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TLS

TLS is an acronym with multiple meanings. For the cryptographic protocol, see . == Computing == == Media == == Organizations == == Science, medicine and technology ==
  • TLS (machine), a World War II German cipher machine
  • Translocated in liposarcoma, a gene fusion in oncology
  • Terrestrial laser scanning, a surveying method
== Transport ==
  • [[Hô Phan Thiết Airport]], Vietnam (IATA code TLS)
  • Tilsit (train), a European rail service
== Other uses ==
  • [[Timor-Leste]], the Portuguese name for East Timor (ISO 3166 code)
  • Trzy literowy skrót, Polish for "three-letter acronym"

Computing

Transport Layer Security

Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a designed to provide communications , , and between two communicating applications over a , such as the . As the successor to Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), TLS was developed by the (IETF) to address vulnerabilities in SSL version 3.0 while maintaining compatibility; it was first standardized as TLS 1.0 in 1999. The protocol operates at the , encrypting the payload of messages while leaving the underlying protocols unchanged, thus enabling secure transmission of sensitive data like financial transactions and personal information. The history of TLS reflects ongoing efforts to enhance security amid evolving threats. TLS 1.0, specified in RFC 2246, introduced improvements over SSL, including better key derivation and message authentication. Subsequent versions addressed specific weaknesses: TLS 1.1 (RFC 4346, 2006) mitigated cipher block chaining (CBC) vulnerabilities, while TLS 1.2 (RFC 5246, 2008) added support for authenticated encryption modes like GCM and became widely adopted until around 2020. TLS 1.3 (RFC 8446, 2018) streamlined the protocol for better performance and security, mandating forward secrecy and removing legacy features vulnerable to attacks. By 2025, TLS 1.3 adoption has reached approximately 70% across surveyed websites as of May 2024, driven by browser requirements and deprecation of older versions. At its core, TLS relies on a process to establish secure sessions, involving messages such as Client Hello (where the client proposes supported versions and suites), Server Hello (the server's selection of parameters), and (using algorithms like Diffie-Hellman for shared secret derivation). suites define the cryptographic primitives, such as AES-256-GCM for , ensuring and . Certificate validation occurs via (PKI), where clients verify server identity against trusted certificate authorities to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks. These components enable TLS to support diverse applications, including securing for , SMTPS for email transmission, VPN protocols like , and VoIP systems via SRTP tunneling. Since 2020, major browsers like , , and have deprecated TLS 1.0 and 1.1, making TLS 1.2 or higher mandatory for compatibility. TLS incorporates key security features to protect against common threats. , enforced in TLS 1.3 through exchanges, ensures that compromised long-term keys do not expose past sessions. The protocol also resists downgrade attacks by including version-specific signals in the , preventing attackers from forcing fallback to insecure versions like SSL 3.0. Notable vulnerabilities include (2014), a exploiting SSL 3.0's mode, mitigated by disabling SSL 3.0 and preferring or AEAD ciphers; and (2014), a buffer over-read in that exposed private keys, addressed through immediate patching, certificate revocation, and input validation in heartbeat extensions. Post-2023 developments emphasize quantum resistance, with hybrid extensions integrating NIST-approved post-quantum algorithms like into TLS 1.3 handshakes; by late 2025, over half of traffic on platforms like uses such protections against harvest-now-decrypt-later threats.

Thread-level speculation

Thread-level speculation (TLS) is a parallel computing technique that enables the automatic parallelization of sequential programs on multi-core processors by allowing multiple threads to execute optimistically in parallel, even when data dependencies are uncertain. In this approach, threads proceed , buffering their modifications in hardware or software structures, and only commit results if no conflicts occur, thereby avoiding the serialization bottlenecks that would otherwise limit performance in dependent code regions. This hardware-software optimization contrasts with traditional parallelization methods that require guaranteed independence, as TLS detects violations at and rolls back invalid executions to maintain correctness. The concept of TLS emerged from research in the late 1990s and early 2000s, building on advances in chip multiprocessors (CMPs) and (SMT). Pioneering work at institutions like and the University of Illinois developed hardware support for TLS, such as the system, which demonstrated speculative thread execution on CMPs to extract parallelism from general-purpose applications. IBM contributed early explorations of multithreaded processors with speculative features in the early 2000s, focusing on runtime dependence tracking. While full TLS implementations remained largely in research prototypes, related mechanisms influenced commercial architectures; for instance, ' Niagara processor, released in 2005, advanced multithreaded designs with 32 hardware threads per chip to tolerate latency, paving the way for speculative techniques. In modern processors, TLS principles are realized through hardware transactional memory (HTM) features, such as Intel's (TSX) introduced in 2013, enabling at the thread granularity. At its core, TLS operates through speculative thread scheduling, where a or partitions code into and dispatches them to available cores without waiting for dependence resolution. Hardware monitors, often integrated into the like extended protocols, detect inter-thread conflicts by tracking read/write accesses to shared data; for example, speculative updates are stored in buffers until validation. Upon detecting a mis-speculation—such as a write-after-read violation—the conflicting rolls back by discarding its buffered state and re-executes sequentially, while valid commit in order. This mechanism yields significant benefits in parallel , with studies showing speedups of 1.5× to 2.5× on average for applications with moderate success rates, depending on the hardware configuration and characteristics. Unlike instruction-level , which handles fine-grained predictions within a single , TLS targets coarser thread-level parallelism to exploit multi-core resources more aggressively. TLS finds applications in domains requiring high throughput on multi-core systems, including processing, where it parallelizes queries by speculatively executing independent operations and rolling back on conflicts to ensure properties. In scientific simulations, such as numerical solvers or , TLS accelerates iterative computations by speculatively advancing multiple simulation threads, reducing synchronization overhead in irregular parallel patterns. Server applications, like web workloads and , also benefit from TLS-enhanced parallelization, improving response times in threaded environments. These uses highlight TLS's role in bridging sequential legacy code with modern multi-core hardware, distinct from instruction-level techniques like branch prediction that operate within individual threads. Despite its potential, TLS faces challenges from speculation overhead, including the costs of detection, buffering, and , which can degrade if mis-speculation rates exceed 20-30% in a workload. Energy consumption is another concern, as increases misses and unnecessary computations, potentially raising power draw by 20-50% compared to non-speculative multithreading on CMPs. Mitigations include hybrid approaches combining TLS with transactional memory, where software-managed transactions reduce overhead by handling low- cases dynamically, and techniques like dynamic thread sizing to minimize frequency. Ongoing in the 2020s explores TLS integrations with emerging architectures; recent works, such as LitTLS in , explore lightweight implementations for resource-constrained multi-core systems, though direct extensions for AI accelerators in ARMv9 or remain limited to related vector and matrix units rather than full speculative threading.

Media

Times Literary Supplement

(TLS) is a prominent literary publication, established in as a supplement to newspaper, offering in-depth reviews, essays, and commentary on , , , and . It quickly became a standalone weekly journal in , renowned for its rigorous intellectual engagement with cultural topics and its role in fostering critical discourse among readers and writers. Over its more than a century of existence, the TLS has maintained a focus on high-quality, thoughtful analysis, distinguishing itself through essays that explore books, ideas, and broader societal themes with nuance and authority. The publication's history reflects its evolution within the landscape of British journalism. Launched on January 17, 1902, it emerged during a period of expanding literary interest in , initially appearing as an occasional insert before gaining regular status. Key editorial figures have shaped its direction, including Karl Miller, who served as editor from 1967 to 1979 and introduced a more contemporary voice by expanding coverage of modern fiction and poetry. Peter Stothard led the TLS from 2003 to 2016, emphasizing its global reach and commissioning work from international perspectives during a time of digital transition. Circulation has hovered between 35,000 and 40,000 in recent years, with a peak of around 49,000 in the postwar era under earlier editors like Alan Pryce-Jones, reflecting its niche but dedicated audience amid broader declines in print media. By 2025, the TLS had shifted to a fortnightly schedule with a redesigned format to enhance readability and visual appeal, adapting to changing reader habits while preserving its core mission. Traditionally, TLS reviews were published anonymously to prioritize the work over the reviewer, a practice that continued until 1974 when signatures became standard, allowing contributors' voices to gain recognition. Notable writers such as , , and later figures including and have contributed essays and reviews, enriching its pages with seminal cultural insights. The publication produces annual anthologies, such as selections of the year's best reviews and essays, and launched a digital edition in 2011, providing searchable access to back issues from 2010 onward. The TLS exerts significant influence on literary discourse, serving as a benchmark for critical excellence and often shaping public and academic conversations around new releases and enduring works. It established the TLS Short Story Prize in 2010, an annual award that recognizes emerging fiction writers and underscores the publication's commitment to nurturing talent through competitions and publications. This prestige has made it indispensable to scholars and enthusiasts, with contributors and readers alike crediting it for elevating standards in . Owned by News UK since the acquisition of The Times portfolio, the TLS has expanded digitally post-2020 with online archives, a mobile app, and weekly podcasts featuring editors and writers discussing current issues, books, and cultural trends. As of 2025, these efforts include enhanced digital subscriptions integrated with The Times' 640,000 digital readers and initiatives to broaden contributor diversity, with recent longlists and reviews featuring more women, international voices, and writers from underrepresented backgrounds to reflect evolving global literary landscapes.

The Last Stand

The Last Stand is a series of video games developed by the independent studio Con Artist Games, an Australian-based developer founded in 2008 by Chris "Con" Condon. The franchise originated as browser-based titles in 2007, immersing players in a post-apocalyptic world overrun by hordes, where hinges on and defensive tactics. Early entries emphasized defense and scavenging in urban ruins, evolving into more complex elements in later releases. Key installments in the series include The Last Stand (2007), a foundational defense game where protagonist Jack barricades a safehouse against nightly zombie assaults while awaiting rescue; The Last Stand 2 (2008), which expands to a 40-day journey across zombie-infested landscapes toward Union City; The Last Stand: Union City (2011), an RPG-focused title following a survivor's quest through a sprawling, explorable city; The Last Stand: Dead Zone (2012–2014), a browser MMO emphasizing compound management, team-based scavenging, and persistent online progression; and The Last Stand: Aftermath (2021), a single-player rogue-lite adventure introducing permadeath and ethical dilemmas in a virus-ravaged setting. Core mechanics across the series revolve around scavenging for supplies, crafting weapons and fortifications, and base-building to withstand escalating threats, blending real-time action with strategic planning. Gameplay in The Last Stand series incorporates dynamics, highlighted by day-night cycles that dictate player actions: daytime hours allow for exploration and resource gathering, while nights demand intense against relentless waves. Progression systems enable character upgrades, skill trees for and abilities, and alliance-building with other survivors or NPCs in multiplayer or narrative-driven modes. These elements foster tension through limited resources and risks in later titles, encouraging replayability and tactical depth. The franchise's origins made it accessible via platforms like and , amassing millions of plays during the peak of browser gaming in the late and early . The series' legacy endures through its influence on the zombie survival genre, particularly in mobile titles that adopted similar scavenging and base-defense mechanics post-Flash era decline. Community-driven mods, fan-made sequels, and ports to modern platforms, such as the 2021 The Last Stand Legacy Collection bundling the first three games with updated graphics and controls, have sustained its popularity. By 2023, official efforts focused on PC releases like Aftermath, while fan discussions in 2025 highlight calls for remakes or adaptations to revive classics like Dead Zone, though no confirmed developments from Con Artist Games have emerged. Culturally, The Last Stand explores profound themes of , human , and moral choices amid , resonating with players through narrative-driven stories. Despite sharing its name with a 2013 starring —a tale of a thwarting a escape with no connection to the games—the series has not inspired a major cinematic adaptation.

Organizations

Telstra

Telstra Corporation Limited (ASX: TLS) is Australia's largest telecommunications company, headquartered in , providing a comprehensive range of services including , fixed , pay TV, , Internet of Things (IoT) solutions, and enterprise connectivity to consumers, small businesses, enterprises, and government clients across and internationally. As of 30 June 2025, Telstra serves approximately 24.9 million retail mobile services and 3.4 million consumer and small business bundle, data, and voice services, achieving 99.7% population coverage for its mobile network in . The company operates through more than 200 controlled entities in over 30 countries, leveraging extensive infrastructure such as a 4,400 km Intercity Fibre Network and international subsea cables to support its operations. Telstra's origins trace back to the established in 1901, evolving into a government-owned provider of services until in the late 1980s. began in 1997 when the Australian government sold one-third of its shares on the , with full privatization completed by 2006 through subsequent tranches. Key milestones include the launch of its NextG network in 2006, which enhanced mobile data capabilities and coverage; participation in the (NBN) rollout during the 2010s, where Telstra sold its copper and assets to for integration into the national infrastructure; and the commercial deployment of services in May 2019, initially in 10 major cities with as a key partner. Telstra is structured into key divisions, including Telstra Consumer for retail and small business customers, Telstra Enterprise for large businesses and , and Telstra International for global operations, with additional segments like Telstra InfraCo managing fixed network infrastructure and Telstra Health providing specialized health services. For the financial year ended 30 June 2025, the company reported total income of approximately AUD 23.6 billion, reflecting a 0.5% increase from the prior year, driven by growth in mobile and enterprise services. Its operations encompass 265 retail stores, 26 Business Technology Centres, and significant investments in network expansion, including AUD 800 million over four years for enhancements. In innovations, leads in with 9.8 million services in operation and revenue of AUD 293 million in FY2025, focusing on applications like through smart sensing solutions. The company has expanded offerings via partnerships, such as with for ecosystems, and through its Versent acquisition to deliver integrated technology services. Sustainability efforts include a commitment to net-zero Scope 1 and 2 emissions by 2050, with 44% reduction achieved from FY2019 baseline by FY2025, alongside 43% reduction in Scope 3 emissions and over 90% network waste recycling. Telstra has faced controversies, particularly in the 2010s, over its historical status following , which critics argued allowed excessive profits and limited competition in fixed-line services, leading to regulatory scrutiny by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC). Customer service issues were prominent, with widespread complaints about long wait times, billing errors, and poor resolution, contributing to reputational damage and calls for structural separation of its retail and wholesale arms. In 2025, advanced its Connected Future 30 strategy, emphasizing preparations for through research into autonomous networks in collaboration with to address data silos and -driven optimization. integrations progressed via a with and acquisition of a stake in Versent, enhancing network management with for upgrades and , while investing AUD 800 million in -powered infrastructure to support future rollout expected in the .

Trans Link Systems B.V.

Trans Link Systems B.V., commonly known as Translink, is a company founded on October 1, 2001, to develop and manage systems for , most notably the used nationwide in the . Established as a joint initiative by major operators, Translink operates as a (B.V.) owned by Coöperatie Openbaar Vervoerbedrijven since 2015, focusing on electronic ticketing and payment solutions to streamline travel across buses, trams, metros, and trains. In its history, Translink was inspired by earlier systems like Hong Kong's 1997 and began implementing the regionally in 2005, achieving full national rollout by 2011. The company transitioned to a unified B.V. structure in 2006 and launched OVpay in 2023 as a contactless alternative using cards or devices, marking a shift toward broader . By 2024, Translink had processed 2.4 billion transactions annually, reflecting its central role in . Translink serves over 10 operators through its framework, providing key products such as front-end validators for /check-out, centralized for , and solutions via OVpay. Its operations include managing a Centrale Backoffice established in 2005 for real-time data handling and revenue distribution among operators, supporting approximately 2-4 million daily check-ins across the network. With around 153 employees as of late 2024, the company emphasizes secure, scalable systems certified under PCI DSS and ISO 27001 standards. Technologically, Translink employs EMV-compliant chips in the for secure, contactless transactions and integrates technology in OVpay for seamless payments with debit/credit cards or smartphones, enabling based on and . These systems connect validators to a cloud-based , ensuring within the network while adhering to regulations like GDPR. Post-2023, Translink has aligned with emerging standards for cross-border payments, including pilots in border regions like Limburg to enhance regional connectivity. The impact of Translink's systems has been significant in modernizing , with low fraud rates maintained through advanced detection and blocking mechanisms, contributing to efficient and reduced operational costs for operators. Looking ahead, the company is focusing on account-based ticketing models, exemplified by OVpay's expansion and the planned OV-pas for 2025, to further improve user convenience and support sustainable mobility goals under EU directives like the Reporting Directive (CSRD).

Transmitter Location Systems

Transmitter Location Systems, LLC (TLS) is an company specializing in the geolocation of radio transmitters causing to communications systems. Headquartered in , TLS provides real-time services to satellite operators worldwide, enabling rapid identification and resolution of disruptive signals that can cost operators millions in . The company's core technology leverages time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) and interferometric methods to triangulate signal sources by measuring differences in signal arrival times and frequencies at multiple receivers, achieving positional accuracy within a few kilometers under typical conditions. Founded in the late , TLS pioneered the commercialization of TDOA-based geolocation for in the early 2000s, building on principles derived from research. By 2003, TLS had demonstrated its capabilities in high-profile cases, such as locating a source targeting the Telstar-12 , which was attributed to operations in and by U.S. officials after TLS's for Loral (now part of ). The company has since expanded its offerings through systems like the NexGen Interference Locating System, which integrates optional software for automated signal , , and to streamline . TLS operates a global network of fixed and mobile sensors to monitor satellite bands, allowing for wide-area coverage without requiring on-site personnel at the interference source. This infrastructure supports services for major satellite operators, including real-time hunts that pinpoint unauthorized or faulty transmitters with sufficient precision for regulatory enforcement or field intervention. Partnerships with entities like the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) have facilitated its role in spectrum management, where TLS tools aid in enforcing compliance and resolving disputes over shared frequencies. Beyond core satellite applications, the technology contributes to broader spectrum monitoring efforts, helping governments and organizations maintain clear channels for critical communications. As satellite usage intensifies with the rollout of and research into future networks, TLS's geolocation capabilities address rising interference challenges from dense deployments of ground-based transmitters, ensuring reliable global connectivity for , services, and . Notably, while sharing the TLS acronym with Trans Link Systems B.V.—a Dutch firm focused on payment systems—Transmitter Location Systems targets aerial and space-based signal tracking exclusively.

Science, medicine and technology

Translocated in liposarcoma

The FUS gene, also denoted as TLS (translocated in ), encodes a multifunctional that participates in diverse cellular processes, including DNA/RNA binding, transcription regulation, , and transport. In the context of , TLS commonly refers to the FUS-DDIT3 fusion oncoprotein, which arises from the characteristic t(12;16)(q13;p11) in myxoid (MLS). This translocation fuses the amino-terminal and RNA-binding motifs of FUS (located on 16p11) with the full-length DNA-binding and dimerization domains of DDIT3 (also known as CHOP, on 12q13), creating a chimeric . The FUS protein itself comprises an N-terminal low-complexity domain rich in and , a central RNA recognition motif (RRM) for interactions, multiple Arg-Gly-Gly (RGG) repeats, zinc finger-like motifs (including C2H2-type), and a C-terminal localization signal, enabling its roles in processing and responses. Myxoid liposarcoma, driven by the FUS-DDIT3 in over 90% of cases, constitutes approximately 10% of all sarcomas and is the second most common subtype of . The functions as an aberrant that binds to and dysregulates promoters of genes involved in , thereby blocking terminal of mesenchymal precursor cells into adipocytes and promoting oncogenic transformation through mechanisms such as enhanced IGF-IR signaling and inhibition of BAF complexes at adipogenic enhancers.00257-X) This results in the hallmark myxoid matrix-rich and characteristic chicken-wire vascular pattern observed in MLS tumors. The FUS-DDIT3 was first discovered in 1993 through cytogenetic and molecular analyses of cell lines, marking a seminal advancement in understanding sarcoma-specific genetic drivers. Research into FUS-DDIT3 has leveraged preclinical models, including /Cas9-engineered systems to introduce the translocation in mesenchymal progenitors or disrupt the fusion in tumor cells, confirming its indispensable role in MLS initiation and progression while highlighting vulnerabilities like dependency on YAP1 signaling and regulators such as . Targeted therapies have focused on disrupting fusion-mediated transcription; for instance, , a marine-derived alkylating agent, displaces FUS-DDIT3 from promoter sites, thereby restoring adipocyte differentiation and inducing tumor regression in preclinical and clinical settings. As of 2025, afamitresgene autoleucel, a TCR T-cell targeting MAGE-A4 in NY-ESO-1-expressing MLS cases, has shown promising response rates in advanced following FDA accelerated approval in March 2024, with cohort data indicating durable responses in approximately 25% of patients at 3 years post-treatment. Clinically, MLS diagnosis relies on histopathological features confirmed by (FISH) to detect the t(12;16) translocation, which offers high specificity and sensitivity for distinguishing MLS from mimics. Prognosis for localized, low-grade MLS is favorable relative to other sarcomas, with a 5-year overall of approximately 80%, influenced positively by complete surgical resection and negatively by round cell components exceeding 5% or extrapulmonary metastases.

Terrestrial laser scanning

Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), also known as ground-based , is a technique that uses a stationary or tripod-mounted to emit millions of pulses toward a target area, measuring distances via the time-of-flight principle to generate high-resolution three-dimensional point clouds of terrain, structures, and objects. The system rotates the beam horizontally and vertically to capture across a 360-degree , producing dense datasets that represent the and surface characteristics of the scanned environment with sub-centimeter precision. TLS has been applied extensively in for topographic mapping and as-built documentation, in for detailed site mapping such as the of historical monuments like the of the of , in for biomass estimation and canopy structure analysis, and in for structural deformations and in streambanks. These applications leverage TLS's ability to non-invasively capture complex geometries in challenging environments, enabling quantitative assessments that inform , , and infrastructure maintenance. The technology originated from early laser ranging experiments in the mid-20th century but was commercialized in the with the introduction of phase-shift and time-of-flight scanners by companies like Cyra Technologies and Riegl, marking the shift from military and uses to widespread adoption. Key advancements in the included mobile TLS systems mounted on vehicles for dynamic scanning, while by the , integration with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and AI-driven processing enhanced hybrid workflows for larger-scale and automated feature extraction. In the scanning process, the instrument generates a raw with densities reaching up to 1 million points per square meter at close ranges, which is then registered and processed using software like for noise filtering, alignment, and meshing to create usable models. Achievable positional accuracy typically ranges from ±2 mm to ±4 mm, depending on factors such as scanner calibration, environmental conditions, and target reflectivity. Compared to airborne , TLS offers superior resolution and detail for near-field objects but is limited by line-of-sight obstructions, such as dense , which can occlude underlying and reduce . As a rapidly evolving field, TLS in 2025 increasingly incorporates for enhanced , including semantic segmentation of point clouds to automate and in ecological and built environments.

Transport

Phan Thiết Airport

Phan Thiet Airport is located in Thiện Nghiệp commune, Phan Thiết city, Bình Thuận Province, southern Vietnam, serving as a planned domestic and international hub to support tourism in the region. The facility is designed primarily to facilitate access to Phan Thiết's coastal attractions, including beach resorts like Mũi Né, positioning it as a key gateway for leisure travelers. As a dual-use airport for civilian and military purposes, it represents Vietnam's first national infrastructure project incorporating non-state funding. The airport's infrastructure includes a single runway measuring 3,050 meters in length, classified as a level 4E facility capable of handling aircraft such as the 767. Its passenger terminal covers 19,200 square meters and is built to accommodate an annual capacity of 2 million passengers, with provisions for 10,000 tonnes of cargo. Initial operations are geared toward domestic routes, with plans for international expansion to enhance connectivity for tourists. Construction on the 543-hectare site began in 2015 under the Ministry of National Defence, was paused due to regulatory and funding issues, and resumed in April 2021. As of August 2025, the military section is completed and operational, with full inauguration scheduled for December 19, 2025. The civilian section remains delayed, with construction resumption proposed in August 2025 and investment policy under review by Lam Dong Province as of September 2025. The project is valued at approximately VND 10 trillion (about US$435 million), managed through a between the 319 Construction Corporation and Thanh Dong Investment for the civilian components. Civilian operations are likely delayed beyond 2026, initially linking to major cities like and via leisure-focused flights once commenced. Future developments include cargo facilities by 2027 to support regional logistics. The airport's development is expected to drive in Bình Thuận Province by increasing tourist arrivals to its renowned beach destinations, potentially generating jobs and infrastructure investments. Initial capacity is planned for 2 million passengers annually once operational. While the project promises enhanced regional accessibility, discussions during planning have highlighted potential environmental impacts from coastal expansion, including effects on local ecosystems.

Tilsit (train)

The Tilsit was an express train service operating as part of the network, linking in to in (formerly known as , with the endpoint near the historic town of Tilsit, now Sovetsk). Introduced in 1993, it provided a direct international connection across three countries, emphasizing high-quality amenities and scheduled reliability typical of EuroCity standards. The service abbreviated as TLS highlighted its role in post-Cold War rail integration in the . The route covered approximately 600 km, routing through with principal stops at and before reaching the border and . Travel time averaged around 8 hours for daytime segments, though full journeys often extended overnight due to border procedures and gauge changes from standard European to Russian broad gauge. Operators and jointly managed the service, incorporating modern features like air-conditioned cars, a for meals, and access in later years to enhance passenger comfort. Named after the Treaty of Tilsit of , which reshaped European alliances near the route's endpoint, the train evoked historical significance while fostering contemporary cultural and economic ties between Baltic communities. It operated regularly until suspension in March 2020 amid the , which halted cross-border rail services to . Geopolitical developments, including the 2022 , further disrupted potential restarts by imposing sanctions and transit restrictions through and . As of November 2025, the Tilsit remains suspended, with no scheduled services listed for the route; discussions on resumption hinge on improving EU-Russia relations and normalized transit agreements, though no firm timeline exists. The service's discontinuation underscores its vulnerability to global events, yet it endures as a symbol of regional connectivity in the Baltic area.

Other uses

Timor-Leste

Timor-Leste, officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (Portuguese: República Democrática de Timor-Leste; Tetum: Repúblika Demokrátika Timór-Leste), is assigned the ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 code TLS, which was established following the country's independence from Indonesia on May 20, 2002. The code serves as the official three-letter identifier for the Southeast Asian nation in international contexts, distinguishing it from its former English designation, East Timor. Timor-Leste became the 191st member state of the on September 27, 2002, solidifying its sovereignty and the adoption of the TLS code in global standards. The TLS designation is employed in various international frameworks, including trade documentation, sports organizations like , and data exchange protocols to uniquely identify the country. For instance, in sports, TLS represents Timor-Leste in competitions and as the International Olympic Committee (IOC) code, marking the nation's Olympic debut at the 2004 Athens Summer Games. Practical applications of the TLS code extend to national identifiers such as vehicle registration plates, which incorporate (derived from the alpha-2 code but aligned with TLS conventions), and the country code top-level domain, managed by the Autoridade Nacional de Comunicações (ANC). With a population of approximately 1.4 million in , uses these codes to facilitate administrative and international interactions. The TLS code symbolizes Timor-Leste's hard-won independence and plays a role in its economic landscape, which remains heavily reliant on oil and gas, accounting for over 90 percent of exports and the majority of government revenues. In , as the country diversifies amid depleting offshore fields, the code supports growth in the through standardized international data exchange and platforms, with the e-commerce segment projected to generate about US$51.4 million in revenue. This includes enhanced connectivity via recent fiber-optic , enabling broader participation in global digital trade.

Trzy literowy skrót

Trzy Literowy Skrót () is a self-referential Polish expression that directly translates to "," humorously embodying the concept of a by using one to define itself. It exemplifies recursion, much like the English "" (), which similarly describes its own form. The phrase has no formal institutional backing but is occasionally referenced in informal etymological explorations of modern . Culturally, TLS reflects the proliferation of acronyms in contemporary communication, particularly in tech-savvy online spaces, and plays a minor illustrative role in discussions of by demonstrating recursive naming patterns. For contrast, formal three-letter codes like TLS for serve standardized purposes in international contexts, differing from this informal linguistic jest.

References

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