where AI augments diagnostics and risk assessment, but raises concerns over job displacement and ethical oversight, as evidenced by ongoing debates in policy forums. Investments underscore this trajectory: Citigroup projects Big Tech's cumulative AI infrastructure spending exceeding $2.8 trillion through 2029, fueling data centers and specialized hardware.^[63] In computing hardware, 2029 is targeted by industry leaders for breakthroughs in quantum systems. IBM's roadmap outlines the delivery of "Starling," a large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computer capable of executing 100 million quantum gates on 200 logical qubits, enabling practical applications in optimization and simulation beyond classical limits.^[64] Google similarly aims for an error-corrected quantum machine by 2029, following demonstrations of quantum advantage in specific tasks.^[65] Quantinuum claims advancements in scalable, universal fault-tolerant architectures by the same year, addressing error rates that currently hinder utility.^[66] These developments, supported by hybrid classical-quantum integrations like IBM's use of AMD chips for error correction, signal a transition from noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices to reliable platforms, though full commercial viability remains contingent on sustained funding and algorithmic progress.^[67] Classical computing evolves in parallel, with AI-optimized personal computers (AI PCs) projected to dominate markets by 2029, comprising a majority of shipments as edge processing demands grow for real-time inference.^[68] Data center capital expenditures are forecasted to surpass $1 trillion cumulatively by 2029, driven by AI accelerators representing nearly half of infrastructure outlays.^[69] The U.S. edge computing sector alone is expected to reach $43.59 billion, enabling distributed AI workloads in IoT and autonomous systems.^[70] Spatial computing markets, integrating AR/VR with AI, could exceed $10 billion globally, advancing immersive interfaces.^[71] These hardware trajectories reflect causal drivers like Moore's Law extensions via specialized architectures, countering transistor scaling limits with domain-specific efficiencies.

Broader Innovations

In nuclear fusion research, private sector investments are projected to drive the global market to $479.5 billion by 2029, reflecting accelerated development of prototypes and materials testing despite historical delays in timelines.^[72] The German government has committed over €2 billion in funding by 2029 to support fusion startups like Proxima Fusion and Marvel Fusion, aiming to advance compact reactor designs.^[73] One startup has targeted barrel-sized, energy-generating fusion reactors for deployment by 2029, potentially appealing to remote or military applications if technical hurdles in plasma confinement are overcome. These efforts build on empirical progress in tokamak and stellarator configurations, though skeptics note persistent challenges in achieving net energy gain at scale, as evidenced by ITER's postponement to 2039.^[74] Renewable energy storage and generation see continued cost reductions, with solar photovoltaic panels forecasted to reach $0.6 per watt, enhancing viability for widespread adoption in grid-scale projects.^[75] Battery technologies, including solid-state variants, are expected to expand the market to $329.84 billion by 2030, enabling longer-range electric vehicles and improved energy density for intermittent renewables.^[76] Global electric vehicle sales are predicted to hit 12.5 million units in 2029, propelled by manufacturing scale-ups and policy incentives, though supply chain constraints in critical minerals remain a causal bottleneck.^[75] In biotechnology, synthetic biology applications for therapeutics and sustainable chemicals are anticipated to grow the market from $24.6 billion in 2025 to substantial expansion by 2030, leveraging gene editing for custom organisms.^[77] The preventative medicine sector, emphasizing early detection via biomarkers and wearables, is projected to reach $617.77 billion by 2029, as clinical validations of tools like multi-cancer blood tests advance.^[78] These trends stem from causal advances in CRISPR precision and biomaterials, yet regulatory scrutiny and ethical concerns over genetic modifications temper deployment rates.^[79] Advanced materials and manufacturing innovations include nanotechnology's expansion to $115.4 billion by 2034, with applications in drug delivery and fusion reactor linings improving durability under extreme conditions.^[78] 3D printing scales to construct full-scale housing, reducing construction times and costs through layered deposition of concrete or polymers, as demonstrated in pilot projects.^[80] In transportation, the first fully electric commercial airliners for short-haul flights are slated to enter service around 2029, contingent on battery energy density surpassing 400 Wh/kg to match fossil fuel efficiency.^[75]

Economic and Demographic Forecasts

Global Economic Projections

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) projects global GDP growth to stabilize at approximately 3.2% in the medium term leading into 2029, driven by divergent regional performances with advanced economies expanding at 1.6% and emerging markets at 4.2%.^[81] However, the World Bank forecasts a more subdued average of 2.5% for the 2020s overall, attributing the deceleration to structural headwinds including weak productivity growth, aging populations, and lingering post-pandemic scarring, marking the slowest decadal pace since the 1960s.^[82] The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) anticipates a gradual slowdown to 2.9% by 2026, with risks of further moderation by 2029 due to policy uncertainty and subdued investment.^[83] A primary concern across forecasts is the escalation of global public debt, expected by the IMF to exceed 100% of GDP by 2029—the highest ratio since the immediate aftermath of World War II—with advanced economies like the United States and Japan facing ratios above 120%, while emerging markets grapple with repayment pressures amid higher borrowing costs.^[84] This buildup stems from sustained fiscal expansions during the 2020s, including stimulus measures and subsidies for energy transitions, compounded by slower-than-expected revenue growth from subdued inflation normalization.^[85] Key upside drivers include potential productivity gains from artificial intelligence adoption and supply-chain reconfigurations, particularly in the United States where growth is projected to outpace peers at around 2% annually, supported by robust consumer spending and technological investment.^[86] In contrast, downside risks predominate, such as intensified trade barriers—including prospective U.S. tariffs under evolving policy frameworks—and geopolitical frictions disrupting energy and commodity flows, which could shave 0.5-1% off global output if materialized.^[87] ^[88] Emerging markets face additional vulnerabilities from China's property sector deleveraging and commodity price volatility, potentially capping their contributions to global expansion.^[89] Inflation is forecasted to converge toward central bank targets of 2% in advanced economies by 2029, but persistent services-sector pressures and wage rigidities may prolong elevated rates in Europe and parts of Asia, limiting monetary policy easing.^[90] Fiscal sustainability emerges as a causal constraint, with high debt levels crowding out private investment and amplifying vulnerability to interest rate shocks, underscoring the need for structural reforms in labor markets and taxation to bolster long-term potential output.^[91] These projections, while empirically grounded in econometric models, carry inherent uncertainties from unmodeled black-swan events and institutional biases in forecasting institutions toward baseline assumptions of policy continuity.^[92]

Population and Societal Trends

The global population is projected to reach approximately 8.50 billion by 2029, reflecting a continued but decelerating growth rate of about 0.79% annually from current levels.^[93] This estimate aligns with the United Nations' World Population Prospects 2024 revision, which anticipates steady expansion driven primarily by high-fertility regions in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of South Asia, offset by stagnation or decline in Europe, East Asia, and North America.^[94] In 48 countries representing 10% of the 2024 global population, demographic peaks are expected between 2025 and 2054, signaling an accelerating shift toward population stability or contraction in advanced economies.^[95] Fertility rates worldwide are forecasted to average around 2.20 births per woman in 2029, down from 2.3 in 2023 and approaching but not yet reaching the replacement level of 2.1 by mid-century.^[96] In developed countries, rates have already fallen below 1.5 on average, with projections indicating further declines; for instance, the OECD reports a drop from 3.3 in 1960 to 1.5 today, exacerbating dependency ratios as fewer workers support aging cohorts.^[97] These trends stem from empirical factors including delayed childbearing, higher female workforce participation, and economic pressures, though UN models assume partial rebounds that some analyses critique as overly optimistic given historical underestimations of fertility collapses in nations like South Korea and Italy. Aging populations will intensify by 2029, with the global share of individuals aged 65 and older rising toward 12-13% from 10% in 2024, driven by post-World War II cohorts entering seniority in Europe, Japan, and China.^[98] Median global age is expected to approach 31-32 years, up from 30 in 2020, straining pension systems and healthcare in low-fertility states where the old-age dependency ratio could exceed 30 dependents per 100 workers.^[99] Societally, this fosters trends toward smaller households and increased single-person living, particularly in urbanized East Asia, where cultural shifts away from multigenerational families compound isolation risks for the elderly.^[100] Urbanization will continue apace, with over 57% of the world population residing in cities by 2029, fueled by rural-to-urban migration in Asia and Africa amid job opportunities and agricultural mechanization.^[101] Net international migration, projected to rise due to economic disparities and climate stressors, may add 2-3 million people annually to high-income destinations, though policy restrictions in Europe and North America could temper inflows.^[102] These dynamics underscore causal pressures like resource competition and labor mobility, potentially heightening social tensions in receiving urban centers without adaptive infrastructure.^[103]

Potential Risks and Challenges

Planetary Defense and Natural Hazards

On April 13, 2029, the near-Earth asteroid 99942 Apophis, approximately 340 meters in diameter, will conduct its closest recorded approach to Earth by an object of its size, passing within 31,600 kilometers of the planet's surface—closer than geostationary satellites orbit.^[4] ^[104] This event poses no collision risk, as refined orbital calculations have ruled out impacts in 2029 or subsequent close approaches like 2036.^[12] The flyby will alter Apophis's trajectory and spin due to Earth's gravitational influence, providing a natural laboratory for studying tidal forces and potential surface changes, such as landslides or seismic activity on the asteroid.^[105] Visibility will extend to up to 2 billion people in the Eastern Hemisphere with the naked eye under dark skies, appearing as a bright, moving point of light comparable to the apparent magnitude of the Big Dipper's stars.^[106] The United Nations has designated 2029 as the International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defence, leveraging the Apophis event to enhance global coordination on near-Earth object monitoring and deflection strategies.^[107] ^[108] Planetary defense efforts include NASA's OSIRIS-APEX mission, which, after completing its Bennu sample return, will rendezvous with Apophis post-flyby in 2030 to analyze surface alterations from the encounter.^[109] The European Space Agency's proposed Ramses mission aims to launch in April 2028 for a February 2029 arrival, enabling in-situ observations of the asteroid's response to Earth's gravity before and during the close approach.^[5] Additional concepts, such as a University of Maryland-proposed CubeSat flyby deploying sensors for high-speed data collection, underscore international interest in refining deflection technologies like kinetic impactors, informed by the 2022 DART mission's success.^[110] While Apophis highlights asteroid threats, terrestrial natural hazards in 2029 are expected to follow historical patterns without unique escalatory forecasts from major agencies; ongoing risks include seismic events, volcanic eruptions, and extreme weather amplified by gradual climate shifts rather than discrete disasters.^[111] Global natural disaster management investments are projected to grow, reflecting heightened preparedness for compound events like floods contaminating agriculture or heat exacerbating vulnerabilities in exposed populations.^[112] Planetary defense frameworks increasingly integrate these with space-based hazards, such as potential meteoroid streams from asteroid disruptions, though Apophis's pass is deemed unlikely to generate significant debris impacting Earth.^[105] Enhanced radar and optical tracking by networks like NASA's Planetary Defense Coordination Office will monitor for any unforeseen perturbations during the event.^[4]

Geopolitical and Societal Tensions

Tensions between the United States and China over Taiwan are projected to remain a central flashpoint, with Chinese military modernization enabling potential coercion or blockade scenarios by the late 2020s, though a full amphibious invasion faces significant logistical and economic hurdles that make it improbable without major provocations.^[113]^[114] U.S. intelligence assessments and expert surveys indicate China could achieve local superiority in the Taiwan Strait by 2027, heightening risks of miscalculation amid ongoing gray-zone tactics like frequent air incursions and naval encirclements.^[115]^[116] Broader U.S.-China rivalry, including trade restrictions and technology decoupling, is expected to exacerbate global supply chain vulnerabilities, contributing to elevated geopolitical risk rankings projected to reach the top five business concerns by 2028.^[117] The Russia-Ukraine conflict, ongoing as of 2025, is forecasted to persist in a protracted stalemate or frozen state through 2029, with Russia maintaining territorial gains in eastern Ukraine while facing manpower shortages and Western sanctions that limit full reconstruction.^[43]^[118] Analysts predict sporadic escalations, including deeper strikes into Russian territory, but no decisive Ukrainian counteroffensive capable of reclaiming all lost areas without sustained NATO-level support, potentially leading to negotiated ceasefires that entrench de facto partitions.^[119] This attrition warfare strains European energy security and alliance cohesion, with ripple effects including heightened hybrid threats to NATO flanks.^[120] In the Middle East, Iran-Israel hostilities, punctuated by proxy conflicts in Lebanon, Syria, and Yemen, are anticipated to simmer with intermittent escalations through 2029, driven by Iran's nuclear advancements and Israel's preemptive strikes, though mutual deterrence and U.S. mediation may avert all-out war.^[121]^[122] Regional dynamics could shift toward multipolarity, with China's economic diplomacy gaining influence via Belt and Road investments, while Gulf states pursue diversification amid lingering risks from Houthi disruptions to Red Sea shipping.^[123] Persistent instability, including unresolved Palestinian issues, undermines state legitimacy across fragile regimes, fostering opportunities for non-state actors.^[124] Societal tensions in Western democracies, amplified by economic inequality and political polarization, are projected to intensify by 2029, with U.S. internal divisions risking fragmentation along ideological lines, as evidenced by deepening partisan rifts over immigration, fiscal policy, and cultural norms.^[125] Global migration flows, reaching 281 million international migrants by 2020 and expected to rise due to demographic imbalances and climate stressors, impose strains on host societies through rapid demographic shifts, welfare system pressures, and cultural integration challenges in Europe and North America.^[126]^[102] In Europe, unchecked inflows exacerbate populist backlashes, correlating with elevated social cohesion risks, while in the U.S., policy gridlock sustains illegal border crossings at historic highs, fueling debates over sovereignty and resource allocation.^[127] These trends, compounded by potential financial downturns around 2029, heighten prospects for civil unrest absent structural reforms.^[128]

References

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Year 2029 Calendar – United States - Time and Date
Jan 1, New Year's Day. Jan 15, Martin Luther King Jr. Day. Jan 20, Inauguration Day (DC, MD*, VA*). Feb 14, Valentine's Day. Feb 19, Presidents' Day.February · January · May · DecemberMissing: notable | Show results with:notable
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2029 Calendar - Calendar-12.com
Date in 2029, Event name, Date in 2029, Event name. 1 January, New Year's Day, 28 May, Memorial Day. 6 January, Epiphany, 14 June, Flag Day.
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Astronomical calendar 2029 - Weather
Major astronomical events of 2029 · Partial solar eclipse on January 14, 2029. · Partial solar eclipse on June 12, 2029. · Total lunar eclipse on June 26, 2029.Missing: scheduled notable
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Apophis - NASA Science
Near-Earth asteroid Apophis is a potentially hazardous asteroid that will safely pass close to Earth on April 13, 2029. It will come about 20,000 miles (32,000 ...
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Ramses: ESA's mission to asteroid Apophis - European Space Agency
Roughly 375 m across, about the size of a cruise liner, the asteroid Apophis will pass within 32 000 km from Earth's surface on 13 April 2029. For a short time, ...
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China proposes flyby mission to asteroid Apophis during 2029 Earth ...
Sep 9, 2025 · The mission would consist of two small satellites sent into a halo orbit around Sun-Earth Lagrange point 1 to await the approach of Apophis and ...
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Psyche - NASA Science
Oct 13, 2023 · Asteroid Psyche's gravity will capture the spacecraft in late July 2029, and Psyche will begin its prime mission in August.Missing: major | Show results with:major
[8]
2029+ World Sporting Event Calendar - Topend Sports
Major 2029 events include the Rugby World Cup (women), Rugby League World Cup, FIFA Club World Cup, World Games, and IAAF World Athletics Championships.Missing: notable | Show results with:notable
[9]
Biggest Sports Events of 2029
Jun 15, 2025 · 2029 will feature some great sporting action, with the 2029 (Women's) Rugby World Cup being held in Australia, along with the 2029 Women's ...Missing: notable | Show results with:notable
[10]
Next United Kingdom general election - Wikipedia
The next United Kingdom general election is scheduled to be held no later than Wednesday 15 August 2029. It will determine the composition of the House of ...Opinion polls · By-elections · Leadership approval opinion... · N/A
[11]
A guide on how to arrive prepared for the European elections 2029
Dec 17, 2024 · An essential guide for shaping the future of participatory democracy. As Europe digests the pivotal 2024 elections, The Great Countdown emerges ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[12]
ESA - Apophis - European Space Agency
On 13 April 2029, asteroid Apophis will briefly come within 32 000 km of Earth's surface. It will be the closest approach of an asteroid of this size that ...
[13]
Asteroid Apophis: Will It Hit Earth? Your Questions Answered.
On 13 April 2029 Apophis will pass as close as 30,600 kilometers (19,000 miles) above the Earth. If you're superstitious, that's on a Friday the 13th. How close ...
[14]
Eclipses During 2029 - EclipseWise
In 2029, there are 4 solar eclipses and 2 lunar eclipses. World maps show the regions of visibility for each eclipse.
[15]
the 2028-2029 aphelic apparition of mars
Opposition will occur at 0743 UT on March 25, 2029 (99.5° Ls), with an apparent planetary disk diameter of 14.4 arcsec. Mars will remain visible for a year ...
[16]
Perseid meteor shower 2029 - In-The-Sky.org
Perseid meteor shower 2029 - In-The-Sky.org. The Perseid meteor shower will be active from 17 July to 24 August, producing its peak rate of meteors around 12 ...
[17]
Geminid meteor shower 2029 - In-The-Sky.org
The Geminid meteor shower will be active from 4 December to 17 December, producing its peak rate of meteors around 14 December.
[18]
OSIRIS-APEX - NASA Science
OSIRIS-APEX is a mission to study the physical changes to asteroid Apophis that will result from its rare close encounter with Earth in April 2029.
[19]
An OSIRIS-REx Extended Mission to Asteroid Apophis - IOPscience
Oct 31, 2023 · This rare planetary encounter will alter Apophis's orbit, will subject it to tidal forces that change its spin state, and may seismically ...Applying Takeaways from the... · Why the APEX Mission? · Mission Implementation
[20]
Apophis Cratering Experiment Mission Concept
There are several low-C3 (< 5 km2/s2), ballistic transfer opportunities in 2029 and 2030 that impact Apophis at velocities of 4 to 6 km/s after the OSIRIS-APEX ...
[21]
Fleet Space Targets Apophis For Off-World Exploration Mission
Sep 23, 2025 · Fleet Space announces plans to survey the near-Earth asteroid Apophis as part of ExLabs' ApophisExL mission in 2028 to advance the science ...
[22]
Smallsat missions proposed to study asteroid Apophis - SpaceNews
Aug 19, 2025 · Several missions are planned to visit Apophis before and after its close approach, including ESA's Ramses spacecraft and NASA's OSIRIS-APEX, an ...
[23]
Mission Status and Plan - Comet Interceptor - ESA Cosmos
It will be launched as a passenger to ARIEL in 2029. Comet Interceptor (Comet-I) is a 'Fast' (F-) development mission in the ESA's Science Program.
[24]
News - Comet Interceptor - ESA Cosmos
Comet Interceptor is scheduled to be launched in 2029, and the flyby of the yet unknown target comet will happen in the 2030s after some waiting period.
[25]
Probing Solar Polar Regions - 空间科学学报
The Solar Polar-orbit Observatory (SPO) mission, a solar polar exploration ... SPO is scheduled for launch in January 2029. It will, for the first time ...<|separator|>
[26]
China to send a spacecraft out of the ecliptic to study the Sun's poles
Feb 25, 2025 · The Solar Polar Orbit Observatory is currently scheduled to launch in 2029. The spacecraft will perform a gravity assist maneuver at Jupiter ...
[27]
China's plans for outer Solar System exploration
Dec 21, 2023 · Zhu's outline of the mission sees a Tianwen-4 launch in September 2029. The spacecraft will use a flyby of Venus in 2030 plus further gravity ...
[28]
China unveils planetary exploration roadmap targeting habitability ...
Mar 27, 2025 · Tianwen-4 is scheduled to launch around 2029 and head to Jupiter and eventually enter orbit around the Galilean moon Callisto. Next, a ...Missing: Polar | Show results with:Polar
[29]
Upcoming Elections in India 2025, 2026 till 2029 - Jagran Josh
Oct 6, 2025 · With a host of state assembly elections and the high-stakes 2029 General Elections, the coming years will see significant political contests.
[30]
Upcoming Elections in India 2025 to 2029 - Oneindia
India's political journey from 2025 to 2029 will be marked by important elections that will shape the country's future. With many state assembly elections ...
[31]
When is the next UK general election and who decides? - BBC
Sep 30, 2025 · UK general elections must be held no more than five years apart although the PM can call one earlier.
[32]
General elections | Institute for Government
The last UK general election was held Thursday 4 July 2024, with the Labour Party winning a commanding majority. The next general election must be called by ...
[33]
Dates of future elections in Germany - Die Bundeswahlleiterin
This table will show the exact election dates once they have been officially announced. Information on Land parliament and municipal elections is subject to ...
[34]
https://www.nzz.ch/english/project-2029-how-the-afd-wants-to-become-the-strongest-party-in-germany-ld.1873606
[35]
«Project 2029»: How the AfD wants to become the strongest party in ...
Mar 4, 2025 · After placing second in the German federal elections on Feb. 23, the far-right Alternative for Germany party (AfD) is feeling confident.
[36]
South Africa's 2029 Election: The Rough Birth of a New Order
Jun 18, 2024 · South Africa's ANC, which has ruled the country with strong majorities since the end of apartheid in 1994, was driven to within a hair's breadth of 40% support.
[37]
Voter preferences are shifting in South Africa - GIS Reports
May 29, 2025 · Democratic Alliance has surpassed the ANC in popularity for the first time amid calls for progress and accountability.
[38]
South Africa's ANC Lags Main Rival in New Voter Opinion Poll
Apr 16, 2025 · Support for the African National Congress, which ruled South Africa outright for three decades after apartheid rule ended, ...<|separator|>
[39]
U.S.-China Relations for the 2030s: Toward a Realistic Scenario for ...
Oct 17, 2024 · Global geopolitical fragmentation accelerates, leading to a world of competing camps, with China and Russia leading one of them. Like in the ...<|separator|>
[40]
https://www.bcg.com/publications/2025/in-a-multipolar-world-global-south-finds-its-moment
[41]
In a Multipolar World, Global South Finds Its Moment | BCG
Apr 22, 2025 · By 2029, India is projected to be the third-largest economy, with a GDP of $6.3 trillion. Brazil is projected to be No. 8 and Indonesia No ...
[42]
[PDF] 2040 - DNI.gov
his section of the Global Trends report provides 20-year projections of key demographic trends in nine regions: Latin America and Caribbean;. Europe; Russia ...
[43]
International: More Contested, Uncertain, and Conflict Prone - DNI.gov
The United States and China will have the greatest influence on global dynamics, supporting competing visions of the international system and governance that ...
[44]
Russia's War in Ukraine: The Next Chapter - CSIS
Sep 30, 2025 · Conclusion. The war in Ukraine is unlikely to end anytime soon. U.S. military support for Ukraine is expected to phase out over the next year ...Missing: 2029 | Show results with:2029
[45]
Russia could be ready to strike Europe 2–4 years after war ends
May 26, 2025 · Ukraine's spy chief says Russia could be ready for new military aggression against Europe by 2029 if not deterred.<|separator|>
[46]
"You will not avoid war." Kyiv furious as Germany suggests Ukraine ...
Mar 9, 2025 · According to Kahl, if the war in Ukraine ends earlier than anticipated (before 2029-2030), Russia could redirect its military resources toward ...
[47]
Fifa's Club World Cup to take place in summer 2029 – and not in Qatar
Aug 24, 2025 · Fifa is considering an alternative structure for the 2029 Club World Cup based on a series of qualifying playoffs the week before the main ...
[48]
Club World Cup 'could be held every two years' from 2029 - SportsPro
Aug 18, 2025 · Fifa is considering making the newly revamped Club World Cup a biennial rather than quadrennial event from 2029, according to the Guardian.
[49]
Rugby World Cup host locations confirmed through to 2033
May 12, 2022 · Australia to host Rugby World Cup 2027 (men's) and 2029 (women's); USA to host Rugby World Cup 2031 (men's) and 2033 (women's). Underpinning ...
[50]
GAME ON! Australia confirmed as host of Rugby World Cup 2027 ...
May 12, 2022 · The Rugby World Cup is returning to Australian shores, after World Rugby confirmed Australia as the host of both the 2027 and 2029 tournaments.
[51]
40 years later: The World Games to return to Karlsruhe in 2029 | IWGA
May 1, 2024 · Karlsruhe, Germany, is set to host The World Games 2029, becoming the first city to organize the multi-sport event twice.
[52]
The World Games 2029, Karlsruhe (GER) | IWGA
May 1, 2024 · Karlsruhe (GER) will host The World Games 2029, becoming the first city to organise the multi-sport event twice since its inception. A proven ...
[53]
Volleyball World Championships lock in future hosts: USA & Canada ...
With the USA and Canada set to host the women's edition in 2027 and Qatar staging the men's event in 2029, we are confident in delivering unforgettable ...
[54]
2029 FISU World University Games Summer - USA Team
The event promises to be a global celebration with over 7,000 athletes, 3,000+ coaches and staff, representing 150 countries and 600 universities.
[55]
U.K. government backs London bid to host 2029 track worlds - ESPN
Jul 19, 2025 · The British government has announced its support of London's bid to host the 2029 athletics world championships.
[56]
World Athletics Opens Bidding Process for 2029 and 2031 World ...
Jul 9, 2025 · World Athletics has officially opened the application process for 2029 and 2031 World Athletics Championships.
[57]
Woodstock 60
60th anniversary of an event that changed the landscape of music and youth culture forever – the Woodstock Music & Art Fair of Aug 15-18 1969.
[58]
Significant classical music anniversaries in 2029
This page lists significant anniversaries for the year 2029, taken from Classical Music Daily's database of approximately 6000 entries.
[59]
https://www.theguardian.com/technology/article/2024/jun/29/ray-kurzweil-google-ai-the-singularity-is-nearer
[60]
AI scientist Ray Kurzweil: 'We are going to expand intelligence a ...
Jun 29, 2024 · What's missing currently to bring AI to where you are predicting it will be in 2029? One is more computing power – and that's coming. That will ...
[61]
When Will AGI/Singularity Happen? 8,590 Predictions Analyzed
In March 2024, Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang predicted that within five years, AI would match or surpass human performance on any test: 2029. Louis Rosenberg, ...
[62]
Future Forecasting The Yearly Path That Will Advance AI To Reach ...
Jun 5, 2025 · The latest polls seem to suggest that AI experts generally believe that we will reach AGI by the year 2040.Heading Toward Agi And Asi · Ai Experts Consensus On Agi... · Year-By-Year Futures...
[63]
Transforming Work: Gartner's AI Predictions Through 2029 - SHRM
Nov 27, 2024 · What if AI could replace half of your management team, monitor employee moods, and challenge executive decisions—all by 2029?
[64]
Citigroup forecasts Big Tech's AI spending to cross $2.8 trillion by ...
Sep 30, 2025 · (Reuters) -Citigroup has raised its forecast for AI-related infrastructure spending by tech giants to surpass $2.8 trillion through 2029, ...
[65]
IBM Quantum Computing | Technology and roadmap
By 2029, we will deliver Starling—a large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computer capable of running quantum circuits comprising 100 million quantum gates on 200 ...
[66]
Quantum Computing Roadmaps & Predictions of Leading Players
May 16, 2025 · Roadmap Details: Google's roadmap, outlined in 2020, aims for a useful, error-corrected quantum computer by 2029, building on their 2019 quantum ...
[67]
Quantinuum Overcomes Last Major Hurdle to Deliver Scalable ...
Jun 26, 2025 · Quantinuum Overcomes Last Major Hurdle to Deliver Scalable Universal Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computers by 2029. June 26, 2025. Quantum computing ...
[68]
https://www.itpro.com/hardware/ai-pcs-will-become-the-norm-by-2029-as-enterprise-and-consumer-demand-surges
[69]
AI PCs will 'become the norm' by 2029 as enterprise and consumer ...
Sep 3, 2025 · AI PCs are expected to make up a significant portion of the total PC market by the end of 2025, according to new research from Gartner.<|separator|>
[70]
Data Center Capex to Surpass $1 Trillion by 2029, According to Dell ...
Feb 5, 2025 · Accelerated servers for AI training and domain-specific workloads could represent nearly half of data center infrastructure spending by 2029.
[71]
US Edge Computing Market worth $43.59 billion in 2029
Jul 4, 2025 · The US edge computing market is expected to reach USD 43.59 billion in 2029 from USD 24.17 billion in 2024, at a CAGR of 12.5% during the forecast period.
[72]
Global spatial computing market to exceed $10 billion by 2029 - Omdia
Nov 27, 2024 · With the advancement of edge compute and storage technology, vendors are determined to integrate spatial computing with various devices.
[73]
https://www.cleanenergywire.org/news/german-government-pledges-more-eu2-bln-nuclear-fusion
[74]
German government pledges more than €2 bln for nuclear fusion
Oct 2, 2025 · The German government will invest more than 2 billion euros by 2029 ... Proxima Fusion, Marvel Fusion and Focused Energy said Germany risked ...
[75]
ITER—An International Nuclear Fusion Research and Development ...
Jan 22, 2025 · In July 2024, ITER announced that the facility would not be fully operational until 2039 and would cost an additional $5.2 billion. Congress ...
[76]
Technology predictions for 2029 | Future timeline - Quantumrun
Read 48 technology predictions for 2029, a year that will see the world transform thanks to disruptions in technology that will impact a wide range of sectors.
[77]
https://www.precedenceresearch.com/synthetic-biology-market
[78]
https://www.startus-insights.com/innovators-guide/future-technologies-full-guide/
[79]
Top 16 Future Technologies: Impacting 40+ Industries [2026-2030]
Jul 23, 2025 · Explore our full guide on the top 16 future technologies! Discover the future in applied AI, advanced computing, automation, and more.
[80]
Scientific breakthroughs: 2024 emerging trends to watch - CAS.org
Dec 28, 2023 · New trends to watch include the accelerated expansion of green chemistry, the clinical validation of CRISPR, the rise of biomaterials, and the renewed progress ...
[81]
https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/index.php
[82]
World Economic Outlook (October 2025) - Real GDP growth
Annual percent change ; Emerging market and developing economies. 4.2 ; Advanced economies. 1.6 ; World. 3.2.
[83]
Global Economic Prospects - World Bank
Growth in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is forecast to remain steady at 2.3 percent in 2025 and then firm to an average of 2.5 percent in 2026-27.Missing: 2029 | Show results with:2029
[84]
OECD Economic Outlook, Interim Report September 2025
Sep 23, 2025 · Global growth remains resilient. Global GDP growth is projected to slow from 3.3% in 2024 to 3.2% in 2025 and 2.9% in 2026, as ...
[85]
Global Economic Outlook Shows Modest Change Amid Policy Shifts ...
Oct 14, 2025 · We expect a slowdown in the second half of this year, with only a partial recovery in 2026, and, compared to last October's projections, ...<|separator|>
[86]
IMF chief says global economy doing 'better than feared,' downside ...
Oct 8, 2025 · In July, the IMF raised its global growth forecast by 0.2 percentage ... Global public debt is expected to exceed 100% of GDP by 2029, Georgieva ...
[87]
IMF: Global economy in flux, prospects remain dim - EFG International
Oct 17, 2025 · For advanced economies, the IMF expects GDP growth to reach 1.6% in 2025 and 2026. In the United States, growth is expected to slow from 2.8% in ...Missing: 2029 | Show results with:2029
[88]
Global economic outlook weakens as policy uncertainty weighs on ...
Sep 23, 2025 · The latest OECD Interim Economic Outlook projects global growth slowing from 3.3% in 2024 to 3.2% in 2025 and 2.9% in 2026, as early stockpiles ...
[89]
https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/8bf0b62ec6bcb886d97295ad930059e9-0050012025/original/GEP-June-2025.pdf
[90]
[PDF] Global Economic Prospects -- June 2025 - The World Bank
Jun 5, 2025 · This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and.
[91]
World Economic Outlook - All Issues
Global growth is projected at 3.3 percent both in 2025 and 2026, broadly unchanged from the October 2024 World Economic Outlook (WEO) forecast with an upward ...The Global Economy in a... · Navigating Global Divergences · (WEO) database · 10Missing: 2029 | Show results with:2029
[92]
World Must Prioritize Productivity Reforms to Revive Medium-Term ...
Apr 10, 2024 · The key drivers of economic growth include labor, capital, and how efficiently these two resources are used, a concept known as total factor ...
[93]
Global Economic Outlook - The Conference Board
Global Economic Outlook 2024 to 2036. Global growth is expected to slow over the next decade relative to the prior ten years. LEARN MORE Yellow and white frame ...<|separator|>
[94]
World Population Projections - Worldometer
World Population Projections ; 2029, 8,503,285,323, 0.79% ; 2030, 8,569,124,911, 0.77% ; 2031, 8,634,119,333, 0.76% ; 2032, 8,698,229,812, 0.74% ...
[95]
World Population Prospects 2024
It presents population estimates from 1950 to the present for 237 countries or areas, underpinned by analyses of historical demographic trends.Data Portal · Graphs / Profiles · Publications · Download Center
[96]
[PDF] World Population Prospects 2024: Summary of Results
In 48 countries and areas, representing 10 per cent of the world's population in 2024, the population size is projected to peak between 2025 and 2054. This ...
[97]
Total Fertility Rate by Country in 2029 (World Map) - database.earth
In the year 2029, the world is projected to have a total fertility rate of 2.2044 (births per woman). The country with the highest total fertility rate is ...
[98]
Declining fertility rates put prosperity of future generations at risk
Jun 20, 2024 · The 2024 edition of Society at a Glance shows that the total fertility rate dropped from 3.3 children per woman in 1960 to just 1.5 children per ...Missing: 2029 | Show results with:2029<|control11|><|separator|>
[99]
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health
[100]
Ageing and health - World Health Organization (WHO)
Oct 1, 2025 · By 2030, 1 in 6 people in the world will be aged 60 years or over. At this time the share of the population aged 60 years and over will increase ...Missing: 2029 | Show results with:2029
[101]
The Debate over Falling Fertility - International Monetary Fund (IMF)
A quarter of a century later, the world's fertility rate stands at 2.24 and is projected to drop below 2.1 around 2050 (see Chart 1). This signals an eventual ...Missing: 2029 | Show results with:2029
[102]
Urbanization - Our World in Data
This topic page presents an overview of urbanization across the world, extending from the distant past to the present, and projections of future trends. See ...Missing: 2029 | Show results with:2029
[103]
The Future of Migration - DNI.gov
International migration probably will increase during the next decades because migration drivers, including economic pressures, changing age structures, ...Missing: 2029 | Show results with:2029
[104]
Future migration trends
Oct 20, 2020 · Future migration trends are anticipated using early warnings, forecasting, and foresight. Global projections suggest a peak in 2040-45, then ...Missing: 2029 urbanization<|separator|>
[105]
Apophis Facts - NASA Science
Mar 28, 2025 · As mentioned above, Apophis will pass about 20,000 miles (32,000 kilometers) from Earth's surface on April 13, 2029. This will be the closest ...
[106]
Countdown to Apophis close approach—Cascading hazards from ...
Jun 5, 2025 · On Friday, April 13, 2029, asteroid Apophis, named after the Egyptian god of chaos and destruction, will pass close to the Earth.Missing: major | Show results with:major
[107]
2 billion people will be able to see 'God of Chaos' asteroid Apophis ...
Sep 16, 2025 · The 1115-foot-wide (340 meters) asteroid Apophis will pass closer to Earth than many satellites fly in April 2029, giving scientists and ...
[108]
International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defence ...
On 13 April 2029, the asteroid 99942 Apophis will pass safely at a distance of about 32,000 kilometers above Earth's surface, within the geostationary orbit ...
[109]
ESA endorses Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defence
Feb 7, 2025 · On 13 April 2029, the 375-metre-wide asteroid 99942 Apophis will pass within 32,000 kilometres of Earth – that's closer than weather monitoring ...
[110]
Apophis Exploration - NASA Science
Mar 28, 2025 · The Rapid Apophis Mission for Space Safety (Ramses), will rendezvous with the asteroid and accompany it through its close flyby of Earth in 2029 ...
[111]
UMD Team Advances Mission Concept for 2029 Asteroid Flyby
Aug 22, 2025 · UMD's proposed mission would launch a breadbox-size satellite into Earth orbit as a ride-along with other spacecraft, then conduct a high-speed ...Missing: events | Show results with:events
[112]
Gradual warming — not disasters — will be most harmful, paper says
not disasters — will be most harmful, paper says. Two-thirds of climate-driven economic loss will result from increased heat ...
[113]
Natural Disaster Management Market Global Outlook to 2029, with ...
Mar 24, 2025 · The Natural Disaster Management market is estimated to be USD 63.95 billion in 2024 to USD 114.04 billion in 2029 at a CAGR of 12.3% from 2024 to 2029.Missing: predictions | Show results with:predictions
[114]
Will 2027 invite conflict for Taiwan and China? - Brookings Institution
Feb 25, 2025 · The year 2027 will be a harbinger of conflict for cross-Strait relations, and why no solution to cross-Strait tensions is a good outcome for the foreseeable ...
[115]
Will China Invade Taiwan in the Coming Years? - Metaculus
This should not be resolved yet. It is only Sept 2025. The optimal month to invade is October from a tide perspective. This was prematurely resolved.
[116]
Davidson: China Could Try to Take Control of Taiwan In 'Next Six ...
Mar 9, 2021 · China could attempt to take control of Taiwan by the end of the decade, the admiral leading U.S. Indo-Pacific Command said today.Missing: tensions | Show results with:tensions
[117]
Will the U.S. go to war over Taiwan? - Defense Priorities
Sep 15, 2025 · The experts surveyed largely agreed that China is unlikely to invade Taiwan, a departure from political and military leaders who have inflated ...Missing: 2029 | Show results with:2029
[118]
https://understandingwar.org/research/russia-ukraine/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-october-11-2025/
[119]
Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, October 11, 2025 | ISW
Oct 11, 2025 · [17] Russia will likely have significant combat power made available within months following the end of active fighting in Ukraine, which Russia ...
[120]
Putin biographer forecasts Russo-Ukraine war will drag on - OMFIF
Mar 7, 2025 · The most likely outcome is that Russia and Ukraine will fight on for at least six months, in spite of sporadic efforts to end the conflict ...
[121]
What if Russia wins in Ukraine? We can already see the shadows of ...
Jan 2, 2025 · If Russia wins, we should realistically expect the following consequences for Ukraine, Europe, the US, and world peace.<|separator|>
[122]
U.S.–Israel Strategy: From Special Relationship to Strategic ...
Mar 12, 2025 · The US–Israel relationship is one of America's most strategically vital partnerships, anchored in shared democratic values and common threats.
[123]
Forecasting China's strategy in the Middle East over the next four ...
Dec 19, 2024 · The next four years will be essential to China's acceleration of its political, economic, and diplomatic engagement in the Middle East.
[124]
The Middle East in 2029 | Cairn.info
The political rubric of the Middle East – nation-states built by colonial powers – will likely survive and continue to be part of the region's future in 2029 ...
[125]
What Happens in the Middle East Doesn't Stay in the Middle East
Jun 30, 2025 · Even with the ceasefire being negotiated between Israel and Iran, American forces must remain postured with stockpiles of munitions, air defense ...
[126]
Geopolitical Outlook: 2025–2029 in the Trump Era - TheGeoPolity
Jan 7, 2025 · The Trump presidency will likely catalyse trends that redefine international relations and push the world towards the pre-1945 era.
[127]
Key facts about recent trends in global migration
Dec 16, 2022 · The number of international migrants grew to 281 million in 2020; 3.6% of the world's people lived outside their country of birth that year.<|control11|><|separator|>
[128]
International Migration Outlook 2024 | OECD
Nov 14, 2024 · This chapter provides an overview of the changes in the immigration policies of OECD countries during the period 2023-24.
[129]
Preparing for 2029. A Storm is Coming | by Mark King | Medium
Jan 13, 2025 · Projections for 2029 foreshadow a downturn that could surpass the severity of the Great Recession, leading to widespread financial hardship ...