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Assumption

An assumption is a belief, proposition, or statement accepted as true without empirical verification or proof, frequently underlying inferences, arguments, or decisions in logic, philosophy, and critical thinking.^[1]^[2] In logical reasoning, assumptions differ from explicit premises by often remaining implicit or unstated, serving as presuppositions that bridge gaps between evidence and conclusions, yet they must be scrutinized to ensure argumentative soundness.^[3]^[4] Key characteristics include their role as cognitive shortcuts enabling efficient thought—such as presuming causality from correlation absent counterevidence—but also their potential to introduce errors when rooted in untested biases or incomplete data, as seen in flawed scientific hypotheses or policy rationales that fail under empirical review.^[5]^[6] Distinctions from related concepts, like axioms (self-evident truths in formal systems) or presumptions (provisional beliefs supported by some evidence), highlight assumptions' provisional nature, demanding validation through observation or deduction to align with causal realities rather than mere convention.^[7]^[8]

Etymology and Core Definition

Linguistic origins

The word assumption entered English in the late 14th century from Late Latin assumptiōnem (nominative assumptiō), denoting "a taking up" or "receiving," particularly in reference to the elevation into heaven.^[9] This noun derives from the past-participle stem of the verb assūmere, meaning "to take up, adopt, or claim for oneself," composed of the prefix ad- ("to, toward, up") and sūmere ("to take, seize, or buy"), the latter contracted from subemere where sub- indicates "up from below."^[10] The root sūmere traces to the Proto-Indo-European *em-, signifying "to take" or "distribute," which also underlies words like "exempt" and "redeem" across Indo-European languages.^[10] The earliest recorded use in English appears in 1297 within Robert of Gloucester's Chronicle, borrowed directly from Latin assūmptiōn-em, reflecting medieval theological contexts such as the Assumption of Mary before broader applications emerged.^[11] In parallel, the term passed through Old French assumption (12th century), adapting the Latin form while retaining its core sense of appropriation or elevation, though English usage solidified independently via ecclesiastical Latin influences during the Middle Ages.^[1] Semantically, the linguistic pathway preserved the active connotation of voluntary or authoritative "taking," distinguishing it from passive reception terms like receptio.^[9]

Primary definitions across contexts

An assumption is a statement, belief, or proposition accepted as true without proof or empirical verification, often serving as an unexamined foundation for further reasoning or action.^[12]^[1] This core sense distinguishes assumptions from established facts, as they rely on supposition rather than direct evidence, potentially introducing error if invalidated.^[13] In ordinary usage, assumptions manifest as implicit expectations, such as presuming a person's reliability based on superficial traits, which can lead to misjudgments absent confirmatory data.^[14] In logical and philosophical contexts, an assumption functions as a premise taken for granted to initiate deduction or inference, distinct from axioms by its provisional status subject to challenge.^[4] Unlike explicit premises stated in arguments, assumptions often remain unarticulated, bridging evidence to conclusions; their validity determines the argument's soundness, as unwarranted ones underpin fallacies like begging the question.^[3] Legally, assumption refers to the act of voluntarily taking upon oneself another's obligation, such as a debt or liability, thereby assuming primary responsibility for its fulfillment.^[15] For instance, in contract law, a party may assume a lease or mortgage, releasing the original obligor upon lender approval, a process requiring explicit agreement to transfer enforceability.^[16] This differs from mere acceptance of risk, as assumption implies affirmative adoption, often documented to avoid disputes over successor liability.^[17] In financial and accounting practices, assumption commonly denotes the takeover of an existing loan, such as a mortgage assumption where a buyer inherits the seller's interest rate and terms, potentially bypassing qualification for new financing if the lender consents.^[16] This mechanism, prevalent in real estate until regulatory shifts in the 1980s limited due-on-sale clauses, hinges on the assuming party's creditworthiness and serves to preserve favorable loan conditions amid market fluctuations.^[15] Assumptions in financial modeling, meanwhile, underpin projections by positing baseline scenarios—like steady growth rates—without historical guarantees, demanding sensitivity analysis to assess robustness against real-world variances.^[17]

Philosophical and Logical Dimensions

Assumptions in formal logic

In formal logic, assumptions are propositions accepted as true at the outset of a derivation or subproof, serving as the foundational premises from which subsequent inferences are drawn using specified rules of inference. Unlike axioms, which are unconditionally adopted as self-evident truths within a logical system (such as the law of excluded middle in classical logic), assumptions are often provisional and context-bound, allowing for hypothetical reasoning without committing to their universal validity. This distinction enables logicians to explore conditional consequences while isolating the impact of unproven claims.^[18]^[19] Proof systems like natural deduction explicitly incorporate mechanisms for introducing and discharging assumptions. In a conditional proof, for example, one assumes a formula \phi (the antecedent), derives \psi (the consequent) within the subproof, and then discharges \phi to infer the implication \phi \to \psi, thereby concluding the result without reliance on the temporary assumption. Similarly, existential generalization or universal instantiation may involve assumptions tied to specific terms or witnesses, which are discharged upon generalization. The basic rule of assumption permits immediate derivation of any formula from the set of active assumptions, formalized as: if \phi \in \Gamma, then \Gamma \vdash \phi. Such structures ensure that proofs track dependencies, preventing invalid smuggling of unsubstantiated claims into final conclusions.^[20]^[19] In sequent calculus and Hilbert-style systems, assumptions appear as antecedents in sequents (\Gamma \vdash \Delta) or as added premises alongside axioms, with derivations proceeding via structural rules and elimination/introduction pairs. A proof with no undischarged assumptions yields a theorem, provable solely from the system's axioms, whereas derivations reliant on open assumptions establish conditional validity relative to those premises. This framework underpins metatheoretic results, such as soundness and completeness, by clarifying the scope of logical consequence: \Gamma \vdash \phi holds if every model satisfying \Gamma also satisfies \phi. Assumptions thus facilitate rigorous exploration of entailment while highlighting the boundaries of provability in formal systems.^[19]^[20]

Role in philosophical reasoning

Assumptions play a central role in philosophical reasoning by providing unstated or tacit premises that enable the construction and evaluation of arguments, often bridging explicit claims to their underlying logical structure. These elements, accepted provisionally or foundationally without full proof, facilitate deductive inferences, hypothetical explorations, and critiques of coherence, but their unexamined acceptance risks propagating fallacies or unfounded conclusions. In logical terms, an assumption differs from a stated premise by being implicitly granted to advance discourse, as seen in conditional proofs or reductio ad absurdum, where one temporarily adopts a proposition to demonstrate its contradiction with established truths. Gilbert Plumer distinguishes assumptions from presuppositions, noting that the former support argumentative progression while the latter are background conditions necessary for an utterance or inference to retain meaning, such as the presupposed existence of a speaker in solipsistic debates.^[21] René Descartes exemplified the critical examination of assumptions in his Meditations on First Philosophy (1641), employing systematic doubt to dismantle sensory and habitual assumptions—such as the reliability of perception or the continuity of external reality—revealing them as potential deceptions by a malicious demon. This methodical skepticism underscores assumptions' epistemic function: they form the scaffold of knowledge claims, yet must be tested against indubitability criteria to avoid circularity, culminating in the foundational assumption of self-awareness ("cogito ergo sum") as immune to doubt. Descartes' approach influenced foundationalism, where justified true beliefs rest on basic, non-inferential assumptions, contrasting with coherentism's reliance on interconnected assumptions without absolute foundations.^[22]^[23] In epistemology, assumptions delineate the boundaries of justified reasoning, presupposing distinctions between belief, truth, and evidence; for instance, rationalist traditions assume innate ideas or a priori truths, while empiricists prioritize experiential assumptions over speculative ones. This interplay manifests in debates over induction, where David Hume (1748) highlighted the problematic assumption of uniform causal patterns across unobserved instances, challenging the rational basis for predictive reasoning without empirical warrant. Philosophers thus employ assumption-analysis to detect biases, such as anthropocentric projections onto nature, ensuring arguments align with causal mechanisms rather than unverified intuitions.^[24]

Critical Evaluation of Assumptions

Fallacies and risks of unwarranted assumptions

Fallacies of unwarranted assumption arise when an argument presupposes premises that require independent justification, rendering the reasoning circular or insufficiently grounded. These include begging the question (petitio principii), where the conclusion is implicitly assumed in the premises, as in claiming "opium induces sleep because it has dormitive properties," which merely restates the effect without explanation.^[25] Another is the false dilemma, which assumes mutually exclusive options without evidence that alternatives are impossible, such as asserting "either support this policy or accept societal collapse," ignoring intermediate paths.^[25] Hasty generalization further exemplifies this by extrapolating from an unrepresentative sample, like concluding all swans are white based on European observations alone, overlooking black swans in Australia.^[26] The post hoc ergo propter hoc fallacy assumes causation solely from temporal sequence, as when crediting a policy for economic recovery merely because it preceded the upturn, disregarding confounding variables like global trends.^[27] Slippery slope arguments err by presuming an inevitable chain of unchecked consequences without demonstrating causal links, such as predicting total societal breakdown from minor regulatory changes.^[28] Loaded questions compound the issue by embedding unproven assumptions, like asking "when did you stop beating your spouse?" which presupposes guilt.^[28] These fallacies undermine validity because the argument's persuasiveness hinges on unexamined beliefs rather than evidence.^[29] Unwarranted assumptions pose risks by distorting decision-making processes, often leading to suboptimal outcomes in personal, professional, and policy contexts. In cognition, they foster jumping to conclusions, impairing clear situational assessment and elevating error rates in judgments, as heuristic shortcuts prioritize speed over accuracy but falter under uncertainty.^[30] For instance, flawed premises in risk assessment can amplify adverse consequences, as seen in organizational failures where undetected assumptions about market stability precipitated financial losses exceeding trillions during the 2008 crisis, rooted in overreliance on perpetual housing price appreciation.^[31] On an interpersonal level, such assumptions erode relationships by imputing motives without verification, fostering conflicts and isolation.^[32] Empirically, susceptibility to these fallacies correlates with lower scientific reasoning skills and closed-mindedness, heightening vulnerability to poor arguments in high-stakes scenarios like policy debates or scientific hypotheses.^[33] Historically, assumptions of short-duration conflict contributed to World War I's protracted devastation, with leaders presuming rapid victories based on outdated tactics, resulting in over 16 million deaths by 1918.^[34] In science, the phlogiston theory persisted for centuries due to untested assumptions about combustion, delaying oxygen's discovery until Lavoisier's experiments in the 1770s disproved it. These cases illustrate how unverified premises cascade into resource misallocation and preventable harms, underscoring the need for explicit assumption scrutiny to align reasoning with causal evidence.^[29]

Empirical and historical case studies

The phlogiston theory exemplifies an unwarranted assumption in early modern chemistry, where combustion was presumed to involve the release of an inflammable principle called phlogiston from substances, rather than combination with another element. Proposed by Johann Joachim Becher around 1667 and systematized by Georg Ernst Stahl in the early 18th century, this framework explained phenomena like rusting and calcination but predicted weight loss during burning, contradicting observations where residues often gained mass. Antoine Lavoisier's quantitative experiments from 1772 to 1777, measuring gases involved in combustion, demonstrated instead the role of oxygen absorption, leading to the theory's abandonment by the 1790s and the foundations of modern stoichiometry.^[35]^[36] The assumption's entrenchment, supported by qualitative analogies rather than precise measurement, delayed recognition of conservation of mass and elemental analysis for over a century.^[37] In physics, the luminiferous ether hypothesis assumed an immobile, pervasive medium necessary for electromagnetic wave propagation, analogous to air for sound. This 19th-century consensus, building on James Clerk Maxwell's equations (1860s), implied detectable Earth's motion through the ether as a "wind" affecting light speed. The Michelson-Morley interferometer experiment in 1887, designed to measure this effect to 1/100th the predicted velocity, yielded a null result within experimental error, undermining the assumption without immediate replacement theory.^[38] Subsequent repetitions and variants confirmed the absence of ether drag, contributing to Albert Einstein's 1905 special relativity, which posited light's constant speed in vacuum independent of source motion.^[38] The ether's persistence, rooted in mechanical wave analogies despite mounting anomalies like stellar aberration, illustrates how paradigm assumptions can resist empirical disconfirmation until alternative causal models emerge.^[39] A non-scientific historical case arises from strategic assumptions preceding the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, where U.S. military planners assumed Hawaii's naval base was beyond Japan's long-range striking capability due to limited carrier-based aviation range and logistical constraints. Intelligence reports of Japanese carrier movements were discounted under this prior belief, formalized in War Plan Orange (1920s-1930s), which prioritized Pacific defense via battleship-centric fleets invulnerable to air raids at anchor. The assault, involving six carriers launching over 350 aircraft from 230 miles offshore, sank or damaged 18 ships including eight battleships, killing 2,403 Americans, and propelled U.S. entry into World War II. Post-event analyses, including the 1946 Joint Congressional Committee, attributed the failure partly to "wishful thinking" overriding signals intelligence, highlighting risks of anchoring decisions on untested geopolitical and technological assumptions.

Applications to modern discourse and bias detection

In contemporary public discourse, scrutinizing assumptions enables the detection of biases by exposing implicit premises that distort evidence interpretation and argument validity. Quantitative bias analyses, for instance, require explicit specification of assumptions about confounding factors to adjust estimates and reveal potential distortions in causal inferences, as demonstrated in epidemiological studies where unexamined assumptions lead to overstated associations.^[40] Similarly, biased assimilation occurs when pre-existing assumptions cause individuals to reinterpret new evidence in ways that reinforce prior beliefs, a phenomenon observed in experiments where participants weighted confirming data more heavily regardless of quality.^[41] Media literacy frameworks apply this by prompting evaluation of unchallenged assumptions in reporting, such as stereotypes or presupposed narratives that frame events without empirical backing. For example, guidelines recommend assessing whether coverage assumes systemic oppression in disparities—overlooking alternative causal factors like cultural or behavioral differences—thus signaling ideological slant over neutral analysis.^[42] In political debates, hidden assumptions underpin fallacious reasoning; arguments deeming human cloning immoral often rely on the unstated equation of "unnatural" with "ethically wrong," evading data on safety and utility.^[43] Climate policy discussions frequently embed the assumption that observed changes are overwhelmingly anthropogenic and irreversible, sidelining evidence of historical natural cycles and model uncertainties.^[44] This method counters institutional biases, particularly in outlets and academia where empirical scrutiny of assumptions is uneven, as newer detection techniques quantify slant independently of ownership by mapping lexical divergences from neutral baselines.^[45] By mandating articulation and testing—such as revisiting premises amid evolving data—discourse participants mitigate post-truth distortions, prioritizing verifiable causation over entrenched priors.^[46]

Religious Interpretations

The Assumption of Mary in Christianity

The Assumption of Mary refers to the Catholic doctrine that the Virgin Mary, mother of Jesus, was taken up body and soul into heavenly glory at the end of her earthly life, without undergoing bodily corruption.^[47] This belief holds that Mary's unique role in salvation history—bearing the incarnate Word—entailed her exemption from the typical consequences of original sin, including decay after death.^[48] The doctrine emphasizes continuity with Christ's resurrection, portraying Mary's assumption as a participation in his victory over death, though it does not specify whether she experienced prior death or "dormition."^[47] Within Christianity, the Assumption is affirmed as infallible dogma by the Roman Catholic Church, binding on the faithful since its solemn definition in 1950, but it lacks explicit scriptural attestation.^[49] The New Testament records no details of Mary's death or departure, with her final appearance in Acts 1:14 at the apostles' gathering; proponents infer the event typologically from Old Testament precedents like Elijah's ascension (2 Kings 2:11) or the Ark of the Covenant's sanctity (Revelation 11:19–12:1), viewing Mary as the new Ark.^[50] Critics, including Protestant traditions, reject it as unbiblical extrapolation, arguing that assumptions of glory apply solely to Christ (John 3:13; Acts 2:34) and that tradition cannot override scripture's silence.^[49] Eastern Orthodox Christianity parallels this in the Feast of the Dormition, celebrated since the 5th century, which commemorates Mary's "falling asleep" followed by bodily translation to heaven, rooted in liturgical tradition rather than dogmatic definition.^[51] The doctrine's evidential foundation rests on early apocryphal accounts, such as the 4th–5th-century Transitus Mariae narratives, which describe apostles witnessing Mary's tomb empty and angels announcing her assumption, though these texts are non-canonical and historically unreliable.^[52] Patristic support emerges gradually: Epiphanius of Salamis (c. 377) noted uncertainty about Mary's end, while later figures like Gregory of Tours (6th century) referenced assumption traditions.^[48] By the 7th century, the feast was widespread in both East and West, evidencing longstanding piety, but empirical verification remains absent, with no archaeological or contemporary records confirming the event. In Oriental Orthodox churches, similar beliefs exist under varying names, underscoring Marian veneration's role in preserving doctrinal unity amid Christological debates.^[53] Overall, the Assumption functions as an eschatological sign, anticipating believers' resurrection, yet its acceptance divides Christianity along lines of sola scriptura versus sacred tradition.^[47]

Doctrinal history and papal proclamation

The belief in the Assumption of Mary, understood as her bodily assumption into heaven at the end of her earthly life, emerged in Christian tradition through liturgical practices rather than explicit scriptural attestation. The feast, known in the Eastern Church as the Dormition (falling asleep) of Mary, originated in Palestine by the fifth century, with evidence from the Council of Chalcedon in 451 where Bishop Juvenal of Jerusalem affirmed to papal delegates that Mary's tomb had been found empty, indicating her translation to heaven.^[53] By the seventh century, the celebration had spread to Rome, initially as a commemoration of Mary's passage, and was formalized under Pope Sergius I (687–701), who instituted processions for the feast on August 15.^[53] In the eighth century, Pope Adrian I renamed it the Assumption, emphasizing the bodily aspect, reflecting growing theological consensus on her incorruption and exaltation, as articulated in Eastern liturgical texts and homilies.^[53] ^[47] Theological elaboration developed among Church Fathers and Doctors, particularly in the East. St. Epiphanius of Salamis (d. 403) alluded to Mary's end without specifying death or assumption, while later figures like St. Germanus of Constantinople (d. 733) and St. John Damascene (d. 749) explicitly defended the doctrine, arguing that her divine motherhood and sinlessness precluded bodily corruption, with Damascene stating that "the holy body which had been the dwelling-place of God would not remain under the dominion of death."^[47] In the West, medieval scholastics such as St. Albert the Great and St. Bonaventure affirmed it as fitting (conveniens), though St. Thomas Aquinas expressed reservations about the timing relative to her death. This tradition, evidenced by the absence of Marian relics in early Christianity and consistent liturgical veneration across East and West, formed the basis for later dogmatic consideration, without direct patristic unanimity from the first centuries.^[47] By the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, petitions from the faithful, clergy, and Marian congresses urged formal definition, paralleling the 1854 Immaculate Conception dogma. Pope Pius XII, responding to this sensus fidelium, issued a worldwide consultation to bishops on May 1, 1946, receiving responses from over 1,000 ordinaries, with near-unanimous affirmation of the belief as divinely revealed and opportune for definition.^[47] On November 1, 1950, in the apostolic constitution Munificentissimus Deus, Pius XII solemnly defined the dogma ex cathedra, proclaiming: "The Immaculate Mother of God, the ever Virgin Mary, having completed the course of her earthly life, was assumed body and soul into heavenly glory," binding it upon all Catholics as a truth of faith revealed by God.^[47] The document grounded this in apostolic tradition, liturgical witness, and theological reasoning from Mary's role in salvation, while noting the doctrine's support in the ordinary magisterium rather than new revelation.^[47]

Theological debates and evidential analysis

The dogma of the Assumption, as defined in Pope Pius XII's apostolic constitution Munificentissimus Deus on November 1, 1950, asserts that the Immaculate Virgin Mary, having completed her earthly life, was assumed body and soul into heavenly glory, though the document leaves open whether she died beforehand.^[47] The evidential foundation cited therein relies primarily on ecclesiastical tradition, including ancient liturgical feasts of Mary's Dormition or Passing (dating to at least the 5th century in the East), the absence of venerated bodily relics or a tomb tradition for Mary (unlike other saints), and patristic speculations such as Epiphanius of Salamis (c. 377 AD) positing that Mary either died and was assumed like others or was preserved from death altogether.^[54] Scriptural support is typological rather than explicit, drawing parallels to figures like Enoch (Genesis 5:24) and Elijah (2 Kings 2:11) who were taken bodily to heaven, and interpreting Revelation 12's woman clothed with the sun—identified by some as Mary—as evoking her assumption, akin to the Ark of the Covenant's heavenly appearance in Revelation 11:19.^[55] Theological proponents, particularly within Roman Catholicism, argue the doctrine coheres with Mary's sinlessness (Immaculate Conception, 1854) and divine motherhood, positing that her body, untainted by original sin, could not undergo corruption (Psalm 16:10 applied analogically), thus necessitating assumption to affirm Christ's victory over death for her as the New Eve.^[48] This view emphasizes sensus fidelium—the longstanding belief among the faithful evidenced by widespread Marian shrines and homilies from the 6th century onward—and claims corroboration from apocryphal narratives like the 5th-6th century Transitus Mariae texts, which describe apostles witnessing her body's translation amid miracles.^[56] Eastern Orthodox traditions of the Dormition similarly affirm a glorified end for Mary, often including bodily assumption, rooted in Byzantine liturgical texts from the 7th century, though without dogmatic definition, viewing it as pious belief rather than infallible teaching.^[57] Critics, including Protestant theologians, contend the Assumption lacks any direct biblical attestation, with Mary's final New Testament appearance in Acts 1:14 offering no indication of her fate, rendering it an extrabiblical tradition incompatible with sola scriptura.^[58] Historical analysis reveals no contemporary 1st-century records or early patristic consensus; figures like Irenaeus (c. 180 AD) and Augustine (d. 430 AD) affirm Mary's sanctity but omit assumption, while Epiphanius explicitly notes uncertainty and conflicting local traditions (e.g., death without assumption or assumption without death).^[59] The doctrine's late formalization—absent from ecumenical councils like Ephesus (431 AD) or Chalcedon (451 AD)—and reliance on non-canonical, legendary sources invite skepticism, as does the empty-tomb argument, which could stem from relocation of remains or fabricated claims rather than supernatural event, with competing sites in Jerusalem and Ephesus lacking archaeological corroboration for assumption.^[60] Catholic apologetics counter that absence of early explicit denial and gradual doctrinal development (e.g., via medieval scholasticism) suffice, but detractors highlight institutional incentives for Marian elevation post-Schism, noting biases in confessional sources where Catholic texts prioritize tradition over empirical historicity.^[61] Evidentially, the claim rests on inferential reasoning from theological premises rather than verifiable historical or empirical data, such as eyewitness accounts or physical traces, paralleling other pious legends like the apostles' gathering at her deathbed, which emerge only in post-apostolic forgeries.^[62] Debates persist in ecumenical contexts, with some Anglicans and Lutherans acknowledging a "holy ending" for Mary but rejecting bodily assumption as non-essential, underscoring divisions over authority: papal infallibility versus scriptural sufficiency.^[59] Ultimately, acceptance hinges on one's view of magisterial tradition's probative weight against the silence of primary sources.

Geographical and Toponymic Uses

Locations in the United States

Assumption Parish, Louisiana, is a civil parish in the southeastern part of the state, functioning as the equivalent of a county in other U.S. jurisdictions. Established on March 31, 1807, it spans approximately 339 square miles and had a population of 21,039 according to the 2020 United States Census.^[63] The parish seat is Napoleonville, and its economy centers on agriculture, particularly sugar cane production, which accounts for a significant portion of output relative to its land area.^[64] Named for the historic Assumption Roman Catholic Church established in the area, it lies within the Acadiana cultural region, approximately 30 miles south of Baton Rouge and 60 miles west of New Orleans. Assumption is a city in Christian County, central Illinois. Incorporated as a city, it recorded a population of 1,155 in the 2020 United States Census. Originally known as Tacusah, the settlement developed along a mid-19th-century stagecoach route connecting Springfield to Terre Haute, Indiana, with a stop at the Halfway House inn; it was renamed Assumption around that period, likely in reference to Assumption Parish, Louisiana.^[65] Smaller or unincorporated locales bearing the name include Assumption, an unincorporated community straddling Carver and Sibley Counties in Minnesota, situated about eight miles east-northeast of Green Isle.^[66] Additionally, minor hamlets named Assumption exist in Adams County, Nebraska, and Fulton County, Ohio, though these are sparsely populated and lack significant municipal infrastructure.^[67]

Locations elsewhere

Assumption Island is a small coral island located in the Outer Islands of Seychelles, approximately 1,140 km southwest of Mahé, the principal island.^[68] The island, part of the Aldabra Group and measuring about 11 square kilometers, serves as a gateway to the nearby Aldabra Atoll, a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its pristine ecosystems.^[69] Discovered by French explorers in the mid-18th century, it features limited human habitation and supports unique flora and fauna, including seabird populations.^[70] In recent years, Assumption Island has drawn attention due to a Qatari-backed development project for 37 luxury villas, with construction commencing in early 2025 despite environmental opposition from conservation groups concerned about impacts to the adjacent atoll's biodiversity.^[69] The project's future became uncertain following the September 2025 Seychelles presidential election, as president-elect Patrick Herminie pledged to halt further development to prioritize ecological preservation.^[71] This controversy highlights tensions between tourism ambitions and conservation in remote island territories.^[68]

Arts, Entertainment, and Media

Literary works

Assumption is a 2011 novel by American author Percival Everett, published by Graywolf Press, comprising three novellas linked by the protagonist Ogden Walker, a deputy sheriff in a rural New Mexico town.^[72] In the first, Walker investigates the murder of an elderly woman at a remote crime scene where his footprints are inexplicably the only ones present, leading to a hallucinatory pursuit; the second involves a botched bank robbery and questions of racial identity; the third examines a kidnapping tied to broader existential uncertainties.^[73] Everett employs the mystery genre to probe assumptions about reality, perception, and self, with Walker—a former military police officer—grappling with blurred lines between fact and fabrication.^[74] The novel received critical attention for its philosophical undertones and subversion of thriller conventions, with reviewers noting its exploration of how presuppositions shape narrative and truth.^[75] Kirkus Reviews praised its intellectual depth amid sparse prose, while The New York Times highlighted its thematic pursuit of identity beyond plot twists.^[76] Sales and reader reception, as tracked on platforms like Goodreads, reflect a polarized response, with an average rating of 3.7 from over 1,700 reviews, often citing its enigmatic structure as both innovative and disorienting.^[77] Other literary works bearing the title include The Assumption of Death (2022) by Anthony David Vernon, a hybrid collection blending poetry, short stories, and philosophical essays published by Alien Buddha Press, focusing on themes of mortality and transcendence.^[78] In speculative poetry, The Assumption by William O. Dietrich (2011) structures three poetic sequences around motifs of elevation and otherworldliness, though it remains niche within genre circles.^[79] These lesser-known titles underscore the term's occasional use in exploring presumptive leaps in narrative or metaphysical contexts, but lack the broader acclaim of Everett's contribution.

Film, television, and other media

In film, the term "Assumption" has appeared in several short productions. The 2017 American horror science-fiction short Assumption, directed by Anthony Leone, follows a man who awakens from a concussion to find himself confined in an unfamiliar room with a mysterious woman; it stars Cortney Palm and Brian Patrick Butler and runs approximately 15 minutes.^[80] ^[81] A 2021 short titled The Assumption, directed by NaTasha McKenzie, depicts a woman's psychological turmoil amid a deteriorating marriage, emphasizing internal conflicts and relational strain; it features Rufus Baker Jr. and Syreeda Battle.^[82] ^[83] Another 2021 short The Assumption explores themes of bias and perception, portraying a young girl confronted by stereotypical images of diverse individuals, leading to a reckoning with her preconceptions.^[84] The 1993 animated short The Assumption, directed by May Trubuhovich, serves as a homage to unexpected lesbian icons through vignettes involving figures like Eve, the Virgin Mary, Venus, and Mona Lisa, blending mythological and artistic elements in a 10-minute format.^[85] ^[86] Depictions of the religious Assumption of Mary appear in select narrative films. The 2015 drama Full of Grace, written and directed by Andrew Hyatt, centers on Mary's final decade after Pentecost, culminating in her Assumption; it stars Bahia Haifi as Mary and portrays her interactions with apostles and a young servant, emphasizing solitude and divine preparation.^[87] ^[88] A 1992 Soviet short Assumption of the Virgin reconstructs the biblical event in a 18-minute format, drawing from traditional iconography.^[89] No major television series or episodes titled Assumption have achieved widespread recognition, though the concept features in documentaries on Marian theology, such as segments in EWTN productions examining the Assumption's scriptural and apocryphal bases.^[90] In other media, assumptions as logical premises occasionally underpin plot devices in sci-fi narratives, but no standalone works dominate this niche.^[91]

Religious Institutions

Churches and cathedrals

Numerous Catholic cathedrals and churches worldwide bear dedications to the Assumption of Mary, honoring the dogma proclaimed in 1950 by Pope Pius XII, which affirms her bodily ascent into heaven at the end of her earthly life. These edifices, often episcopal seats, embody diverse architectural traditions from neoclassical to Gothic Revival, and frequently host annual feasts on August 15. Their prevalence reflects the Assumption's centrality in Marian devotion, particularly in regions with strong Catholic heritage.^[92] The Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Baltimore, Maryland, constructed from 1806 to 1821 under the designs of Benjamin Henry Latrobe, stands as the first Roman Catholic cathedral erected in the United States, serving the Archdiocese of Baltimore until 1789 when it became the nation's inaugural episcopal see. Its neoclassical dome and portico, inspired by the Pantheon in Rome, symbolize early American Catholic aspirations amid religious tolerance post-independence. Designated a National Historic Landmark in 1973, it underwent restoration in the 2000s to preserve its original features.^[93]^[94] In Louisville, Kentucky, the Cathedral of the Assumption, completed in 1852 after designs by William Keeley, ranks as the third oldest Catholic cathedral in continuous use in the U.S. and the fourth oldest public building in the city. This Gothic Revival structure, with its 287-foot spire added in 1895, anchors the Archdiocese of Louisville and features intricate stained glass windows depicting biblical scenes. It has hosted papal visits, including by Pope John Paul II in 1987, underscoring its role in American ecclesiastical history.^[95]^[96] The Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption in Covington, Kentucky, dedicated in 1855 and elevated to minor basilica status by Pope Pius XII in 1953, functions as the mother church of the Diocese of Covington. Its Romanesque Revival architecture, including twin towers and a mosaic-tiled dome, draws from European precedents, with interior murals completed in the early 20th century by local artists. The basilica accommodates over 1,000 worshippers and preserves relics tied to Marian veneration.^[97] Europe hosts ancient examples, such as the Cathedral of the Assumption in Chur, Switzerland, originating in the 12th century with Baroque alterations in the 18th, serving as the seat of the Diocese of Chur since the 5th century. This structure, blending Romanesque and Gothic elements, houses medieval frescoes and artifacts affirming its long-standing Marian dedication. In Asia, the Assumption Cathedral in Bangkok, Thailand, built in 1910 by French missionaries, acts as the principal Catholic church in the country, reflecting colonial-era Gothic influences amid a Buddhist-majority context.^[98]^[99]

Educational Institutions

Institutions in Australia

Assumption College in Kilmore, Victoria, is a Catholic co-educational secondary school serving Years 7 to 12 as both a day and boarding institution in the Marist tradition.^[100] Established in the town of Kilmore, it enrolls approximately 1,200 students from the local area and surrounding regions.^[101] The school emphasizes holistic development, including faith formation aligned with Catholic teachings on the Assumption of Mary, alongside academic and extracurricular programs.^[102] Its boarding facilities support rural students, with a focus on fostering resilience and community.^[103] Assumption College in Warwick, Queensland, operates as an independent Roman Catholic co-educational secondary school with historical roots tracing to the 1870s.^[104] Located on the Southern Downs, it provides education from Years 7 to 12, integrating Catholic doctrine, including veneration of the Assumption, into its curriculum and pastoral care.^[105] The institution maintains a distinct Catholic identity, promoting spiritual growth alongside standard secondary schooling.^[106] The Assumption Catholic Primary School in Bathurst, New South Wales, serves as a foundational educational provider for younger students in a Gospel-inspired environment.^[107] It focuses on nurturing faith development tied to the Assumption feast while delivering core primary curriculum.^[108] In Mandurah, Western Australia, Assumption Catholic Primary School caters to around 450 students from Pre-Kindy to Year 6 in a double-stream co-educational setting.^[109] The school prioritizes a supportive atmosphere for faith integration, reflecting Catholic traditions centered on the Assumption of Mary, combined with developmental learning objectives.^[109] These institutions, predominantly Catholic, derive their naming from the doctrinal Assumption of the Virgin Mary into heaven, a core tenet in Marian devotion observed on August 15. They operate under diocesan oversight, ensuring alignment with ecclesiastical standards amid Australia's secular educational landscape, where religious schools receive government funding conditional on meeting national benchmarks.^[100]^[104]

Institutions in Canada

Assumption University, located in Windsor, Ontario, is a Roman Catholic institution federated with the University of Windsor, specializing in theological and Catholic studies programs.^[110] Founded as Assumption College on February 10, 1857, by Rev. Pierre Point S.J., it initially enrolled 26 boarders and 60 day students, drawing on earlier Jesuit land grants from 1728 and the establishment of the local parish in 1767.^[111] Incorporated by an Act of Parliament of Upper Canada in 1858, the college came under the control of the Basilian Fathers in 1870, emphasizing their tradition of goodness, discipline, and knowledge.^[111] Key developments include its affiliation with Western University in 1919 for curriculum expansion, becoming co-educational in 1934 through partnership with Holy Names College, and achieving university status in 1953, followed by renaming to Assumption University of Windsor in 1956.^[111] In 1962, it federated with the University of Windsor, integrating facilities while retaining autonomy in select programs such as the Graduate Diploma in Catholic Studies and theology degrees.^[111] As of 2024, it continues academic revitalization efforts, including new courses and its 56th convocation held on June 29.^[111] Assumption College Catholic High School, also in Windsor, Ontario, operates as a publicly funded Catholic secondary school under the Windsor-Essex Catholic District School Board, serving grades 7-12 at 1100 Huron Church Road.^[112] Originally established as a private preparatory school affiliated with Assumption College (now University), it transitioned to public Catholic education, focusing on faith-based academics and extracurriculars.^[112] In Brantford, Ontario, Assumption College School functions as a Catholic secondary institution under the Brant Haldimand Norfolk Catholic District School Board, located at 257 Shellard Lane and serving grades 9-12.^[113] Opened in September 1992 with under 600 students, it expanded rapidly to over 1,600 by 2000 due to regional growth, incorporating programs like Specialist High Skills Major in Health Care and student clubs emphasizing Christian values.^[114] Its name reflects ties to Assumption Catholic traditions, evolving from earlier local Catholic high school initiatives dating to 1941.^[114]

Institutions in India

Assumption College in Changanassery, Kerala, is an autonomous women's institution offering undergraduate and postgraduate programs in arts, science, and commerce, established on July 31, 1950, by the Archdiocese of Changanassery to mark the proclamation of the Dogma of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary into heaven.^[115] Affiliated with Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, it functions as a Christian minority college with a focus on holistic education rooted in Catholic values, serving over 2,000 students as of recent enrollment data.^[115] The college has received NAAC accreditation with an A grade and ranked in the 201-300 band in the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) colleges category for 2024, reflecting its emphasis on academic excellence, research, and infrastructure including laboratories, libraries, and hostels.^[116]^[117] Assumption College of Nursing, located in Sulthan Bathery, Wayanad district, Kerala, provides nursing education programs such as B.Sc. Nursing, established under the management of the Congregation of the Sisters of Charity to train healthcare professionals with a commitment to service-oriented care.^[118] Affiliated with Kerala University of Health Sciences, it emphasizes clinical training and ethical practices, with facilities including simulation labs and hospital partnerships for practical exposure.^[118] Assumption Convent School in Abohar, Punjab, operates as a co-educational Catholic institution from nursery to class XII, administered by the Catholic Diocese of Jalandhar since its founding, delivering CBSE curriculum with integration of moral and value-based education.^[119] The school accommodates around 1,500 students and features modern amenities like smart classrooms and sports facilities to foster academic and extracurricular development.^[119]

Institutions in Japan

The Seibo Hishōten Gakuin (聖母被昇天学院) school corporation operates the primary Assumption-named educational institutions in Japan, located in Minoh, Osaka Prefecture. Founded in 1953 following the arrival of five sisters from the Assumption religious order in 1952, the corporation received official approval as a school entity in 1954 and opened its elementary school that year.^[120]^[121] The order itself traces its origins to 1839 in Paris, established by Saint Marie-Eugénie de Jésus to promote Christian education.^[120] The corporation encompasses a certified kindergarten, Assumption International Elementary School, Assumption International Junior High School, and Assumption International Senior High School, forming a continuous K-12 system focused on Catholic values and international curricula.^[122] These schools adopted co-educational international programs in recent decades, emphasizing bilingual education, global citizenship, and the order's principles of sincerity, neighborly love, and joy as their motto.^[123] The junior and senior high division, known as Assumption Kokusai Junior & Senior High School (アサンプション国際中学校高等学校), prioritizes holistic development, including English immersion and preparation for university entrance in Japan and abroad. Historically, the corporation also ran the Assumption Junior College (聖母被昇天学院女子短期大学), a women's junior college established in 1967 offering programs in liberal arts and home economics, which integrated with the broader educational mission before closing in 2005.^[120] The institutions maintain ties to the global Assumption network across 33 countries, supporting exchange programs and aligning with the order's goal of fostering peace through education.^[122] In 2024, the corporation marked its 70th anniversary with commemorative events highlighting its enduring commitment to faith-based, internationally oriented schooling.^[121]

Institutions in the Philippines

Assumption College San Lorenzo in Makati City is a private Catholic institution exclusively for girls, administered by the Religious of the Assumption and offering programs from preschool through senior high school and collegiate levels in fields such as business administration and liberal arts.^[124] It traces its origins to the expansion of Assumption educational efforts in the Philippines, opening its San Lorenzo campus in June 1958 with 180 students in preparatory and elementary grades.^[125] Assumption Iloilo, situated at 18 General Luna Street in Iloilo City, operates as a co-educational private Catholic school under the Religious of the Assumption, emphasizing character formation through the charism of St. Marie Eugénie of Jésus and delivering preschool, grade school, and high school curricula.^[126] Founded on July 15, 1910, as a boarding school for upper-class children with an initial enrollment of 20 pupils, it has sustained a focus on holistic development rooted in Catholic values over more than a century.^[127] Assumption College of Davao, located in Davao City and managed by the Missionaries of the Assumption, functions as a private Catholic non-profit institution providing elementary, secondary, and tertiary education, including degrees in business administration and social work, with accreditation from the Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools, Colleges, and Universities (PAASCU).^[128] Established in 1958 on a site initially described as swampy and desolate in Agdao, it prioritizes transformative education oriented toward social conscience and nationalistic principles.^[129] These institutions collectively reflect the influence of Assumptionist religious congregations in Philippine education, promoting faith-integrated learning amid a landscape dominated by Catholic schooling, though they represent a modest fraction of the country's over 1,000 higher education providers as of 2023.^[128]

Institutions in Singapore

Assumption English School is a co-educational government-aided Catholic secondary school in Bukit Panjang, Singapore, offering education from Secondary 1 to 4 or 5 under the Ministry of Education curriculum.^[130] Founded in 1953 by Brother Vincent of the Montfort Brothers of St. Gabriel as part of Boys' Town English School, it transitioned to co-educational status in 1973 and phased out its primary section in 1992.^[131] The school, located at 622 Upper Bukit Timah Road, serves approximately 1,200 students and emphasizes holistic development through academic, character, and values-based programs rooted in Catholic teachings.^[132] As one of seven Gabrielite institutions in Singapore, it remains the sole co-educational Catholic secondary school in the western region.^[133] Assumption Pathway School operates as a specialized Catholic institution focused on vocational pathways for students aged 13 to 16 who cannot access or complete mainstream secondary education, providing customized support for academic and life skills.^[134] Established to empower at-risk youth, it delivers Institute of Technical Education-accredited programs in areas such as hospitality, retail, and digital skills, with enrollment around 200 students at its Cashew Road campus.^[135] Opened in 2008 under the Catholic Church's auspices, the school integrates spiritual formation with practical training, achieving outcomes like 90% progression to further education or employment for graduates as of recent cohorts.^[136] It partners with organizations for certifications, including ICDL digital literacy modules introduced in 2023.^[137]

Institutions in Thailand

Assumption College, a Roman Catholic all-boys secondary school in Bangkok, was established in 1877 by French missionary Father Émile August Colombet to address educational deficiencies among local youth.^[138] The institution, initially affiliated with the Assumption Church, operates from a campus spanning 8 rai at 164 Soi Sathorn 11, Sathorn Tai Road, and provides instruction from Matthayom 1 to 6 levels, emphasizing moral and academic development under the Brothers of St. Gabriel.^[138] In 2002, it introduced an English Program integrating Thai curriculum with international standards to enhance bilingual proficiency.^[139] Assumption University, a private Catholic higher education institution in Bangkok administered by the Brothers of St. Gabriel, traces its origins to the Assumption Commercial College founded in 1969 as an autonomous business school.^[140] It expanded to university status in 1990, offering undergraduate and graduate programs across faculties including business, arts, engineering, and sciences, with a focus on international curricula and English-medium instruction.^[140] The university maintains two main campuses: the Huamark campus for certain programs and the larger Suvarnabhumi campus in Bangna, relocated in 2001 to accommodate growth.^[141] Enrollment exceeds 20,000 students annually, drawing a diverse body including significant international cohorts.^[142] Assumption College Lampang Campus, a K-12 extension of the Assumption network in northern Thailand, admits students from kindergarten through secondary levels with highly competitive entry, particularly for primary grades, and upholds the Catholic educational ethos of the founding institutions.^[143] These entities collectively represent the legacy of French Catholic missionary efforts in Thailand, prioritizing holistic formation amid the country's predominantly Buddhist context.

Institutions in the United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, educational institutions associated with the Assumption of Mary primarily consist of Catholic primary schools and one prominent grammar school in Northern Ireland, alongside defunct higher education establishments linked to religious orders dedicated to the Assumption. These institutions emphasize Catholic formation, with curricula integrating religious education focused on doctrines including the Assumption.^[144] Assumption Grammar School, located at 22-24 Belfast Road in Ballynahinch, County Down, Northern Ireland, operates as a voluntary grammar school for girls aged 11 to 18.^[145] Founded as a Catholic institution, it enrolls over 900 pupils from South Down, Belfast, and surrounding areas, providing academic and pastoral education under diocesan oversight.^[146] The school's religious program aims to foster knowledge of Catholic faith, including Marian doctrines, through dedicated religious education.^[144] Several primary schools bear the name Our Lady of the Assumption, reflecting dedication to the Assumption feast and doctrine. Our Lady of the Assumption Catholic Primary School in Tile Hill, Coventry, West Midlands, serves children aged 3 to 11 as a voluntary aided school, emphasizing faith-based moral development and sacramental preparation.^[147] Similarly, Our Lady of the Assumption Primary School in Liverpool, Merseyside, at Hedgefield Road, provides Catholic primary education for young pupils, incorporating Assumption-related liturgical observances.^[148] Another such school operates in Thames Ditton, Surrey, prioritizing holistic growth rooted in Catholic teachings on Mary.^[149] Historically, the Religious of the Assumption sisters established teacher training and boarding schools in England starting in the mid-19th century. Maria Assumpta Teacher Training College in Kensington, London, opened in 1946 to prepare Catholic educators, primarily women, and closed in 1978 amid shifting government policies on teacher education; its site now hosts the Maria Assumpta Educational and Pastoral Centre.^[150] Earlier foundations included boarding schools in Richmond (1850, closed 1994) and other sites like Ramsgate and Sidmouth, which followed a model of broad curricula with religious emphasis but have since shuttered.^[150] The Augustinians of the Assumption (Assumptionists) also contributed to education, managing St Michael's College, which transitioned to Stevenage under new patronage, though direct Assumption ties diminished.^[151]

Institutions in the United States

Assumption University is a private Catholic liberal arts university in Worcester, Massachusetts, founded on September 25, 1904, by the Augustinians of the Assumption, a religious congregation established in 1845 by Emmanuel d'Alzon to promote Catholic education and evangelization.^[152] The institution, originally named Assumption College, transitioned to university status in 2020 to reflect its expanded graduate offerings while maintaining its roots in the Assumptionist tradition, which draws inspiration from the dogma of the Assumption of Mary into heaven, proclaimed by Pope Pius XII in 1950.^[153] Sponsored directly by the Augustinians of the Assumption, the university integrates faith and reason in its curriculum, emphasizing the education of the whole person through liberal arts, critical thinking, and service.^[152] As of fall 2023, Assumption University enrolled 2,046 students, including 1,688 undergraduates and 358 graduate students, with a first-year class of 570 for the Class of 2029 reported in October 2025, marking the largest incoming cohort since 2020 and indicating enrollment growth amid national declines at similar institutions.^[154]^[155] The university organizes its programs into five schools: D'Amour College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Grenon School of Business, Lavigne School of Communication, Education, and the Arts, and others focused on rehabilitation sciences and graduate studies, offering 37 undergraduate majors, 50 minors, and advanced degrees such as the M.A. in Applied Clinical Psychology.^[156] Undergraduate tuition for the 2025-2026 academic year stands at approximately $49,414 before financial aid, with the institution ranking #50 in U.S. News & World Report's Regional Universities North for 2026 and noted for value in Catholic higher education.^[157]^[158] Assumption College for Sisters (ACS), located in Denville, New Jersey, is a small, two-year Catholic women's college founded in 1953 by the Sisters of Christian Charity to prepare candidates for religious life through theological and liberal arts education.^[159] Initially affiliated with Seton Hall University and operating from the Mallinckrodt Convent in Mendham, it gained independence in 1961 and relocated to its current 112-acre campus in 2015, awarding Associate of Arts and Associate of Religious degrees alongside certificates in areas like catechetics and theology.^[159]^[160] With historical enrollment as low as 30 students in the early 2000s, ACS serves a niche role in forming servant leaders for conventual life, rooted in the charism of its sponsoring order, which emphasizes education and charity but lacks direct ties to the Augustinians of the Assumption.^[161] The college's mission aligns with the Assumption's Marian devotion, fostering vocations amid a broader decline in U.S. women religious, though specific current enrollment figures remain limited in public data.^[162]

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something that you accept as true without question or proof: People tend to make assumptions about you when you have a disability.
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Finally it is our hope that belief in Mary's bodily Assumption into heaven will make our belief in our own resurrection stronger and render it more effective.
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Assumption Parish
Established on March 31, 1807, Assumption Parish is one of Louisiana's original 19 civil parishes, covering approximately 339 square miles.
[64]
Assumption Parish - LSU AgCenter
It is an irregular-shaped parish and is located about 30 miles south from Baton Rouge and 60 miles west of New Orleans. Major industries include: sugar, ...
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About Us | City of Assumption, Illinois
What is now called Assumption was once called Tacusah. Around 1840-50, a stagecoach road from Springfield to Terre Haute stopped at the Halfway House.Missing: United | Show results with:United
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Assumption - Places Named
(Assum) Previous || Next (Assumption_island) --> Assumption. Assumption, Illinois, United States [City]; population was 1,244 in 1990; housing units was 579 ...
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Why a tiny island's fate could decide Seychelles' next president - BBC
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Assumption - Graywolf Press
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Dec 9, 2011 · Percival Everett toys with the murder-mystery genre while pursuing larger themes of identity and truth.
[75]
[Reviewlet] Assumption, by Percival Everett - Fiction Writers Review
Jan 13, 2012 · Percival Everett's Assumption (Graywolf, 2011) is a collection of three mystery novellas centering on Deputy Ogden Walker, an ex-military police officer of ...
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https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/percival-everett/assumption/
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Assumption by Percival Everett - Goodreads
Rating 3.7 (1,776) Oct 25, 2011 · A baffling triptych of murder mysteries by the author of I Am Not Sidney Poitier. Ogden Walker, deputy sheriff of a small New Mexico town, is on the trail of ...
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The Assumption of Death: Vernon, Anthony David, Buddha, Alien
30-day returnsHis premiere book is The Assumption of Death (Alien Buddha Press) a hybrid work of poetry, short stories, and philosophical musings. His second book is ...
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Speculative Poetry Book Reviews: 2011
The Assumption, like many of Dietrich's poetry books, is not a collection of loosely connected or unconnected poems. It contains essentially three works. A poem ...Missing: novels | Show results with:novels
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Assumption (Short 2017) - IMDb
Rating 6.4/10 (21) Assumption: Directed by Anthony Leone. With Cortney Palm, Brian Patrick Butler, Kylie Young. A man wakes from a concussion to find himself trapped in a ...
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Assumption (2017) | Horror Film Wiki - Fandom
Assumption is a 2017 American horror sci-fi short film starring Cortney Palm, Brian Patrick Butler and directed by Anthony Leone.
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The Assumption (Short 2021) - IMDb
The Assumption ... The pressures of keeping it together while her marriage is falling apart begins to weigh heavily on a woman as she battles her thought- ...
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Watch The Assumption (2021) Full Movie Free Online - Plex
Rating 6/10 (1) Watch The Assumption (2021) free starring Rufus Baker Jr., Syreeda Battle, Tamara BooGotti and directed by NaTasha McKenzie.
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The Assumption Movie - Facebook
The Assumption Movie. A young girl is bombarded with stereotypical images of a diverse group of people and eventually comes face to face with her bias.
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The Assumption (1993) directed by May Trubuhovich - Letterboxd
The Assumption ... Synopsis. An animated homage to some surprising lesbian icons. Eve embarks on a journey beyond the garden gates; the Virgin, Venus and Mona ...
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The Assumption (1993) — The Movie Database (TMDB)
We don't have enough data to suggest any movies based on The Assumption. You can help by rating movies you've seen.<|control11|><|separator|>
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There's something about Mary: Four Marian movie meditations
Oct 26, 2022 · The 2015 film “Full of Grace” is a moving and meditative movie on Our Lady's final years before her assumption into heaven.
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Mary in the Movies: A Review of "Full of Grace" - McGrath Institute Blog
May 17, 2016 · The film, written and directed by Andrew Hyatt, is unique in that it portrays an aging Mary, one decade after Pentecost leading up to her Assumption.
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Movie Assumption of the Virgin. (1992) - Net-film
Assumption of the Virgin (1992). Movie №9977, 2 parts, Duration: 0:18:44.
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The Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary into Heaven - The Movie
Sep 4, 2015 · Comments · The Assumption - 4th Glorious Mystery · HOW DID THE VIRGIN MARY DIE? · The True Face of the Virgin Mary | EWTN Vaticano · The Assumption ...<|separator|>
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Any movie , series where manifestation or law of assumption is shown.
Sep 11, 2025 · hii everyone, I was thinking about law of assumption and it got me curious, are there any movies/series where it is shown, or like any scene ...<|separator|>
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Munificentissimus Deus (November 1, 1950)
### Summary of Doctrinal History of the Assumption from *Munificentissimus Deus*
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History & Architecture - Basilica of the Assumption - Baltimore, MD
Watch the videos below to learn more: The Architecture of the Baltimore Basilica. Your browser can't play this video. Learn more. A Short History of the ...
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Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed ...
The construction of the Basilica occurred in two campaigns: 1806 to 1810 and 1817 to 1821. It was then the only Roman Catholic cathedral in the United ...
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Cathedral of the Assumption - Archdiocese of Louisville
Oct 15, 2025 · The Cathedral of the Assumption retains its identity as a vital, truly Catholic community of faith; its daily life one of faith, hope, charity and justice.
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Explore | Cathedral of the Assumption - Kentucky Tourism
Completed in 1852, it is the fourth oldest public building in the city of Louisville as well as the third oldest Catholic Cathedral in the United States in ...
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History - Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption |
The Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption is one of 85 minor basilicas in the United States. Pope Pius XII elevated St. Mary's Cathedral to the rank of minor ...
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Cathedral of the Assumption - Chur Tourismus
The cathedral of Chur is located at the episcopal court above the old town. It is dedicated to the assumption of the Virgin Mary and is one of the most ...
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Home - Assumption Cathedral
Assumption Cathedral parish is an active and alive parish within the Archdiocese of Bangkok. Part of its weekly schedule and life is the Sunday 10am mass.
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Welcome to Assumption College
Assumption College is a Catholic, Year 7 to 12 co-educational day and boarding school in the Marist tradition in Kilmore, Victoria.
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Assumption College - Melbourne Archdiocese Catholic Schools
Assumption College is a Catholic coeducational day and boarding secondary school. Our 1200 students comprise adolescents from Kilmore and the surrounding towns.
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Our Marist Story - Assumption College
Assumption College is a place where students can reach their full potential in all aspects of human development – and grow in the faith and knowledge of Jesus ...
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Assumption College - Australian Schools Directory
Welcome. At Assumption College we continually strive to build a culture of excellence supporting our students to achieve success in all their endeavours.
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Assumption College Warwick: Home
Welcome to Assumption College, Warwick. As a vibrant and distinctively Catholic learning community, it can trace its origins as far back as the 1870s.
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Assumption College Warwick - Facebook
Assumption College is a Catholic co-educational secondary College located on the Southern Downs.
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Assumption College (Warwick) | Department of Education
6 Locke Street Warwick 4370 Postal address PO Box 347 Warwick 4370 Telephone (07) 4660 4000 Location Show near by State schools Non-State schools within 5 10 ...
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The Assumption Catholic Primary School Bathurst: Home
At Assumption, we aim to provide a nurturing and supportive learning environment for every student, fostering our children's faith within a Gospel-inspired ...
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The Assumption Primary School - Private Schools Directory
The Assumption Primary School is a New South Wales Primary school. This school is located in Bathurst, New South Wales. This Bathurst school is Catholic, Coed ...
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Assumption Catholic Primary School MANDURAH 6210 - CEWA
Assumption Catholic Primary School is double stream co-educational school with approximately 450 students from Pre Kindy to Year 6.<|control11|><|separator|>
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Assumption University: University
Assumption University is one of most historic Roman Catholic institutes of higher learning in Canada. Informed by the Basilian tradition.Courses · Graduate Diploma in Catholic... · Scholarships · About
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History - Assumption University
Assumption College opened its doors to twenty-six boarders and sixty day students. M. Theodule Girardot was the first instructor.
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Assumption College Catholic High School
Assumption College Catholic High School A+ A- ; Address, 1100 Huron Church Road, Windsor, Ontario, N9C 2K7 ; Phone, (519) 256-7801 ; Fax, (519) 256-0417.Catholic School Advisory... · Programs & Academics · Daily Schedule · Departments<|separator|>
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Assumption College School | Excellence in Learning, Living in Christ
School Information. Assumption College School. 257 Shellard Lane Brantford, ON N3T 0M7 bacs_info@bhncdsb.ca. Zone: 4 519-751-2030. Assumption College School.School Registration · Brightspace/D2L Login · School Within A College (SWAC)
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Mission Statement - Assumption College School
History. In 1941, Brantford Catholic High School opened in the basement of St. Ann's Elementary School with just one Grade 9 class. A new class was added ...
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About Us | Assumption College
Assumption College, an Autonomous college, named so to commemorate the proclamation of the Dogma of the Assumption of BL. Virgin Mary, is affiliated to ...
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Assumption College: Home
Assumption College is a Christian minority institution managed by the Archdiocese of Changanassery. Keeping in line with the Catholic tradition of imparting ...About Us · College History · College Resources · College Administration
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Assumption College Ranking 2024: NIRF - Shiksha
Rating 4.4 (69) Sep 4, 2024 · In the NIRF rankings 2024, Assumption College achieved the #201-300 position in the 'Colleges' category. Its consistent high rankings over the ...<|separator|>
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Assumption College of Nursing - Home
Assumption College Of Nursing Sulthan Bathery Wayanad - 67 35 92. Kerala, India. Contact us. Ph : 04936 - 225 190. Email : assumptionconsby@gmail.com. Seek us ...
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Assumption Convent School, Abohar | Home
Assumption Convent School, Abhor is a Catholic School, owned, established and administered under the Catholic Diocese of Jalandhar.
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創立者・沿革 - 聖母被昇天学院
アサンプション国際の歩み · 1839 フランス・パリで聖マリ・ウージェニーにより聖母被昇天修道会が設立される · 1952 5人のシスターが来日 · 1953 大阪・箕面市に修道院を開設 ...
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聖母被昇天学院創立70周年を迎えました
May 2, 2024 · 翌年1953年、活動の場を箕面に移し、聖母被昇天学院を設立。翌1954年に学校法人被昇天学園として認可され、小学校を開校。創立以来、本校は国際的で ...
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聖母被昇天学院
### Summary of Assumption Schools (聖母被昇天学院)
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アサンプション国際中学校高等学校 - 聖母被昇天学院
アサンプション国際中学校高等学校では、創立者聖マリ・ウージェニーの教え「世界の平和に貢献する人の育成」を目指し、以下の5つを理念として掲げ、一人ひとりの個性を ...Missing: founding date
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Assumption College San Lorenzo Makati OFFICIAL WEBSITE
Assumption College San Lorenzo Makati is committed to academic excellence, social responsibility, and faith and spirituality in the Philippines.
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Assumption College at 50 | Philstar.com
Sep 2, 2008 · The school then expanded to its San Lorenzo, Makati campus, welcoming 180 students into its preparatory and elementary levels in June 1958. The ...
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Assumption Iloilo: Home
Assumption Iloilo is a private Catholic School owned and managed by the Religious of the Assumption through the charism of St. Marie Eugenie of Jesus.Missing: institutions | Show results with:institutions
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About US | Assumption Iloilo
HISTORY OF ASSUMPTION ILOILO. 18 General Luna Prieure de NOTRE DAME DU ST. SACRAMENT Word: Ubi caritas et amor Deus ibi est. FOUNDATION. Date founded: 1910.
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Assumption College of Davao – Quality Transformative Education ...
The Assumption College of Davao. ACD is a Catholic school owned and managed by the Missionaries of the Assumption (m.a.) promoting education with a social ...
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acd herstory - Assumption College of Davao
It was in 1958 that the Sisters opened a primary and secondary school, the Assumption Academy of Davao in an “open, swampy and desolate” piece of land in Agdao, ...
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Assumption English School - Singapore - MOE
Assumption English School is located at 622 Upper Bukit Timah Road, S678117. It is a co-ed, government-aided, single session school. Contact at 6572 9100 or ...
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School History
Assumption English School was founded in 1953 by Brother Vincent, a Gabrielite Brother as one of the three components of Boys' Town.
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Assumption English School
Established 1953 by the Montfort Brothers of St Gabriel, AES is currently the only co-educational Catholic secondary school in the Western part of Singapore.Timetable and ExaminationsTeaching StaffSchool HistoryContact UsClub & Societies
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Assumption English - St. Gabriel's Foundation
Assumption English School is the only Co-educational Catholic Mission School in the western part of Singapore.
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Assumption Pathway School - Singapore - MOE
About, School mode:Single session, School nature:Co-Ed School ; School type:Specialised School, School fees:Check monthly school fees ; Contact, Phone: 6279 3000 ...
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About Us - Assumption Pathway School
Assumption Pathway School is a Catholic Educational Institution transforming and empowering students unable to access or complete mainstream secondary ...
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Assumption Pathway School - Singapore
Hear from our students sharing their journeys and how the unique programmes at APS help to prepare them to be Ready for Work and Life.
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Assumption Pathway School Join ICDL Asia as the Newest ATC in ...
Apr 28, 2023 · Assumption Pathway School (APS) is a Catholic educational institution specialised school that offers vocational programmes accredited by ITE as ...
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Assumption College(AC)
The school was founded in 1877 by Rev. Father Émile August Colombet, a French Abbot of Assumption Church in order to tackle with the educational neglect.
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About EP | epac - English Program Assumption College
The school first began to offer the English Program (EP) in 2002 in order to provide students with an education that balances the Thai curriculum, Thai language ...
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About-AU - Assumption University of Thailand
Assumption University of Thailand originated as Assumption School of Business in 1969, became Assumption University in 1990, and is administered by the ...
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History of MSME Business School (Thailand's First International ...
Established in 1969 as Assumption School of Business, it became ABAC in 1972, moved to Suvarnabhumi campus in 2001, and offered graduate programs in 2004.
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Assumption University of Thailand - ACUCA
Assumption University was initially originated from Assumption Commercial College in 1969 as an autonomous higher education institution under the name of ...
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Assumption College Lampang Campus - ACL - Thai Schools Directory
The school provides education for students from grade 1 through 12 (K-12). the school entrance especially in the first grade is highly competitive.<|separator|>
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Religion - Assumption Grammar School
Our aim in the Religious Education department is to enable pupils to grow in the knowledge and understanding of their faith and in their personal relationship ...
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Assumption Grammar School [Ballynahinch] - Education Authority
Assumption Grammar School is a girls-only post-primary school for ages 11-18, located at 22-24 Belfast Road, Ballynahinch. Contact: admin@assumption. ...
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Assumption Grammar School: Home
Assumption Grammar School is a Catholic school for girls in Ballynahinch, serving pupils from South Down and Belfast, with a 25-minute commute from the city ...
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Establishment Our Lady of the Assumption Catholic Primary School
Address: Hawthorn Lane, Tile Hill, Coventry, West Midlands, CV4 9LB ; Local authority: Coventry (331) ; School type: Voluntary aided school.
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Home | Our Lady of the Assumption Primary School
### Key Facts Summary
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Our Lady of the Assumption Catholic Primary School
At Our Lady of the Assumption Catholic Primary School, we strive to provide an education that excites and empowers our children to be the best person they were ...Missing: colleges | Show results with:colleges
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175 Years of the Assumption in England
Jun 23, 2025 · Due to changing government regulations, the college closed in 1978, and the Maria Assumpta Educational and Pastoral Centre opened. Various ...
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Assumptionists in Britain | Assumptionists in UK
... Assumptionists took responsibility for both the parish and St Michaels College. Today the college is at Stevenage under the patronage of St John Henry Newman.
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History and Mission - Assumption University
Assumption University is a comprehensive, private Catholic liberal arts institution, sponsored by the Augustinians of the Assumption.<|control11|><|separator|>
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Assumption University: Worcester, MA
For 120 years, Assumption students have been known for curiosity in the classroom and their commitment to community.Majors & MinorsAthleticsTuition and Financial AidExperience WorcesterAdmissions and Financial Aid
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Assumption University (164562) - Data USA
The total enrollment at Assumption University (164562) in 2023, both undergraduate and graduate, is 2,046 students. The full-time enrollment at Assumption ...
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Assumption University seeing rising enrollment, bucking US trend
Oct 17, 2025 · Assumption University's first-year class, the Class of 2029, of 570 is the largest class of first-year students since 2020 and marks three years ...
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Schools and Colleges - Assumption University
Five schools. Over 100 undergraduate and graduate academic programs to choose from. Assumption's liberal arts experience is a community where your passions meet ...
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Assumption University - Profile, Degrees, Rankings & Statistics 2025
Assumption University traces its roots back to 1885 when Father Emmanuel Colombet founded the Thai-French School in Bangkok, Thailand.
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Assumption University | US News Best Colleges
Rating 4.6 (7) In the 2026 edition of Best Colleges, Assumption University is ranked No. #50 in Regional Universities North. It's also ranked No. #26 in Best Value Schools. It ...Rankings · Cost · Admissions · Student Body
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History - Assumption College for Sisters
Assumption College was founded in 1953, became independent in 1961, and moved to Denville in 2015. It is sponsored by the Sisters of Christian Charity.
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How a New Jersey college educates women religious from around ...
Jan 18, 2024 · When it was founded in 1953, Assumption College for Sisters operated out of the Mallinckrodt Convent Motherhouse of the Sisters of Christian ...
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Assumption College for Sisters: Narrative Description
Founded 1953. Setting: 112-acre rural campus with easy access to New York City. Educational spending 2002-03: $3650 per student. Total enrollment: 30.
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Assumption College for Sisters
Impelled by Christ's love, Assumption College for Sisters, through education and community, forms servant leaders who transform lives.