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Revox

Revox is a Swiss brand specializing in high-end audio equipment, renowned for pioneering reel-to-reel tape recorders and evolving into advanced multiroom and smart home audio systems that deliver studio-quality sound.^[1] Founded in 1948 by Willi Studer as "Willi Studer, Factory for Electronic Equipment" in Herisau, Switzerland, the company initially produced oscilloscopes for high-voltage laboratories and early tape recording devices under the Dynavox name.^[1] The Revox brand was established to target the premium home hi-fi market, distinguishing it from the professional Studer line, with the first Revox product being the T26 tape recorder in the early 1950s, a high-fidelity device adopted by broadcasters for its precision and reliability.^[1] Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, Revox gained acclaim for its 36-series stereo tape recorders, such as the D36, which set standards for domestic audio reproduction with innovative features like dual-speed operation and robust build quality.^[1] The 1970s marked Revox's peak in analog audio innovation, exemplified by the A77 reel-to-reel tape deck, a bestseller that integrated an FM tuner and amplifier, earning international awards for its engineering excellence and sound fidelity.^[1] As digital technologies emerged in the 1980s and 1990s, Revox adapted by developing cassette decks, CD players, the B790 quartz-controlled turntable (introduced late 1970s), and the Scala 3.6 digital speakers to address acoustic challenges like runtime delays, while maintaining a commitment to minimalist design and superior acoustics.^[1] In the 2000s, the brand shifted toward integrated systems, introducing the M51 modular multiroom system supporting up to four zones for distributed audio.^[1] Today, as part of the Revox Group with over 77 years of heritage, Revox focuses on contemporary solutions such as the STUDIOART series of compact, multi-source speakers (A100, P100, B100), the high-end T700 turntable with built-in MC phono preamplifier, the V400 Multiuser Server for seamless streaming and control via apps or voice assistants, and the revived B77 MK III reel-to-reel tape recorder (announced 2025).^[1] ^[2] The 2021 acquisition of purSonic expanded Revox's portfolio into invisible and architectural speakers, enhancing smart home integrations, followed by the 2024 acquisition of Horch House for analog master tape production.^[1] ^[3] Revox products are celebrated for their durability, innovative engineering, and timeless aesthetic, appealing to audiophiles seeking uncompromising performance in both heritage analog and modern digital formats.^[4]

History

Founding and Early Innovations (1948–1960)

Willi Studer founded the "Willi Studer, Factory for Electronic Equipment" on January 5, 1948, in Herisau, Switzerland, employing three people to produce oscilloscopes for high-voltage laboratories.^[5] This venture marked Studer's entry into precision electronics amid the post-World War II economic recovery in Europe, where demand for advanced technical instruments surged due to reconstruction efforts and emerging consumer technologies.^[6] In 1949, the company pivoted toward audio equipment by developing its first reel-to-reel tape recorders, initially marketed under the Dynavox brand.^[7] On March 27, 1951, Studer registered the Revox trademark specifically for consumer audio devices, establishing it as a distinct line parallel to the professional Studer brand.^[8] That same year, Revox launched its debut product, the T26 tape recorder—a modified version of the Dynavox—which found applications in broadcasting and was priced at 1,395 Swiss francs for the standard model, with a total of 2,500 units produced by the end of its run in 1954.^[1]^[8] Key advancements followed with the introduction of the A36 in 1954, featuring a three-motor drive, push-button controls, and solenoid operations for enhanced reliability and user convenience over prior models.^[9] In 1956, the B36 debuted as the first three-head Revox recorder, enabling real-time monitoring of recordings directly from the tape for improved audio quality control.^[10] These innovations positioned Revox as a high-fidelity option for amateur and home users, complementing the professional-grade Studer equipment amid growing postwar interest in magnetic tape technology for personal recording and playback.^[11] To meet rising production needs, Studer established manufacturing operations in Säckingen, Germany, in 1955 to handle metalworking and assembly.^[12] By 1960, the company opened a new factory in Regensdorf, Switzerland, expanding capacity for Revox's consumer-oriented production while maintaining its focus on precision engineering.^[13]

Growth and Iconic Tape Recorders (1961–1989)

During the 1960s, Revox expanded its focus on high-fidelity audio for home use by entering the stereo era, building on its earlier mono tape recorder foundations. The company launched the D36 in 1960, marking the first stereo open-reel tape recorder designed for amateur users, including musicians, with capabilities for 2- or 4-track recording and a newly developed amplifier section optimized for stereo playback.^[6]^[1] This model retained mechanical elements from prior series while introducing electronics tailored for stereo, enabling broader adoption among hi-fi enthusiasts seeking professional-grade sound at home.^[14] By the mid-1960s, Revox's production scaled significantly to meet growing demand in Europe, where it positioned itself as a premium brand for discerning audiophiles due to its Swiss engineering precision and reliability.^[15] The 1967 introduction of the A77 series represented a pinnacle in Revox's analog tape recorder lineup, featuring a modular design that allowed integration with FM tuners and amplifiers for seamless hi-fi systems. Produced until 1977, the A77 utilized a three-motor transport with electronic switching for silent operation and cool running, delivering superior frequency response and low noise compared to its tube-based predecessors.^[16] Over 400,000 units were sold worldwide across its variants, underscoring its status as a bestseller in the semi-professional and home audio markets.^[6] In the 1970s, the A77 was frequently paired with Revox's AX series speakers and dedicated amplifiers, forming complete integrated systems that emphasized balanced, high-fidelity reproduction for living room setups.^[17] Revox continued innovating with the B77 in 1977, an evolution of the A77 that incorporated direct-drive capstan motors for enhanced speed stability and updated solid-state electronics for improved signal-to-noise ratios.^[18] This model maintained the modular ethos, supporting optional accessories like remote controls and extended tape paths, and became a staple for both home and light professional use through the 1980s.^[19] Complementing these reel-to-reel icons, Revox ventured into cassettes with the B710 in the late 1970s, a microprocessor-controlled deck aimed at bridging professional tape quality with compact formats.^[20] By the 1980s, the B215 cassette deck, introduced in 1985, elevated this line with Dolby noise reduction, auto-reverse, and automatic bias calibration, positioning Revox as a leader in high-end analog cassette technology.^[21] For professional applications, the PR99 Mk II, released in 1985, offered a robust 1/4-inch reel-to-reel recorder with variable speeds up to 15 ips and IEC equalization, serving as a versatile tool for studios, broadcasting, and education.^[22] This period's growth was bolstered by key production expansions: in 1966, Revox established a subsidiary factory in Löffingen, Germany, to ramp up output amid labor constraints in Switzerland and increasing European demand.^[15] A second Swiss facility in Regensdorf opened around 1967, further enhancing capacity for the booming 36-series and subsequent models.^[9] The technology's influence extended to iconic recordings, as evidenced by the related Studer J37—Revox's professional counterpart—used by The Beatles in 1967 for multi-track sessions on Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, highlighting the lineage of Studer-Revox engineering in shaping modern music production.^[23]

Ownership Transitions and Product Diversification (1990–2009)

In 1990, Willi Studer sold the Studer Revox Group to Motor-Columbus AG, marking a significant shift amid growing financial pressures on the company.^[6] The following year, 1991, Motor-Columbus restructured the organization by splitting it into separate divisions: the professional audio-focused Studer unit and the consumer hi-fi-oriented Revox brand, with Revox emphasizing diversification into home entertainment products while subsidiaries and manufacturing plants were divested.^[6] By 1994, further reorganization led to the sale of the Studer professional division to Harman International Inc., which integrated it under operational control from its UK-based Soundcraft subsidiary, while the Revox consumer group was transferred to private investors, preserving its independent Swiss operations and brand identity.^[6] This transition allowed Revox to leverage some shared technologies from the broader group, such as those derived from Studer, in its evolving product lineup. Willi Studer, the company's founder, died on March 1, 1996, after a brief illness, at the age of 84.^[24] Amid the industry's rapid move from analog to digital formats, Revox diversified its portfolio in the 1990s by introducing CD players like the B226, produced from 1986 to 1994 and featuring high-fidelity audio based on Studer engineering principles.^[25] The company also refined its analog offerings, including the B790 turntable with its quartz-locked direct-drive mechanism and linear-tracking tonearm, adapting it for continued consumer appeal.^[26] Entering the video sector, Revox partnered with Loewe to launch its first television product, the E542 plasma display in 1999, noted for its sharp 852x480 resolution and slim design as an early entry in flat-panel technology.^[27] Complementing this, the late 1990s saw the debut of the "Easy Line" multiroom audio system and the B200 audio/video controller, enabling distributed sound and integrated AV control across home environments.^[1] The early 2000s brought further innovation with the 2002 launch of the Re:system M51, a modular multiroom platform supporting up to four independent zones, complete with audio servers for digital music storage and playback, reflecting Revox's adaptation to networked home audio demands.^[28] These developments occurred against a backdrop of corporate instability and the broader challenge of declining analog tape demand, which pushed Revox toward digital, video, and integrated systems to sustain its high-end consumer market position.^[6]

Modern Revival and Analog Renaissance (2010–Present)

Following the challenges of the early 2000s, Revox achieved greater stability under the private ownership of the Swiss-based Revox Group AG, which has emphasized the brand's heritage in high-fidelity audio while incorporating modern technologies such as multiroom streaming and smart home integration.^[1] This period marked a strategic focus on blending analog warmth with digital convenience, allowing Revox to maintain its reputation for studio-quality sound in an era dominated by wireless and networked systems. Key product launches underscored this revival, beginning with the Re:system M100 modular amplifier in 2010, a compact high-end system featuring a customizable interface and expandable modules for lifelong upgrades.^[28] In 2012, the Joy S119 network receiver followed, offering seamless internet radio, UPnP streaming, and 60 watts per channel output in a sleek aluminum chassis, praised for its low-distortion audio performance.^[29] The momentum continued into the 2020s with the 2020 launch of the Studiomaster T700 turntable, a belt-driven high-end model equipped with an integrated MC phono preamplifier, Ortofon Quintet Bronze cartridge, and precision PLL speed control for precise analog playback.^[30] The analog renaissance gained traction with Revox's reentry into reel-to-reel territory, starting with playback-only machines offered through refurbished programs around 2017 that catered to enthusiasts seeking the superior fidelity of tape over digital formats, building on the brand's historical tape legacy from the mid-20th century.^[1] This culminated in the 2024 announcement of the B77 MK III stereo tape recorder, a full-function 2-track model with updated capstan mechanics and sustainable manufacturing practices using eco-friendly materials; production began in May 2025, including a limited edition of 25 units in collaboration with Alice Cooper, featuring custom black-and-red aesthetics signed by the artist.^[31] In September 2025, Revox announced a partnership with the U.S.-based National Audio Company to produce premium blank and prerecorded cassettes under the Revox and Horch House labels, with market entry planned for Q4 2025 at its Villingen, Germany facility, aiming to revive high-quality cassette as a viable analog medium.^[32] Complementing this, the Studiomaster A200 active speaker was introduced in 2025, a compact room-filling model with built-in amplification and Multiuser 3.0 app compatibility for easy integration into modern audio setups.^[33] Revox expanded its portfolio through strategic moves, including the 2021 acquisition of purSonic GmbH on January 1, which enhanced its offerings in invisible speaker technology for discreet home installations.^[1] The company showcased these innovations at the High End Munich exhibition from May 15 to 18, 2025, in Hall 2 (booth G02/J03), highlighting analog products alongside smart home solutions.^[34] As of 2025, marking over 75 years since its 1948 founding, Revox's ethos centers on fusing analog revival—exemplified by tape and vinyl systems—with intelligent connectivity, ensuring enduring appeal for audiophiles in a hybrid audio landscape.^[35]

Core Audio Products

Reel-to-Reel Tape Recorders

Revox reel-to-reel tape recorders primarily utilized 1/4-inch wide magnetic tape, a standard format for high-fidelity audio applications that allowed for stereo recording and playback with sufficient track separation.^[36] These machines typically operated at tape speeds of 7.5 inches per second (ips) for extended play and 15 ips for higher quality, balancing duration and fidelity on standard open-reel spools up to 10.5 inches in diameter.^[37] Equalization standards included both NAB (North American Broadcast) and IEC/CCIR (International Electrotechnical Commission/Comité Consultatif International des Radiocommunications) curves, enabling compatibility with a range of professional and consumer tapes while minimizing frequency response anomalies.^[38] Modular construction was a hallmark, with interchangeable heads, upgradable electronics, and serviceable mechanical assemblies that facilitated long-term maintenance and performance enhancements over decades of use.^[19] The G36, introduced in 1963, marked Revox's entry into semi-professional territory with its robust three-motor design and tube-based amplification, delivering reliable performance for home and studio dubbing tasks.^[39] It featured a solid integral casting for the capstan motor and pinch roller assembly, ensuring stable tape transport at speeds of 3.75 and 7.5 ips, though it lacked the solid-state advancements of later models.^[37] Successor to earlier tube designs, the G36 emphasized durability with Permalloy heads for stereo operation and supported reel sizes up to 10.5 inches, making it a bridge between amateur and pro-level recording.^[40] Launched in 1967 and produced until 1977, the A77 represented a significant leap with its three-motor configuration, including a servo-controlled capstan for precise speed regulation, and electronic logic for automated functions like tape end detection via photoelectric sensors.^[41] This model achieved worldwide sales exceeding 300,000 units, underscoring its appeal to audiophiles for its solid-state electronics and bias oscillator at 120 kHz, which improved high-frequency response over predecessors like the G36.^[41] Variants included the A77/4 for four-track quarter-track operation, alongside options for half-track stereo and low-speed models like the A77 SLS for extended recording up to 12 hours at 1.875 ips, all sharing disengageable Dolby B noise reduction for enhanced dynamic range.^[16] The B77 series, introduced in 1977 with production extending into the 1990s, refined the A77's architecture through direct-drive AC servo capstan motors that eliminated belts for superior speed stability and reduced wow and flutter to less than 0.08% at 7.5 ips.^[42] The Mk I version (1977–1980) focused on core reliability, while the Mk II (1980–1998) added built-in vari-speed control (±7 semitones) and revised audio circuits.^[43] These machines supported both 7.5 and 15 ips speeds, with modular head assemblies allowing switches between stereo and multi-track modes.^[44] In 2025, Revox revived the B77 lineage with the Mk III, a limited-production stereo model restricted to 20 units per month due to high demand and specialized manufacturing, featuring updated electronics for modern compatibility while retaining the original direct-drive mechanics.^[45] This version supports both playback and recording on 1/4-inch tape at 7.5 and 15 ips, with redesigned audio paths incorporating low-noise op-amps and a new capstan shaft forged from five tons of steel for enhanced precision.^[46] Revox reel-to-reel recorders found primary use in home hi-fi environments for archiving vinyl and broadcast sources, as well as professional dubbing from master tapes, offering a warm analog sound prized by enthusiasts.^[47] Their compatibility with Studer professional tapes stemmed from shared manufacturing heritage, allowing seamless integration of high-grade media like Ampex or BASF formulations for optimal results.^[6] Key technical specifications across flagship models like the A77 and B77 included a frequency response of 30 Hz to 20 kHz (±2 dB at 15 ips), ensuring faithful reproduction of full-range audio.^[19] Signal-to-noise ratios exceeded 70 dB when equipped with Dolby B noise reduction, surpassing unprocessed levels of 64–67 dB and minimizing tape hiss in quiet passages.^[48]

Cassette and Other Tape Formats

Revox entered the compact cassette market in the late 1970s with the B710, a basic hi-fi stereo deck designed for consumer playback and recording.^[49] This single-cassette model featured a four-motor drive system, including dual capstans for stable tape transport, and supported Dolby B noise reduction to enhance audio fidelity on standard Type I tapes.^[50] With a tape speed of 4.78 cm/s and wow-and-flutter specification below 0.1%, the B710 offered reliable performance for home use, though it lacked advanced calibration adjustments.^[49] Its aluminum chassis and microprocessor-controlled operation contributed to a signal-to-noise ratio of 72 dB, positioning it as an entry-level option in Revox's analog lineup.^[51] In the 1980s, Revox advanced its cassette offerings with the B215, a three-head, four-motor deck that supported professional-grade features for both recording and playback.^[52] Equipped with Dolby B, C, and HX Pro noise reduction, as well as compatibility for metal (Type IV) tapes, the B215 achieved a frequency response of 30 Hz to 18 kHz on Type I tapes and up to 20 kHz on chrome and metal formulations.^[21] Its dual-capstan, direct-drive transport, powered by quartz-controlled DC motors, minimized wow and flutter to under 0.1%, ensuring precise tape handling during sessions.^[53] Microprocessor-assisted automatic calibration adjusted bias, equalization, and levels for optimal results across tape types, while a real-time counter and optional remote control enhanced usability.^[54] By contrast, the company focused primarily on compact cassettes as a more portable alternative to its reel-to-reel predecessors, which had set benchmarks for high-fidelity analog recording. In September 2025, Revox announced a partnership with the U.S.-based National Audio Company to revive premium cassette production at its Villingen, Germany facility.^[32] This collaboration installs National Audio's production line for high-quality music duplication, targeting labels and artists with releases under Revox and Horch House branding slated for the fourth quarter of 2025.^[55] These cassette decks bridged the gap between Revox's professional reel-to-reel machines and emerging digital formats, providing audiophiles with compact, high-performance options for home and portable analog playback in an era of transitioning audio technologies.^[56]

Turntables and Analog Sources

Revox entered the turntable market in the 1980s with the B790, a direct-drive model featuring quartz-locked speed control and a tangential tonearm designed to minimize tracking errors and resist record warps.^[57] The B790's ultra-short Linatrack tonearm, measuring just 4 cm and weighing around 40 grams with cartridge, ensured precise linear tracking while maintaining low mass for optimal stylus performance.^[58] Its speed accuracy of ±0.01% provided exceptional stability, making it a benchmark for analog playback during an era dominated by digital transitions.^[59] In 2020, Revox reintroduced turntables with the Studiomaster T700, a belt-drive model emphasizing high-fidelity vinyl reproduction through premium materials and engineering.^[30] The T700 features a 2.85 kg POM platter for high mass and low resonance, paired with an aluminum sub-platter and a carbon fiber tonearm tube to dampen vibrations and enhance clarity.^[30] Speed stability is achieved via quartz PLL electronic control with a contactless optical sensor, yielding a variation of less than 0.1% and tolerance of ±0.02%, ensuring consistent playback free from wow and flutter.^[30] The turntable includes an integrated adjustable MC phono preamplifier compatible with both moving magnet (MM) and moving coil (MC) cartridges, such as the pre-mounted Ortofon Quintet Bronze, and offers seamless integration with Revox amplifiers like the M500 and Joy series through galvanically isolated outputs.^[30] These turntables complement Revox's reel-to-reel offerings, appealing to analog purists seeking vinyl dubbing and playback synergy in one ecosystem.^[60] In the lineup, they underscore Revox's commitment to analog revival, with the T700 prominently featured in demonstrations at High End Munich 2025 to highlight its role in modern high-end audio setups.^[60] Swiss engineering principles guide Revox's turntable production, prioritizing vibration isolation through high-mass designs, optimized bearings, and resonance-tuned components to deliver studio-grade performance with minimal external interference.^[61]

Integrated Systems and Components

Amplifiers and CD Players

Revox amplifiers emerged in the 1970s as essential companions to the brand's renowned tape recorders, particularly the A77 model. The A78 integrated amplifier, rated at 2 × 40 watts, provided clean power and low distortion to form a cohesive hi-fi system alongside the A76 FM tuner. This setup translated professional studio standards into consumer audio, emphasizing reliability and sonic accuracy for playback of analog sources like reel-to-reel tapes.^[62] In the modern period, Revox revived its amplification lineup with the M100 stereo amplifier, introduced in 2010 as part of a modular hi-fi platform. Designed with a Class AB topology and an aluminum chassis for thermal efficiency and durability, the M100 delivers 2 × 200 watts per channel into 8 ohms (sinusoidal), supporting expandable configurations while maintaining low noise floors suitable for high-resolution audio. Its versatile inputs, including balanced XLR options in professional variants, ensure compatibility with both legacy and contemporary sources, bridging Revox's analog heritage with digital integration.^[63] Revox's CD players marked the brand's foray into digital audio during the late 1980s, with the B225 serving as an early flagship single-disc model. Equipped with dual Philips TDA1540 digital-to-analog converters offering 14-bit resolution and a CDM-0 or CDM-1 transport mechanism, the B225 achieved a frequency response of 2 Hz to 20 kHz and a dynamic range exceeding 96 dB, with total harmonic distortion below 0.006%. Built from 1984 onward, it prioritized mechanical stability and precise error correction to deliver transparent sound in hi-fi environments.^[64]^[65] The B226, produced from 1986 to 1994, refined this approach with upgrades including the Philips TDA1541 16-bit DAC, enhanced jitter reduction via improved clock synchronization, and an optional infrared remote control for user convenience. It maintained low distortion under 0.005% across its 20 Hz to 20 kHz bandwidth while adding variable outputs for integration with amplifiers like the B251 series.^[66] These components formed the backbone of Revox hi-fi stacks, enabling seamless transitions between analog tape decks and emerging digital formats. Amplifiers and CD players emphasized minimal signal path interference, with features like balanced XLR inputs on select models reducing noise in professional setups and achieving distortion levels below 0.005% to preserve audio purity.^[67]

Multiroom Audio Systems

Revox pioneered multiroom audio solutions in the 1990s with the introduction of the Easy Line system, a wired setup that enabled distributed audio playback across multiple rooms using peripheral switching commands integrated with the B200 audio/video controller.^[1] This innovation marked Revox's entry into networked home audio, allowing synchronized or independent zone control for hi-fi components.^[1] In 2002, Revox advanced this concept with the Re:system M51, a modular audio-video system supporting up to four independent multiroom zones where different sources could play simultaneously.^[1] The M51 served as a central hub with audio servers, expandable for whole-home distribution and compatible with amplifier bases like the M100.^[1] The 2000s saw further refinements with the M10 compact controller, part of the Re:system M100 series, which streamlined multiroom management in smaller setups while maintaining expandability into full systems.^[1] By the 2010s, Revox introduced the V400 Multiuser Server, leveraging the proprietary Voxnet protocol—an Ethernet-based text protocol for streaming and control—to deliver high-fidelity audio from sources like internet radio, UPnP media servers, and zone-synced playback across multiple users and rooms.^[68] Key features of these systems include support for internet radio, UPnP integration for local network streaming, and flexible zone synchronization, all controllable via dedicated apps.^[68] Recent enhancements incorporate the STUDIO CONTROL C200, an Android-based touch controller certified by Google, which unifies audio management with broader smart home functions.^[69] The Joy Audio Network Receiver supports multiroom capabilities with seamless connectivity to services like Tidal and Spotify while supporting app-based control and high-resolution streaming.

Speakers and Acoustics

Revox entered the loudspeaker market in 1970 with the Series 46, its inaugural line of floorstanding speakers designed to pair with the brand's high-fidelity playback devices like the A77 and A76 tape recorders. These early models emphasized robust construction and balanced acoustic performance to reproduce the full dynamic range of analog sources.^[1] The AX series, launched in the mid-1970s, introduced compact 3-way bookshelf speakers such as the AX3-3, featuring dedicated bass, midrange, and tweeter drivers for precise sound reproduction across the frequency spectrum. These speakers were developed in Revox's German facility in Nellenburg and became emblematic of the brand's commitment to audiophile-grade acoustics during a decade of expansion.^[1]^[70] In 1983, Revox released the Symbol B, a premium three-way sealed-box floorstander with a highly rigid, braced enclosure to minimize resonances and ensure tight bass response. This model, produced until the mid-1980s, incorporated high-quality drivers including dual woofers for enhanced low-end extension, reflecting Revox's focus on controlled acoustic environments over ported designs. The Scala 4.7, introduced in 1994, marked a significant advancement as one of the first digital active speakers from Revox, integrating built-in amplification and digital signal processing to optimize crossover points and runtime delays for improved phase alignment and lifelike sound staging. This transmission-line design, followed by the similar Scala 3.6 in 1996, prioritized conceptual fidelity by addressing digital audio challenges like latency, delivering a performance close to live acoustics.^[1] Entering the 2000s, the Re:sound series brought modern compact solutions, such as the 2-way bass reflex shelf speakers with a 100 mm woofer and 19 mm dome tweeter, offering 60 W nominal power handling in a space-efficient format for contemporary home setups. These models maintained Revox's heritage of coherent imaging through simple yet effective enclosure geometries.^[71] Revox's recent STUDIOART lineup, developed in the 2020s, includes the active A100 room speaker with a 70 mm full-range driver and frequency response of 52 Hz to 20 kHz, the passive P100 as its wired counterpart for stereo pairing, and the B100 wireless bass module extending low frequencies down to 35 Hz. These aluminum-housed units support bi-amping configurations via external amplification and emphasize phase coherence through aligned driver timing.^[72]^[73] In 2021, Revox acquired purSonic GmbH, incorporating its innovative invisible in-wall speakers like the INV series, which use ultra-thin surface transducers for seamless integration under plaster, paint, or wallpaper without visible grilles, providing high-efficiency sound dispersion for custom installations.^[1] The STUDIOART S100 Audiobar, a 3.1-channel active soundbar, features dual-port bass reflex loading and a frequency range of 44 Hz to 20 kHz, supporting bi-amped low-frequency drivers for cinematic audio. In 2025, Revox unveiled the STUDIOMASTER A200, a portable active room speaker with bass reflex technology and multiroom compatibility, delivering studio-grade fidelity in a battery-powered design as of November 2025.^[74]^[33]

Innovations and Legacy

Technological Milestones

Revox pioneered several key innovations in audio engineering, particularly in tape recording and playback technologies, beginning in the mid-20th century. The company's early advancements focused on enhancing precision and usability for consumer-grade equipment, drawing from professional studio expertise developed under founder Willi Studer. These milestones established Revox as a leader in high-fidelity analog reproduction, influencing subsequent developments in both analog and digital audio systems.^[1] In 1956, Revox introduced the B36 tape recorder, marking the first consumer model with a three-head configuration that allowed simultaneous monitoring of recording and playback signals through separate record and replay heads. This design enabled amateurs to achieve professional-level results, such as off-tape monitoring for immediate quality assessment, while incorporating a three-motor drive for stable tape transport. The B36's innovation democratized advanced tape technology, producing over 2,500 units annually by the late 1950s and setting a benchmark for hobbyist audio equipment.^[10]^[75] The Revox A77, launched in 1967, advanced tape transport mechanisms with an integrated logic control circuit that managed relay-based operations, ensuring reliable and damage-resistant handling. This logic-controlled system, combined with a servo-regulated capstan motor maintaining speeds of 19 cm/s and 9.5 cm/s within ±0.2% accuracy, eliminated mechanical wear from belts or couplings and supported versatile positioning (horizontal, vertical, or inclined). The A77's three-motor design and electrically actuated brakes further minimized wow and flutter to ≤0.08% at higher speeds, making it a staple for audiophiles and professionals alike, with over 80,000 predecessor 36-series units paving the way for its success.^[76]^[77] During the 1980s, Revox innovated in vinyl playback with the B790 turntable, featuring a tangential tonearm that tracked records linearly, mimicking the cutting lathe's motion to reduce distortion and wear. This servo-controlled, pneumatically damped arm, paired with a quartz-locked direct-drive motor achieving ±0.01% speed stability at 33⅓ and 45 rpm, ensured precise stylus placement and minimal tracking error. The B790's electronic servo system and 4-digit LED speed display represented a sophisticated yet user-friendly approach to high-end analog sources, addressing common pivot-based arm limitations.^[78]^[79] As digital technologies emerged, Revox ventured into video with the E542 plasma television in 1999, one of the earliest consumer models offering razor-sharp 852x480 resolution in a flat-panel format. This integration of plasma display technology with audio expertise highlighted Revox's adaptability, providing immersive home theater experiences through advanced picture reproduction and built-in cooling systems, though audible fans were a noted trade-off.^[1]^[27] In the 2010s, Revox developed the Voxnet protocol for its Multiuser system, enabling lossless, synchronized multiroom audio streaming over Ethernet with CD-quality (16-bit/44.1 kHz) delivery across zones. This proprietary text-based protocol supported external integrations like KNX and AirPlay, allowing seamless control of diverse sources while maintaining studio-grade fidelity without compression artifacts, positioning Revox as a pioneer in IP-based home audio networks.^[80]^[81] Revox's analog revival in 2025 included the B77 MK III tape recorder, featuring an updated direct-drive capstan shaft machined from high-grade Swiss steel with concentricity tolerances of 0.001 mm across 17 production steps. This precision engineering, using five tons of material for the initial batch, compensates for minute speed variations via servo control, achieving wow and flutter below 0.08% and supporting tapes up to 26.5 cm reels for extended playback. The design revives the iconic B77 series with modern manufacturing for superior stability and sound quality.^[46]^[82] That same year, Revox partnered with National Audio Company Inc. to launch high-resolution cassette production, installing a dedicated line at its Villingen facility for Type II chrome-compatible tapes optimized for studio-quality recording and playback. This collaboration enables duplication of Revox's music catalog at resolutions supporting full analog frequency response (up to 20 kHz), with premium casings and formulations exceeding standard consumer cassettes, targeting audiophiles seeking uncompressed analog media. Market entry occurred in Q4 2025, expanding global access outside North America.^[83]^[84] Revox contributed to audio standards through early adoption and implementation of NAB tape equalization in its recorders, such as the A77 and B77 series, which included switchable NAB/CCIR modes for compatible playback of American and European tapes (NAB emphasizing 50 Hz/3.18 kHz poles for broader bass response). This facilitated cross-regional use without sonic degradation, aligning with NAB's 1953 curve for open-reel formats. Additionally, Revox integrated quartz control in turntables like the B790 and B795, using crystal oscillators for locked speed regulation (±0.01%), which became a de facto standard for precision analog playback in the 1980s and beyond.^[85]^[86]

Cultural Impact and Recent Collaborations

Revox's A77 and B77 reel-to-reel tape recorders emerged as iconic symbols in the 1970s audiophile community, prized for their professional-grade sound quality and reliability that bridged home hi-fi with studio environments.^[16] These machines were particularly favored by dedicated enthusiasts who valued their modular design and ability to handle open-reel tapes, which were expensive and less accessible than vinyl records, fostering a cult following among those seeking unparalleled audio fidelity.^[87] Their cultural significance extended to professional music production, where modifications like the "Abbey Road mod"—developed to optimize input circuitry—gained prominence due to their adoption at Abbey Road Studios for demo recordings and mastering sessions.^[88] In the broader audio industry, Revox products established benchmarks for home studio performance during the analog era, influencing standards for precision engineering and sound reproduction that persisted into professional workflows.^[89] The A77 and B77, in particular, democratized high-end tape technology for domestic use, enabling audiophiles to achieve near-studio results and inspiring a generation of home recording setups.^[90] This legacy has fueled a resurgence in the 2020s amid the analog revival, where vinyl and tape enthusiasts drive demand for premium formats, positioning Revox as a leader in restoring authentic, uncompressed audio experiences.^[91] The brand's focus on unaltered master tapes and revived classics appeals to this niche, capitalizing on a growing appreciation for tangible media in an increasingly digital landscape.^[92] Recent collaborations underscore Revox's enduring appeal and adaptability. In April 2025, Revox partnered with rock icon Alice Cooper to release a limited-edition B77 MK III stereo tape recorder, producing just 25 units worldwide in a distinctive black-and-red aesthetic inspired by Cooper's stage persona, complete with exclusive master tapes of his music.^[93] This edition not only celebrates analog playback but also ties into Cooper's advocacy for high-fidelity audio, with events planned in Munich and the US to showcase the machines.^[2] Complementing this, Revox announced a cooperation with National Audio Company Inc. in September 2025 to manufacture high-quality audio cassettes at its German facility, marking the brand's entry into cassette production alongside its reel-to-reel offerings.^[83] This partnership includes a Q4 2025 launch of music cassettes developed with a major label, aiming to deliver studio-mastered analog sound to a broader audience.^[55] Revox maintained a strong presence at the High End Munich 2025 exhibition from May 15-18, exhibiting in Hall 2 (booth G02/J03) to demonstrate its full range, including the Alice Cooper edition and innovative audio systems.^[34] The event highlighted the brand's commitment to live demonstrations of premium analog and speaker technologies.^[94] Earlier that year, in July 2025, Revox released a company video commemorating its 75-year milestone since 1948, emphasizing pioneering contributions to audio standards and the timeless value of true-to-original sound.^[89] On a broader scale, Revox has shifted toward sustainable practices in its premium analog lineup, aligning with an eco-conscious market that prioritizes durable, long-lasting products over disposable digital alternatives.^[95] By focusing on recyclable materials and high-quality manufacturing in Europe, the brand appeals to environmentally aware consumers seeking ethical, heirloom-grade audio equipment that reduces electronic waste.^[84] This approach reinforces Revox's role in a revival movement that values analog's warmth and permanence, fostering a cultural reconnection with physical media in sustainable living contexts.^[96]

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