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SQ

'''SQ''' is a three-letter or initialism that may refer to multiple concepts in various fields.

Aviation and transport

Singapore Airlines

, the of , operates under the IATA code SQ. The was founded on January 28, 1972, following the dissolution of Malaysia-Singapore Airlines (), which had been established in 1963 as a between the governments of and . This merger reversal stemmed from differing national aviation priorities, with seeking to develop its own independent carrier focused on international routes, leading to the official designation of SQ for the new entity. The abbreviation SQ officially derives from "Singapore," as assigned by the (IATA), though early branding in the 1970s popularized the interpretation as "Superior Quality" to emphasize excellence. Renowned for its premium , Singapore Airlines consistently ranks among the world's top airlines, earning accolades for cabin crew attentiveness, in-flight amenities, and overall passenger experience. As of November 2025, together with its low-cost subsidiary , the airline group serves over 120 destinations across 46 countries, primarily through its hub at , one of the busiest and most acclaimed aviation facilities globally, while Singapore Airlines alone operates to about 78 international destinations in 34 countries. Singapore Airlines maintains a modern fleet of 145 passenger aircraft as of November 2025, including wide-body models like the and 787, enabling efficient long-haul operations. In October 2025, the airline retired its final 737-800, completing the transition to newer 737-8 models. This configuration supports its role as a key connector in the region, with serving as the central hub for both departures and arrivals.

Military squadron

In military contexts, SQ is an abbreviation for , a fundamental organizational unit in air forces, navies, and armies that serves as a basic fighting formation. Historically derived from the "squadrone" meaning a square formation or , the term originated in the to describe subunits consisting of 100 to 200 mounted troops arranged for tactical maneuvers. Over time, its application expanded beyond ground forces; in , squadrons emerged during as dedicated units for aerial operations, with the U.S. Army's 1st Aero formed in 1913 to support and combat missions. Today, an aviation squadron typically comprises 12 to 24 aircraft, along with associated personnel and support elements, enabling coordinated strikes, patrols, or transport roles, while naval and armored squadrons similarly organize ships, submarines, or vehicles into cohesive tactical groups. In the United States , a represents the primary operational level, commanded by a and subdivided into three to six flights—each flight being a smaller team of 4 to 6 aircraft focused on specific tasks like or . This structure allows squadrons to execute missions independently or integrate into larger wings, with personnel ranging from 35 to over 700 depending on the unit's function, such as fighter, bomber, or logistics operations. Notable examples illustrate the squadron's enduring role. The Royal Air Force's No. 1 Squadron, the oldest active unit in RAF history, traces its origins to 1878 as No. 1 Balloon Company for aerial observation, evolving into a by and continuing in modern multirole capacities with advanced aircraft like the . In contemporary operations, squadrons from member nations, such as Romania's F-16 units, contribute to collective air defense through rotations in air policing missions, ensuring rapid response across Allied .

Businesses and finance

Block, Inc.

is a company that trades on the under the , previously SQ until a change in January 2025. The company was founded in 2009 by and as Square, Inc., initially focusing on simplifying payment processing for small businesses through a compact device. In December 2021, Square rebranded to to encompass its expanding ecosystem beyond payments, including transfers and music streaming, while retaining SQ as its ticker at the time. Block's core offerings include Square for payment processing and point-of-sale solutions, for and remittances, and —rebranded as Cash App Afterpay in 2025—for buy-now-pay-later services integrated into purchases. These services enable merchants to accept card payments, manage inventory, and access business loans, while consumers benefit from fee-free transfers and installment financing without interest. As of November 2025, Block's stands at approximately $40 billion, reflecting its scale in the sector. The company went public in November 2015 with an priced at $9 per share under the SQ ticker, raising about $243 million and valuing the firm at around $2.9 billion at the time. The 2021 rebranding to highlighted its diversification into areas like and content platforms, aiming to build tools for economic empowerment. In 2025, has accelerated its expansion into and banking, launching integrated payment solutions for small businesses via Square's hardware and developing a full-stack banking suite to enable seamless crypto transactions and custody. This includes enhanced banking features in , such as direct deposits and AI-driven financial tools, positioning as a leader in blending traditional with digital assets amid growing regulatory acceptance.

Service quality metrics

In business and organizational standards, SQ stands for , a critical used to evaluate the effectiveness of delivery within various frameworks. One prominent model for assessing SQ is , which quantifies the gap between customer expectations and actual service experiences to identify areas for improvement. The framework measures SQ across five key dimensions: tangibles (physical facilities, equipment, and appearance of personnel), reliability (ability to perform the promised service dependably and accurately), (willingness to help customers and provide prompt service), assurance ( and courtesy of employees and their ability to inspire trust and confidence), and (caring, individualized attention provided to customers). These dimensions are typically evaluated using a 22-item that rates perceptions on a , enabling organizations to compute scores and prioritize enhancements. Developed in by A. Parasuraman, Valarie A. Zeithaml, and Leonard L. Berry, the model originated from in and has since become a foundational tool for . SERVQUAL's application extends to diverse sectors, including , where it assesses guest experiences in hotels and restaurants, and , particularly banking, to gauge transaction reliability and . In , SQ metrics are formalized under the TL 9000 , a that requires reporting on service conformance criteria such as provisioning, , and assistance to ensure industry-wide reliability. This builds on ISO 9001 by incorporating telecom-specific SQ indicators, like on-time delivery rates and fault resolution times, to drive continuous improvement in service provision.

Psychology and personal development

Social quotient

The social quotient (SQ) is a psychological metric used to assess an individual's level of social maturity, , and interpersonal functioning, serving as a complementary measure to the (IQ) in evaluating overall developmental status, particularly in children with learning disabilities or impairments. Developed by Edgar Doll in 1935 as part of the (VSMS), SQ quantifies skills such as , communication, , and in social environments, derived from standardized informant-based assessments. It is calculated as the ratio of social age (based on age-equivalent performance in social tasks) to chronological age, multiplied by 100, with scores standardized to an average of 100 for typical functioning. The VSMS evaluates eight domains of adaptive behavior, including self-direction, communication, , , and , through interviews with caregivers or observers rather than self-reports. Unlike IQ, which emphasizes cognitive abilities, SQ focuses on practical social competencies and is particularly valuable when formal IQ testing is infeasible due to impairments, providing insights into real-world adaptability and informing educational or therapeutic interventions. Research shows SQ correlates moderately with IQ (typically r ≈ 0.5–0.7) but can independently predict outcomes in neurodevelopmental conditions. Low SQ scores are associated with challenges in adaptive functioning and may guide targeted interventions for emotional regulation and peer interactions.

Spiritual quotient

The spiritual quotient (SQ), also known as , refers to the capacity to address and solve problems of meaning, , and existential , enabling individuals to access higher meanings, values, and unconscious aspects of the while fostering beyond the . Coined by Danah Zohar and psychiatrist Ian Marshall in their 2000 book SQ: Connecting with Our Spiritual Intelligence, SQ is described as the fundamental intelligence that underpins holistic thinking, , and the ability to integrate personal experiences with broader universal principles. This concept emphasizes spiritual awareness and meaning-making as essential for personal fulfillment and ethical living, distinct from cognitive or emotional intelligences by its focus on transcendent dimensions. SQ emerged in the early , building on the late surge in interest in practices and , which shifted focus toward human strengths, , and non-material aspects of development. and Marshall's framework drew from quantum physics and neurobiology to argue that SQ allows individuals to navigate complexity and chaos through unitive thinking, promoting a sense of interconnectedness and purpose. Key elements include holistic perception that sees beyond fragmented realities, compassionate engagement with others, and ego-transcendence, which facilitates profound and alignment with deeper values. These components are often assessed using validated tools such as the (SISRI-24), a 24-item scale developed by David B. King in , which measures five core abilities: critical existential thinking, personal meaning production, transcendental awareness, conscious state expansion, and expanded state consciousness. In contemporary contexts, high SQ has been linked to practical benefits, particularly in settings. Recent 2024 research demonstrates that mitigates —stress induced by technology overload—in workplaces with strong ethical climates, enhancing employees' ability to make principled decisions under pressure. Similarly, studies from the same year show SQ's role in reducing work-related by bolstering and emotional regulation, thereby supporting ethical behavior and overall well-being amid demanding organizational environments. These findings underscore SQ's relevance in fostering sustainable and adaptive in an increasingly complex world.

Systemizing quotient

The Systemizing Quotient (SQ) is a psychological measure that assesses an individual's drive to analyze, understand, and construct rule-based systems, such as mechanical, natural, abstract, or social systems governed by predictable patterns. Developed by and colleagues in 2003, it forms a key component of the empathizing-systemizing (E-S) theory, which posits that cognitive styles vary along a continuum of empathizing (focus on emotions and ) versus systemizing (focus on lawful regularities). The SQ is typically measured using the revised Systemizing Quotient (SQ-R), a self-report comprising 75 items that evaluate preferences for systemizing activities on a scale from "strongly agree" to "strongly disagree," with scores ranging from 0 to 150. Higher SQ scores indicate a stronger inclination toward systemizing, which has been found to correlate positively with autistic traits, as measured by tools like the (AQ); for instance, individuals with or score significantly higher on the SQ-R than neurotypical controls. This association supports the extreme male brain theory within the E-S framework, where elevated systemizing alongside reduced empathizing characterizes autism spectrum conditions. In typical populations, sex differences are pronounced: adult males average 30.3 (SD 11.5) on the original SQ, compared to 24.1 (SD 9.5) for females, reflecting a broader tendency for males to exhibit stronger systemizing preferences. These differences align with occupational patterns, as higher SQ scores predict greater interest and success in science, , engineering, and (STEM) fields, where systemizing skills facilitate innovation through and rule application. In contrast to the social quotient, which emphasizes interpersonal and empathizing abilities, the SQ highlights analytical, non-social cognitive strengths within the same E-S theory.

Medicine and healthcare

Subcutaneous administration

Subcutaneous administration, abbreviated as SQ, refers to the delivery of medications via injection into the fatty tissue layer (hypodermis) beneath , allowing for gradual absorption into the bloodstream. This route is particularly useful for drugs that benefit from sustained release, as the subcutaneous tissue has a rich blood supply but slower diffusion compared to muscle or veins. SQ injections are commonly performed in outpatient settings and are a standard method in for managing chronic conditions. The procedure for SQ administration involves selecting an appropriate site, such as the , upper arm, , or outer hip, where there is sufficient subcutaneous fat. A short, fine needle—typically 25-31 and ⅜ to ⅝ inch in length—is used to minimize discomfort and tissue trauma. The skin is pinched to lift the fatty layer, and the needle is inserted at a 45-degree angle (or 90 degrees for thinner individuals or specific devices like insulin pens) to ensure the medication reaches the subcutaneous space without penetrating muscle. Common examples include insulin for control, low-molecular-weight heparin like enoxaparin for preventing blood clots, and vaccines such as MMR or varicella, which are administered in volumes of 0.5 mL or less. Proper technique includes cleaning the site with and massaging gently post-injection to aid dispersion. No is required for SQ injections. The abbreviation SQ is a standard notation in medical prescriptions and records for subcutaneous delivery. It was favored for its specificity in denoting under-skin delivery, which supports slower absorption rates ideal for hormones, anticoagulants, and immunizations, reducing the need for frequent dosing. Modern guidelines from organizations like the Institute for Safe Medication Practices recommend spelling out "subcutaneous" in some contexts to avoid misinterpretation as "5 every" or similar errors. As of 2025 guidelines from health authorities, SQ administration is regarded as a low-risk procedure when performed with aseptic techniques, such as using single-use and proper preparation, resulting in low rates in controlled settings—comparable to or lower than intramuscular routes due to shallower penetration and less vascular disruption. It minimizes risks like or formation associated with deeper injections, though improper rotation can lead to in frequent users like those on insulin. The maximum recommended volume per is 0.5-2 mL to prevent pain, leakage, or formation, with larger volumes split across multiple sites if necessary.

Succinate dehydrogenase

(SDH), also known as succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (SQR) or complex II of the , is a membrane-bound complex embedded in the . It serves a dual role in , functioning both in the tricarboxylic acid () cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, and in the (). As the only shared between these two pathways, SDH links substrate-level phosphorylation in the cycle to in the . The primary function of SDH is to catalyze the reversible oxidation of succinate to fumarate, a key step in the that generates high-energy electrons. These electrons are transferred via (FAD) to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q), contributing to the proton gradient across the essential for ATP synthesis. Structurally, SDH is a heterotetrameric complex composed of four nuclear-encoded subunits: SDHA (a that binds FAD and catalyzes succinate oxidation), SDHB (an iron-sulfur protein cluster that facilitates ), and the membrane-anchoring subunits SDHC and SDHD (which bind ubiquinone and integrate the complex into the ). Mutations in the SDH subunit genes (SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD) are associated with hereditary tumor syndromes, particularly and , due to impaired activity leading to succinate accumulation and disrupted cellular metabolism. mutations in SDHB, for instance, confer high for these neuroendocrine tumors, often presenting as familial paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma syndrome. These mutations disrupt the enzyme's assembly or catalytic function, promoting tumorigenesis through oncometabolite effects like DNA hypermethylation. Recent research as of 2025 has focused on SDH inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for cancers driven by SDH deficiency, such as gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Studies have explored targeted inhibition to exploit metabolic vulnerabilities in SDH-deficient cells, with preclinical and early clinical data showing promise for multikinase inhibitors like olverembatinib in modulating and suppressing tumor growth in SDH-mutant GIST models. In 2025, a documented complete response to therapy in a with metastatic SDH-deficient GIST refractory to prior inhibitors. Clinical updates through late 2025 indicate ongoing trials evaluating systemic therapies, including inhibitors and FGFR inhibitors, for improved in these refractory cases.

Measurements and units

Square (abbreviation)

In measurements of area, the abbreviation "" or "SQ" denotes square units, referring to the area of with sides of a specified , such as sq ft for square feet or sq m for square meters. This notation is widely used to express two-dimensional extent in various fields. The abbreviation is common in real estate for specifying property dimensions, as in a 1,000 sq residence, and in for surface area computations, such as coverage or structural . It derives from the English word "square," which traces back to the Latin quadratus, the past participle of quadrare meaning "to square" or "to make square." Although the (SI) standardizes area symbols with superscripts, such as m² for square meter per ISO 80000-1, the abbreviation "sq" is accepted in informal and technical contexts as an alternative to avoid superscript notation. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) recognizes "sq" in its tables of units, for example, defining sq ft as . Historically, area notations have evolved from descriptive terms in ancient systems to modern abbreviations, shifting away from cumbersome numeral-based expressions toward concise forms like "sq" in English-speaking technical practices. Square units apply across the U.S. customary and systems; for instance, 1 sq mile equals approximately 2.59 sq , facilitating conversions in land surveying and .

Sound quality rating

(SQ) is a in audio that evaluates the perceived and accuracy of audio reproduction, focusing on how closely the output matches the original recording in terms of clarity, tonal balance, and absence of unwanted artifacts. It encompasses both subjective assessments, where trained listeners rate attributes like and spatial imaging on scales such as the (MOS), and objective measures that simulate human perception. One prominent objective is the (PEAQ), standardized by the (ITU) as BS.1387, which predicts audio degradation through psychoacoustic modeling of distortions and noise. Another is the Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ), an ITU-T P.862 standard primarily for , which correlates highly with subjective speech intelligibility ratings by analyzing time-aligned signal differences. Key methods for SQ assessment include standardized protocols from organizations like the (EBU), which developed the Sound Quality Assessment Material (SQAM) recordings for revealing impairments in analog and chains during subjective tests. These tests often employ the (MUSHRA) method, recommended by BS.1534, where participants compare multiple audio samples against a hidden reference on a 0-100 scale. Influential factors in SQ ratings include (THD), which measures nonlinear signal alterations; , assessing evenness across the audible spectrum (typically 20 Hz to 20 kHz); and (SNR), quantifying background noise relative to the signal. Additionally, perception is standardized by ISO 532, which provides methods like the Zwicker model for calculating perceived loudness levels from sound spectra, aiding in balanced audio mixing. The term SQ was popularized in the during the high-fidelity (hi-fi) era, as consumers embraced modular components like amplifiers and turntables for , driven by advancements in playback and design that prioritized accurate reproduction over mere volume. This period marked a shift toward culture, with magazines and standards emphasizing low-distortion systems, though objective metrics like PEAQ emerged later in the . In contemporary applications as of 2025, SQ scores are integral to evaluating automotive systems, where manufacturers tune audio for in-cabin acoustics using targets like the Harman curve—a research-derived featuring a shelf and midrange dip for natural , validated through listener preference studies. For instance, premium systems in vehicles such as the achieve high SQ ratings by aligning with these targets, enhancing immersion in noisy environments.

Arts and entertainment

Music albums and EPs

In the context of music production and recording, SQ most prominently denotes , a matrix-based four-channel system developed by Records and introduced in 1971 for vinyl LP records. This format encoded quadraphonic audio into a stereo-compatible groove, allowing playback on standard two-channel equipment while enabling full four-speaker immersion with a compatible decoder. SQ became the dominant quadraphonic standard in the United States, with over 2,000 titles released by the late 1970s across genres including rock, jazz, pop, and classical, produced by labels like Columbia and . Notable examples include Pink Floyd's The Dark Side of the Moon (1973), which utilized SQ for dynamic spatial effects in tracks like "On the Run," and Santana's (1970 reissue), where percussion and vocals were panned across channels for enhanced live-like energy. The format's adoption peaked around 1975 but waned by 1982 amid format wars with rivals like QS and CD-4, ultimately overshadowed by stereo dominance and emerging digital technologies. Beyond its technical abbreviation, SQ has also served as a title or series name for specific music releases, particularly in soundtracks. The SQ series, initiated by in 2007, comprises arrangement albums remixing iconic compositions from franchises like Final Fantasy, , and in varied styles such as , electronic, and . The inaugural entry, Love SQ (2007), features lounge and interpretations by artists like PE'Z, including a sultry take on the Final Fantasy main theme. Subsequent volumes expanded the scope: SQ Chips (2007) and SQ Chips 2 (2012) deliver 8-bit retro arrangements, evoking aesthetics, while Chill SQ (2008) offers relaxed versions and Battle SQ (2009) emphasizes high-energy orchestral remixes. A 2025 compilation, SQ Music Collections, aggregates 119 tracks from 11 albums in the series, highlighting its enduring appeal. These SQ-titled works, though niche and primarily targeted at Japanese and global gaming audiences, have influenced the arrangement subgenre of video game music, fostering collaborations between composers and remixers. Sales figures, such as SQ Chips 2 charting at No. 102 on Oricon, underscore their cult status without mainstream crossover success, yet they remain staples for fans seeking creative reinterpretations of seminal game scores.

Side quest in gaming

In video gaming, SQ commonly serves as shorthand for "side quest," referring to an optional mission or task that diverges from the game's primary narrative path. These quests typically involve activities such as helping non-player characters (NPCs), collecting items, or exploring hidden areas, offering players rewards like experience points, currency, equipment, or lore without advancing the main storyline. The concept of side quests originated in early role-playing games (RPGs), where optional content expanded beyond linear progression. Final Fantasy (1987), developed by Square, popularized such elements through tasks like retrieving the Rat Tail from the Citadel of Trials to upgrade character classes via , providing strategic depth without mandatory completion. The term "side quest" itself emerged in the early , coinciding with the rise of console RPGs that emphasized player choice and world-building. Prominent examples illustrate SQ's versatility across genres. In The Legend of Zelda series, side quests often revolve around collectibles and puzzles, such as gathering Pieces of Heart in Ocarina of Time (1998) or completing 76 diverse tasks in Breath of the Wild (2017) that unlock shrines and enhance Link's abilities. Modern titles like (2020) feature branching side quests, such as "" or "," which deliver narrative depth through player decisions, unique character stories, and ties to Night City's lore. Side quests significantly boost game replayability by encouraging multiple playthroughs to uncover varied outcomes and rewards, extending playtime in open-world environments. In 2025, trends highlight the integration of in SQ design for open-world games, using algorithms to create dynamic quests that adapt to player actions, as seen in titles like expansions, fostering infinite variability and personalized experiences.

Other uses

Squeezed file format

In , SQ refers to "squeezed" files produced by the SQ program, an early single-file that was one of the first popular compression tools for personal computers. Developed by Richard Greenlaw around 1981, SQ was initially designed for the operating system but quickly adapted for and platforms, where it gained widespread use during the early 1980s for reducing storage needs on limited-capacity floppy disks. The SQ program employs a static algorithm augmented with (RLE) to achieve compression, making it particularly efficient for text-heavy files common in that era, such as program and . Compressed files typically use extensions like .sq or modified forms (e.g., changing a .txt file to .tqt by altering the middle letter to "q"), and the format includes a signature (0x76 0xFF), filename storage, , and optional for integrity. SQ was frequently paired with library archiving tools like to create .LBR files containing multiple squeezed components, facilitating software distribution via systems (BBS) and disks in the environment. Historically, SQ's Huffman-based approach laid groundwork for subsequent compression methods, with its core routines influencing the early versions of the archiver developed by Thom Henderson in 1985, which integrated and multi-file archiving. However, SQ was largely superseded by more advanced tools like Crunch (using LZW ) on systems and on by the mid-1980s, followed by the dominant format introduced in 1989, rendering SQ obsolete for modern use. As of 2025, SQ files are exceedingly rare outside of archival and retro computing contexts, where they are preserved for historical emulation of 1980s systems; modern tools such as and Deark provide support for extracting them, ensuring accessibility for preservation efforts.

Slang and informal terms

In online forums and digital communication, SQ commonly serves as an for "stupid question," a self-deprecating term used to preface queries that the asker anticipates might seem obvious or naive. This usage emerged in communities during the early , often in discussion boards where users sought to soften potentially embarrassing inquiries, such as "SQ: How do I my router?" In audio and broadcasting contexts, SQ informally denotes "super quiet," referring to noise-reduction technologies that enhance audio by minimizing background . For instance, Listen Technologies employs Listen SQ™ in their systems to improve signal clarity by at least 20 , a feature integrated into professional equipment since the early . Among gamers, particularly in the MMORPG , SQ abbreviates "South Qeynos," a key starting zone representing the southern district of the city of Qeynos, central to the game's lore and player navigation since its 1999 launch. This shorthand persists in player guides and community discussions for quick reference to the area's docks, merchants, and quests. In theater production, SQ stands for "sound cue," an informal notation in scripts to indicate audio triggers like music or effects during performances. Modern tools, such as the SQ Theatre Sound Cues app released in 2024, formalize this abbreviation by allowing operators to sequence and display cues on mobile devices for live shows. These slang usages have spread widely through platforms like and , where SQ appears in casual threads and gaming chats, evolving by 2025 into formats that humorously highlight awkward questions or quiet audio mishaps. Despite their prevalence in digital spaces, none have earned formal entries in major dictionaries like English, remaining hallmarks of informal online and niche professional vernacular.

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