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ADC

An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is an electronic device or integrated circuit that transforms continuous analog signals, such as voltage variations representing sound or light, into discrete digital values suitable for processing by digital systems.^[1]^[2] The conversion process involves sampling the analog input at precise intervals determined by the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem to avoid aliasing, followed by quantization that maps the sampled amplitude to the nearest binary code from a finite set of levels defined by the ADC's resolution, typically measured in bits (e.g., 8-bit for 256 levels or 24-bit for over 16 million levels).^[3]^[4] This enables the integration of real-world analog phenomena into computational environments, underpinning technologies from data acquisition in scientific instruments to audio digitization in consumer electronics.^[5]^[6] ADCs vary in architecture to balance speed, precision, and power efficiency; common types include successive approximation register (SAR) ADCs for moderate-speed general-purpose applications, flash ADCs for ultra-high-speed but lower-resolution needs, and sigma-delta ADCs favored for high-fidelity audio due to oversampling and noise shaping that achieve effective resolutions beyond their nominal bit depth.^[4] Performance metrics such as effective number of bits (ENOB), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and total harmonic distortion (THD) quantify accuracy, with modern ADCs reaching sampling rates exceeding 100 GS/s and resolutions up to 32 bits in specialized designs.^[1] Originating from early 20th-century telegraphy and maturing post-World War II with transistor-based implementations, ADCs have driven innovations in fields like telecommunications, medical imaging, and embedded systems, though challenges persist in minimizing quantization noise and power dissipation at nanoscale processes.^[6]^[7]

Technology and engineering

Analog-to-digital converter

An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is an electronic device or subsystem that converts continuous-time analog signals—such as voltage representing physical quantities like temperature, sound pressure, or light intensity—into discrete-time digital representations suitable for processing by digital systems.^[8]^[9] The conversion process entails two fundamental operations: sampling, which captures instantaneous amplitude values of the input signal at uniform time intervals determined by the sampling rate, and quantization, which maps each sample to one of a finite set of discrete digital codes.^[8]^[10] This enables real-world analog phenomena to interface with computational algorithms, storage media, and transmission protocols that operate exclusively in the digital domain.^[11] The fidelity of ADC output is constrained by the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem, which mandates that the sampling frequency must exceed twice the bandwidth of the input signal's highest frequency component to prevent aliasing—where higher frequencies masquerade as lower ones—and permit accurate signal reconstruction via ideal low-pass filtering.^[12]^[13] Critical performance metrics include resolution, quantified in bits (N), which defines the granularity of quantization levels as 2^N possible codes, thereby setting the minimum detectable signal change to full-scale range divided by 2^N; effective number of bits (ENOB), accounting for noise and distortion; sampling rate in samples per second (SPS); and metrics like signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and total harmonic distortion (THD).^[10]^[14] Higher resolution enhances precision but often trades off against speed and power consumption, while insufficient sampling introduces reconstruction errors empirically observed as spectral folding in frequency-domain analysis.^[8] ADC architectures vary to optimize trade-offs among speed, resolution, power, and cost. Successive approximation register (SAR) ADCs employ a binary search algorithm via a digital-to-analog converter feedback loop, achieving medium-to-high resolutions (8-18 bits) at moderate speeds (up to mega-samples per second) with low power, making them prevalent in portable and data-acquisition systems.^[11]^[15] Delta-sigma (ΔΣ) ADCs leverage oversampling, noise shaping through a modulator loop, and digital decimation filtering to attain superior resolution (16-24 bits) and low-frequency accuracy, though at slower effective rates due to the oversampling ratio, suiting precision applications like audio and instrumentation.^[11]^[15] Other types, such as flash ADCs for ultra-high speeds (gigahertz range) at low resolutions or pipelined ADCs for intermediate performance, address niche high-throughput needs but incur higher power and component counts.^[11] Practical ADCs originated in the 1920s-1930s with electromechanical and vacuum-tube implementations for pulse-code modulation in telephony, as pioneered by Alec Reeves in 1937, evolving through 1940s military radar applications to transistor-based units in the 1950s-1960s.^[16]^[6] Integrated-circuit ADCs proliferated in the 1970s, enabling compact, low-cost designs; by the 1980s, SAR and early ΔΣ topologies dominated commercial products.^[6]^[16] This progression causally underpinned digital signal processing revolutions, as digitized analogs permitted error-free manipulation, compression, and analysis—evident in audio systems sampling at 44.1 kHz to capture 20 kHz human hearing bandwidth, digital imaging sensors resolving megapixel arrays, and sensor networks in industrial automation—yielding measurable gains in data integrity and computational scalability over analog-only chains.^[8]^[6]

Military

Aide-de-camp

An aide-de-camp is a commissioned military officer appointed to serve as a personal staff assistant to a senior commander, typically a general officer, performing duties that include managing correspondence, scheduling, protocol arrangements, and facilitating communication between the commander and subordinates or external entities.^[17]^[18] These officers act as confidential advisors and liaisons, often handling sensitive administrative tasks to free the commander for operational decision-making.^[19] The role traces its etymological roots to French military terminology, where "aide-de-camp" translates to "camp assistant" or "field helper," emerging as armies professionalized in the 17th and 18th centuries amid growing administrative demands on field commanders.^[19] In the U.S. Continental Army, the position was formalized under General George Washington, who established a dedicated military family of aides-de-camp to manage the inefficiencies of wartime communication and logistics.^[17] During the 1777–1778 winter encampment at Valley Forge, Washington employed seven such aides, selected for their youth, education, and reliability in drafting orders and relaying intelligence.^[17] Across the Revolutionary War, 32 officers rotated through this role, underscoring its critical function in sustaining command coherence amid resource constraints.^[20] Primary duties encompass personal administrative support, such as preparing official documents, coordinating travel and ceremonies, ensuring the commander's security and welfare, and occasionally delivering verbal orders on the battlefield to expedite transmission.^[18]^[21] In modern U.S. Army practice, as outlined in service regulations, aides-de-camp to general officers handle these tasks while adhering to protocols for uniform, protocol, and ethical conduct, with appointments limited to qualified officers who meet service tenure requirements.^[22] Ranks for these positions generally range from captain to major, scaled to the seniority of the assigning commander, ensuring competence without overshadowing the principal.^[23] The aide-de-camp role is distinct from that of an adjutant, who functions as the chief administrative officer for an entire unit—such as a regiment or battalion—overseeing personnel records, discipline, and operational logistics at the organizational level rather than providing individualized service to a single commander.^[21] This differentiation emphasizes the aide's focus on direct, personal enablement of the commander's effectiveness, often in fluid or high-stakes environments. Historical examples include aides to General Dwight D. Eisenhower during World War II, such as those supporting his European Theater operations, where they managed captured intelligence and personal security amid rapid advances.^[24] Such assignments demanded discretion and adaptability, as evidenced by incidents like the 1943 capture of one of Eisenhower's aides during North African campaigns.^[24]

Assistant division commander

The assistant division commander (ADC) serves as the principal deputy to the division commander in the United States Army, extending the commander's authority to execute tactical operations, maintain mission command, and oversee readiness across offensive, defensive, and stability tasks.^[25] ADCs typically operate from tactical command posts to synchronize multi-brigade actions, minimize electronic signatures during high-risk maneuvers, and lead specialized missions such as reception, staging, onward movement, integration (RSOI), retrograde operations, or obstacle crossings.^[25] This role formalized post-World War II with the evolution of divisional structures, notably the Reorganization Objective Army Division (ROAD) concept implemented in the 1960s, which introduced dedicated deputies to manage the increased span of control in flexible, brigade-based organizations.^[26] Divisions normally employ two ADCs: the ADC for maneuver (or operations), who directs brigade combat teams in the main battle area or covering forces; the ADC for support, who handles sustainment, area security, and division support area command; and, in aviation-heavy units, an ADC for aviation to integrate attack reconnaissance helicopters with the combat aviation brigade.^[25] Responsibilities encompass resourcing brigades, integrating joint and multinational forces, and conducting battle handovers, while ensuring compliance with rules of engagement (ROE) and airspace coordination.^[25] In operational contexts, such as the 2003 Iraq invasion, the ADC for maneuver in the 3rd Infantry Division coordinated ground advances, enabling rapid seizure of key objectives like Baghdad International Airport through synchronized brigade maneuvers.^[27] ADCs prioritize training oversight by directing predeployment rehearsals, mission essential task list (METL) assessments, and certifications like joint fires observer (JFO), typically 90 days prior to operations, to build unit proficiency in decisive action and stability tasks.^[25] They conduct readiness inspections, equipment resupply, and post-engagement reorganizations to sustain force effectiveness, directly influencing unit cohesion by enforcing standards that reduce friction in complex environments.^[25] Empirical outcomes from conflicts like Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom show that rigorous ADC-led training cycles correlated with higher brigade combat readiness, as units with thorough METL validation exhibited fewer integration delays during transitions to host-nation security forces.^[27]^[28] Selection for ADC billets occurs among brigadier generals via Department of the Army processes, favoring candidates with brigade command experience, operational deployments, and demonstrated leadership in combat arms, to ensure merit-based assignment without dilution by extraneous factors.^[27] This emphasis on proven tactical acumen supports causal links between deputy commander efficacy and divisional outcomes, as ineffective oversight has historically led to readiness gaps in high-tempo operations.^[25]

Aerospace Defense Command

The Aerospace Defense Command (ADCOM) was a major command of the United States Air Force responsible for the aerospace defense of North America, evolving from earlier air defense organizations to address Cold War threats from Soviet long-range bombers and later ballistic missiles. Established as the redesignation of Air Defense Command on July 15, 1968, at Ent Air Force Base, Colorado, ADCOM inherited missions including surveillance, warning, and interception, expanding to include space surveillance amid advancements in missile technology. Its primary focus remained continental defense through integrated radar chains and fighter-interceptor squadrons, operating under the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) framework established in 1958.^[29] ADCOM's operational backbone included extensive radar networks such as the Distant Early Warning (DEW) Line, a chain of 63 stations across Arctic Canada and Alaska activated in 1957, providing six hours' warning of Soviet bomber incursions via over-the-horizon detection. Complementing this were semi-automatic ground environment (SAGE) centers that processed radar data for directing interceptors like the Convair F-106 Delta Dart, with over 20 squadrons peaking in the 1960s capable of supersonic intercepts armed with nuclear-tipped AIM-4 Falcon missiles. These assets deterred manned bomber threats by demonstrating credible denial capabilities, as evidenced by routine exercises like Operation Skywatch, where ADCOM forces simulated intercepts of simulated Soviet Tu-95 Bear formations approaching U.S. coasts.^[30] Integration with NORAD formalized binational command and control on May 12, 1958, with ADCOM providing U.S. forces for joint operations, including shared DEW Line data feeds to NORAD's command post at Colorado Springs. By the 1970s, however, strategic shifts diminished ADCOM's role: Soviet emphasis on intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), such as the SS-18 Satan deployed in 1974, rendered traditional air defenses ineffective against hypersonic reentry vehicles, while submarine-launched ballistic missiles reduced reliance on bomber early warning. Declassified assessments highlight deterrence success—no confirmed Soviet bomber penetrations occurred—but reveal vulnerabilities, including over 100 false alarms annually from radar clutter or electronic countermeasures during 1960s drills, exposing risks of erroneous launches amid nuclear command tensions. ADCOM was inactivated on October 1, 1979, with assets redistributed to Tactical Air Command's Air Defense Tactical Air Command (ADTAC) and space elements to Space Command, reflecting doctrinal prioritization of offensive strategic forces over continental defense amid détente and arms control treaties like SALT II. This transition underscored causal realities: while bomber defenses achieved empirical standoff, ICBM proliferation and verification challenges via satellite reconnaissance obviated manned interceptor needs, though critiques from declassified Joint Chiefs reports noted persistent gaps in low-altitude coverage against cruise missiles.^[30]

Government and welfare

Aid to Dependent Children

Aid to Dependent Children (ADC), established by Title IV of the Social Security Act signed into law on August 14, 1935, provided federal grants to states for cash assistance to needy children deprived of parental support due to factors such as a father's death, disability, or absence.^[31]^[32] The program initially targeted children in single-parent households, emphasizing maternal care in the home over institutionalization, with eligibility determined by state-administered means tests focusing on low income and family structure.^[33] By design, it excluded most two-parent families unless the father was deemed unemployable, creating a structure that prioritized aid for mother-only households.^[32] Renamed Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) in 1960 and expanded through amendments in the 1960s—such as the 1962 and 1967 laws broadening eligibility, increasing benefit levels, and adding food stamps and Medicaid linkages—the program grew from serving about 700,000 children in 1940 to over 3 million recipients by 1969.^[32] This expansion coincided with a sharp rise in out-of-wedlock births, from approximately 4% of total U.S. births in the 1940s to 5% in 1960 and exceeding 30% by the 1990s, particularly among low-income groups eligible for AFDC.^[34]^[35] Empirical analyses, including the 1965 Moynihan Report, attributed part of this trend to AFDC's structure, which offered higher benefits to single mothers than to intact families, incentivizing family dissolution and non-marital childbearing; the report documented that nearly 25% of Black families were female-headed, correlating with surging welfare dependency. Studies have substantiated these perverse incentives, showing AFDC reduced work hours among recipients and discouraged marriage, as benefits phased out sharply with earned income, trapping families in dependency while eroding human capital through intergenerational poverty cycles.^[36]^[37] AFDC achieved short-term poverty reduction for eligible children but incurred long-term societal costs, including heightened child poverty persistence and behavioral issues linked to absent fathers.^[38] The program's entitlement nature, lacking work mandates, fostered moral hazard, with caseloads ballooning to 14.4 million by 1994 amid minimal employment incentives.^[32] In 1996, the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act replaced AFDC with Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), imposing time limits (typically five years lifetime) and work requirements, shifting to block grants emphasizing self-sufficiency.^[32]^[39] This reform halved caseloads from 12.2 million in 1996 to about 5.9 million by 2000, boosting single-mother employment by over 10 percentage points while child poverty rates fell, demonstrating that conditional aid better promotes labor force participation without exacerbating family breakdown.^[39]^[40]

Adult detention center

Adult detention centers, also known as local jails, are short-term correctional facilities in the United States that primarily hold adults pending trial, serving misdemeanor sentences of one year or less, or awaiting transfer to state or federal prisons. These facilities emphasize secure confinement to prevent flight risk and ensure public safety during pretrial periods, while providing basic necessities such as housing, meals, and medical care. Unlike state prisons focused on long-term rehabilitation for felons, adult detention centers manage a transient population, with an average length of stay around 25 days for pretrial detainees. The majority of the nation's approximately 3,000 local jails are operated by county sheriff's offices, which are elected local officials responsible for law enforcement and detention within their jurisdictions. Federal agencies, including the U.S. Marshals Service, contract with these jails to house federal pretrial detainees and prisoners, accounting for about 10-15% of jail populations on any given day. As of midyear 2023, local jails held 664,200 persons in custody, a figure stable from prior years but down 10% from pre-pandemic peaks, reflecting a mix of pretrial (about 70%) and sentenced inmates.^[41]^[42] Key functions include maintaining order through classification systems that separate high-risk inmates, alongside limited rehabilitative programs such as substance abuse treatment and vocational training, which empirical studies link to modest reductions in reoffending when adequately resourced. Overcrowding persists in many facilities, often exceeding rated capacity by 10-20%, driven by rising pretrial detention rates from cash bail practices and federal holds; this strains staffing ratios (typically one officer per 4-6 inmates) and correlates with elevated violence and suicide rates, as denser populations hinder effective monitoring and program access.^[43]^[44] Such conditions contribute causally to higher recidivism, as overcrowding limits participation in evidence-based interventions that address criminogenic needs like impulsivity and skill deficits; Bureau of Justice Statistics data on released state prisoners—many of whom cycle through jails—show 67.8% rearrested within three years, with jail-specific patterns similarly elevated due to disrupted family ties and untreated issues during short stays. Post-1980s "tough-on-crime" policies, including mandatory minimums and truth-in-sentencing laws, swelled jail populations by incentivizing pretrial holds to deter crime, which empirical analyses credit with contributing to the 1990s crime drop but at high fiscal cost (averaging $129 per inmate daily in 2022).^[45]^[46] Reforms since the early 2000s, such as risk-assessment tools for pretrial release and diversion programs, have aimed to alleviate overcrowding by prioritizing detention for violent or high-flight-risk individuals, reducing populations in states like New Jersey by 40% post-2017 bail changes without corresponding crime spikes. These evidence-driven adjustments balance fiscal pressures—jail costs exceeded $30 billion annually by 2020—with sustained accountability, as randomized trials demonstrate that supervised release for low-risk defendants lowers recidivism compared to unnecessary detention, though implementation failures in some jurisdictions have led to localized rearrest increases.^[47]^[48]

Organizations

American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee

The American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee (ADC) was established in 1980 by former U.S. Senator James Abourezk and political activist James Zogby to address discrimination and stereotyping faced by Arab Americans, particularly amid heightened anti-Arab sentiment following the 1973 oil crisis and related geopolitical tensions in the Middle East.^[49]^[50] The organization positions itself as a non-sectarian, non-partisan civil rights group dedicated to defending the rights of people of Arab descent, promoting their cultural heritage, and combating bias through legal advocacy, education, and public policy efforts.^[51] Initially focused on countering media portrayals and government policies perceived as discriminatory, ADC expanded its scope to include monitoring hate crimes and supporting community outreach, though critics argue its founding aligned with broader efforts to advance pro-Palestinian lobbying against pro-Israel influences like AIPAC.^[50] ADC has pursued legal and advocacy initiatives, including filing complaints against employment discrimination and partnering on reports documenting anti-Arab incidents, such as those following the 1991 Gulf War and post-9/11 backlash.^[52] Notable among its challenges was the 1985 bombing of its Santa Ana, California, office, which killed regional director Alex Odeh; an FBI investigation attributed the attack to the Jewish Defense League (JDL), a militant group designated as terrorist by some U.S. officials, highlighting vulnerabilities in Arab-American advocacy amid counter-terrorism scrutiny.^[53] The group has also engaged in political action, forming a PAC in 2003 to influence campaigns and opposing policies like the Iraq War through coalitions emphasizing civilian impacts on Arab populations, while maintaining selective criticism of Middle East conflicts that aligns with Arab nationalist perspectives rather than uniform condemnation of extremism.^[54] Criticisms of ADC center on alleged equivocation regarding Islamist extremism and associations with figures or events viewed as promoting anti-Semitism, such as honoring journalist Helen Thomas in 2010 despite her controversial statements questioning Jewish presence in Israel; Jewish organizations protested the decision as rewarding inflammatory rhetoric.^[55] Founded by individuals with ties to pro-Palestinian campaigns like the Palestine Human Rights Campaign, ADC has faced accusations from conservative analysts of functioning less as a neutral civil rights body and more as a vehicle for undermining U.S. counter-terrorism by framing profiling as bias without addressing causal factors like disproportionate Arab involvement in certain attacks, per FBI data on global terrorism patterns.^[56] These claims, often from sources skeptical of mainstream media's downplaying of Islamist threats, contrast with ADC's self-described role in minority protections, underscoring tensions between anti-discrimination advocacy and national security imperatives.^[50]

African Democratic Congress

The African Democratic Congress (ADC) is a Nigerian political party established in 2005 as the Alliance for Democratic Change and registered with the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) for participation in the 2007 general elections.^[57]^[58] Its founding aimed to challenge entrenched elite dominance in politics, with initial leadership under Ralph Nwosu as national chairman.^[57] The party has positioned itself as an alternative to major parties like the People's Democratic Party (PDP) and All Progressives Congress (APC), emphasizing internal reforms to promote transparency and reduce godfatherism.^[57] ADC's platform centers on democratic reforms, including true federalism via restructuring to address Nigeria's ethnic and regional tensions, alongside anti-corruption measures through public probity and accountability.^[57] Economically, it advocates wealth creation, value addition in agriculture and solid minerals, and infrastructure initiatives like a $30 billion power program targeting 23,220 megawatts, reflecting a preference for market-oriented prosperity over heavy state intervention.^[57] Core principles include inclusion for youths, women, diaspora, and persons with disabilities, transformational leadership, and grassroots mobilization, though critics note its reliance on high-profile defectors limits organic base-building compared to PDP's entrenched networks.^[57]^[59] In electoral performance, ADC has remained a minor player, securing limited National Assembly seats in early contests like 2007 but struggling against dominant parties' resources.^[57] During the 2019 general elections, it gained representation in the House of Representatives amid broader opposition fragmentation. In the 2023 presidential race, its candidate Dumebi Kachikwu received fewer than 10,000 votes nationally—under 0.05% of valid ballots per INEC figures—highlighting challenges in voter mobilization within Nigeria's ethnic patronage dynamics.^[60] House and senatorial results similarly yielded negligible seats, underscoring ADC's opposition voice without proportional power.^[60] Recent developments include strategic alliances for the 2027 elections, with an opposition coalition adopting ADC as its platform in July 2025, led by figures like Senator David Mark as national chairman and Rauf Aregbesola as secretary.^[61]^[62] These moves aim to consolidate anti-ruling party sentiment but have drawn accusations of opportunism, as the party absorbs displaced politicians rather than fostering independent ideological depth.^[59]^[63] Despite this, ADC's focus on accountability provides a counter to statist populism in Nigeria's federal system, though its electoral marginality persists due to weaker grassroots structures.^[57]^[62]

Aviation

Air data computer

An air data computer (ADC) processes pressure and temperature inputs from the aircraft's pitot-static system and total air temperature sensors to compute essential flight parameters, including calibrated airspeed, true airspeed, Mach number, pressure altitude, and vertical speed.^[64]^[65] These calculations correct for errors such as compressibility and temperature variations, providing accurate data that individual cockpit instruments historically derived separately.^[66] Early ADCs emerged in the 1940s as analog electromechanical devices, exemplified by the Bendix Central Air Data Computer (CADC) deployed in 1950s fighter aircraft to centralize computations via gears, cams, and synchros for airspeed and Mach indications.^[67] Transition to digital processing occurred in the late 1960s, with Garrett AiResearch introducing the first all-digital ADC in 1967 and the U.S. Navy's F-14 Tomcat incorporating a CADC prototype between 1967 and 1969, enabling more precise integration with fly-by-wire systems.^[66] By the 1970s, digital ADCs proliferated in high-performance jets, including the F-16 Fighting Falcon, where they supply processed data to flight control computers and displays for supersonic operations.^[68] ADCs interface with autopilot, engine control units, and heads-up displays, feeding computed parameters into broader avionics networks for automated flight envelope protection.^[64] Reliability enhancements include dual or triple sensor redundancy with majority voting algorithms to detect discrepancies, reducing single-point failure risks in critical phases like takeoff and landing.^[69] Icing on pitot probes can induce erroneous readings, as evidenced in NTSB analyses of incidents like American Eagle Flight 4184 in 1994, where supercooled droplet icing distorted air data inputs, contributing to uncommanded control surface deflections and loss of control.^[70] Built-in test equipment (BITE) continuously monitors sensor health and computation integrity, with empirical data from military and civil fleets demonstrating failure rates below 10^{-6} per flight hour in redundant configurations.^[66]

Medicine

Antibody-drug conjugate

An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) is a targeted anticancer agent comprising a monoclonal antibody covalently linked to a potent cytotoxic payload through a chemical linker. The antibody binds selectively to tumor-specific or overexpressed antigens on cancer cell surfaces, triggering internalization via endocytosis; subsequent linker cleavage—often pH- or enzyme-dependent—releases the payload intracellularly, inducing cell death through mechanisms such as DNA damage, microtubule inhibition, or topoisomerase interference. This design enables antigen-directed drug delivery, concentrating cytotoxicity at the tumor site and theoretically minimizing exposure to healthy tissues, thereby improving the therapeutic index over nonspecific chemotherapy, which affects all rapidly dividing cells indiscriminately.^[71]^[72] The first ADC, gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg), targeting CD33 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), received accelerated FDA approval on May 19, 2000, based on phase II data showing 26% complete remission rates in relapsed patients. However, a subsequent phase III trial (SWOG S0106) reported no overall survival advantage and higher early mortality (5.7% vs. 1.4% with chemotherapy alone), prompting voluntary withdrawal in June 2010. Reapproval followed in September 2017 at fractionated lower doses (3 mg/m² on days 1, 4, 7) combined with cytarabine and daunorubicin for CD33-positive AML in patients aged 1 month and older, supported by retrospective analyses showing improved outcomes. Trastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu), targeting HER2, gained accelerated approval in December 2019 for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer post-trastuzumab and chemotherapy, based on DESTINY-Breast01 trial data with 60.9% objective response rates (ORR) and median duration of response of 14.8 months. As of 2024, 12 ADCs hold FDA approval, spanning hematologic and solid tumors, with payloads including auristatins, maytansinoids, and topoisomerase inhibitors.^[73]^[74]^[71] ADCs have proliferated in development, with over 100 candidates in clinical trials by 2022 and ongoing phase III evaluations in 2024 for antigens like HER2, TROP2, and FRα, reflecting empirical successes in refractory settings. In HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer, Enhertu yielded ORRs of 37% to 79% across lines of therapy in trials like DESTINY-Breast03, with progression-free survival of 28.8 months versus 6.8 months for trastuzumab emtansine (hazard ratio 0.28), outperforming chemotherapy-alone benchmarks of 10-20% ORR and supporting antigen-specific efficacy over diffuse cytotoxicity. Yet, resistance emerges via mechanisms including antigen downregulation, efflux pump upregulation (e.g., MDR1), or payload detoxification, as observed in preclinical models and post-relapse biopsies; off-target effects, such as payload diffusion from unstable linkers or expression of antigens in normal tissues (e.g., HER2 in cardiac cells), contribute to toxicities like neutropenia (50-70% incidence) and interstitial lung disease (10-15% for Enhertu). These limitations underscore that while ADCs causally advance precision by localizing payloads—evidenced by lower non-hematologic toxicity profiles than equitoxic chemotherapy—universal superiority requires biomarker validation, countering unsubstantiated hype absent trial replication.^[75]^[76]^[77]^[78]

Gaming

Attack damage carry

The attack damage carry (ADC), also referred to as marksman, designates the bot lane role in League of Legends (LoL), a multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) game released by Riot Games on October 27, 2009. This position pairs with a support champion to secure the bottom lane, prioritizing the accumulation of gold and experience via minion last-hits to purchase items amplifying attack damage and speed. Such scaling enables the ADC to emerge as the team's principal source of sustained physical damage output in prolonged engagements, leveraging auto-attacks over ability spam.^[79]^[80] Early-game fragility necessitates team coordination for survival and farm protection, as ADCs forgo defensive stats in favor of offensive amplification, rendering them vulnerable to ganks and dives until mid-to-late game power spikes around 25-35 minutes. In professional circuits, empirical models demonstrate that a 2,000-gold lead for the ADC at 15 minutes elevates team win probability more than equivalent leads in other roles, due to its outsized impact on teamfight damage potential.^[81] This underscores the role's dependence on individual mechanical proficiency—precise kiting, positioning, and last-hitting—while requiring allies to enable scaling through objective control and peel. Analogous archetypes appear in Dota 2, Valve's 2013 MOBA successor to the original Defense of the Ancients mod, where the "hard carry" (position 1) mirrors ADC dynamics by hyper-farming neutral creeps and lanes to achieve exponential late-game dominance via physical or hybrid damage items. Unlike LoL's structured duo lane, Dota carries often operate solo offlane or with minimal support, amplifying the premium on personal agency and adaptation to chaotic map dynamics.^[82] From LoL's inception through 2025 patches, ADC metas have shifted with item overhauls—such as the 2022 durability update and 2024 rework favoring burst over sustained DPS—toward bruiser and enchanter supports, yet core viability persists in pro play where fed ADCs secure 55-65% win rates in gold-superior scenarios per aggregated tournament data. These evolutions affirm the archetype's causal foundation: resource-efficient scaling rewards skill-based execution over equalized team contributions, countering metas that dilute individual impact via excessive tankiness or zoning.^[83]^[84]

Other uses

Adult day care

Adult day care refers to community-based programs that provide daytime supervision, structured activities, and supportive services for older adults or those with disabilities who require assistance but prefer to remain in their homes rather than full-time institutional settings. These programs typically operate during standard business hours, offering a structured environment that includes social interaction, recreational activities, and basic health monitoring to promote independence and well-being. Originating in the United States in the 1970s, primarily in urban areas as a respite option for family caregivers, the model expanded rapidly from fewer than 10 non-psychiatric centers in 1972 to over 1,000 by 1982, evolving from earlier psychiatric day hospital concepts in the late 1940s.^[85]^[86] Services in adult day care centers generally encompass meals and snacks, personal care assistance, therapeutic activities such as physical or occupational therapy, and cognitive stimulation through games or group discussions, tailored to participants' needs like dementia or mobility limitations. As of recent data, there are approximately 5,135 such centers nationwide, serving about 182,000 participants on any given day, with many programs distinguishing between social models (focused on recreation and socialization) and medical models (including nursing and rehabilitation services).^[87]^[88] These offerings aim to support aging in place by addressing daily needs without necessitating 24-hour care, often at a lower cost than alternatives like in-home aides or nursing homes, with national monthly averages around $2,167.^[89] Evidence indicates benefits for both participants and caregivers, including enhanced socialization that combats isolation and may reduce behavioral issues like agitation in dementia cases, alongside respite that lowers caregiver stress, depression, and exposure to daily stressors.^[90]^[91] Longitudinal and scoping reviews suggest potential delays in nursing home admissions through sustained participation, with some studies linking regular attendance to fewer emergency room visits and hospital stays, though causal evidence remains mixed and not universally confirmatory across all populations.^[92]^[93] Caregiver outcomes show reduced overload and improved mental health after consistent use, supporting prevention of burnout by reallocating time from intensive tasks.^[94]^[95] Challenges include variability in program quality due to inconsistent regulation and funding shortages, which can limit access in rural areas or for low-income participants reliant on Medicaid waivers.^[96] Despite cost-effectiveness relative to institutional care, underfunding persists, potentially undermining scalability and long-term efficacy in promoting self-reliance over dependency. Programs emphasizing participant autonomy, such as those fostering purposeful activities, align with evidence favoring community integration to extend home-based living.^[97]

References

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An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is a device that converts continuous analog signals into discrete digital numbers, bridging analog and digital realms.
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What is analog-to-digital conversion (ADC)? - TechTarget
Jul 13, 2022 · Analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) is an electronic process in which a continuously variable, or analog, signal is changed into a multilevel digital signal.
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Analogue to Digital Converter (ADC) Basics - Electronics Tutorials
An ADC encodes analog signals into binary code, taking a snapshot of an analog voltage and producing a digital output code.
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Apr 17, 2023 · ADCs convert analog signals by sampling, quantifying, and setting binary values. Sampling rate and resolution are key aspects of the process.<|separator|>
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Analog to Digital Conversion - SparkFun Learn
An Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) is a very useful feature that converts an analog voltage on a pin to a digital number.
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History of Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) - Dewesoft
May 3, 2023 · An analog-to-digital converter, or ADC, is a system that converts analog phenomena into digital signals that can be processed and stored on computers.
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Analog-to-Digital Converter - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
An Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) is a device used in computer science that converts analog signals into digital data representation.
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[PDF] ANALOG-DIGITAL CONVERSION
Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) translate analog quantities, which are characteristic of most phenomena in the "real world," to digital language, used in ...
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Jan 20, 2021 · Analog-to-Digital converters (ADC) translate analog signals, real world signals like temperature, pressure, voltage, current, distance, or light intensity, ...What they do · Basic Operation · Understanding Key... · ADC Classifications
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This document provides details on sampling theory, data-sheet specifications, ADC selection criteria and evaluation methods, clock jitter, and other common.
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Sampling theorem - Liquid Instruments
May 18, 2021 · The Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem states that the minimum sampling frequency must be at least twice the maximum frequency component of the original signal.Introduction · Experimental Demonstration · Anti-Aliasing Measures On...
[13]
https://www.ni.com/docs/en-US/bundle/dst-driver/page/sampling-nyquist-shannon.html
[14]
[PDF] Fundamentals of Precision ADC Noise Analysis - Texas Instruments
Chapter 1: Introduction to ADC noise. Chapter 1 encompasses three sections. In Section 3.1, I'll focus on analog-to-digital converter (ADC) noise fundamentals.<|separator|>
[15]
[PDF] SAR & Delta-Sigma ADCs Understanding Basic Operation
SAR ADCs work like a balance scale, determining MSB first, then LSB last. Delta-Sigma ADCs average signal over a sampling interval. SAR has a "snap-shot" ...
[16]
[PDF] ANALOG-DIGITAL CONVERSION - 1. Data Converter History
The ADC and DAC developed by Reeves deserves some further discussion, since they represent one of the first all-electronic data converters on record.
[17]
General Washington's Aides-de-Camp - National Park Service
Apr 16, 2019 · At Valley Forge, General Washington was assisted by a staff of seven aides-de-camp. The aides were relatively younger men, who were hard-working, well-educated.
[18]
No One Succeeds Alone: Revolutionary War Aides-de-Camps and ...
Jul 3, 2024 · Aides-de-camp were trusted advisors and liaisons, handling communication, strategic planning, and personal management for leaders like ...Missing: definition | Show results with:definition
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Alexander Hamilton: Washington's Military Family
Aide-de-camp is a French term that literally means “camp helper,” and aides were, and still are, a general's administrative assistants. As European armies grew ...Missing: origin | Show results with:origin
[20]
General George Washington's aides-de-camp and military secretaries
Thirty-two men were members of General George Washington's military "family" during the Revolutionary War, serving as his aides-de-camp and military secretaries ...<|separator|>
[21]
“The Pen for our Army” | American Battlefield Trust
Jul 23, 2025 · ... Washington himself described his young aide-de-camp as his "principal and most confidential aide." This post gave Hamilton a vantage point ...
[22]
[PDF] Officer/Enlisted Aide Handbook - US Army Quartermaster School
As an Aide-de-Camp, you will find it necessary to have, as a minimum, two sets of Army greens, one set of dress blues, four sets of ACUs, and two long ...
[23]
[PDF] USAFCOEFS Regulation 10-5
The rank of the Aide-de-Camp depends on the rank of the general officer. Major Functions and Responsibilities a. Provides for the general officer's personal ...
[24]
[PDF] General Eisenhower's aide-de-camp is taken prisoner
Sep 24, 2025 · General Dwight D. “Ike” Eisenhower had enough to worry about in March and April of 1943. The first major U.S. land.
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https://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/DR_pubs/DR_a/pdf/web/ARN17891_ATP%203-91%20FINAL%20WEB.pdf
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[PDF] Does the U.S. Army Need Divisions?
64 The division span of command and control under the ROAD structure was six, and subordinate echelons averaged five. The ROAD division structure went to war in ...<|separator|>
[27]
Looking back for the way ahead: An interview with Retired Gen ...
Jan 2, 2018 · Austin III led many troops into combat. He served as the 3rd Infantry Division's assistant division commander for maneuver during the invasion ...
[28]
'We Will Be Ready': George Describes His Focus Areas - AUSA
Oct 4, 2023 · As division commander, George led the 4th Infantry Division headquarters to Afghanistan in support of Operation Freedom's Sentinel. He also was ...
[29]
NORAD History
Click here for a Chronology of NORAD History as of August 2020. The North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) is a bi-national United States and ...
[30]
[PDF] A Brief History of ADTAC - DTIC
On 1 October 1979, assets assigned to Aerospace Defense Command (ADCOM), the U.S. Air Force major command responsible for strategic air defense, were.
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AID to dependent children - Social Security History
{2} Alabama in 1935 enacted a law providing aid to dependent children that is comparable to the laws previously enacted in other States for this purpose.
[32]
[PDF] 1 A Brief History of the AFDC Program - https: // aspe . hhs . gov.
AFDC, originally Aid to Dependent Children, was created in 1935 to help needy children. It was replaced by PRWORA in 1996 after 60 years. Initially, it ...
[33]
Aid To Dependent Children: The Legal History
Sep 28, 2020 · Aid to Dependent Children (ADC), later AFDC, was part of the 1935 Social Security Act, providing aid to poor parents. It was repealed in 1996.Missing: enactment | Show results with:enactment
[34]
[PDF] Vital Statistics Rates in the United States, 1940-1960
The present volume has been planned to bring forward to 1960 the basic mortality and natality data included in the earlier rep6rt. It contains also tables ...
[35]
An analysis of out-of-wedlock births in the United States | Brookings
Since 1970, out-of-wedlock birth rates have soared. In 1965, 24 percent of black infants and 3.1 percent of white infants were born to single mothers.
[36]
The Incentive Effects of Cash Transfers to the Poor | Cato Institute
Oct 28, 2020 · To answer the question of whether this welfare program generated negative incentive effects, we construct a novel data set of about 16,000 women ...
[37]
[PDF] Welfare and the Well-Being of Children: The Relative Effectiveness ...
The Family Support Act of 1988 eliminated some of the perverse incentives of the system by requiring all states to establish AFDC-UP programs and to make ...
[38]
The Effect of Welfare on Child Outcomes - NCBI - NIH
Thus, it creates fewer perverse incentives than AFDC. If it is difficult to identify the effects of cash transfers under AFDC, the problems involved in ...Missing: dependency | Show results with:dependency
[39]
The Outcomes of 1996 Welfare Reform - Brookings Institution
Jul 19, 2006 · The most important reform was the replacement of the old Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program with the Temporary Assistance for Needy ...
[40]
[PDF] Welfare Reform What Have We Learned in Fifteen Years?
1 TANF was created in 1996 to replace. Aid to Families with Dependent Children ... Credits can be earned either by reducing the TANF caseload relative to a ...<|separator|>
[41]
Correctional Populations in the United States, 2023 – Statistical Tables
Sep 30, 2025 · The rate of persons under supervision of adult correctional systems was 2,100 per 100,000 adult U.S. residents at yearend 2023, the same as the ...Missing: county | Show results with:county
[42]
[PDF] Jail Inmates 2023 – Statistical Tables - Center for Immigration Studies
At midyear 2023, local jails held 664,200 persons in custody, mirroring figures from midyear 2022 and marking a 10% decrease in inmate population compared to a ...
[43]
Does our county really need a bigger jail? - Prison Policy Initiative
This report provides a roadmap to easier, quicker, cheaper, and more just solutions to jail overcrowding.
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Mass Incarceration: The Whole Pie 2025 | Prison Policy Initiative
Mar 11, 2025 · Graph showing the 366,000 people in state prisons, local jails, federal prisons, youth; Chart showing the number of arrests for drug possession ...
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[PDF] 2018 Update on Prisoner Recidivism: A 9-year Follow-up Period ...
May 5, 2018 · Note: Estimates after year-6 are not presented as 3 years of subsequent arrests could not be measured. See appendix table 12 for estimates and.
[46]
Does Prison Crowding Predict Higher Rates of Substance Use ... - NIH
Prison crowding predicted higher rates of parole violations after release from prison. The effect was magnitude-dependent and particularly strong for drug ...
[47]
[PDF] Did Getting Tough on Crime Pay? | Urban Institute
Since the early 1980s, sentencing reform has been dominated by the use of mandatory penalties, determinate sentences, and guideline-based sentences. Of the ...
[48]
The History of Mass Incarceration | Brennan Center for Justice
Jul 20, 2018 · These changes were spurred in part by laws like the 1994 Crime Bill, which gave states money to perpetuate policies that bred bloated prisons.
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Pathbreakers of Arab America—James Zogby
May 29, 2024 · In 1980 he co-founded the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee with former U.S. Senator James Abourezk. Jim served the ADC as ...
[50]
Is James Zogby a "Builder for Peace"? - Middle East Forum
In 1980, Zogby joined with former Senator James Abourezk to form the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee (ADC). Although nominally the ADC came into ...
[51]
ADC - American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee
American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee · ADC Welcomes FBI's Renewed Call for Justice in the Assassination of Alex Odeh; Unveils Times Square Billboard ...Missing: size achievements wins
[52]
In the Aftermath of Gulf War, Arab-Americans Assess Standing
Mar 13, 1991 · Meanwhile, the first lawsuit related to alleged discrimination has been filed by the ACLU on behalf of Mohammad Ghonoudian, an Iranian-American ...Missing: positions | Show results with:positions
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F.B.I. SAYS JEWISH DEFENSE LEAGUE MAY HAVE PLANTED ...
Nov 9, 1985 · ... terrorism. Report of Anti-terror Squad. An investigation by the bureau's anti-terrorist squad identified the militant Jewish Defense League ...
[54]
The battle of the Mideast lobbies - NBC News
Dec 10, 2003 · Last month, for the first time, the Anti-Discrimination Committee formed a political action committee that will direct campaign contributions to ...
[55]
American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee (ADC) - InfluenceWatch
The organization was co-founded by former U.S. Senator James ... “Jews Speak Out Against American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee Decision To Honor Helen ...
[56]
ATTACKS ON ARAB AMERICANS CONTINUE - James Zogby
May 15, 2000 · Shortly thereafter, I co-founded the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee (ADC) and opened its office in Washington. The slanderous ...
[57]
About ADC - African Democratic Congress
Mission. Our Mission. To reengineer a political party system that is free from domination by wheeler-dealer political elites, money- bags and "god-fathers ...Missing: date | Show results with:date
[58]
African Democratic Congress (ADC) - INEC
The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) was established by the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria to among other things organize ...
[59]
ADC: A new sanctuary for displaced politicians, By Kayode Oladele
they provide ...<|separator|>
[60]
Election Results - INEC
Election Results 2023: Presidential Election, 2023 Governorship Election, 2023 Senatorial District Election, 2023 House of Representatives Election, 2023 House ...
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Opposition Coalition Adopts ADC, Unveils Party - Voice of Nigeria
Jul 3, 2025 · The African Democratic Congress (ADC) has officially formed a coalition with other political parties in preparation for the 2027 general election.
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Welcome to ADC - African Democratic Congress
Join ADC to bring change to Nigeria. Explore our mission, news, and events.Missing: platform | Show results with:platform
[63]
ADC coalition: Political rivalry or alternative governance ideology?
Jul 11, 2025 · The coalition formed by some opposition politicians under the African Democratic Congress (ADC) is a feeble imitation of the APC merger.
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Air Data Computer (ADC) | SKYbrary Aviation Safety
An air data computer (ADC) is an essential avionics component found in aircraft. This computer, rather than individual instruments, can determine the ...
[65]
Air Data Computer - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
An Air Data Computer (ADC) is defined as a device that determines altitude information using principles from mechanical altimeters and integrates data from ...
[66]
[PDF] Air Data Computers - The Aircraft Electronics Association
Current generation air data computers have evolved into a separate sensor/ amplifier that provides a multitude of functions and information. The first ...
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Reverse-engineering the mechanical Bendix Central Air Data ...
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Air Data Computers - Astronautics
Jan 17, 2023 · Astronautics' digital Air Data Computers (ADCs) consist of civil and military variants designed for transport and fighter/trainer aircraft.
[69]
Air data system fault modeling and detection - ScienceDirect.com
Measurement integrity is typically achieved via sensor hardware redundancy and a voting system. Hardware redundancy imposes a cost and payload penalty. This ...
[70]
[PDF] aircraft accident report - NTSB
Sep 13, 2002 · American Eagle Flight 4184 crashed after an in-flight icing encounter caused an uncommanded roll, aileron hinge moment reversal, and loss of ...
[71]
Antibody drug conjugate: the “biological missile” for targeted cancer ...
Mar 22, 2022 · In 2000, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) firstly approved ADC drug, Mylotarg® (gemtuzumab ozogamicin), for adults with acute myeloid ...
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Antibody–drug conjugates as novel anti-cancer chemotherapeutics
Since many ADCs utilize cytotoxins that target rapidly dividing cells, there is a decreased risk of unwanted toxicity if the ADC mistakenly delivers the drug ...
[73]
Antibody–Drug Conjugates: The Last Decade - PMC - NIH
While in 2009 only gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg®) was used clinically, in 2020, 9 Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved ADCs are available, and more ...
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Antibody-Drug Conjugates Continue to Transform the Oncology ...
May 28, 2024 · Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg) was the first FDA-approved ADC. 1 In 2000, gemtuzumab ozogamicin was granted accelerated approval for ...
[75]
Antibody–Drug Conjugates (ADCs): current and future ...
Apr 30, 2025 · These ADCs demonstrate improved concordance, reduced off-target toxicity, and minimized immunogenicity via the use of fully humanized mAbs [21].
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Trastuzumab deruxtecan in HER2-positive advanced breast cancer ...
Sep 13, 2024 · These data show substantial and durable overall and intracranial activity for T-DXd, supporting its use in previously treated patients with HER2 + mBC.
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Resistance to antibody–drug conjugates: A review - ScienceDirect
This review summarizes the recent advances in the discovery of novel ADCs and mechanisms contributing to ADC resistance.Missing: criticisms | Show results with:criticisms
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Off-target toxicity in antibody-drug conjugates - Crown Bioscience Blog
Jul 28, 2025 · Antibody engineering is another promising approach to reducing ADC toxicity. ... effects, and Fc engineering to reduce immune-mediated toxicity.
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League of Legends Dictionary: 20 terms you should know - Red Bull
Dec 13, 2023 · An ADC (or Attack Damage Carry) is usually in reference to the marksman class, a long-ranged carry who goes into the bottom lane with a ...
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League of Legends: ADC (Attack Damage Carry) - Gamepressure.com
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The KEY Differences in Carrying In Dota and League - YouTube
Apr 30, 2024 · Playing as the Hard Carry, Position 1, or ADC can be a vastly different experience depending on whether you're playing Dota or League.Missing: Attack damage
[83]
The De-Evolution of the ADC Role - Dignitas
Feb 23, 2022 · The history of the Attack Damage Carry or ADC role is one that has changed, evolved, and de-evolved into what is currently the meta.
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What happened to the ADCs in 2025? : r/ADCMains - Reddit
Jan 19, 2025 · 2024 ADC Item rework. Beginining of Split 2 ADC was Strong role both in proplay and SOLO QUE! End of Split 2 ADC is strong in pro, but ...Adc lost theyr identity as the game changed over the years (Yes, this ...I've played MOBAs for 10+ years and this is the worst patch of any I ...More results from www.reddit.comMissing: 2009-2025 | Show results with:2009-2025
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[PDF] Adult Day Care Substitute or Supplement - Milbank Memorial Fund
In 1972 there were fewer than 10 nonpsychiatric adult day care centers in the United States: by late 1982 there were 1,000 or more such programs (Urban ...Missing: history origin
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[PDF] Adult Day Services: A Model that Works - Virginia Center on Aging
Adult Day Centers started opening their doors in the 1970's, largely in urban areas. Since then, programs have spread to smaller cities and towns across the ...
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FastStats - Adult Day Services Centers - CDC
There are 5,135 adult day services centers in the U.S., with 57.4% for-profit, and 182,000 participants on any given day.Missing: annually | Show results with:annually
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[PDF] ADULT DAY SERVICES: - https: // aspe . hhs . gov.
The study found that the 37 percent of ADS provider offered a social model of care. (no nursing services furnished), 21 percent provide a medical model (nursing ...
[89]
What Is Adult Day Care? - US News Health
Jun 4, 2025 · Adult day care is generally the least expensive option for senior caregiving, with a national average monthly rate of $2,167, according to ...Missing: effectiveness | Show results with:effectiveness
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Adult day care can benefit older adults and their caregivers
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[91]
Effects of Adult Day Care on Daily Stress of Caregivers - NIH
Jun 3, 2011 · ADS use lowered caregivers' exposure to stressors and may improve behavior and sleep for people with dementia on days they have ADS.Missing: burnout prevention
[92]
Impact of adult day service on long-term care placement: A scoping ...
Apr 14, 2025 · The use of interventions like adult day services (ADS) may delay placement into long-term care homes among older adults living with dementia and ...
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Effect of Adult Day Program Attendance on Emergency Room ...
Dec 6, 2015 · In the present study, individuals who attended adult day programs had lower 100-day rates of emergency room registrations, hospital admissions, ...
[94]
Adult day programs and their effects on individuals with dementia ...
Oct 23, 2024 · Adult day programs aim to facilitate aging in place by supporting the health and well-being of persons with dementia and providing respite to their caregivers.
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[PDF] Evaluating the Effectiveness of Adult Day Care on Alleviating ...
After six months through the program, caregivers reported fewer hours involved in caregiving tasks relieving overload, worry and strain, depression and anger.<|separator|>
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Adult Day Services Supply - AARP LTSS Scorecard
May 28, 2024 · Adult day services supply fell to 54 slots per 10,000 people 65+ in 2020-2021. California had 154, while Arizona and Oregon had 4.Missing: HHS | Show results with:HHS
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Adult Day Care: An Important Long-Term Care Alternative ... - NIH
Adult day care programs are an invaluable alternative to traditional long-term care placement, provide needed support to family caregivers and can often lessen ...