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BBB

The (BBB) is a private 501(c)(6) founded in 1912 that operates independently of government oversight to promote ethical practices and through , evaluations, and services across more than 100 local bureaus in the United States and . The organization maintains a directory of over five million es, assigning letter grades from A+ to F primarily based on criteria such as the volume and resolution rate of customer s, length of time in operation, government actions against the , and adherence to advertising review standards. Businesses can pursue voluntary BBB by meeting its standards for —including transparency, honesty, and responsiveness—and paying annual membership fees ranging from hundreds to thousands of dollars depending on size, which funds the 's operations. While the BBB has resolved millions of consumer disputes annually and claims to foster marketplace integrity without regulatory authority, it has drawn persistent criticism for its funding model, which derives most revenue from accredited businesses, potentially incentivizing leniency in ratings to encourage participation—a dynamic likened by detractors to "." In , investigations by state attorneys general, including Connecticut's, and media exposés revealed instances where non-paying businesses received lower grades despite similar complaint records, prompting the BBB to decouple accreditation status from core grading calculations amid accusations of extortion-like pressure on companies. These revelations underscored empirical concerns over , as internal incentives could prioritize revenue over unbiased assessment, though the BBB maintains its evaluations remain data-driven and membership fees support dispute resolution efforts rather than buy grades.

Science and technology

Medicine and biology

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective semipermeable border formed by endothelial cells lining the brain's capillaries, which regulates the passage of substances between the bloodstream and the brain's to maintain neuronal . This structure prevents the entry of pathogens, toxins, and large molecules while permitting essential nutrients like glucose and via specific transporters. Evolved in most vertebrates, the BBB's integrity relies on tight junctions between endothelial cells, which minimize paracellular diffusion and achieve a transendothelial electrical resistance of 1500–2000 Ω·cm², far exceeding that of peripheral capillaries. Structurally, the BBB comprises brain microvascular endothelial cells interconnected by proteins such as claudin-5, occludin, and zonula occludens-1, forming tight junctions that seal intercellular gaps to less than 1 nm. These cells are enveloped by a and supported by (covering 10–20% of the abluminal surface) and astrocytic end-feet, which cover nearly 100% of the vessel surface and induce barrier properties through signaling molecules like Sonic hedgehog. Unlike systemic , BBB endothelial cells lack fenestrations and exhibit low pinocytotic activity, further restricting non-specific transport. Efflux pumps, such as (encoded by ABCB1), actively expel xenobiotics, contributing to the barrier's neuroprotective role. Functionally, the BBB facilitates carrier-mediated transport for polar solutes: glucose via (with a density of ~50,000 transporters per cell, handling 0.4–1.1 mmol/min/g tissue), through LAT1, and ions via dedicated channels, ensuring the brain's metabolic demands despite its isolation from plasma fluctuations. It also enables receptor-mediated for proteins like (for iron delivery) and insulin, while excluding macromolecules >500 Da unless actively transported. Mechanically, from blood flow and interactions reinforce endothelial integrity during development and adulthood. In , BBB disruption—marked by degradation and increased permeability—occurs in conditions like (where amyloid-beta accumulation correlates with leakage), (with perivascular inflammation), and (leaking serum proteins within hours of ischemia). Such breakdowns enable neurotoxic influx, exacerbating neurodegeneration, as seen in upregulated matrix metalloproteinases cleaving junctional proteins. Conversely, intact BBB limits therapeutic access, blocking >98% of small-molecule drugs and nearly all biologics from reaching the . Recent advances target BBB traversal for , including with microbubbles to transiently open junctions (achieving up to 10-fold drug uptake in preclinical models as of 2023), nanoparticle engineering with BBB-shuttling peptides like angiopep-2, and cell membrane-coated carriers mimicking endogenous . models recapitulating BBB structure, such as organ-on-chip systems with co-cultured and , have improved predictive accuracy for permeability, with transendothelial resistance matching levels. These strategies, validated in and non-human studies up to 2025, aim to enhance treatments for and Parkinson's, though clinical translation remains challenged by off-target effects and reversibility needs.

Computing and electronics

The BeagleBone Black (BBB) is a low-cost, open-source designed for developers, hobbyists, and educational purposes, featuring an processor and extensive input/output capabilities for prototyping embedded systems. Released in 2013 by the BeagleBoard.org Foundation in collaboration with , it builds on the earlier BeagleBone model by integrating an onboard for identification, output, and a more powerful processor while maintaining compatibility with expansion capes. Priced under $100 at launch, the BBB has been produced in multiple revisions, with Rev C offering improved power management and manufacturing consistency as of 2014. At its core, the BBB employs the Sitara AM3358BZCZ100 system-on-chip, which includes a 1 GHz single-core CPU, a graphics accelerator, a programmable unit (PRU) subsystem for deterministic tasks, and integrated peripherals such as Ethernet, USB, and serial interfaces. It provides 512 MB of DDR3 SDRAM and boots from a microSD card, supporting Debian-based distributions that load in under 10 seconds; optional models include 4 GB eMMC storage for faster access. The board exposes 92 (GPIO) pins across two 46-pin headers, enabling connections to sensors, actuators, and custom hardware without additional controllers. Key features include support for over 100 community-developed capes—modular add-on boards for functions like , , and analog inputs—which attach via the expansion headers and are auto-detected via the . The PRU-ICSS enables low-latency, processing for applications in and , offloading tasks from the main CPU. Variants like the , introduced in 2016, add built-in and for projects. The BBB's open hardware design, governed by licensing, fosters a large ecosystem of tutorials, libraries, and third-party accessories from vendors like Adafruit and SparkFun, making it suitable for in fields such as edge devices and educational curricula. Its longevity stems from active community maintenance, with ongoing software updates for kernels up to Linux 6.x as of 2024, though it lacks the multi-core performance of newer boards like . Despite competition from more powerful alternatives, the BBB remains valued for its real-time capabilities and cape ecosystem in niche embedded applications.

Business and organizations

Better Business Bureau

The Better Business Bureau (BBB) is a private, nonprofit organization founded in 1912 to address consumer complaints arising from deceptive advertising practices prevalent at the time. Initially established as a coalition of local business vigilance committees, it evolved into a network of over 90 independently operated local bureaus across the United States and Canada, coordinated under a national umbrella structure. The organization's stated mission is to advance marketplace trust by setting standards for ethical business conduct, facilitating dispute resolution, and providing consumer education on scams and fair practices. BBB operations center on three primary functions: business profiling and , complaint mediation, and programs. It maintains profiles for millions of businesses, assigning letter grades from A+ to F based on factors including the volume of complaints, rates, of practices, and adherence to ethical standards. Consumers can file complaints online or via phone, which BBB forwards to the business for response within 14 days; unresolved issues may lead to rating downgrades or public alerts. , a voluntary paid process, requires businesses to meet 16 specific standards—such as truthful and prompt complaint handling—and pay annual fees scaled by business size, ranging from hundreds to thousands of dollars. Accredited firms display the BBB seal and receive promotional benefits, but can be revoked for violations. Funding for BBB primarily derives from membership dues paid by accredited businesses, which constituted the bulk of its . In , the network generated nearly $200 million, almost entirely from these sources, creating a structural dependency on the entities it evaluates. The national coordinating entity reported $17.5 million in revenue for 2023, with expenses closely matching, underscoring operational self-sustainability through business contributions rather than consumer fees or government support. Criticisms of BBB have focused on inherent conflicts in its pay-for-participation accreditation, with allegations of a "pay-to-play" dynamic where paying members receive preferential treatment in ratings and visibility. A 2010 investigative report by demonstrated this by creating a fictitious company named "Hamas Funding Company"—intentionally evoking —and securing an A- rating shortly after applying for accreditation, despite no prior track record or ethical review beyond payment. This incident, corroborated by undercover tests from business owners, prompted BBB to revise policies, including ceasing automatic grade boosts for accredited firms, but persists regarding impartiality. Independent analyses note that non-accredited es often face harsher scrutiny or lower visibility, incentivizing payments to mitigate negative outcomes, which undermines claims of unbiased oversight. While BBB defends its model as upholding higher standards for participants, the revenue reliance on rated entities introduces causal incentives for leniency, as evidenced by historical scandals and ongoing entrepreneur complaints.

Big Baller Brand

Big Baller Brand (BBB) is an American athletic apparel and footwear company primarily associated with the Ball family, particularly and his sons Lonzo, LiAngelo, and . Founded in 2016, the brand initially focused on basketball-inspired clothing, shoes, and accessories marketed through aggressive self-promotion and claims of superior quality over established competitors like . The company's debut product, the ZO2 Prime Remix sneaker, launched in May 2017 at a price of $495 per pair, drawing widespread criticism for its high cost and perceived lack of innovation despite LaVar Ball's assertions that it outperformed professional-grade alternatives. BBB expanded to include apparel such as T-shirts, hoodies, and hats, often featuring bold logos and family-centric branding. Early sales were driven by the rising NBA profiles of , drafted second overall by the in 2017, and hype generated through and LaVar's public statements, though production was outsourced to amid reports of issues. BBB faced mounting controversies, including allegations that the ZO2 shoes contributed to Lonzo Ball's ankle injuries during his 2017-2018 rookie season, prompting him to switch to products. Legal and financial troubles escalated in 2019 when Lonzo Ball accused co-founder Alan Foster of embezzling $1.5 million from family ventures, leading the Ball family to sever ties with Foster and effectively halting BBB operations; the original website redirected to a unrelated financial site by October 2019. Despite a brief pivot to a Skechers-backed alternative line under Brandblack in late 2017, the core BBB entity struggled with limited and overreliance on familial endorsement rather than broad consumer appeal. LaVar Ball announced a restructuring in October 2019, promising a relaunched and continued operations under control. As of , BBB maintains an active online presence selling apparel, hats, hoodies, and slides via bigballerbrandinc.com, though basketball footwear development has stalled since 2019. Ongoing litigation includes a lawsuit by Alan Foster against LaVar, LaMelo, and others, seeking over $200 million for alleged tied to LaMelo's Puma endorsement deal, highlighting persistent disputes over and . The brand's trajectory reflects a pattern of high-visibility launches undermined by internal mismanagement and unsubstantiated product claims, with sales remaining niche compared to industry giants.

Government and politics

Build Back Better

Build Back Better was a major legislative proposal advanced by U.S. President Joe Biden's administration in 2021, intended to fund expansive social welfare expansions, climate initiatives, and economic recovery measures through a budget reconciliation process. The plan aimed to deliver approximately $1.75 trillion in net spending over a decade, according to White House estimates, though independent analyses projected gross outlays exceeding $2.4 trillion including tax cuts and credits before offsets from proposed revenue raisers like corporate tax hikes and a surtax on high earners. Key components included $555 billion for clean energy and climate resilience programs, such as electric vehicle incentives and emissions reductions; universal pre-kindergarten for children aged 3-4; subsidized child care for working families; 12 weeks of paid family and medical leave; extensions of the expanded child tax credit; investments in affordable housing; and enhancements to Medicare drug price negotiations and Affordable Care Act subsidies. The slogan "Build Back Better" originated outside Biden's campaign, tracing to post-disaster recovery frameworks dating back to 2005 in the aftermath of the tsunami, where it emphasized resilient reconstruction over mere restoration. It gained formal international adoption in the ' Framework for in March 2015, which promoted integrating risk reduction into development policies for affected nations. Biden incorporated the phrase into his 2020 presidential platform and early 2021 agenda, framing it as a pathway to address , decay, and environmental challenges exacerbated by the , with initial outlines in the $1.9 trillion American Rescue Plan passed in March 2021. Legislatively, the (H.R. 5376) was drafted by Democrats and released in September 2021 after months of negotiations to scale down Biden's original $3.5 trillion vision amid fiscal concerns. The passed the bill on November 19, 2021, by a 220-213 vote, largely along party lines, incorporating provisions estimated by the to cost $381.5 billion for and pre-K alone. Progress stalled in the , where moderate Democrats and withheld support; Manchin cited worries over persistent inflation—then at 7% year-over-year—and long-term deficit growth without sufficient pay-fors, declaring the bill "dead" in December 2021 and February 2022. Sinema opposed elements like the carried interest loophole closure and certain tax hikes, prioritizing targeted reforms over broad spending. Ultimately, the full did not advance beyond the House, but core provisions influenced subsequent legislation. In August 2022, Congress passed the , a $740 billion package that retained major climate investments—about $370 billion—and drug pricing reforms while dropping social spending like paid leave, reflecting Manchin's scaled-back preferences for deficit-neutral measures funded partly by a 15% corporate minimum tax. Critics, including fiscal watchdogs, argued the original proposal's tax increases—such as raising the corporate rate to 26.5% and imposing a 1% stock buyback tax—would hinder , with dynamic scoring estimates showing potential GDP reductions of 0.2-1% over the decade. Proponents highlighted empirical projections of emissions cuts equivalent to removing 20-50 million gas vehicles and poverty reductions via family supports, though long-term efficacy depended on implementation and economic conditions.

One Big Beautiful Bill Act

The One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA), formally H.R. 1 of the , is a sweeping enacted to extend and expand cuts, fund , allocate resources, and implement various fiscal and regulatory reforms. Signed into law by President on July 4, 2025, as 119-21, the legislation builds on the 2017 (TCJA) by making permanent its nearly doubled , which had been set to expire after 2025, thereby reducing taxable income for millions of households. The act also introduces deductions eliminating federal income taxes on tips, pay, and car loan interest for qualifying workers and seniors, targeting service industry employees and hourly laborers who collectively earned over $200 billion in tips and in 2024. Key provisions include raising the state and local tax (SALT) deduction cap from $10,000 to $40,000 for taxpayers with adjusted gross incomes under $500,000, effective immediately but reverting after five years to offset long-term revenue losses estimated at $1.2 trillion. The bill restores full expensing for short-lived assets like machinery and equipment, allowing immediate deduction of 100% of costs rather than phased , a measure projected to boost by 0.5-1% annually based on historical TCJA data. Additional elements allocate $50 billion for expanded operations targeting undocumented immigrants, including enhancements to and detention facilities, fulfilling campaign pledges from the 2024 election cycle. It further designates 600 MHz of mid-band for deployment to wireless carriers, aiming to accelerate expansion in underserved areas. The legislation modifies by capping unsubsidized loan amounts at $50,000 lifetime per borrower and tying eligibility more strictly to family income thresholds below 150% of the federal poverty line, changes effective for the 2026-2027 . Funding for these initiatives draws partly from reductions in programs, including a 20% cut to non-defense and reforms to means-tested entitlements like SNAP and , which proponents argue curb fraud and inefficiency while critics, including the NAACP Legal Defense Fund, contend result in the largest historical reductions to aid for low-income families to finance upper-income tax relief. Independent estimates place the act's net cost at $3.4 trillion over the decade from 2026-2035, excluding interest, potentially increasing the federal by 5-7 percentage points absent offsetting growth effects. Analyses of distributional impacts reveal mixed outcomes for families with children: while enhanced child tax credits up to $2,500 per qualifying child (partially refundable) benefit middle-income households, the Brookings Institution calculates that tightened eligibility for programs like the child tax credit extension and earned income tax credit phases out aid for approximately 15 million children in higher-poverty brackets, offsetting gains for an equivalent number in working-class demographics. Supporters, including the Tax Foundation, highlight pro-neutrality features like permanent expensing and tip exemptions as fostering economic dynamism without preferential carveouts, with empirical models projecting 1.2% long-run GDP growth from the tax components alone, though such forecasts depend on baseline assumptions of sustained labor force participation. Passage occurred via budget reconciliation to bypass Senate filibuster, with the House approving the final version 220-215 on June 28, 2025, and the Senate 51-49 the following day, reflecting partisan divides on fiscal priorities.

Arts and entertainment

Film and television

Big Brother Brasil (BBB) is a Brazilian reality competition series adapted from the international Big Brother franchise, in which contestants known as brothers or housemates (brothers in Portuguese) live in isolation in a custom-built house for approximately three months, under constant surveillance by cameras and microphones, with no access to external communication or media. The format involves periodic public voting to evict participants, culminating in a single winner who receives a substantial cash prize, typically escalating over seasons to R$1.5 million (about US$300,000 as of 2023 exchange rates) plus additional perks like a new car. Premiering on Rede Globo, Brazil's largest broadcaster, the series debuted on January 28, 2003, and has aired annually since, producing 25 seasons by 2025 with plans for a 26th edition. Each season features 16 to 22 housemates, selected for diverse backgrounds including celebrities and civilians, competing in challenges for immunity, resources, or advantages while navigating alliances, conflicts, and psychological pressures in the confined environment. The show's production, handled by Shine Brasil in partnership with Globo, emphasizes dramatic interpersonal dynamics, with live feeds, nightly episodes, and companion programs like BBB: A Eliminação providing post-eviction analysis and interviews. It has achieved massive viewership, averaging 40 million nightly viewers in recent s and commanding up to 50% audience share in its time slot, driven by interactive voting via and that replaced phone/ methods starting in 18. Formats have evolved, notably in 20 () introducing divided groups—Pipoca (civilians) and Camarote (celebrities/influencers)—to heighten competition and strategy, a model retained in subsequent editions. Evictions occur weekly via public vote, with twists like leader challenges granting veto power or luxury perks, and the finale determined by cumulative votes favoring endurance, likability, or prowess. Cultural impact includes spawning spin-offs such as BBB Tá On (a post-show talk since 2023) and BBB: O Documentário (a 2025 marking 25 years, though the show began in 2003, possibly referencing franchise origins). Winners often parlay fame into media careers, with eight of the last ten (seasons 16–25) being women, reflecting voter preferences for relatable or resilient personalities amid controversies over alliances, romances, and ethical gameplay. The series has faced criticism for amplifying and strains on participants, yet its endurance stems from high-stakes and national engagement, with over 2,100 episodes broadcast by 2025. No major BBB-titled feature films exist, though minor shorts like the 1989 experimental BBB by explore unrelated themes.

Literature

Black Blood Brothers is a Japanese series authored by Kōhei Azano with illustrations by . Serialized from March 2003 to October 2009 by MediaWorks' imprint, it consists of seven volumes. The plot centers on Mochizuki, a powerful known as the "Silver Blade," who returns to a decade after leading humans and vampires to victory in the Holy War against the Kowloon Children—a of infected, feral vampires. Accompanied by his amnesiac younger brother Kotaro, navigates threats from resurgent Kowloon remnants while seeking refuge in Japan's Special Zone, a hidden enclave for vampires, amid conflicts between "Old Blood" traditional vampires and "New Blood" innovators. Blood Blockade Battlefront (known in Japanese as Kekkai Sensen and abbreviated BBB) is a manga series written and illustrated by Yasuhiro Nightow. Initially serialized in Shueisha's Jump Square magazine from November 2008 to March 2014, it compiled into ten tankōbon volumes. A sequel series, Blood Blockade Battlefront Beyond, ran from March 2017 to March 2021, adding five more volumes. Set in Hellsalem's Lot—formerly New York City, transformed into a chaotic fusion of human and demon realms after a 1995 dimensional rift—the story follows Leonardo Watch, a photographer who gains the "All-Seeing Eyes of the Gods" (granting perception of supernatural flows but blinding his sister) and joins the Libra peacekeeping agency. Libra's eccentric members, led by Klaus V. Reinherz, confront bizarre threats from demons, aliens, and gangsters to maintain fragile human-supernatural coexistence.

Music

In musical notation, Bbb denotes B double flat, the pitch class B lowered by two semitones, enharmonically equivalent to A natural. This accidental appears in scales, chords, and harmonies requiring chromatic alterations, such as in the chord C-E-G-Bbb, which resolves to C-E-A. BB♭ (double B flat) designates the tuning of low-pitched brass and woodwind instruments, an octave below standard B♭ models, producing a fundamental pitch approximately 29 Hz lower. The BB♭ tuba, or contrabass tuba, serves as the primary orchestral and band tuba, with tubing lengths of 16-20 feet enabling deep pedal tones down to around 43 Hz; it plays the B♭ harmonic series open and contrasts with the brighter CC tuba tuned to the C series. BB♭ euphoniums and contrabass clarinets follow similar conventions, extending range for bass lines in ensembles. Several ensembles incorporate BBB as an acronym. The BBB Featuring Bernie Dresel, a Los Angeles-based formed in 2014 under Bernie Dresel, comprises 16 studio musicians delivering original arrangements and standards with influences; notable releases include Bern Bern Bern (recorded at Capitol Studios, 2018) and The Pugilist (2021), praised for energetic grooves and precision. The group performs regularly at venues like , maintaining a contemporary distinct from traditional swing eras. The (BBB), founded in 2006 by drummer Tommy Igoe, operates as a rotating ensemble with a longstanding weekly residency at Jazz Club, featuring improvisational sets by elite sidemen and drawing crowds for its high-energy and repertoire.

Codes

Standards and identifiers

In meteorological coding standards defined by the (WMO), BBB denotes an optional three-character indicator within the abbreviated heading line of bulletins exchanged via the Global Telecommunication System (GTS). This element facilitates identification of bulletins as additional, subsequent, corrected, or amended transmissions, ensuring accurate dissemination and processing of weather data. The full abbreviated heading format is T1T2A1A2ii CCCC YYGGgg (BBB), where T1T2 specifies the data type (e.g., for forecast messages), A1A2 the originating subregion or category, ii the message identifier, CCCC the four-letter code of the transmitting center, YYGGgg the date (YY), day (GG), and time (gg) in UTC, and BBB the optional identifier appended only when applicable. The BBB indicator adopts specific formats based on bulletin purpose: RRx for additional or subsequent issuances (R , x starting from 01); CCx for corrections to prior bulletins (C , x ); AAx for amendments; or NIL if omitted for original bulletins. In segmented bulletins—used for large products exceeding transmission limits—BBB takes the form Pxx (P followed by two letters AA to ZZ), with the first segment lacking BBB or using the original, and subsequent segments incrementing sequentially (e.g., PBF for the penultimate, PZF for the final). This segmentation practice, outlined in WMO regulations, prevents data loss and enables reassembly at receiving centers. BBB is applied in various WMO-coded products, including SIGMET messages for significant phenomena, where it signals corrections to previously issued alerts (e.g., COR for correction type). Compliance with these conventions, detailed in WMO Publication No. 306 (Manual on Codes), standardizes meteorological data exchange, minimizing errors in , , and public services. Centers issuing such bulletins must include BBB when reissuing content to maintain traceability, as per WMO technical regulations for the World Weather Watch.

Miscellaneous

Slang and informal uses

The acronym BBB appears in various and informal expressions, often context-dependent. A prominent colloquialism is " Baffles Brains," a phrase traced to World War II-era officers, denoting how persuasive nonsense can confound rational judgment. This usage highlights toward overly complex or deceptive , as documented in military memoirs and collections. In familial and celebratory contexts, BBB commonly abbreviates "Bouncing Baby Boy," a joyful term for announcing the birth of a healthy , frequently seen in social media posts and greeting cards since at least the mid-20th century. Drawing from popular culture, BBB can stand for "," alluding to the 1941 song from the musical Pal Joey, informally applied to states of romantic confusion or enchantment. Texting and online shorthand include expansions like "Busy Beyond Belief" or "Bored Beyond Belief," conveying extremes of occupation or tedium in casual digital communication. These variants reflect adaptable, low-formality usage in everyday English.

Other uses

The BBB commonly denotes the , a private established in 1912 to advance in the marketplace by mediating disputes between consumers and businesses, providing business based on complaint resolution and ethical practices, and offering to qualifying companies for a . Critics, including consumer advocacy groups, have noted that its can incentivize businesses to pay for to improve scores, potentially undermining objectivity, though the BBB maintains ratings reflect responsiveness to verified complaints rather than payment alone. In and , BBB refers to the blood-brain barrier, a selective formed by endothelial cells in cerebral capillaries, , and that regulates the passage of substances from the bloodstream into the parenchyma. This structure functions to shield neural tissue from toxins, pathogens, and fluctuations in blood composition while facilitating the transport of oxygen, glucose, and other vital nutrients via specific transporters and efflux pumps. Impairment of the BBB, as seen in conditions like or , can contribute to and disease progression by allowing aberrant entry of immune cells or molecules.

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