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Jem Bendell

Jem Bendell is an emeritus professor of sustainability leadership at the University of Cumbria in the United Kingdom and the founder of the Institute for Leadership and Sustainability (IFLAS) there.^[1]^[2] With a background in geography from the University of Cambridge and a PhD, he spent over two decades as a researcher, educator, and advisor in sustainable development, working with businesses, United Nations agencies, and non-profits before entering academia.^[3]^[2] Bendell gained international prominence in 2018 with his working paper "Deep Adaptation: A Map for Navigating Climate Tragedy," which contends that climate-driven environmental disruption will likely lead to near-term societal collapse and proposes three responses—resilience, relinquishment, and restoration—to foster personal and communal adaptation amid such breakdown.^[4] The paper, initially hosted on an academic journal's site before being removed due to its unconventional conclusions, has since been downloaded hundreds of thousands of times and inspired a global forum and movement focused on psychological and practical preparation for climate chaos, challenging prevailing assumptions in sustainability discourse that emphasize mitigation over inevitable disruption.^[4]^[5] In addition to academic contributions, Bendell co-edited the 2021 book Deep Adaptation: Navigating the Realities of Climate Chaos, expanding on these ideas through essays on living with potential collapse, and he took early retirement from the University of Cumbria in 2023 to pursue independent work on metacrisis and consciousness.^[6]^[7] His framework has sparked both endorsement for its realism in addressing empirical trends like accelerating extreme weather and criticism for potentially undermining motivational efforts toward systemic change, reflecting tensions in climate scholarship between adaptation and avoidance of dire scenarios.^[4]^[8]

Early Life and Academic Background

Education and Formative Influences

Bendell earned a Bachelor of Arts with honours in geography from the University of Cambridge in 1995.^[9]^[10] The curriculum in geography at Cambridge encompassed physical environments, human impacts on landscapes, and spatial analysis, offering early exposure to interconnected ecological and societal systems.^[11] He later completed a PhD at the University of Bristol.^[1] This advanced study built on his undergraduate foundation, deepening engagement with themes of environmental change and human adaptation through rigorous research methodologies.^[9] Born into a Jewish family, Bendell grew up in the United Kingdom, where familial narratives of resilience amid historical adversity may have contributed to a worldview attuned to systemic vulnerabilities.^[12] These formative elements, combined with academic training in geography, oriented his intellectual pursuits toward examining the interplay between human societies and natural limits.^[11]

Initial Professional Roles in Sustainability

Bendell commenced his career in sustainability immediately following his 1995 graduation from the University of Cambridge with a degree in geography. He assumed senior management positions at WWF UK, where he advanced initiatives to integrate environmental protection into business and consumer practices.^[13] In the mid-1990s, Bendell focused on practical projects to promote certified sustainable resources, including efforts to build market demand for wood products verified under the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification system, which aimed to ensure responsible forestry management benefiting ecosystems and local communities. By 1996, he formulated an organizational framework to support emerging sustainability standards and multi-stakeholder collaborations in resource sectors.^[14] Bendell later established Lifeworth Consulting as a social enterprise dedicated to responsible business strategies, providing advisory services on corporate sustainability reporting, ethical supply chains, and environmental accountability to non-profits, businesses, and investors. A notable project involved leading research for WWF-UK in 2007, resulting in the co-authored report Deeper Luxury: Quality and Style When the World Matters, which quantified the sector's contributions to global resource depletion—such as luxury goods accounting for disproportionate carbon emissions and habitat loss—and recommended shifts toward durable, low-impact production models adopted by some brands thereafter.^[15]^[16] Over a decade, Bendell consulted for the United Nations on sustainable development, emphasizing community-based approaches to livelihoods amid economic globalization. His advisory work supported UN programs linking corporate practices to poverty reduction and environmental resilience, including analysis of initiatives like the Global Compact to mitigate trade liberalization's adverse effects on vulnerable ecosystems and local economies, as detailed in his 2010 assessment critiquing implementation gaps in participant firms' environmental performance reporting.^[16]^[17]

Professional Career

Academic Positions and Leadership

In 2012, Jem Bendell joined the University of Cumbria and established the Institute for Leadership and Sustainability (IFLAS), focusing on interdisciplinary research and education in sustainability.^[18] He was appointed Professor of Sustainability Leadership, delivering his inaugural professorial lecture in November 2013 on exploring sustainability through critical social theory.^[19] As founding director of IFLAS, Bendell oversaw programs and initiatives that promoted innovative approaches to leadership education, including opportunities for PhD study in sustainable development.^[1] Bendell's academic leadership extended to advancing responsible management education. He contributed to frameworks like the Sixteen Steps for Responsible Business Schools, emphasizing social progress as a core purpose for business education.^[20] His involvement with the Principles for Responsible Management Education (PRME) included advisory roles on integrating ethics and sustainability into management curricula.^[21] Over his tenure, which spanned more than a decade until early retirement in summer 2023—after which he received emeritus status—Bendell authored or co-authored over 100 publications on leadership, organizational change, and sustainable development.^[7]^[1]

Work in International Development and Policy

Bendell consulted for the United Nations on sustainable development initiatives prior to 2012, conducting research roles within the UN system and collaborating with international NGOs to promote innovative practices in poverty reduction and environmental management.^[1] ^[22] His work emphasized data-driven assessments of development interventions, including evaluations of how global aid structures interfaced with local ecosystems in developing regions. For instance, in the mid-2000s, he co-authored analyses questioning the efficacy of corporate-led poverty alleviation efforts, documenting cases where such initiatives failed to deliver measurable reductions in deprivation due to overlooked environmental costs, such as resource depletion in agrarian communities.^[23] ^[24] Bendell's critiques of international aid drew on empirical evidence of systemic inefficiencies, arguing that conventional models often perpetuated cycles of dependency and ecological harm rather than fostering resilience. In a 2010 review, he called for holistic integration of business, government, and civil society roles in development, citing data from aid-dependent economies showing persistent poverty rates alongside accelerating habitat loss, with global aid flows averaging under 0.3% of donor GDP yielding diminishing returns on human development indices.^[24] These observations stemmed from field-informed research predating his later frameworks, highlighting causal pathways where short-term economic gains undermined long-term viability through overexploitation of natural capital.^[14] Earlier publications, such as his 1997 examination of post-Rio partnerships between businesses and environmental groups, foreshadowed concerns over global systemic risks by analyzing how fragmented policy approaches amplified vulnerabilities in interconnected supply chains and resource systems.^[25] Bendell's policy-oriented outputs in this period advocated evidence-based reforms to international cooperation, prioritizing interventions that accounted for cascading failures in aid delivery, such as mismatched funding priorities leading to 20-30% leakage in project outcomes in sub-Saharan and Southeast Asian contexts.^[26] This body of work laid groundwork for recognizing inherent fragilities in development paradigms, without invoking outright collapse scenarios.

Development of Deep Adaptation

The 2018 Paper and Its Genesis

Bendell drafted the paper during a sabbatical in late 2017, partly funded by the Seedbed foundation to focus on deep adaptation concepts, amid his growing frustration with institutional denial of escalating climate risks in sustainability research and practice, drawing on two decades of professional experience in the field.^[27]^[4] The work reviewed empirical data from sources including IPCC assessments but concluded that conventional adaptation strategies were infeasible given observed trends in climate impacts.^[4] Following completion, Bendell submitted the manuscript to the Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, where anonymous reviewers rejected it, stating it did not qualify as an academic article and mismatched the journal's scope.^[4]^[28] On July 27, 2018, Bendell self-published the paper online as "Deep Adaptation: A Map for Navigating Climate Tragedy," announcing its availability the prior day via a blog post highlighting the rejection and framing it as suppressed analysis on societal collapse.^[28]^[4] The release prompted immediate high demand, overwhelming his server with download requests and igniting discussions across online forums.^[29] By subsequent years, the paper had amassed over one million downloads.^[8]^[30]

Core Framework: The 4Rs of Adaptation

Bendell's Deep Adaptation framework employs the 4Rs—resilience, relinquishment, restoration, and reconciliation—as a set of guiding questions to facilitate practical inquiry into personal and communal responses to anticipated societal disruptions from climate change.^[31] Originally outlined as three Rs in his 2018 paper, the model was expanded in early 2019 to incorporate reconciliation, emphasizing emotional and relational processes alongside material adaptations.^[4]^[32] This structure prioritizes candid assessment of collapse scenarios over reliance on technological or policy-driven mitigation, drawing on evidence from historical societal breakdowns where denial exacerbated outcomes, to enable actions rooted in realistic causal pathways.^[4] Resilience addresses the question of what societies most value and seek to preserve amid disruption, focusing on building capacities to maintain essential functions like food security and social cohesion.^[31] For instance, Bendell highlights strengthening community networks to ensure access to basic needs during supply chain failures, such as developing localized food production systems to buffer against global trade interruptions.^[4] Relinquishment involves identifying and releasing attachments to practices or assets that could intensify harm, guided by the query of what must be abandoned to avoid worsening conditions.^[31] Examples include retreating from vulnerable coastal areas, decommissioning energy-intensive infrastructure, or curtailing expectations of high-consumption lifestyles, such as reducing dependence on personal vehicles to conserve resources and mitigate conflict over fuel scarcity.^[4] Restoration prompts reconnection with pre-industrial attitudes and systems conducive to survival, asking what relationships or practices should be revived for greater viability.^[31] Bendell cites rewilding degraded lands, adopting seasonal foraging diets, or fostering non-technological community activities to rebuild ecological and social interdependence eroded by modern industrialization.^[4] Reconciliation, added as the fourth R, centers on achieving inner and interpersonal peace with loss and mortality to reduce suffering, framed by the question of what acceptance might alleviate distress.^[32] It entails confronting personal regrets, fears of death, and intergroup tensions—such as those between generations or nations—while cultivating compassion to prevent escalatory violence during breakdown, as seen in historical collapses where unresolved animosities accelerated disintegration.^[32] This dimension underscores that psychological readiness causally precedes effective resilience measures, countering optimism bias that historically delayed adaptive shifts in collapsing systems.^[32]

Establishment of the Deep Adaptation Movement

Following the publication of his 2018 paper, Jem Bendell founded the Deep Adaptation Forum in late 2018 as an online platform to facilitate discussions and practical explorations of societal adaptation to climate-induced disruptions.^[33] The forum initially operated through networks like Ning and Facebook, serving as a space for participants to share experiences, resources, and initiatives focused on personal and collective resilience.^[34] By December 2020, the forum had expanded to over 14,000 active members across its platforms, reflecting rapid uptake amid growing public interest in collapse scenarios.^[33] Membership continued to increase, reaching approximately 15,000 participants by the early 2020s, drawn from diverse professional and geographic backgrounds, with activity concentrated in asynchronous online forums to accommodate global time zones.^[35] Peak engagement occurred around 2020-2021, coinciding with Bendell's transition away from daily operations in September 2020, after which volunteer-led holding groups sustained operations.^[36] The movement spawned various spin-offs, including the Deep Adaptation Podcast launched to disseminate audio content from Bendell's interviews, forum outputs, and related talks on adaptation strategies.^[37] Local and thematic groups emerged organically, alongside events such as online conferences exploring emotional, practical, and community-based preparedness, often featuring collaborations with activists from Extinction Rebellion, including co-founder Skeena Rathor who contributed to forum governance.^[38] These efforts remained independent of mainstream environmental organizations, emphasizing grassroots, self-organized networks over institutional affiliations.^[39]

Views on Climate Change and Societal Collapse

Arguments for Near-Term Inevitability

Bendell posits that self-reinforcing climate feedbacks, such as the thawing of permafrost releasing vast stores of methane and the rapid decline in Arctic sea ice exposing darker ocean surfaces to absorb more heat, will overwhelm the resilience of industrial societies within the next decade, leading to systemic unviability. In his 2018 paper "Deep Adaptation: A Map for Navigating Climate Tragedy," he interprets data from the IPCC's Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C as indicating that these processes are accelerating beyond modeled projections, with observed rates of permafrost carbon release—estimated at 0.2 gigatons per year currently and potentially doubling—exacerbating warming in ways that probabilistic forecasts fail to capture due to their reliance on linear assumptions rather than observed nonlinear dynamics.^[4]^[40] These feedbacks, Bendell argues, compound vulnerabilities in global systems, drawing causal links from empirical trends like the 2010s acceleration in Greenland ice mass loss (averaging 270 gigatons annually) to disruptions in agriculture and infrastructure that historical precedents suggest precipitate collapse. He applies lessons from past civilizations, noting that the Classic Maya collapse around 800–900 CE involved drought-induced crop failures that eroded social cohesion and governance amid overreliance on fragile water management, paralleling modern dependencies on just-in-time supply chains susceptible to simultaneous shocks from heatwaves and floods. Similarly, he references environmental strains on the Western Roman Empire, where climatic shifts around 400 CE contributed to grain shortages and barbarian incursions by stressing aqueducts and trade routes, underscoring how interconnected economies amplify rather than buffer ecological pressures.^[4] Bendell's timeline for near-term breakdown centers on the 2020s, forecasting failures in food systems from yield declines (e.g., wheat production dropping 6% per 1°C rise in some regions) and soil degradation, energy grids from extreme weather blackouts (as seen in the 2021 Texas freeze affecting 4.5 million), and governance from mass migrations estimated at 1.2 billion by 2050 under high-emissions scenarios but accelerating sooner due to unmodeled tipping cascades. He bases this on causal chains from 2020s observations, including record global temperatures in 2023–2024 and associated events like the 2022 Pakistan floods displacing 33 million, which reveal the fragility of interdependent infrastructures where initial disruptions propagate uncontrollably.^[4]

Critiques of Mainstream Climate Science and Adaptation Strategies

Bendell contends that mainstream climate science underestimates non-linear risks and tipping points, such as permafrost thaw and methane releases, which could accelerate warming beyond linear model projections.^[4] He points to empirical discrepancies, noting that global temperatures reached 1.1°C above pre-industrial levels by 2019, surpassing some IPCC model expectations of 0.95°C, and cites observations of Arctic warming at 3.5°C since 1900 as evidence of faster-than-anticipated changes.^[40] In his view, models like those in IPCC reports inadequately incorporate biohydrological feedbacks, such as forest and ocean influences on cloud formation, leading to underpredictions; for instance, 2025 warming hit 1.52°C against a modeled worst-case of 1.2°C.^[41] Regarding adaptation strategies, Bendell criticizes an over-reliance on technological optimism, arguing that approaches like geoengineering—such as solar reflection or ocean fertilization—carry unpredictable side effects and fail to scale against biophysical realities.^[4] He dismisses net zero targets as greenwashing, asserting they distract from ecological overshoot by promising emission balances that ignore ongoing habitat destruction for materials like batteries and the impossibility of rapid full electrification without fossil fuel dependence.^[42] Carbon trading schemes, he argues, have proven costly and ineffective, serving more as market mechanisms than substantive reducers of emissions amid expanding energy demands.^[4] Bendell rejects "sustainable development" frameworks as ideologically flawed, prioritizing economic growth over planetary boundaries and assuming decoupling of resource use from GDP, despite evidence of rising global material footprints by 40% from 2000 to 2017 and projected 4200% increases in mineral demand by 2040.^[43] In his analysis, such strategies exacerbate risks by promoting maladaptation, as seen in SDG progress stalling with poverty rising 119-124 million during the 2020 pandemic, and fail to confront biophysical limits like soil degradation and water scarcity that render incremental reforms futile.^[43] Instead, he advocates recognizing these limits to foster realistic preparation for disruptions rather than illusory stability.^[44]

Empirical Basis and Predictive Claims

Bendell's assessments rely on empirical discrepancies between observed climate trends and historical model projections, particularly in temperature, sea levels, and feedback mechanisms. Data from NASA/GISS indicate global surface temperatures have risen about 0.9°C since 1880, with 17 of the 18 warmest years occurring since 2001, outpacing many equilibrium climate sensitivity estimates. Arctic amplification is evidenced by 2.0°C warming above the 1981-2010 average in 2016 and sea ice loss at 13.2% per decade since 1980. Greenland ice sheet mass loss averaged 280 gigatons annually from 2002 to 2016, contributing to non-linear sea level acceleration beyond some IPCC scenarios.^[4] Supporting evidence includes peer-reviewed indicators of systemic risks, such as active climate tipping points identified in Lenton et al. (2019), where nine of 15 potential thresholds show signs of crossing, potentially triggering irreversible feedbacks like permafrost thaw and methane release. Methane concentrations increased by 10 ppb in 2014-2015, with risks of catastrophic venting from the East Siberian Arctic Shelf as quantified by Shakhova et al. (2010). Carbon budget analyses, like Knorr (2019), suggest exhaustion by 2025 when accounting for underestimated methane sinks, contrasting IPCC (2013) figures of 270 billion tonnes remaining at prior emission rates of 11 billion tonnes yearly. Biodiversity collapse is framed through meta-analyses like Diaz et al. (2019), documenting 68% average declines in monitored vertebrate populations since 1970, alongside 50% mortality in coral reefs over three decades.^[4]^[45] Predictive claims center on cascading disruptions from these trends, with the 2018 paper positing inevitable societal collapse within less than 10 years due to unmanageable climate stress, including agricultural yield reductions of 1-2% per decade and displacement of 100 million people by environmental factors. This timeline was later specified as major disruptions across all countries by 2028, trackable via real-time indicators like migration surges, food system shocks, and economic contractions from ecosystem failures.^[4]^[46] Bendell's reasoning integrates these data through iterative synthesis of post-2014 observations, prioritizing non-linear dynamics over linear extrapolations, and updates probabilities based on emerging evidence—resembling Bayesian adjustment—rather than fixed model outputs. Recent incorporations include Hansen's analyses of aerosol masking unmasking faster warming, supporting higher transient climate responses consistent with observed accelerations.^[4]^[47]

Political and Philosophical Perspectives

Rejections of Traditional Left-Right Divides

Bendell posits that conventional left-right political frameworks inadequately confront the metacrisis of climate-induced societal disruption, as both orientations stem from shared ideological commitments that evade biophysical constraints. In a 2020 essay, he delineates an overarching "e-s-c-a-p-e" ideology—defined by entitlement to comfort, surety in predictions, control over outcomes, autonomy from interdependence, faith in perpetual progress, and human exceptionalism—which permeates twentieth-century political thought and sustains denial of collapse dynamics.^[48] This framework, he contends, collapses under empirical pressures like accelerating biodiversity loss and resource depletion, rendering binary divides obsolete for causal analysis of systemic failures. The political left, in Bendell's assessment, fosters escapism through progressivist optimism that presumes technological or institutional fixes can indefinitely defer limits, thereby marginalizing adaptive reckonings with finitude. Conversely, right-leaning denialism reinforces surety in unaltered socioeconomic structures, dismissing evidence of tipping points in favor of autonomy-preserving narratives. Both contribute to a collective avoidance of pain inherent in reconciling human activity with planetary boundaries, as evidenced by persistent growth imperatives amid data on overshoot, such as the 2020 exceedance of planetary boundaries in climate, biosphere integrity, and biogeochemical flows reported by the Stockholm Resilience Centre.^[48] Bendell interprets the surge in populism during the 2010s—manifesting in electoral shifts like the 2016 U.S. presidential outcome—as a visceral backlash against elite oversight of socioeconomic grievances intensified by ecological strain, rather than endorsement of rival ideologies. This phenomenon signals the fraying of e-s-c-a-p-e assumptions, where unmet material insecurities propel demands for recognition outside establishment channels, yet without transcending the underlying denial.^[48] In his 2023 book Breaking Together, Bendell further elaborates a post-ideological orientation oriented toward "freedom-loving" adaptation, eschewing the evasions embedded in left-right-green paradigms that have historically deflected from metacrisis confrontation. This approach prioritizes causal realism over partisan allegiance, urging discernment of how ideological remnants exacerbate breakdown trajectories.^[49]^[50]

Critiques of Authoritarian Environmentalism and Wokeism

Bendell contends that authoritarian tendencies in environmental politics, including advocacy for elite vanguardism to impose changes without majority consent, stifle democratic engagement and foreclose candid assessments of societal collapse. Such approaches, exemplified by proposals for top-down enforcement of climate policies, align environmentalism with self-interested elites and alienate broader publics, as seen in overlooked farmer protests against restrictive green regulations in countries like Sri Lanka and the Netherlands.^[51] He further critiques "green positivity" narratives as escapist self-deception, perpetuating myths of technosalvation—such as scalable renewables sustaining current consumption levels—despite indicators like Earth's Overshoot Day falling on August 1, 2024, and persistent global malnutrition affecting 800 million people amid ecological limits. These illusions delay recognition of overshoot-driven breakdown and enable authoritarian measures, including social media censorship of dissenting collapse discussions and ethical overreaches like overriding indigenous rights for mineral extraction tied to net-zero goals.^[44]^[51] Regarding wokeism, Bendell differentiates critical theory—which examines power dynamics to liberate individuals from ideological constraints, grounded in the belief that unexamined realities foster unfreedom—from identity-focused ideologies emphasizing unconscious biases and group differentials, which he views as commodified and decoupled from underlying material realities. Performative identity politics, in his assessment, diverts attention from class exploitation and environmental degradation, enabling middle-class moral signaling without economic disruption or solidarity across racial lines, as it incurs no personal cost to participants.^[52] In practice, Bendell applies these critiques to forum moderation in his Deep Adaptation community, opposing suppression of debates on issues like the Palestine conflict to prioritize truth-seeking over ideological conformity, even amid accusations of extremism that reflect elite-driven polarization. He argues such openness counters groupthink and authoritarian impulses, fostering resilience through critical inquiry into how social fractures exacerbate collapse risks.^[53]

Analysis of Capitalism, Ideology, and Metacrisis

Bendell posits that capitalism functions as an amplifier of extractive processes, intensifying the metacrisis—a convergence of ecological degradation, economic instability, energy shortages, food system failures, and cultural disruptions—through its inherent growth imperative rooted in debt-based money creation. This system causally converts natural resources into commodified products, prioritizing perpetual expansion over sustainability, which exacerbates environmental harm and inequality without being the singular origin of collapse.^[48]^[54]^[55] In his 2023 book Breaking Together: A Freedom-Loving Response to Collapse, Bendell empirically critiques capitalism's trajectory, noting the stagnation of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals since 2016 and declining life expectancies in industrialized nations as indicators of ongoing economic breakdown driven by banking practices that fuel extraction. He rejects both neoliberalism's uncritical embrace of progress, which undervalues non-industrial cultures, and socialism's tendencies toward centralization, which he sees as empirically prone to co-option by corporate interests and inefficiency in addressing limits. Instead, Bendell advocates post-capitalist solidarity via localized community economics and commons-based systems to build resilience amid disintegration.^[55]^[56] Ideological rigidity compounds capitalism's flaws by obstructing adaptation to the metacrisis; Bendell delineates an overarching "e-s-c-a-p-e" framework—entitlement to endless resources, surety in institutional control, autonomy via individualism, progress through technology, and exceptionalism in human dominance—that entrenches denial of causal breakdowns, such as ecosystems' inability to support infinite growth. This ideology, symbiotic with capitalist debt-money mechanisms, prevents first-principles reckoning with reality, where extraction's feedback loops render escapist narratives untenable and foster maladaptive distractions over pragmatic response.^[48] Bendell frames the metacrisis as a profound challenge to societal assumptions, values, and habits underlying politics, economics, and culture, demanding "spiritual realism"—a non-dogmatic openness to meaning-making that transcends ideological silos and confronts the convergence of material and existential crises without reliance on growth paradigms. He emphasizes causal links from unrestrained expansion to systemic fragility, urging a shift toward "ecolibertarianism" that integrates ecological boundaries with freedoms derived from mutual aid, rather than state or market authoritarianism.^[54]^[55]

Reception, Criticisms, and Debates

Scientific and Academic Critiques

Critiques from climate scientists and scholars have centered on Bendell's selective use of IPCC data in arguing for the inevitability of near-term societal collapse, asserting that he conflates low-probability, high-impact scenarios—such as rapid ice sheet melt or permafrost thaw—with certain outcomes, while downplaying the reports' emphasis on probabilistic ranges and median projections. For instance, analyses have highlighted Bendell's reliance on outlier estimates from sources like the 2018 IPCC Special Report on 1.5°C, where he extrapolates from potential 2-3°C warming by mid-century to immediate systemic failure, ignoring the IPCC's caveat that such extremes depend on unmitigated emissions and feedback loops not yet dominant.^[57]^[58] This approach, critics contend, violates standard scientific practice by treating speculative risks as baselines without empirical validation from observed trends, such as global temperature anomalies remaining within modeled envelopes as of 2025. Methodological flaws identified include Bendell's initial non-peer-reviewed dissemination of the 2018 Deep Adaptation paper, which was rejected by the Journal of Cleaner Production for insufficient rigor before being self-published, leading to accusations of academic overreach unsupported by falsifiable predictions or quantitative modeling. Scholars have pointed to his omission of evidence for adaptive capacities, such as sustained increases in global crop yields—wheat production rose 1.2% annually from 2010-2020 despite variable weather—through technological interventions like drought-resistant varieties and precision irrigation, which contradict claims of unadaptable agricultural breakdown.^[58]^[59] Predictive elements, including expectations of widespread disruptions by 2028, have not materialized as of October 2025, with no observed global societal collapse; instead, metrics like GDP growth in vulnerable regions (e.g., South Asia at 6-7% annually pre-2025) and infrastructure expansions demonstrate resilience beyond Bendell's timeline.^[60] While some academics acknowledge underappreciated climate risks, such as accelerating feedbacks, they reject Bendell's fatalism as empirically unsubstantiated and counterproductive, arguing it discourages targeted mitigation and adaptation by implying irreversibility without causal evidence linking current forcings to total systemic failure. Mainstream assessments, including those from the IPCC's 2022-2023 synthesis, maintain that while high-end risks exist under RCP8.5 scenarios, proactive measures have already averted worse outcomes, with no consensus on inevitability.^[61]^[57]

Accusations of Doomerism and Political Bias

Critics have accused Jem Bendell of promoting "doomerism," a form of fatalism that allegedly fosters passivity and discourages collective action on climate issues. Author Jeremy Lent, in a 2019 response to Bendell's Deep Adaptation framework, argued that its emphasis on inevitable societal collapse risks undermining motivation for systemic change by framing adaptation as a resigned acceptance rather than a spur for transformative politics. Similarly, a 2020 analysis in openDemocracy labeled Deep Adaptation's conclusions as steeped in "doomism," contending that such narratives echo climate denial tactics by eroding trust in mainstream science and viable mitigation strategies, potentially leading to political paralysis.^[57] Accusations of political bias have intensified since 2024, with detractors claiming Bendell's writings and engagements veer toward right-wing promotion, including sympathetic discussions of grievances aired by Donald Trump supporters. Groups aligned with collapse activism, such as Just Collapse, publicly stated in December 2024 that Bendell was "promoting right-wing individuals and ideas" through his platform, without sufficient distancing from such perspectives.^[62] These charges arise amid Bendell's critiques of left-leaning authoritarianism in environmentalism, though critics from progressive circles frame his rejection of traditional ideological divides as an implicit endorsement of conservative populism. Within the Deep Adaptation Forum, tensions over free speech versus ideological alignment surfaced empirically in 2025 discussions on Palestine, leading to reported splits. A April 2025 open letter highlighted moderator censorship of Israel-Palestine topics, prompting calls for intervention to preserve open discourse on societal collapse implications, including empathy for affected regions.^[63] This episode underscored divides between those prioritizing unrestricted debate on global metacrisis elements and others favoring moderated alignment with prevailing activist norms.

Bendell's Responses and Defenses

Bendell has defended the scientific foundations of his Deep Adaptation framework by emphasizing observational data and post-2018 research that align with rapid, non-linear climate changes, such as accelerating Arctic warming and sea-level rise exceeding IPCC projections.^[40] In response to specific critiques from climate scientists like Gavin Schmidt and Wolfgang Knorr, he clarified interpretive differences—such as the use of "surprise" in Arctic trends—and highlighted studies like Spratt & Dunlop (2018) and Lenton et al. (2019) supporting tipping points, while noting minor model updates but no need for major revisions to his core conclusions.^[40] He has pointed to vested interests among some critics, including affiliations with the nuclear sector, as potentially influencing their dismissals of alarmist interpretations.^[64] Regarding predictions of collapse, Bendell has refined his position to frame it as an ongoing process rather than a date-specific event, noting that societal breakdown indicators—such as economic and food system disruptions—were already evident by 2017 or 2018.^[65] In his 2023 book Breaking Together, he provides a more precise definition of collapse, incorporating factors like aerosol reductions, ocean health decline, and forest dieback, while maintaining that irreversible changes render full restoration unlikely.^[65] ^[64] This evolution addresses earlier ambiguities in the 2018 paper without retracting the inevitability of significant disruption.^[65] Bendell promotes transparency by directly engaging critics in his writings, such as reviewing multiple assessments of his work to highlight misrepresentations—like 26 alleged errors in an OpenDemocracy piece—and inviting scientific challenges or improvements.^[64] He has expressed surprise at the recycling of outdated criticisms in 2024, attributing this to efforts to suppress attention to escalating climate data, such as faster-than-expected sea-level rise.^[64] In advocating for responses to collapse risks, Bendell emphasizes maintaining curiosity about emerging realities, rejecting both unfounded optimism and paralyzing nihilism or despair.^[64] He encourages detachment from preconceived views or reputations to remain receptive to data, fostering emotional acceptance and inquiry into living truthfully amid uncertainty.^[64] Bendell's thinking has progressed from the 2018 focus on climate-driven adaptation to a broader metacrisis lens by 2025, integrating interconnected systemic failures with spiritual dimensions drawn from Buddhist, Daoist, Indigenous, and Christian mystic traditions.^[66] This includes collaborative explorations via metacrisis meetings on topics like collapse-aware networks and the role of contemplation in resilience.^[66] Politically, he has advocated citizen ownership models and critiques of institutional failures, such as rethinking UN efficacy, while evolving the Deep Adaptation framework to include five Rs for practical response.^[66]

Publications and Ongoing Work

Key Books and Papers

Bendell's most influential publication is the 2018 conceptual paper "Deep Adaptation: A Map for Navigating Climate Tragedy", initially released on July 27, which examines empirical data from climate studies to argue for an inevitable near-term societal collapse due to environmental limits, proposing a framework for personal and communal resilience focused on resilience, relinquishment, and restoration.^[4]^[67] In June 2020, Bendell authored the essay "The Collapse of Ideology and the End of Escape", a 10,000-word analysis attributing societal breakdown to ideological rigidities that prevent adaptive responses to climate-driven disruptions, emphasizing the exhaustion of escapist narratives in modern political and economic thought.^[48] Bendell contributed to discussions on scientific communication with his November 2022 essay "Climate Honesty – Are We 'Beyond Catastrophe'?", critiquing optimistic interpretations in mainstream outlets like The New York Times for downplaying irreversible ecological tipping points and their cascading effects on global systems.^[68] His 2023 book Breaking Together: A Freedom-Loving Response to Collapse, published in April, synthesizes two years of interdisciplinary research to detail the ongoing disintegration of modern societies linked to fiat monetary expansion and centralized control, advocating for decentralized, voluntary mutual aid as a pathway to post-collapse vitality amid resource constraints.^[50]^[69]

Recent Developments and Influence

In 2024, Bendell published a series of blog posts reviewing collapse-related literature and personal reflections, including "Collapse-relevant publications in 2024" on December 10, which compiled an independent annual assessment of works on societal collapse readiness, and "Some reasonable essays on collapse" on December 18, categorizing essays on integrating collapse awareness into professional life, trends in Deep Adaptation practices, and political implications.^[70]^[71] He also marked the sixth anniversary of his Deep Adaptation paper with "Staying Curious During Collapse" on July 24, 2024, emphasizing emotional processing of climate activism setbacks amid ongoing temperature anomalies.^[64] Bendell's 2023 book Breaking Together: A Freedom-Loving Response to Collapse continued to inform his post-2023 output, with a chapter-by-chapter summary posted on his blog on October 8, 2025, highlighting themes of freedom-based responses to systemic disintegration over panicked or authoritarian alternatives.^[55] In April 2024, he delivered a keynote speech commemorating the fifth anniversary of the Deep Adaptation movement's inception, focusing on its evolution toward collapse preparation.^[72] Early 2025 plans included a book tour in Brazil for the Portuguese translation of Breaking Together.^[73] Bendell's influence post-2023 remains primarily niche within collapse-aware communities, with indirect effects on activist subgroups, such as "doomer" factions in Extinction Rebellion that incorporate preparation for societal breakdown, though broader climate movements critique it for potentially discouraging action.^[74] Metrics include sustained engagement via the Deep Adaptation forum and annual reviews, but no large-scale citation surges in peer-reviewed literature; instead, his ideas appear in practitioner essays and podcasts exploring metacrisis responses.^[70] Ongoing work emphasizes deriving spiritual meaning from the metacrisis without reliance on institutional religion, as articulated in 2025 posts like "The Magic of the Metacrisis" on May 12, which frames systemic crumbling as an opportunity for personal transformation, and discussions on metacrisis mentorship addressing yearnings for non-dogmatic depth amid collapse.^[75]^[76] This forward-looking pivot challenges conventional sustainability narratives by prioritizing inner resilience over external institutional fixes.^[54]

References

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Professor Jem Bendell, PhD - University of Cumbria
Biography. Jem Bendell is a Professor of Sustainability Leadership and Founder of the Institute for Leadership and Sustainability (www.iflas.info) at the ...
[2]
About & Contact - Prof Jem Bendell
A graduate of the University of Cambridge, he had twenty years of experience in sustainable business and finance, as a researcher, educator, facilitator, ...
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Jem BENDELL | University of Cumbria, Carlisle | Research profile
For the previous 20 years he was a researcher, educator, advisor, & entrepreneur in sustainable development. Clients included business, UN agencies, charities & ...
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[PDF] Deep Adaptation: A Map for Navigating Climate Tragedy - Lifeworth
Jul 27, 2018 · Two years after its first release, this paper has influenced hundreds of thousands of people to reconsider their lives and work in the face ...
[5]
deep adaptation – Prof Jem Bendell
By containing exercises and reflections, the book can be seen as a detox programme from “ego addiction” that enables us to return to our deeper Selfhood – the ...
[6]
Deep Adaptation: Navigating the Realities of Climate Chaos
Jem Bendell is Professor of Sustainability Leadership at the University of Cumbria and the originator of the Deep Adaptation movement. Rupert Read is an ...
[7]
Goodbye Academia - Prof Jem Bendell
Oct 1, 2024 · A year ago I took (very) early retirement from academia, and was given the title Emeritus Professor upon leaving.Missing: biography background
[8]
[PDF] DEEP ADAPTATION - PhilPapers
Nov 3, 2021 · Jem Bendell: I thank the many volunteers in the Deep Adaptation. Forum around the world, most of whom I have never met in person and yet feel ...<|separator|>
[9]
A life changed by collapse (mine) - Prof Jem Bendell
Nov 19, 2024 · Bendell is not 'just' an academic. Yes, he studied geography at Cambridge University and then continued to earn a doctorate at Bristol ...Missing: biography | Show results with:biography
[10]
693. Jem Bendell - Buddha at the Gas Pump
Jem Bendell Professor Jem Bendell is a world-renowned scholar on ... He completed his PhD at the University of Bristol and his Geography BA (Hons) ...
[11]
Jem Bendell - The World Economic Forum
He founded the Deep Adaptation Forum and Scholars' Warning. He was educated at the Universities of Cambridge, Bristol and Harvard. About us.
[12]
Responding to Green Positivity Critiques of Deep Adaptation
Apr 10, 2019 · Born into a Jewish family, I realized that I probably owed my existence ... Jem Bendell's response to this article: Responding to Green ...
[13]
Adapt or die: Jem Bendell's radical vision to survive the climate crisis
Apr 25, 2023 · The founder of the Deep Adaptation movement has divided climate scientists and supercharged protest movements. Critics call Jem Bendell a ...
[14]
Tag: Sustainable Development - Prof Jem Bendell
By 1995 I was helping develop market demand for wood certified under the Forest Stewardship Council system, and by 1996 developed an organisational concept for ...Missing: early career
[15]
[PDF] Deeper Luxury - download the basic PDF update here. - WWF-UK
WWF-UK's role comes from being a trusted custodian of environmental ... with Jem Bendell, August 2007. 124. All quotations in this section from: Time ...
[16]
WWF - Prof Jem Bendell
In my 10 years as a consultant to the UN on development issues I have been constantly reminded of one thing. People with low incomes do not want our charity, ...
[17]
(PDF) From Global Compact to global impact - ResearchGate
From Global Compact to global impact. January 2010. Authors: Jem Bendell at University of Cumbria · Jem Bendell · University of Cumbria · Ian Doyle.
[18]
Seeking Transformation? Study for an interdisciplinary PhD at the ...
Nov 25, 2012 · Prof Jem Bendell. living with metacrisis and ... Study for an interdisciplinary PhD at the Institute for Leadership and Sustainability.
[19]
the Inaugural Professorial Lecture by IFLAS director Prof Jem Bendell
Nov 4, 2013 · A Professor of Sustainability Leadership, and Founding Director of the Institute for Leadership and Sustainability (IFLAS), Jem Bendell has ...
[20]
The Sixteen Steps for Responsible Business Schools : Lifeworth ...
Jem Bendell recognised as Young Global Leader. Search for: Topics. annual review asia asian csr authentic luxury network awards capital accountability carbon ...
[21]
[PDF] Principles for Responsible Management Education - Cloudfront.net
• Professor Jem Bendell, Founding Director of the Institute for Leadership and Sustainability, University of Cumbria. (UK) and also Adjunct Professor at APCSE.
[22]
Sustainable Development - Prof Jem Bendell
She had worked for over two decades in the UN system, from humanitarian relief to climate diplomacy. As she stirred her coffee, she confessed: “I feel ...Missing: consultant | Show results with:consultant
[23]
Will Corporations Really Help the World's Poor? - CSRwire
Jan 31, 2005 · Jem Bendell, who is co-author of the Review. Corporate contributions to poverty reduction is just one topic that the Review explores from ...Missing: critiques alleviation degradation
[24]
[PDF] Bendell_WorldReviewAprilJune2...
Jun 22, 2010 · this review, Jem Bendell, called for a more holistic and integrated approach to busi- ness contributions to development and their ...
[25]
In Whose Name? The AccountAbility of Corporate Social ... - jstor
Murphy, David F. and Jem Bendell (1997) In the Company of Partners: Business, Environmental. Groups and Sustainable Development Post-Rio, Bristol: Policy Press.<|separator|>
[26]
Publications by Jem Bendell
Jan 9, 2017 · This is a rolling list of all my publications, which I will endeavour to keep up to date. Many of the references have links to the actual publications.Missing: projects | Show results with:projects<|control11|><|separator|>
[27]
The Climate Change Paper So Depressing It's Sending People to ...
Feb 27, 2019 · Professor Jem Bendell, a sustainability academic at the University of Cumbria, wrote the paper after taking a sabbatical at the end of 2017 to ...
[28]
The study on collapse they thought you should not read – yet
Jul 26, 2018 · The paper offers a new framing for beginning to make sense of the disaster we face, called “deep adaptation.” It is one that Professor Bendell ...Missing: arXiv | Show results with:arXiv
[29]
Positive Deep Adaptation Group on Facebook - Prof Jem Bendell
Mar 3, 2019 · My server crashed twice due to the download demands for my Deep Adaptation paper. To channel this interest into useful professional ...
[30]
Versions of the Deep Adaptation paper - Prof Jem Bendell
May 15, 2019 · Downloaded over a million times, his Deep Adaptation paper is credited with inspiring the growth of the Extinction Rebellion movement in ...
[31]
The Four "R's" - Deep Adaptation Forum
The Four “R's” ; Resilience: what do we most value that we want to keep, and how? ; Relinquishment: what do we need to let go of so as not to make matters worse?
[32]
Hope and Vision in the Face of Collapse – The 4th R of Deep ...
Jan 9, 2019 · […] The concept of “Deep Adaptation” is beginning to gain currency, with its proponent Jem Bendell arguing that “we face inevitable near-term ...
[33]
DAF: Two Years On - Deep Adaptation Forum
Dec 28, 2020 · Deep Adaptation Forum (DAF) was founded by Professor Jem Bendell in late 2018. Following his departure at the end of September 2020, DAF ...
[34]
The Deep Adaptation Quarterly – March 2021 - Prof Jem Bendell
Mar 20, 2021 · As the Deep Adaptation Forum (DAF) continues to grow, both in number and maturity, it is becoming an increasingly vibrant space. Members from ...
[35]
The Deep Adaptation Forum (DAF)
The DA Forum emerged from Professor Jem Bendell's academic paper, published in 2018 and revised in 2020. Both versions explore personal and collective ...
[36]
Deep Adaptation is Up to You as Founder Transitions
Aug 22, 2020 · Therefore it is a suitable time for me to step back from the daily operations of the Forum at the end of September 2020. I will remain as one of ...
[37]
Deep Adaptation - Apple Podcasts
Rating 5.0 (9) The Deep Adaptation Podcast shares audio from some of Professor Jem Bendell's interviews and talks, as well as other outputs from the Deep Adaptation Forum ...
[38]
Let's become free together - Deep Adaptation Forum
Mar 14, 2022 · This piece was written by Skeena Rathor – Extinction Rebellion co-founder, DA Forum Holding Group member, and former Labour Councillor – in ...
[39]
Adapting deeply to likely collapse: an enhanced agenda for climate ...
Jan 15, 2020 · Deep Adaptation to climate change means asking ourselves and our leaders these four questions. “How do we keep what we really want to keep?” is ...Missing: 3Rs 4Rs
[40]
Response to Criticism of the Climate Science in Deep Adaptation
Feb 27, 2020 · Prof Jem Bendell ... Such exponential changes can be seen through the observation of current phenomena, such as sea level, permafrost melt and so ...Missing: unviable 2030s
[41]
The Dangers of Climate Dogma – and what we can do about it
Sep 5, 2025 · In this essay I offer what I think is my most comprehensive update since the Deep Adaptation paper on how I interpret the latest climate ...
[42]
I also hate this conclusion (on net zero) - Prof Jem Bendell
Jun 23, 2023 · The 'green' capitalists are extremely happy for us to keep ignoring that reality, as then any pressure for action translates into more money and ...
[43]
Replacing Sustainable Development: Potential Frameworks for ...
Replacing Sustainable Development: Potential Frameworks for International Cooperation in an Era of Increasing Crises and Disasters. by. Jem Bendell.<|control11|><|separator|>
[44]
The Nine Lies of the Fake Green Fairytale - Prof Jem Bendell
Aug 25, 2024 · Fifth, the claim that achieving net zero emissions would bring temperatures down to safe levels within just a few years is not true. The claim ...
[45]
The Climate for Corona – our warming world is more vulnerable to ...
Mar 23, 2020 · Biodiversity loss is already huge, as we are living through a mass wildlife extinction event (Diaz, et al 2019). The reduction of the total ...
[46]
The Benefits of Collapse Acceptance – Part 1 - Prof Jem Bendell
Sep 21, 2023 · However, I still assess, as I did in 2018, that major disruptions will be occurring in all countries worldwide by 2028 in ways that will ...
[47]
Responding to the new wave of climate scepticism - Prof Jem Bendell
Oct 10, 2023 · The previously mentioned paper from James Hansen and colleagues makes that very clear. Leon Simons worked with him on that and is the key ...Missing: reliance | Show results with:reliance
[48]
The Collapse of Ideology and the End of Escape - Prof Jem Bendell
Jun 28, 2020 · The Collapse of Ideology and the End of Escape ... An essay on the deeper causes and implications of climate-driven societal breakdown, by ...
[49]
A review of “Breaking Together” by Dr. Jem Bendell - Shareable
Aug 24, 2023 · The book points towards a new political paradigm, free of the left-right-green approaches of the last few decades, which have deftly avoided ...
[50]
BREAKING TOGETHER – a freedom-loving response to collapse
Apr 8, 2023 · This book describes people allowing the full pain of our predicament to liberate them into living more courageously and creatively.
[51]
Why we must ALL challenge authoritarian views in green politics
Jun 3, 2023 · That is why I spent a whole chapter on outlining the importance of critical wisdom and how to develop it. Discover more from Prof Jem Bendell.
[52]
Critical theory ain't woke - Prof Jem Bendell
Aug 27, 2023 · Centre left and left politics are widely recognized to have therefore drifted away from solidarity around mutual interests to become about ...Missing: rejection | Show results with:rejection
[53]
Should Deep Adaptation spaces be discussing contentious social ...
Jan 26, 2025 · Prof Jem Bendell. living with metacrisis and collapse. ☰ Menu. About & Contact · Key Ideas · Metacrisis Meetings · Breaking Together; Search ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[54]
Key Ideas - Prof Jem Bendell
Oct 8, 2025 · This page summarises some of the key ideas that shape the life and work of Jem Bendell: Societal Collapse Metacrisis Deep Adaptation ...
[55]
Summary of Breaking Together - Prof Jem Bendell
Oct 8, 2025 · He emphasises that energy use has not been decoupled from economic activity, so that “green growth” is thus far an illusion. Net zero ...
[56]
collapse of capitalism - Lowimpact.org
Jul 2, 2023 · Here's part one, about the way that capitalism is collapsing, and here's a review of his new book, Breaking Together that we published a few ...
[57]
The faulty science, doomism, and flawed conclusions of 'Deep ...
Jul 14, 2020 · ... Deep Adaptation' paper Jem Bendell argued that nuclear meltdowns will lead to human extinction. We would like to clarify that 'Deep Adaptation ...
[58]
Is Deep Adaptation flawed science? - The Ecologist
Jul 15, 2020 · Bendell's influential but false narrative creates a range of problems for XR and the broader climate movement. We must recognise its impact and ...
[59]
Our Actions Create the Future: A Response to Jem Bendell - MAHB
May 15, 2019 · On April 10, Jem Bendell wrote a detailed and thoughtful article in response to my critique of Deep Adaptation, “What Will You Say to Your Grandchildren.”Missing: biography background<|separator|>
[60]
Our Actions Create the Future: A Response to Jem Bendell
Apr 11, 2019 · The evidence that climate change is a serious problem that we must contend with now, is overwhelming on its own. There is no need to overstate ...
[61]
Two cheers for collapse? On the uses and abuses of the societal ...
Jan 16, 2023 · The faulty science, doomism, and flawed conclusions of Deep Adaptation. openDemocracy, 14 July. https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/oureconomy ...
[62]
Founder of collapse platform Deep Adaptation, Jem Bendell, is ...
Founder of collapse platform Deep Adaptation, Jem Bendell, is promoting right-wing individuals and ideas. When we raised our concerns, he suggested we are ...
[63]
Our Humanity Dictates that the Collapse of Other Societies Matters ...
Apr 28, 2025 · Destroying the agricultural heritage of Palestine in 2025 has sad echoes ... By Prof Jem Bendell / living with metacrisis and collapse […].
[64]
Staying Curious During Collapse - Prof Jem Bendell
Jul 24, 2024 · ... Jeremy Lent) and a book I co-edited in 2021 (where my co-editor had ... Jem Bendell argued that nuclear meltdowns will lead to human extinction.
[65]
I was wrong to conclude collapse is inevitable... - LinkedIn
Apr 17, 2023 · When I concluded that societal collapse is inevitable, nearly 5 years ago, it may have been one of the reasons my Deep Adaptation paper ...Missing: rejections arXiv
[66]
Prof Jem Bendell – living with metacrisis and collapse
Prof Jem Bendell. living with metacrisis and collapse ... The transcript of a speech delivered in Stroud, UK on 13th Sept 2025, by Professor Jem Bendell.The study on collapse they... · Sustainable Development · Consciousness · ReligionMissing: University Cumbria
[67]
Deep adaptation: a map for navigating climate tragedy - Insight
Apr 16, 2025 · The purpose of this conceptual paper is to provide readers with an opportunity to reassess their work and life in the face of an inevitable near term social ...
[68]
Climate Honesty – are we 'beyond catastrophe'? - Prof Jem Bendell
Nov 6, 2022 · In Beyond Catastrophe, he argues that whereas the bad news is that climate impacts are worse than anticipated and we are heading for a disrupted ...
[69]
Breaking Together: A freedom-loving response to collapse ...
This book is about the collapse of modern societies and how monetary systems have caused harm to both people and nature. It argues that reclaiming our freedoms ...
[70]
Collapse-relevant publications in 2024 - Prof Jem Bendell
Dec 10, 2024 · The Deep Adaptation Review is an independently produced look back at the year on the topic of collapse readiness.Missing: 2018 | Show results with:2018
[71]
Some reasonable essays on collapse - Prof Jem Bendell
Dec 18, 2024 · In my annual personal update (not the Deep Adaptation Review), I included a summary of the essays I wrote in 2024. I thought it useful also ...
[72]
Prof Bendell marks 5 years of the Deep Adaptation movement
Nov 2, 2024 · In April 2024, Professor Jem Bendell delivered a speech to mark the 5th anniversary of the start of the Deep Adaptation movement, ...
[73]
Talks - Prof Jem Bendell
I advised on strategic communication, co-wrote speeches, and some of the manifesto. I went on to train some of the current backroom staff for PM Keir Starmer, ...
[74]
Postapocalyptic narratives in climate activism: their place and impact ...
Sep 1, 2021 · Bendell's call for a shift in focus to 'preparation' has become highly influential in some CCMs, with the above quote appearing in the XR ...<|separator|>
[75]
The Magic of the Metacrisis - Prof Jem Bendell
May 12, 2025 · The term appears to help people consider the crumbling of old ideas and identities with less fear and resistance than discussing “societal ...
[76]
https://jembendell.com/tag/metacrisis-mentors/