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WSS

Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome (WSS) is a rare primarily caused by heterozygous loss-of-function variants in the KMT2A , leading to of this and resulting in a range of developmental and physical anomalies. Affected individuals typically exhibit , moderate to severe , and distinctive craniofacial features including long eyelashes, thick eyebrows with lateral sparseness, , and a broad . , particularly on the elbows (hypertrichosis cubiti), is a hallmark sign, often accompanied by , low body weight, and musculoskeletal issues such as or joint laxity. Additional common features include feeding difficulties in infancy, recurrent infections, and behavioral challenges like traits or aggression, though the phenotype varies widely even within families due to the spectrum nature of the condition. First described in 1989 by Hans-Rudolf Wiedemann and others, WSS affects approximately 1 in 1 million individuals, with over 200 cases reported by 2022, underscoring its rarity and the importance of for diagnosis, as clinical features overlap with other trichodysplasia-intellectual disability syndromes. Management is supportive, focusing on multidisciplinary interventions for developmental support, nutritional therapy, and orthopedic care, with no curative treatment available due to the underlying epigenetic dysregulation. Emerging research highlights potential therapeutic avenues targeting modification pathways, though empirical data remain limited to preclinical models.

Computing

Web Services Security (WS-Security)

Web Services Security (WS-Security) is an standard that defines extensions to messaging for implementing at the message level in web services, enabling protections such as , , and independent of protocols. It achieves this through the attachment of security-related elements to SOAP headers, including security tokens for identity assertion and cryptographic mechanisms for data protection. The specification supports flexible application across diverse security models and domains, allowing integration with existing infrastructures like (PKI) while avoiding reliance on point-to-point security alone. Development of WS-Security originated from collaborative efforts by industry leaders including , , and , with an initial specification published on April 5, 2002, superseding prior proprietary proposals like Microsoft's WS-Security and IBM's SOAP-SEC. This evolved into the OASIS-managed standard, with version 1.0 formally released on April 19, 2004, establishing core extensions for message-level protections. Version 1.1 followed on February 17, 2006, incorporating refinements such as updated token profiles for UsernameToken and alongside enhanced message security. Subsequent profiles, including SOAP Message Security 1.1.1, further standardized integrity and confidentiality mechanisms, ratified by OASIS committees. The core mechanisms include security token propagation for authentication, using formats like UsernameToken (with optional passwords or digests) or binary tokens such as certificates and tickets. Message integrity is enforced via digital signatures based on standards, applied to specific message parts or the entire envelope to detect tampering and support . Confidentiality employs to protect selected elements, body content, or attachments, ensuring end-to-end even across intermediaries. These features are modular, permitting combinations like signed-and-encrypted payloads, and extensible to additional token types including SAML assertions for . WS-Security integrates with broader services standards, such as WS-Policy for expressing security requirements and WS-Trust for token issuance, forming for comprehensive . Implementations in products like WSS4J support version 1.1 profiles, including UsernameToken 1.1 and Token Profile 1.1, demonstrating ongoing relevance in enterprise environments as of 2025. While effective for SOAP-based systems, its XML-centric approach introduces performance overhead from parsing and , necessitating optimizations in high-volume deployments.

Windows SharePoint Services

Windows SharePoint Services (WSS) was a free extensible web-based platform developed by for building collaborative sites, document management, and intranet portals, integrated as an optional component with and later versions. It enabled organizations to create team workspaces, shared document libraries, custom lists, and basic workflows without requiring additional licensing beyond the server operating system. WSS formed the foundational technology for more advanced deployments, emphasizing simplicity and integration with applications for tasks like co-authoring and alerting. The product originated from earlier iterations, with released in 2003 alongside and Office 2003, succeeding the discontinued Team Services from 2001; it introduced core features such as web parts for modular page customization and integration with for user authentication. launched on November 16, 2006, coinciding with Office 2007 and built on ASP.NET 2.0 for improved scalability and developer extensibility, including support for broader web services via expanded APIs in areas like lists and user groups. Key enhancements in WSS 3.0 included AJAX-based interfaces for faster user interactions, enhanced security through forms-based authentication options, and better mobile access, while maintaining with prior customizations. Service packs followed, with SP3 released on October 25, 2011, incorporating all prior updates through August 2011 for stability and security. Core features centered on , with document libraries supporting check-in/check-out, versioning history to track changes, and metadata-driven organization; lists allowed customizable for tasks, contacts, or calendars with filtering and views. Basic workflows automated approvals and notifications, integrated with Visio for design, while site templates facilitated rapid deployment of team sites or wikis. relied on Windows-integrated permissions, role-based access controls, and item-level auditing, though it lacked enterprise-scale search or advanced found in paid counterparts like Microsoft Office SharePoint Server () 2007. Deployment required installation on IIS-enabled servers, with administration via for farm configuration, quota management, and backup/restore operations. WSS was succeeded in 2010 by SharePoint Foundation, the free edition of Server 2010, which rebranded and extended its capabilities with improved ribbon interfaces and claims-based authentication while preserving core compatibility. ended mainstream support for WSS 3.0 on October 9, 2012, and extended support on October 10, 2017, after which no further security updates or hotfixes were provided, prompting migrations to modern versions.

Windows Storage Server

Windows Storage Server is a specialized edition of Microsoft Windows Server operating system, optimized for deployment in dedicated storage appliances such as network-attached storage (NAS) and internet small computer systems interface (iSCSI) storage area networks (SANs). It provides file-serving capabilities with reduced overhead by omitting non-essential server roles like web hosting and remote desktop services, focusing instead on storage management, data redundancy, and high-throughput access. Originally introduced as part of the Windows Server 2003 family, it was licensed primarily to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) for integration into hardware solutions rather than direct consumer availability. Key features include support for clustered storage, , and integration with technologies like Storage Spaces for pooling drives into resilient volumes, enabling scalability without proprietary hardware. Later versions incorporated enhancements such as target functionality for and improved fault tolerance through features like clustering. Windows Storage Server editions were released alongside major Windows Server cycles, including 2003 (initial release in June 2003), 2003 R2 (March 2006), 2008, 2012, and 2016, with each iteration adding support for larger storage capacities and better compatibility. Support for Windows Storage Server 2016, the final dedicated edition, ended on January 11, 2022, after which integrated its core storage functionalities—such as Storage Spaces Direct and Resilient File System (ReFS)—directly into standard editions like and Datacenter. This shift reflects a broader emphasis on software-defined storage solutions deployable across general-purpose servers, reducing the need for appliance-specific operating systems. OEMs continue to offer legacy WSS-based appliances under extended support arrangements, but new deployments favor the unified storage stack for ongoing security updates and feature parity.

Technology

Wavelength Selective Switch

A wavelength selective switch (WSS) is an optical component in (WDM) networks that enables the , blocking, or of individual s from a single input fiber to multiple output fibers, allowing per-wavelength control without optical-to-electrical conversion. It typically operates across the C-band (around 1530–1565 nm), supporting dense channel spacings such as 50 GHz or finer, with configurations like 1×N (e.g., 1×9) that can handle up to 128 channels and insertion losses under 6 dB. The core principle involves spatial dispersion to separate —often via gratings or prisms—followed by beam steering or to direct each wavelength independently to output ports, and recombination for multi-wavelength outputs. This enables functions like power leveling through and colorless, directionless, contentionless (CDC) routing in advanced setups, reducing and supporting gridless operation for flexible allocation. Common implementations rely on liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) technology, which uses programmable phase gratings for high-resolution steering and dominates commercial reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer (ROADM) systems due to its scalability and low power consumption compared to earlier microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) mirrors. MEMS-based WSS variants employ tilting mirrors for switching but face challenges in resolution for finer grids, while LCoS offers superior wavelength selectivity. Emerging hybrid designs integrate silicon photonics for phased-array steering to further miniaturize and integrate WSS into photonic integrated circuits. In WDM optical networks, WSS primarily powers ROADM nodes for add/drop and express routing, enhancing network flexibility by allowing remote reconfiguration, minimizing equipment needs, and supporting higher capacities amid growing data demands. This has facilitated evolution from fixed to dynamic mesh topologies since the early , with LCoS WSS enabling colorless ports and reduced signal degradation in and core deployments.

Wheel Speed Sensor

A wheel speed sensor (WSS), also known as an sensor, is an electronic device that measures the rotational speed of each vehicle wheel by detecting changes in a generated by a toothed tone ring or reluctor wheel attached to the wheel hub or . This non-contact measurement produces signals—typically analog AC voltage for passive types or digital pulses for active types—that are transmitted to the vehicle's (ECU) to calculate wheel speed, acceleration, and deceleration. The sensor's output enables monitoring, with frequency or pulse count directly proportional to rotational velocity, allowing the ECU to compare individual wheel speeds against vehicle speed for stability and safety interventions. Wheel speed sensors operate on two primary principles: variable reluctance (inductive) for passive sensors and for active sensors. In variable reluctance designs, a and assembly detects flux variations as tone ring teeth pass by, inducing an AC voltage whose scales with speed—typically 20-100 pulses per depending on tooth count. sensors, introduced more widely after 2000, use a element to produce a digital square-wave output by sensing shifts from the tone ring, offering higher and low-speed accuracy down to zero rpm without mechanical contact. Active Hall sensors require power (5-12V) and integrate for immunity, while passive types generate their own voltage but produce weaker signals at low speeds. Both mount near the wheel hub, exposed to harsh conditions like , moisture, and temperatures from -40°C to 150°C, necessitating robust sealing and corrosion-resistant materials. Development of wheel speed sensors paralleled anti-lock braking system (ABS) evolution, with electronic variants emerging in the late 1960s as Bosch initiated ABS predevelopment in 1969 to address wheel lockup during braking. Production integration occurred with the first electronic ABS in the 1978 Mercedes-Benz S-Class, where WSS units provided per-wheel speed data to modulate brake pressure via hydraulic valves, preventing skids on surfaces with varying friction. Earlier mechanical ABS concepts from the 1920s, like Gabriel Voisin's aircraft-derived systems, lacked precise electronic sensing, relying on rudimentary centrifuges. By the 1990s, WSS adoption expanded beyond ABS to traction control systems (TCS), introduced commercially around 1987 by Bosch for Porsche, which use speed differentials to throttle engine power or apply counter-brakes for wheel spin mitigation. Beyond and , WSS data supports (ESC), all-wheel-drive , and even calibration in modern vehicles, with four sensors standard since the for full independent monitoring. Faults, often from sensor contamination, wiring corrosion, or tone ring damage, manifest as illuminated ABS/ESC warning lights, disabled traction aids, or erratic speed readings, potentially compromising braking efficacy by up to 30% in emergency stops per NHTSA studies on sensor failures. Diagnosis involves checks for , with replacement sensors calibrated to OEM tooth geometries for accuracy within 1-2% of true speed.

Organizations

Washington Statistical Society

The Washington Statistical Society (WSS) is the chapter of the () serving the metropolitan area, focusing on individuals engaged in data acquisition, analysis, and communication through statistical and methods. Established as a branch of the on January 19, 1926, with a constitution drafted at that time, it achieved official chapter status in 1935. The society originated amid growing statistical activities in the federal government, following the first ASA meeting in on December 31, 1896, for members in or near the city. With more than 1,000 members, it holds the distinction of being the largest and most active local chapter within the . WSS activities have evolved from early monthly meetings in the and to a broader program by the mid-20th century, including the first Annual Dinner in 1940 and the formation of specialized committees by the 1960s. Membership grew from 359 paid members in 1937 to claims of 1,000 total (with 200 paid) by 1942, reflecting expansion tied to federal statistical agencies. Post-World War II, the society introduced short courses, such as one on variance estimation in 1978, and symposia on topics like in 1988. In recent decades, it has emphasized mentoring programs (initiated around 2015), judging since 1986, quantitative literacy efforts in the 1990s, and electronic communications by 2005, alongside a focus on diversity since 2018. Current offerings include seminars, short courses, events, and a monthly detailing job openings, technical programs, and member spotlights, with submissions due by the 20th of each month. The society administers several awards to recognize excellence in statistics, particularly in government and education. The Shiskin Memorial Award, established in 1979 and first given in 1980, honors outstanding contributions to the development of and their communication to the public, co-sponsored by WSS, the National Association for , and ASA sections. Other recognitions include the Jeanne E. Griffith Mentoring Award for government statistical staff mentoring efforts; the Roger Herriot Award for innovations in federal statistics; the Curtis Jacobs Memorial Award, started in 1991, to encourage study design among middle and high school students; and the Wray Jackson Smith Scholarship, created in 2001, supporting young statisticians pursuing government careers. WSS also offers a Student Travel Competition for local degree students to attend ASA meetings, covering up to $800 in expenses, and co-manages the Gertrude Scholarship for statistical contributions. These programs underscore WSS's role in fostering professional development and data-informed decision-making in the region. The Naval Supply Systems Command Weapon Systems Support (NAVSUP WSS) is a specialized command under the (NAVSUP) that delivers integrated program and supply chain support for weapon systems sustaining U.S. , Marine Corps, joint, and allied forces. Established as the successor to the Naval Inventory Control Point (NAVICP), it focuses on lifecycle , including , , , and technical oversight to ensure mission readiness of platforms such as , ships, , and associated . With operations spanning multiple sites, NAVSUP WSS coordinates with fleet commands, industry partners, and activities to optimize material availability and reduce sustainment costs. Headquartered primarily in Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, NAVSUP WSS maintains key facilities in , Pennsylvania, for aviation support, and , for additional logistics functions, enabling a unified approach to national-level supply operations. The Philadelphia site specializes in fixed-wing and rotary-wing systems, while Mechanicsburg handles surface ships, , and nuclear propulsion components, facilitating tailored supply chains that integrate with global distribution networks. This distributed structure supports rapid response to operational demands, including and joint exercises. Core functions encompass , contract administration for repairs and overhauls, inspections, and data-driven inventory optimization to maintain stock levels for thousands of national stock numbers critical to performance. NAVSUP WSS employs integrated supply-chain management practices, such as partnering with contractors and engineers for predictive , which have enhanced readiness rates for assets like the F/A-18 Super Hornet fleet. It also conducts technical evaluations and coordinates with activities to manage distribution and resolve fleet shortages, prioritizing empirical metrics like fill rates and delivery timelines over administrative metrics. As of September 6, 2025, Rear Adm. Michael A. leads the command, overseeing a that executes these responsibilities amid evolving threats requiring resilient sustainment.

Water Supply and Sanitation initiatives

The Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council (WSSCC), established in 1990 under the as a United Nations-hosted entity, represented a key global initiative to accelerate progress in and hygiene, particularly for underserved and marginalized populations. WSSCC facilitated multi-stakeholder partnerships, professional , and advocacy aligned with , emphasizing access to prevent diseases and promote equity. It managed the Global Sanitation Fund, which from 2008 onward disbursed over $200 million to 14 country programs, supporting community-led efforts that reached approximately 20 million people with by 2015, including reductions in through behavior change campaigns. WSSCC's activities included convening high-level forums, such as the 2018 International Water Week sessions, and producing evidence-based reports on financing gaps, estimating an annual need of $114 billion globally to meet SDG targets by 2030. Despite achievements like influencing national policies in and , the initiative faced challenges in scaling impact amid fragmented funding and local implementation barriers, with evaluations noting variable sustainability of toilet construction outcomes. Operations ceased on December 31, 2020, with assets and strategies transitioning to the UN Office for Project Services (UNOPS) and Fund for continued focus on innovative hygiene solutions through 2025. Beyond WSSCC, WSS initiatives encompass sector-wide programs by multilateral lenders, such as the World Bank's Water Supply and Policies, Institutions, and Regulation (PIR) framework launched in 2016, which has supported regulatory reforms in over 20 countries to enhance service efficiency and tariff structures, addressing coverage gaps where 2 billion people lacked safely managed as of 2020. The has funded WSS strategies in , including a $233.2 million loan approved in October 2025 for rural to construct serving 1.2 million people and develop a national WSS vision to 2030. These efforts prioritize empirical metrics like service levels and cost recovery, though critiques highlight over-reliance on without sufficient attention to failures in corrupt or unstable regions.

Education

Schools and educational institutions

The Work Sampling System (WSS) serves as a primary framework in and elementary across numerous U.S. states and districts. This curriculum-embedded tool, applicable from through third grade, documents children's via observational data, including portfolios of work samples, developmental checklists, and summary rating reports across seven domains: social-emotional, language and literacy, mathematical thinking, , physical , science and technology, and . It prioritizes authentic performance indicators over , with empirical validation through studies showing coefficients above 0.80 and correlating with later academic outcomes. For instance, Georgia's Pre-K program mandates WSS for all classrooms, tracking progress on 69 specific indicators to inform instruction and parent communication. World Schools Style (WSS) debate constitutes a structured format integral to secondary school curricula and extracurricular programs worldwide, emphasizing prepared and semi-prepared argumentation on policy, value, or speculative motions. Competitions feature two teams of two or three speakers delivering eight-minute substantive speeches, with a four-minute reply speech per side, allowing points of information (interruptions) during speeches to simulate real-time discourse. This format, blending elements of British parliamentary and American policy debate, builds rhetorical skills, critical thinking, and adaptability; it underpins annual events like the World Schools Debating Championships, which since 1988 have engaged over 150 nations' teams of students aged 14-20, with motions announced 24 hours in advance for preparation or impromptu. Administrative applications of WSS include Weighted Staffing Standards in districts such as , where the model allocates staff based on enrollment-weighted formulas for core subjects, , and support roles to meet state ratios—e.g., one certificated staff per 17.26 elementary students as of the 2024-25 allocation. Similarly, employs Whole School Safety (WSS) plans, district-mandated frameworks adopted in 2021 that outline school-specific strategies for physical security, , and support, reallocating funds from traditional policing to evidence-based interventions like social-emotional learning programs. These systems reflect data-driven adaptations to and safety, though implementation varies by local policy and funding constraints.

Specific examples of WSS-acronymed schools

Westsyde Secondary School (WSS) is a public high school in , , , operated by School District 73 and serving students in grades 8 through 12. The school is located at 855 Bebek Road and focuses on a range of academic and extracurricular programs, including athletics under team names like the Whundas and Blue Wave. The (WSS) in , operates as a public charter high school for grades 9 through 12, integrating rigorous academic instruction with specialized training for competitive athletes. It enrolls around 114 students with a low student-teacher ratio, emphasizing college preparatory curricula alongside athletic development in disciplines such as and . West Sedona School (WSS) is an elementary school in , part of the Sedona-Oak Creek Unified School District, serving grades K-5 with a focus on education, including 1:1 access for students and interactive classroom technologies. The school promotes core values of character, attitude, and teamwork, and offers extended day programs for before- and after-school care.

Slang and Media

Why So Sad (internet slang)

"Why So Sad," abbreviated as WSS, is an term used primarily in texting and online messaging to inquire about or mockingly comment on someone's apparent or . The phrase expresses , , or mild concern when observing a downcast mood, often in casual conversations. For instance, it might follow a statement of misfortune, such as responding to a about a failed plan with "WSS?" to question the emotional reaction. The appears in various online slang dictionaries without a documented origin date or specific cultural trigger, suggesting it emerged organically within informal texting communities sometime in the or alongside the proliferation of abbreviations for brevity. Unlike viral memes with traceable viral moments, WSS lacks prominent historical events or media associations, positioning it as a niche, utilitarian rather than a widespread phenomenon. Its usage remains confined to personal chats, forums, and replies, where brevity favors acronyms over full phrases. In context, WSS can convey or irony depending on tone and relationship; for example, friends might deploy it teasingly to lighten a somber update, while strangers could interpret it as dismissive. This dual potential aligns with broader trends in , where compress emotional nuance for quick exchange, though overuse risks miscommunication in ambiguous digital formats. No peer-reviewed linguistic studies specifically analyze WSS, but its listing in multiple repositories indicates consistent recognition in lexicons as of 2023.

West Side Story (musical)

West Side Story is an American musical with music by , lyrics by , and book by , conceived, directed, and choreographed by . The production premiered on Broadway at the on September 26, 1957, and ran for 732 performances until June 27, 1959. Loosely adapted from William Shakespeare's , the story transposes the feud between Montagues and Capulets to mid-1950s City's , where white American Jets clash with Puerto Rican Sharks over territorial control. Central to the plot, Tony, a former Jet leader, falls in love with Maria, sister of the Sharks' leader Bernardo, amid escalating gang violence that culminates in tragedy, highlighting themes of prejudice, youth alienation, and forbidden romance. The musical's development began in the late , initially conceived as East Side Story featuring rival Jewish and Catholic gangs on New York's during Easter-Passover, but Robbins suggested shifting to Puerto Rican immigrants to reflect contemporary urban tensions. Bernstein's score innovatively blends symphonic elements with , Latin rhythms, and street vernacular, featuring iconic songs like "Somewhere," "," and "Tonight," while Robbins' integrated into narrative propulsion, emphasizing physicality over traditional dialogue-heavy scenes. Casting emphasized authenticity, with hundreds of young actors auditioning; notable originals included as Tony, as , and as Anita. This approach marked a departure from lighter fare, prioritizing dramatic realism and on ethnic strife without romanticizing . At the 1958 Tony Awards, West Side Story received six nominations, including Best Musical, winning for Best Choreography (Robbins) and Best Scenic Design (Oliver Smith). Though not an immediate box-office smash, its artistic influence endured, pioneering the "concept musical" format where music and movement drive thematic depth over linear plotting. Revivals, such as the 1980 production at the , sustained its relevance, often updating for contemporary sensibilities while preserving core conflicts. The work's legacy lies in its unflinching portrayal of inter-ethnic rivalry as a microcosm of broader immigration and assimilation challenges, achieved through rigorous collaboration among creators attuned to mid-20th-century demographic shifts.

Other Uses

Warehouse Shoe Sales (ShopWSS)

Warehouse Shoe Sales, operating as WSS or ShopWSS, is an retail chain specializing in athletic, casual, and footwear, apparel, and accessories from such as , , , , and . The company targets value-conscious consumers in and multicultural communities, offering competitive pricing on branded products through a mix of in-store and online sales. As of 2024, WSS maintains over 150 physical locations across , , , , and , with its e-commerce platform at shopwss.com providing free delivery on orders over $99 and a 30-day return policy. The company's origins trace to 1977, when founder Eric Alon began selling shoes at swap meets from a van, building a customer base focused on affordable, high-demand . Alon opened the first brick-and-mortar Warehouse Shoe Sale store in 1984 in , adopting a warehouse-style format that displayed full inventories of sizes and styles to facilitate quick, self-service shopping. Headquartered in , under parent company , Inc., WSS expanded by emphasizing community engagement, such as sponsoring local events and stocking culturally relevant items like low-top popular in and scenes. By , the chain had grown to dozens of stores, prioritizing accessibility in neighborhood settings over suburban malls. In September 2021, , Inc. acquired , Inc. (WSS) for $750 million, integrating it into its portfolio to bolster presence in urban markets and leverage synergies in sneaker distribution. Post-acquisition, WSS retained its independent branding and operational focus on value-driven , with annual revenues supporting around 1,600 employees as of recent estimates. The retailer continues to emphasize promotions, clearance sales up to 60% off, and a broad selection exceeding 3,000 in-store SKUs, distinguishing itself from premium competitors by prioritizing volume sales of discounted authentic goods.

WSS Development (real estate)

WSS Development LLC is a vertically integrated operating company specializing in multi-family and mixed-use developments, with a primary focus on the . Founded in 2019 by industry veterans Marc Weil, Todd Slyman, and David Slyman, the firm develops amenity-rich communities proximate to employment centers, , , , and medical facilities. The company's projects emphasize high-quality construction designed for long-term durability and resident appeal. A flagship project is 2020 at , a $100 million within the Village of Providence master-planned community in . Ground was broken on April 13, 2021, and the property reached completion in January 2025, featuring 360 upscale apartments across 12 floor plans with monthly rents ranging from $1,530 to $4,890, alongside 20,000 square feet of ground-floor and space. This development addresses demand for luxury multifamily options in a rapidly growing , contributing to over $700 million in total investment within the broader Village of Providence, which encompasses single-family homes, , condos, , and components. Additional projects include a 260-unit complex with 20,000 square feet of in , currently under construction; 300 single-family rental homes paired with 8,000 square feet of and office space in (forthcoming); and a 300-unit development with 4,000 square feet of in (planned). The firm's portfolio also features master-planned initiatives like the Village at Oakland Springs in , integrating single-family, multi-family, , and office elements, alongside smaller-scale efforts such as The Modern and apartments in Huntsville. Overall, WSS Development has pursued developments totaling over $2 billion in value, prioritizing mixed-use formats that blend residential living with commercial vitality.

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