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AM General

AM General LLC is a privately held American heavy vehicle manufacturer headquartered in , specializing in the engineering, production, and support of military light tactical vehicles, commercial chassis, and related automotive systems. The company is best known for the High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV), commonly called the , which it has produced since winning a U.S. Army contract in 1983 for 55,000 units, ultimately delivering over 280,000 HMMWVs by 2012 and continuing production today. Over its more than 100-year heritage through predecessor entities, AM General and its lineage have manufactured over 1 million vehicles, including more than 300,000 light tactical platforms supplied to customers in over 70 countries, positioning it as the global leader in military light tactical vehicle production and install base. Originally established in 1971 as a subsidiary of to handle defense contracts, AM General focused on Jeeps, trucks, and buses before pivoting to advanced military designs like the HMMWV, which revolutionized light tactical mobility with its versatile, rugged four-wheel-drive capabilities. Its facilities span , , and , supporting a across 43 U.S. states and enabling rapid adaptation to defense needs, such as up-armored variants and modernized platforms like the HUMVEE Saber and Hawkeye. While ownership has involved investment groups including and , the company's emphasis remains on high-quality, mission-critical vehicles without notable public controversies disrupting its core operations.

History

Origins in Early Automotive Manufacturing

The origins of what would become AM General lie in the Standard Wheel Company, established in 1902 in , initially producing bicycles, wheels, and related components before venturing into powered vehicles. In 1903, the company expanded into automobile manufacturing through its Overland Automotive Division, introducing the Overland Runabout, a basic runabout model that marked its entry into early automotive production amid the nascent U.S. industry focused on lightweight, affordable horseless carriages. By 1908, financier John North Willys acquired the struggling Overland Automotive Company for approximately $8,000 after a disrupted operations, reorganizing it under new including Claude E. and M. . Willys relocated to a facility in and later to , renaming and expanding the entity into Willys-Overland by , which rapidly grew into one of America's leading automakers, ranking second in U.S. sales during the era with models like the sleeve-valve engine series and the compact . The Great Depression prompted bankruptcy and reorganization in 1936 as Willys-Overland Motors, Inc., shifting emphasis toward durable, utilitarian vehicles suited for military applications. This culminated in 1940 with the development of a prototype four-wheel-drive 1/4-ton reconnaissance vehicle, leading to the 1941 production of the Willys MB Jeep—a lightweight, versatile utility truck that supplied over 350,000 units to Allied forces by 1945, proving instrumental in World War II logistics and establishing the company's expertise in off-road and military-grade automotive engineering. Postwar consolidation saw industrialist purchase -Overland in 1953, rebranding it as Willys Motors and focusing on civilian Jeeps alongside specialized contracts like 14,000 postal delivery vans in the 1960s. In 1963, it became Corporation, acquiring the former plant in , in 1964 to bolster capabilities, laying groundwork for dedicated defense-oriented that emphasized rugged , high-torque engines, and modular designs for contracts.

Era of American Motors Corporation

In 1970, () acquired the Jeep Corporation from Kaiser Industries, including its General Products Division responsible for military and production. The following year, on April 1, 1971, reorganized this division into a wholly owned named AM General Corporation, headquartered in , to specialize in non-passenger vehicles such as trucks, buses, and government contracts. This separation allowed to focus its core Jeep passenger and light utility vehicle lines while AM General handled heavier-duty and specialized output, leveraging facilities in South Bend and Mishawaka. AM General continued production of military trucks inherited from Kaiser-Jeep, notably fulfilling a $212 million U.S. (DAAE06-69-B-0001) for 13,066 five-ton M809-series 6x6 trucks via a agreement transferred to . The company also manufactured the DJ-5 Dispatcher series, a forward-control primarily for and commercial use, featuring right-hand-drive configurations, automatic transmissions, and inline-six engines like the 232-cubic-inch unit; these were produced through the late 1970s and early 1980s for the U.S. and other fleets. In 1974, AM General entered the transit bus market through a partnership with Flyer Industries of , producing the series of urban coaches at its South Bend plant; over approximately four years until 1978, the firm built around 4,300 to 5,212 units, including standard, articulated, and trolley variants, before discontinuing bus production due to market challenges. Military contracts expanded in the mid-1970s, with AM General securing a major U.S. Army award on July 28, 1977, for heavy trucks—then the largest such contract in history—covering M915-series line-haul tractors and related 6x6 variants. By , amid evolving defense needs, AM General engineers initiated development of a next-generation light tactical vehicle, culminating in a 1981 U.S. Army prototype contract for the High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV), with testing completed in 1982; early production contracts followed in 1983 shortly before the subsidiary's divestiture. These efforts underscored AM General's shift toward advanced military mobility solutions, supported by its engineering expertise and government-focused operations. Facing financial strains, AMC sold AM General to the LTV Corporation on September 20, 1983, for an undisclosed sum, transitioning the subsidiary to LTV Aerospace and Defense as part of broader restructuring; this marked the end of direct AMC oversight after 12 years, during which AM General had established itself as a key independent of AMC's struggling passenger car divisions.

Independence Under LTV and Renco

In July 1983, (AMC) agreed to sell its AM General to LTV Corporation for $170 million in cash, severing ties with AMC's passenger vehicle operations and positioning AM General as an independent defense-oriented manufacturer. The transaction addressed AMC's capital needs amid financial strain from its partnership and allowed LTV to capitalize on AM General's recent $1.2 billion U.S. contract for the High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV), while complying with U.S. restrictions on foreign-influenced firms handling defense work. Under LTV, AM General operated as a wholly owned of LTV and Company, concentrating on trucks, commercial buses, and specialized vehicles with approximately 1,650 employees and $374 million in 1990 sales. LTV's 1986 bankruptcy filing disrupted its broader operations but did not halt AM General's production; the subsidiary persisted in HMMWV manufacturing, which began full-scale output in 1985, and other defense contracts. In 1986, AM General was reorganized within LTV as the AM General Division of the Missiles and Electronics Group, with headquarters relocated to , to streamline defense-focused activities. This era marked AM General's operational autonomy from consumer automotive cycles, enabling sustained emphasis on rugged, purpose-built vehicles amid LTV's and diversification. In January 1992, a U.S. federal bankruptcy court approved LTV's sale of AM General to , a New York-based private investment firm led by , for $133 million, further solidifying its independence as a standalone entity unburdened by LTV's financial woes. acquisition preserved AM General's core competencies in military and commercial vehicle production, including ongoing HMMWV variants and transit buses, without integrating it into non-related industries. By April 1992, the transfer was complete, allowing AM General to pursue growth in defense contracting and early civilian adaptations of its platforms. In 2002, restructured AM General into a , enhancing its flexibility for future partnerships while maintaining private ownership. This period under emphasized self-reliant innovation in high-mobility vehicles, free from the oversight of larger conglomerates.

Development of the Hummer Brand

In the late 1980s, following the commercial success and public visibility of the High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV) during military operations, AM General identified demand for a civilian variant to capitalize on the vehicle's rugged reputation. Influenced by high-profile enthusiasts, including , who acquired one of the first non-military HMMWVs and advocated for a street-legal version, AM General adapted the design for public sale. This civilian model retained core military-grade features such as , a 6.2-liter initially producing 190 horsepower, and a 16-inch ground clearance, but incorporated modifications like doors, a , and emissions-compliant components to meet civilian regulations. AM General officially introduced the in 1992, marketing it as "the world's most serious 4x4" to emphasize its off-road prowess and durability derived from the HMMWV platform. Production occurred at the company's facility alongside military HMMWVs, with initial output limited to about 700 units annually due to the specialized assembly process. Priced starting at approximately $98,000—reflecting its premium materials, including a and aluminum body panels—the appealed to affluent buyers seeking extreme capability, though its 10-12 mpg and 7,000-pound curb weight posed practical challenges for everyday use. Over its run, AM General produced 11,818 H1 models from 1992 to 2006, with enhancements over time including a turbocharged 6.5-liter option by 1999 boosting output to 195 horsepower and improved transmissions. To expand the brand beyond the niche H1, AM General entered a licensing agreement with in 1999, transferring the Hummer trademark and marketing rights while retaining manufacturing responsibilities for the H1. This partnership enabled GM to develop derivative models like the midsize , based on a shortened Tahoe platform with Hummer styling cues, broadening market reach through GMC dealerships. AM General's role in brand development thus focused on establishing the 's identity as a symbol of uncompromising toughness, laying the foundation for subsequent variants while prioritizing fidelity to the original HMMWV engineering principles.

Post-2004 Restructuring and Ownership

In August 2004, AM General, facing significant debt, underwent a restructuring through a formed between Inc., its owner since 1992, and Holdings Inc., controlled by billionaire . This arrangement allowed to assume majority control of the company, which continued operations focused on production, including the High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV), while civilian assembly had already been licensed to since 1999. Under ' control from 2004 to 2020, AM General maintained its core defense contracting business, securing contracts such as expansions for HMMWV variants and pursuing bids for next-generation vehicles like the (JLTV). The company did not undergo publicly detailed operational overhauls during this period, though it navigated challenges including the 2010 discontinuation of the civilian line by following the latter's bankruptcy. On July 22, 2020, , LP, a specializing in manufacturing and industrial turnarounds, announced a definitive agreement to acquire AM General from and through a newly formed affiliate. The transaction, valued undisclosed but described as enabling long-term growth in defense mobility solutions, closed on October 1, 2020, subject to regulatory approvals. Since the acquisition, AM General has continued under ownership, emphasizing sustainment of legacy programs like the HMMWV and advancing production on the JLTV A2 contract awarded in February 2023, valued at over $8.66 billion. No further ownership changes have been reported as of 2025.

Products

Early Commercial Vehicles

AM General's early production centered on the series, particularly the DJ-5 Dispatcher models adapted for urban delivery and postal services. Established in 1970 as American Motors Corporation's dedicated division for government and specialty vehicles, AM General inherited and expanded production of these right-hand-drive, two-wheel-drive Jeeps originally developed by predecessors and Kaiser-Jeep. The DJ-5 featured a forward-control cab for efficient cargo access, with later variants under AM General incorporating the 150-cubic-inch (2.5 L) AMC inline-four engine and produced through 1984, including the DJ-5M model. The series supported commercial applications like mail delivery, with cumulative production exceeding 150,000 units across its lifespan, emphasizing durability in short-haul operations. Parallel to Jeep production, AM General ventured into transit buses starting in 1974 with the series, adopting a conventional "New Look" design to supply municipal operators. Built at the plant, these buses utilized V-series engines and were marketed for city routes, delivering 5,212 diesel models and 219 trolley coaches by 1979. This entry capitalized on underutilized capacity from prior Jeep assembly, providing reliable 40-foot coaches with high-back seats and options, though production ceased after five years amid market competition. These offerings positioned AM General as a versatile manufacturer bridging light utility vehicles and heavier equipment, leveraging Jeep heritage for commercial adaptability before pivoting toward defense contracts. The DJ series emphasized compact, purpose-built mobility for service fleets, while buses addressed urban transport demands with standardized components for maintenance efficiency.

Transit and Specialized Buses

AM General entered the transit bus market in by acquiring rights to produce the Flyer Industries D700A model, which it redesigned into the series with updated front and rear styling and larger side windows. The company manufactured these 40-foot coaches primarily for urban transit systems, producing 5,212 units excluding prototypes, trolley coaches, and articulated variants between and 1979. Initial deliveries included units to Transit in , marking a significant expansion from AM General's prior focus on commercial trucks and Jeeps under . Key models encompassed the 35-foot 9635 variant, powered by a V6 , with 100 units delivered to in 1975 as its first air-conditioned fleet. The standard 40-foot Metropolitan series featured engines and automatic transmissions, serving agencies like with model 10240-B. Production emphasized durability for high-mileage urban routes, though the buses faced reliability challenges in some deployments, such as early NYC models. In specialized bus production, AM General built 219 trolley coaches for and between 1978 and 1979, completing its diesel bus contracts before shifting focus. It also entered manufacturing through a with , producing units like the 1979 model deployed in for high-capacity routes. These vehicles incorporated MAN components for extended length and passenger capacity, addressing demands for efficient mass transit in congested cities. AM General ceased bus production in 1979, redirecting resources toward military contracts, including early work on the HMMWV prototype, after delivering over 5,000 motor coaches overall. The exit followed competitive pressures from established builders like and , with AM General's buses noted for innovative entry but limited long-term market share. Surviving units, such as Portland's 1984-operating models, highlight the fleet's service longevity in select systems despite production's brevity.

Civilian Hummer Line

The civilian , introduced by AM General in 1992, represented the company's entry into consumer markets with a road-legal variant of the military High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV). Assembled at the plant alongside military models, the H1 retained the HMMWV's rugged chassis, , and portal axles for superior off-road performance, including a ground clearance of up to 16 inches and approach angles exceeding 70 degrees. Early production models featured a 6.2-liter producing 170 horsepower and 290 lb-ft of torque, mated to a four-speed , with curb weights around 6,800 pounds emphasizing durability over efficiency. Subsequent iterations incorporated refinements for civilian use, such as upgraded interiors, four-door configurations, and turbocharged 6.5-liter engines boosting output to 190 horsepower and 430 lb-ft of by the early . The final 2006 H1 Alpha model marked a significant upgrade with ' 6.6-liter Duramax V8, generating 300 horsepower and 520 lb-ft of , paired with a five-speed Allison for enhanced drivability. These vehicles prioritized and low-end power for capacities up to 6,000 pounds and extreme terrain navigation, though fuel economy remained low at 10-12 combined. Production totaled several thousand units annually in a , ceasing in after acquired the brand and marketing rights from AM General in 1999, while AM General retained assembly responsibilities. In parallel, AM General expanded its role in the civilian lineup by manufacturing the from 2002 to 2009 under contract for , which handled design and branding. The , built on a shortened GMT820 platform with shared HMMWV-inspired elements like construction, offered a more accessible five- to six-passenger with a 6.0-liter or 6.2-liter V8 engine producing 325-393 horsepower, focusing on a balance of luxury features and off-road capability via features like hill descent control and locking differentials. This arrangement leveraged AM General's expertise in heavy-duty assembly, producing over 150,000 units before discontinuation amid shifting market demands for . AM General's involvement ended with the H2, as the smaller model was developed and produced independently by without AM General's direct participation.

Military Vehicles

High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV)

The High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV), commonly referred to as the Humvee, is a series of four-wheel-drive light tactical vehicles developed and produced by AM General to meet U.S. military requirements for a versatile utility truck capable of replacing the M151 jeep, M718 ambulance, and other aging light trucks. In 1979, AM General initiated design work on the HMMWV as a private venture aligned with draft U.S. Army specifications for a high-mobility vehicle weighing no more than 5,000 pounds empty, with independent suspension on all wheels for superior cross-country performance. The company unveiled its prototype, designated M998, in November 1980, which underwent rigorous testing and was selected as the winner of the Army's competition in mid-1981. AM General received a $1.9 billion contract in March 1983 to produce 55,000 HMMWVs over five years, with initial production vehicles rolling off the assembly line in , in late 1984 and the first deliveries to the U.S. Army occurring in July 1985. The baseline M998 model features a , aluminum body panels, a 6.2-liter V8 producing 150 horsepower, a three-speed automatic transmission, and portal axles with inboard brakes for 16 inches of ground clearance, enabling a top speed of 65 mph on roads and a range of approximately 300 miles. It supports a of up to 1,100 pounds for cargo variants and can ford 30 inches of water or climb 60% grades, with options for a 6,000-pound self-recovery . Over its production run, AM General manufactured more than 280,000 HMMWVs by 2012, encompassing over 20 variants including the M1038 cargo/troop carrier, M1043 armament carrier with turret ring, M996 ambulance, M1046 TOW/TOW2 missile carrier, and shelter carriers for command or roles. Subsequent upgrades introduced the A1 series in with enhanced engines and the A2 series in the mid-1990s featuring a more powerful 6.5-liter V8 diesel, improved cooling, and heavier-duty components to address evolving mission demands. The HMMWV entered operational service in and has been deployed in major U.S. conflicts including the , where over 20,000 units supported logistics and combat roles, as well as subsequent operations in and . Exported to more than 70 countries, the platform remains in production for recapitalization and limited new builds, with AM General delivering upgraded M1151A1 models as recently as 2020.

Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV) and Variants

The Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV) program, initiated by the U.S. military to succeed elements of the High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV) fleet, emphasizes superior ballistic and mine protection, off-road mobility, and payload capacity exceeding 3,500 pounds while maintaining transportability in C-130 aircraft. Initial engineering and manufacturing development contracts were awarded to Oshkosh Defense in 2015, leading to full-rate production of the JLTV A1 starting in 2018. AM General secured the JLTV Family of Vehicles (FoV) recompete contract on February 9, 2023, shifting production of the upgraded A2 variant to its facilities and introducing over 250 design enhancements for improved reliability, efficiency, and adaptability. This five-year indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity agreement, with a potential five-year extension and ceiling value of $8.66 billion, authorizes up to approximately 20,000 JLTVs and 10,000 trailers for U.S. Armed Forces use. The JLTV A2, manufactured at AM General's 96-acre Mishawaka Manufacturing Campus in under IATF 16949 quality certification, incorporates a 2024 model year L5P Duramax shared with commercial heavy-duty applications, paired with an Allison 2500 Generation 6 optimized for gear coding that boosts fuel economy and operational range. A 24-volt system replaces legacy lead-acid units, enabling advanced electrical architecture compatible with future hybrid propulsion, while enhanced corrosion-resistant coatings surpass the 30-year durability threshold. Additional refinements include reduced acoustic noise for crew comfort, simplified software interfaces for easier upgrades, redesigned interior harnesses for maintenance access, and a modular base integration kit that expands cargo volume without compromising protection levels rated against 14.5mm armor-piercing rounds and improvised explosive devices. These upgrades address operational feedback from A1 deployments, prioritizing lifecycle through parts commonality with civilian components and onsite testing via an integrated track at the facility. The JLTV FoV under AM General's contract encompasses mission-specific variants tailored for tactical roles, including the four-seat Combat Tactical Vehicle (CTV) optimized for troop transport and direct engagement with integrated weapon stations, and the two-seat Combat Support Vehicle (CSV) focused on logistics, reconnaissance, and command functions with provisions for anti-drone remote weapon systems like the Hornet Air Guard. Broader family configurations extend to utility platforms for general purpose mobility and close combat weapons carriers, all maintaining a curb weight under 14,000 pounds to preserve airlift compatibility and off-road performance via independent suspension and central tire inflation. Deliveries commenced 17 months post-award in mid-2024, with low-rate initial production achieving milestones by April 2025, including the rollout of the first six A2 prototypes for Army validation at AM General's South Bend site before wider fielding of 19 initial units. As of August 2025, the A2 variant received export clearance for international partners, supporting interoperability while the U.S. Army evaluates sustainment amid program adjustments.

Other Defense Products and Systems

AM General develops and supplies Expanded Capability Kits (XCK), modular upgrade systems that enhance vehicle performance in areas such as mobility, lethality, survivability, and power generation. These kits, including the Troop Transport XCK, enable configurations for increased personnel capacity—up to nine soldiers—with integrated crush protection and expanded operational flexibility for tactical missions. The XCK family leverages proven architectures to deliver rapid of advanced features without requiring full vehicle replacement. Complementing these, the company's Enhanced Tactical Kits (ETK) provide targeted improvements in , , and sustainment for deployed forces. Introduced as bolt-on solutions, ETKs incorporate armor upgrades, integrations, and systems to address evolving threats in contested environments, with deployments supporting U.S. and allied operations since at least 2019. Beyond hardware kits, AM General offers comprehensive and services through its Technology and Engineering Center, encompassing full lifecycle management from prototype development to field sustainment. These services include custom platform , integrated systems, , and planning, serving clients with over 300,000 automotive systems in global service as of recent reports. In mobile artillery, AM General produces the 105mm Mobile Howitzer System, a lightweight, truck-mounted platform designed for rapid deployment and high-mobility . The next-generation variant, showcased in 2025, features restyled , enhanced firing rates, and compatibility with modern targeting networks, enabling missions in expeditionary operations.

Innovations and Future Directions

Engineering Advancements in Mobility

AM General's engineering efforts in mobility have centered on enhancing off-road performance, payload capacity, and terrain adaptability in its tactical vehicles, particularly through iterative upgrades to suspension systems and drivetrains. The High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV), introduced in 1985, featured a geared hub assembly in the powertrain that doubled torque to each wheel, enabling 16 inches of ground clearance and superior traction across diverse terrains. In 1989, suspension improvements and upgraded brakes further boosted off-road capabilities, while gross vehicle weight (GVW) ratings progressively increased from 10,000 pounds initially to 12,100 pounds by 1996. By 2012, a heavy suspension upgrade kit enhanced wheel travel and durability for rugged environments, raising GVW to 14,100 pounds and improving overall mobility without compromising transportability. Subsequent HMMWV variants incorporated specialized mobility enhancements, such as the Enhanced Mobility Upgrade System, which provided higher wheel travel, elevated off-road performance, and a 21,500-pound GVW for heavier loads in demanding operations. In 2017, the platform introduced revolutionary solutions tailored for early-entry missions, including upgraded steering geometry and higher off-road speeds. These advancements extended to future-oriented designs, like the 2025 Future Driven concept, which integrates position-sensitive dampers, custom-tuned springs, and increased wheel travel for refined ride quality and enhanced terrain negotiation. The (JLTV) program represented a leap in engineering, emphasizing systems to deliver agile handling and protection under combat loads. AM General's JLTV A2 variant, entering production in 2023, incorporates a 2024 L5P Duramax engine and Allison 2500 Gen 6 transmission for optimized power delivery, , and extended operational range in austere conditions. Early prototypes, including the 2013 BRV-O demonstrator, successfully navigated the U.S. military's severe off-road track (SORT) without failure, validating advancements in robustness and tuning for extreme . Over 200 refinements in the A2 model, such as lithium-ion batteries reducing weight for potential hybridization and redesigned accessory drives for reliability, further elevate versatility and exceeding 30-year standards in harsh scenarios.

Electrification and Autonomous Capabilities

AM General has pursued electrification primarily through hybrid-electric powertrains tailored for military tactical vehicles, emphasizing enhanced mobility, reduced acoustic signatures, and auxiliary power export. In November 2021, the company partnered with to develop hybrid-electric technologies, focusing on integrating propulsion systems into existing platforms like the for improved and operational . The Charge concept, introduced in October 2023, represents a hybrid-electric variant of the High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV), featuring an directly powering the wheels alongside a conventional . This configuration enables silent watch modes for extended periods without engine operation, rapid acceleration surpassing the standard HMMWV, and the capacity to export up to 20 kilowatts of power for battlefield applications such as charging equipment or powering weapons systems. In parallel, AM General has advanced autonomous capabilities via drive-by-wire architectures and modular unmanned systems to support remote operations and reduce personnel exposure in contested environments. The HUMVEE Swarm initiative adapts HMMWV platforms with drive-by-wire controls to enable fully autonomous convoying and unmanned asset delivery, facilitating scalable swarm tactics for and . A key recent development occurred in October 2025, when AM General collaborated with Robotics and Systems to create the Modular Multi-Mission Transport (M-MET), a purpose-built for the U.S. Army. This platform supports autonomous of supplies, power generation, and distribution across varied terrains, with a modular design allowing mission-specific adaptations like or resupply without human drivers. Earlier prototypes, demonstrated in 2017 at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, integrated autonomy kits onto AM General vehicles to showcase robotic , including and payload handling in off-road scenarios, laying groundwork for subsequent unmanned integrations. These efforts align with broader U.S. military priorities for and autonomous systems to enhance and lethality, though full-scale fielding remains in prototyping phases pending operational validation.

Impact and Controversies

Achievements in Defense Contracting

AM General's defense contracting achievements center on its role as a primary supplier of tactical wheeled vehicles to the U.S. , with landmark contracts for the High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV) and (JLTV) programs. In January 1985, the company secured an initial U.S. Army contract to produce 55,000 HMMWVs over a five-year period, marking the start of that transformed ground mobility. Production volumes surpassed initial projections, exceeding 280,000 units by 2012, with ongoing sustainment contracts ensuring fleet reliability in diverse operational environments. Recent HMMWV contracts underscore sustained demand, including a $126.5 million modification in July 2025 for M1165A1B3 variants to support U.S. Army and , and a $50.9 million in September 2025 for over 200 additional vehicles including M1152A1B2 and M1165A1B3 models. These awards reflect the HMMWV's enduring utility in patrols, , and , with AM General maintaining production at its facility. In the JLTV program, AM General achieved a significant milestone by winning the five-year follow-on production recompete contract on February 9, , valued at up to $8.6 billion for approximately 20,000 vehicles, trailers, and associated kits and services, outcompeting incumbent Oshkosh Defense. This contract emphasized enhancements like improved corrosion protection and fuel efficiency, bolstering JLTV's role as a next-generation replacement for up-armored HMMWVs with superior protection and payload capacity. A subsequent $4.6 billion in May further expanded production for U.S. forces and allies. The JLTV success earned AM General the Excellence for business expansion, highlighting its competitive edge in delivering advanced tactical mobility solutions.

Criticisms and Operational Challenges

The High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV), produced by AM General since , encountered significant operational challenges during deployments in and , where it was increasingly employed in roles beyond its original design for and rapid troop movement. In environments characterized by improvised explosive devices (IEDs), unarmored HMMWVs proved highly vulnerable, contributing to elevated casualty rates among U.S. forces; for instance, early in the starting in 2003, attacks on soft-skinned HMMWVs resulted in numerous fatalities, prompting urgent up-armoring efforts. Subsequent up-armoring initiatives, including the addition of kits weighing up to 3,000 pounds, addressed ballistic threats but introduced new drawbacks such as heightened rollover risks due to elevated center of gravity, doors that jammed under combat stress impeding rapid egress, and diminished off-road mobility and fuel efficiency. These modifications, necessitated by evolving threats from anticipated conventional warfare to prolonged counterinsurgency operations, highlighted the HMMWV's limitations as a lightly armored utility vehicle when repurposed for convoy security and urban patrols, leading to the U.S. military's pivot toward Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicles by 2007. AM General's transition to producing the (JLTV) under an $8.7 billion follow-on contract awarded in February 2023 faced scrutiny over the company's production readiness and financial stability, with critics citing its lack of prior JLTV manufacturing experience and ownership by firms as risks to program execution. Oshkosh Defense, the incumbent producer, protested the award, alleging deficiencies in AM General's production processes and corrosion testing protocols, though the denied the protest in June 2023. Initial JLTV deliveries were delayed by six months to early 2025, attributed partly to disruptions and facility ramp-up challenges, raising concerns about meeting contractual timelines amid broader defense industry constraints. Further operational critiques of the JLTV, now under AM General's production, include reports of reliability issues in field use, such as excessive weight compromising bridge-crossing capabilities and maneuverability in rugged terrain, echoing some HMMWV up-armoring pitfalls despite design improvements for enhanced protection and . U.S. Senator highlighted AM General's "very high " and low-margin bidding strategy as potential indicators of delivery shortfalls, underscoring systemic challenges in defense contracting where financial pressures can exacerbate production delays and demands.

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