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Cub

A cub is the young of certain carnivorous mammals, such as bears, lions, tigers, wolves, and foxes, typically born in litters and dependent on parental care for survival.^[1]^[2]^[3] The term specifically applies to offspring of species in families like Ursidae, Felidae, and Canidae, where cubs are often altricial—born underdeveloped, blind, and hairless—requiring extended nurturing to reach independence.^[1]^[2] Etymologically, "cub" entered English around 1530, originally denoting a young fox and possibly deriving from Old Norse kubbi (young seal) or related to terms for a young animal whelp, though its precise origin remains uncertain and debated among linguists.^[4]^[1] Beyond zoology, the word has extended uses for young sharks and metaphorically for inexperienced youths, such as a "cub reporter" or apprentice in trades, reflecting its connotation of immaturity and learning.^[1]^[3] In organizational contexts, it inspired programs like Cub Scouting for children, emphasizing guided development akin to animal rearing.^[1]

Biological and Primary Definitions

Zoological Usage

In zoology, "cub" denotes the offspring of specific carnivorous mammals, primarily from the families Ursidae (bears) and Felidae (big cats, including lions, tigers, leopards, and jaguars), with occasional application to Canidae members like wolves and foxes.^[1]^[2] This usage reflects observable traits in these species' reproductive biology, where young are altricial—born in litters of 1-4 individuals after gestations of 60-110 days, depending on the taxon—and exhibit high dependency on parental provisioning.^[5] The term contrasts with "pup" (common for smaller canids like coyotes or dingoes) or "kit" (prevalent for foxes or lagomorphs), though overlaps exist; for example, young foxes were historically termed cubs before "kit" predominated in modern taxonomic descriptions.^[6] At birth, cubs are characteristically helpless: bear cubs weigh 400-500 grams, are blind and sparsely furred, and are delivered in winter dens where mothers enter semi-hibernation to nurse without foraging.^[7]^[8] Lion cubs emerge at 1-2 kilograms, also blind, with eyes opening around day 10 and locomotion developing by week 3, while tiger cubs start at 0.8-1.6 kilograms under solitary maternal vigilance.^[9]^[10] These traits align with field observations from den monitoring and radio-collar studies, revealing cubs' initial immobility and vulnerability to hypothermia or predation absent maternal shielding.^[11] Maternal protection behaviors, verified through longitudinal wildlife research, facilitate rapid growth phases: bear mothers forgo eating for 3-8 months post-partum to sustain lactation, enabling cubs to triple in weight by den emergence; lion prides distribute nursing and guarding duties, boosting survival via collective vigilance; and tiger females relocate cubs frequently to evade threats during the 18-24 month dependency period.^[5]^[12] Such causal mechanisms, evidenced in survival data from tracked cohorts (e.g., 50-70% cub mortality in first year for lions due to infanticide or starvation if unprotected), underscore the adaptive precision of these strategies in carnivore ecology.^[13]

Etymology and Early Records

The word cub first appeared in English during the early 16th century, specifically denoting the young of carnivorous mammals such as foxes or bears, supplanting earlier terms like whelp.^[14] Its etymology remains obscure but is frequently linked to Old Norse kubbi, referring to a young seal, with possible connections to words denoting rounded lumps or blocks, reflecting the animal's compact form.^[3] ^[15] Alternative theories propose an imitative origin mimicking animal cries or a derivation from Old Irish cuib ("whelp"), though linguistic evidence favors Scandinavian influence over Celtic due to phonetic and semantic alignment with northern European fauna observations.^[16] The earliest documented uses trace to texts around 1530, often in contexts of hunting records and descriptive natural accounts that emphasized empirical sightings of juvenile predators in the wild, such as vixen litters or ursine offspring during seasonal pursuits.^[1] These records, drawn from English rural and exploratory writings, prioritized direct observation over folklore, establishing cub as a term grounded in verifiable animal behavior rather than mythic attributes. By the mid-17th century, it appeared in comprehensive natural histories like Edward Topsell's The History of Four-Footed Beasts (1658), cataloging young carnivores with illustrations and anatomical notes derived from preserved specimens and field reports.^[17] In the 18th century, cub standardized as a zoological descriptor amid Enlightenment-era classifications, appearing in English translations and annotations of Linnaean systems, where it complemented Latin terms like catulus for whelps while specifying mammalian juveniles in binomial nomenclature contexts.^[14] Regional variations extended its application beyond mammals, as in 16th- and 17th-century maritime logs recording "cub sharks" from fishery yields in Atlantic waters, reflecting adaptive usage tied to empirical captures rather than strict taxonomic boundaries.^[3] This evolution underscores a shift from ad hoc vernacular to precise terminology, validated by accumulating evidence from dissections, breeding observations, and expedition journals across Europe.

Human and Figurative Applications

Denoting Youth or Inexperience

The term "cub" figuratively denotes a young or inexperienced human, particularly a novice or apprentice, by analogy to the vulnerability and undeveloped state of a young animal such as a bear or lion.^[1] This extension, attested since the early 16th century, evokes a raw, unformed individual requiring direct guidance and immersion to mature, as in the Scandinavian roots linking "cub" to terms for young seals or stumpy forms implying immaturity.^[3] Unlike romanticized narratives of innate talent, historical usage underscores causal skill acquisition through trial-and-error exposure in trades, where errors served as immediate feedback absent modern theoretical frameworks.^[18] In 19th-century professional contexts, "cub" described apprentices in demanding roles emphasizing practical repetition over classroom abstraction. Mark Twain, in his 1875 autobiographical sketches serialized in Atlantic Monthly as "Old Times on the Mississippi," self-identified as a "cub pilot" during his 1857 apprenticeship on Mississippi River steamboats, detailing the grueling, mentor-directed watches that forged expertise through navigational hazards and relentless critique rather than detached study. This mirrored broader pre-industrial apprenticeships in crafts, where "cubs" endured unfiltered drudgery—fetching tools, observing masters, and committing incremental errors—to internalize competencies causally tied to physical repetition, a process empirical records show yielded proficiency in 4–7 years for most trades by the mid-1800s. The phrase "cub reporter" specifically applied this to novice journalists in U.S. newspapers from the late 19th century, with earliest records around 1895–1900 denoting young hires assigned routine beats or errands while learning via on-the-ground scoops and editorial revisions in bustling city newsrooms. Such roles, prevalent in expanding dailies like those in New York and Chicago by the 1880s, prioritized raw legwork—chasing leads, interviewing sources, and drafting under deadlines—over formal training, reflecting the era's causal reality that reporting acumen derived from accumulated field exposures rather than journalism schools, which only proliferated post-1900. This usage persisted into the 20th century but highlighted apprenticeships' inefficiencies, as cubs often faced exploitation without structured progression, contrasting overly idealized views of youthful ingenuity with the documented churn of early dismissals for factual lapses.

Slang and Subcultural Meanings

In the bear subculture of gay male communities, "cub" refers to a younger man, often under 30 years old, who exhibits a stockier build with less body hair than mature bears, positioning him as an aspiring member of the larger, hirsute archetype that emphasizes traditional masculinity.^[19] This terminology developed within the broader bear culture, which originated in San Francisco during the 1970s and 1980s as a reaction against the mainstream gay emphasis on lean, smooth physiques.^[20] Ethnographic accounts describe cubs as typically large-framed and hirsute but at an earlier life stage, distinguishing them from "otters" (slimmer hairy men) or "wolves" (dominant hairy types).^[21] Within the furry fandom, "cub" denotes preadolescent anthropomorphic animal characters, generally depicted in safe-for-work (SFW) contexts that align with community guidelines prohibiting explicit content involving underage representations, a norm reinforced since the fandom's conventions gained structure in the early 2000s.^[22] These depictions focus on playful or familial themes, separate from adult "yiff" erotica, though the term has sparked platform debates over boundaries with non-consensual explicit "cub" material mimicking minors.^[23] In Northern Irish working-class vernacular, "cub" serves as slang for a young boy or small child, rooted in everyday familial and street language without formal institutional codification.^[24] This usage parallels terms like "cuddy" for girls and reflects regional dialect patterns observed in Belfast and surrounding areas, predating modern media influences.^[25]

Youth Organizations and Programs

Cub Scouting in Scouting America

Cub Scouting serves as the foundational program within Scouting America, targeting youth from kindergarten through fifth grade, with an emphasis on fostering self-reliance, practical outdoor skills, citizenship, and leadership through structured adventures and family involvement.^[26] Originally launched by the Boy Scouts of America on June 21, 1930, as a junior program for boys aged 9 to 11, it drew inspiration from the Wolf Cubs established by Robert Baden-Powell in the United Kingdom in 1916, adapting themes from Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book to promote character-building activities like camping, knot-tying, and nature exploration. Over decades, the program expanded to include younger participants, evolving into a grade-based structure with ranks such as Lion (kindergarten), Tiger (first grade), Wolf (second grade), Bear (third grade), and Webelos/Arrow of Light (fourth and fifth grades), where youth complete "adventures" blending hands-on skills with ethical discussions.^[27] Organizationally, Cub Scouting operates via local packs, each sponsored by a chartered organization like a school or church, comprising multiple dens of 6 to 8 youth led by a den leader and assistant, often with parental support and a Boy Scout den chief for guidance.^[28] Packs, overseen by a cubmaster and committee, host monthly meetings for awards ceremonies, games, and community service, culminating in events like pinewood derbies or campouts that instill resilience and teamwork. Since inception, the program has engaged millions of participants, contributing to broader Scouting America outcomes where alumni demonstrate higher leadership competencies and survival proficiencies, as evidenced by structured curricula in fire-building, first aid, and navigation.^[26] Longitudinal research underscores Cub Scouting's role in positive youth development, with a five-wave study of participants showing accelerated trajectories in character virtues like perseverance and empathy compared to non-Scouts, alongside reduced risks for substance use and behavioral issues through emphasis on moral reasoning and self-control.^[29]^[30] These benefits align with causal mechanisms of structured mentorship and outdoor challenges promoting delayed gratification and ethical decision-making, though institutional sources like Scouting America may overstate universality without controlling for self-selection biases in motivated families. Policy shifts in the 2010s, including girls' admission to Cub packs in 2018 and the organization's rebranding to Scouting America effective February 8, 2025, aimed to expand access beyond boys-only traditions, enabling coed dens and family-oriented inclusivity.^[31]^[32] Proponents cite increased participation opportunities, with some packs reporting up to 50% female membership post-2018, potentially broadening character education's reach.^[33] However, critics argue these changes diluted the program's historical male-specific rites of passage, such as boy-centric bonding and risk-taking, correlating with membership drops from over 2 million youth in 2018 to approximately 1 million by 2025, though pandemic disruptions confound direct causation.^[34]^[35] Retention analyses indicate challenges in sustaining traditional packs, with some leaders noting boy exits amid perceived identity erosion, prioritizing empirical declines over institutional narratives of seamless adaptation.^[36]

Transportation and Machinery

Aviation Applications

The Piper J-3 Cub, entering full production in 1938, features a fabric-covered fuselage and wings in a tandem two-seat configuration, powered by a 65 horsepower Continental A-65 engine, enabling short-field operations with a stall speed of approximately 40 miles per hour indicated.^[37]^[38]^[39] Its lightweight design, weighing under 1,300 pounds gross, prioritized simplicity and affordability, facilitating widespread civilian adoption for flight training and recreational flying prior to World War II.^[37]^[40] During the war, Piper manufactured over 5,000 L-4 Grasshopper variants—a militarized J-3 adaptation—for U.S. Army liaison, observation, and training missions, leveraging the type's low-speed handling and ability to operate from improvised airstrips as short as 100 feet.^[40]^[41] Despite successes in forward-area deployment, post-war assessments critiqued the L-4's vulnerability to small-arms fire and fighter interception owing to its unarmored structure, open cockpit, and maximum speed below 80 miles per hour, limiting sustained combat exposure.^[42] By 1947, cumulative J-3 production exceeded 19,000 units, cementing its role in democratizing aviation access through low operating costs around $5 per hour in period dollars.^[43] Contemporary evolutions like the CubCrafters CC19 XCub, certified in 2016, retain the Cub's tandem layout but incorporate carbon-fiber reinforcements and a gross weight of 2,300 pounds, with useful loads up to 1,084 pounds suited for rugged bush operations rather than speed or comfort.^[44]^[45] Equipped with engines from 180 to 215 horsepower, such as the Lycoming IO-390, it achieves cruise speeds over 140 miles per hour while maintaining short takeoff rolls under 100 feet at sea level.^[46] CubCrafters reached a production milestone in December 2023 by delivering its 1,000th new-build aircraft, an XCub variant, underscoring sustained demand for these high-durability platforms in remote utility roles.^[47] In March 2025, CubCrafters initiated full-scale production of the Carbon Cub UL, integrating a 160 horsepower Rotax 916 iS turbocharged engine for enhanced fuel efficiency—burning under 10 gallons per hour at cruise—while preserving the lineage's emphasis on payload capacity over opulent features, with initial deliveries commencing in the second quarter.^[48]^[49] This development reflects ongoing refinements in manufacturing processes to boost output for backcountry missions, where the design's causal strengths in low-altitude stability and terrain adaptability outperform heavier alternatives.^[48]

Ground Vehicles and Motorcycles

The Honda Super Cub, introduced in 1958 as a 50cc underbone motorcycle designed for economical urban mobility in post-war Japan, features a step-through frame, automatic transmission, and four-stroke engine emphasizing simplicity and low maintenance.^[50] Over 100 million units of the Super Cub series have been produced worldwide as of 2017, establishing it as the most manufactured motorized two-wheeler, with continued sales in developing markets due to its affordability and durability.^[51] Its fuel efficiency reaches up to 188 miles per US gallon in optimal conditions, driven by a lightweight design and efficient carbureted or fuel-injected engine, while reliability stems from robust components like pressed-steel frames and minimal electronics in base models.^[52]^[53] Later variants, such as the C125 ABS model from 2023, upscale to a 124cc air-cooled single-cylinder engine producing sufficient torque for city commuting at speeds up to 60 mph, though limited highway performance arises from modest power output around 9 horsepower and a small 3.7-liter fuel tank restricting range to approximately 200 miles.^[54]^[55] This design democratized personal transport in Asia and beyond, enabling widespread adoption in rural and congested areas where cars were impractical, with annual sales exceeding one million units into the 2020s before stricter emissions regulations prompted discontinuation of sub-50cc models in Japan by May 2025.^[56]^[57] In response to electrification trends, Honda launched the Cub e: electric bicycle in China in 2023, adapting the classic silhouette with a removable battery offering urban ranges suited to Generation Z riders, though limited to that market amid broader Asia-Pacific shifts toward hybrid and EV mopeds to meet pollution standards.^[58]^[59] Other notable "Cub" motorcycles include the Triumph Tiger Cub, a British 200cc two-stroke trail bike produced from 1954 to 1967, valued for its lightweight handling and off-road capability in post-war Europe but critiqued for vibration and parts scarcity today.^[60] These models collectively advanced accessible ground mobility, prioritizing cost-effective engineering over performance, with the Honda series dominating global impact through sheer volume and adaptability.^[61]

Agricultural and Other Equipment

The Farmall Cub tractor, produced by International Harvester from 1947 to 1979, represented the company's smallest utility model, equipped with a 4-cylinder C-60 gasoline engine delivering 9.25 belt horsepower and a 69.25-inch wheelbase for maneuverability on small plots under 10 acres.^[62] Its compact design, weighing approximately 1,877 pounds, facilitated tasks such as plowing, disking, cultivating, and light hauling, enabling small-scale farmers to transition from horse-drawn implements to mechanized operations and thereby reducing labor intensity compared to manual methods.^[63] ^[64] International Harvester's Cub Cadet line, launched in 1961 as heavy-duty garden tractors, extended into small-farm applications with models like the original Cub Cadet featuring a 4-cylinder engine and hydrostatic transmission options in later variants, providing reliable torque for mowing, tilling, and snow removal on properties too limited for full-sized tractors.^[65] These units, often under 20 horsepower, demonstrated durability in rural U.S. settings through simple mechanics and cast-iron components, sustaining productivity in non-industrial agriculture where larger equipment proved impractical.^[66] Adoption of such Cub-series equipment correlated with post-World War II gains in farm efficiency for independent operators, as its affordability—priced around $1,000 in the 1950s—empowered individual landowners to achieve yield improvements via timely fieldwork, predating the shift toward corporate-scale agribusiness reliant on high-horsepower machinery.^[67] However, by the 1980s, these models faced obsolescence against advanced diesel tractors offering greater power density and precision tech, limiting their role to hobby farms or restoration rather than commercial production.^[68]

Arts, Media, and Entertainment

Music and Bands

Cub was an indie pop band formed in Vancouver, British Columbia, in 1992 by Lisa Marr on guitar and vocals, Robynn Iwata on guitar and vocals, and Valeria Fellini on drums.^[69] The trio released their first three albums on the independent label Mint Records and disbanded in June 1997 after a final tour.^[70] Their music featured melodic, jangly indie pop with punk influences, characterized by raw, lo-fi production that prioritized energetic, unpolished performances over mainstream polish.^[71] The band's discography includes the debut mini-album Come Out, Come Out (1993), followed by the full-length Betti-Cola (1993), which showcased tracks like "Born with a Shotgun" and highlighted their upbeat, DIY ethos.^[70] Subsequent releases comprised Wax-Idol EP (1994) and the compilation Box of Trix (1996), compiling singles and rarities.^[69] Despite critical recognition for pioneering "cuddlecore"—a subgenre blending twee pop's sweetness with punk's aggression—their output achieved no major chart placements or widespread sales, reflecting the constraints of their independent distribution and aversion to commercial trends in the 1990s alternative rock landscape.^[70] Cub's influence persisted in niche indie scenes, fostering a cult following among fans of authentic, female-fronted lo-fi acts, though their disbandment curtailed broader impact amid the era's grunge and Britpop dominance.^[71] Later entities like the American indie rock group Wild Cub, active in the 2010s with albums such as Youth (2013), adopted the name independently but diverged into synth-driven sounds without direct lineage to the original. The Canadian Cub's legacy underscores the value of uncompromised expression in underground music, even at the expense of commercial viability.^[72]

Film, Literature, and Visual Arts

"Cub" is a 2014 Belgian-Dutch horror film written and directed by Jonas Govaerts in his feature-length debut.^[73] The plot centers on 12-year-old Sam, an imaginative and somewhat isolated boy attending a scouting camping trip in remote woods, where his group encounters escalating threats from a feral, wolf-like creature and human antagonists, leading to survival horror elements.^[73] Filmed primarily in the Belgian Ardennes with a cast including Maurice Luijten as Sam, the production emphasized authentic scouting dynamics and practical effects for tension, screening at festivals such as Fantastic Fest in October 2014.^[74] Critically, it holds a 5.9/10 rating on IMDb from over 6,000 users and 42% on Rotten Tomatoes from 26 reviews, with praise for inventive scares and child performances but critiques for predictable slasher tropes and underdeveloped characters.^[73]^[75] In literature, "Cub" (published January 2020) is a middle-grade graphic memoir by Cynthia L. Copeland, recounting her seventh-grade experiences in 1971–1972, including family dynamics, school challenges, job shadowing, and emerging self-confidence amid personal insecurities.^[76] Illustrated in a cartoonish style with diary excerpts, the 256-page work from Algonquin Young Readers targets young readers, earning a 4.1/5 average rating on Goodreads from over 1,300 reviews for its humorous, relatable portrayal of adolescence without overt didacticism.^[76] Another title, "Cub" (2021) from Orca Book Publishers, is a high-interest, low-vocabulary young adult novel by Paul Kropp focusing on a teen protagonist's adventures, designed for reluctant readers with fast-paced narrative.^[77] Visual arts representations titled "Cub" are sparse, with notable examples including commercial paintings like Collin Bogle's "Curious Cub II" (undated), a realistic depiction of a black bear cub emphasizing wildlife curiosity in wildlife art traditions.^[78] Sculptural works evoking the theme include Alexander Stirling Calder's "Man Cub" (modeled 1901–1902, cast later), a bronze figure of the artist's three-year-old son in playful pose, exemplifying early 20th-century American sculpture's focus on familial subjects.^[79] These pieces prioritize naturalistic rendering over abstract innovation, reflecting observational realism in animal and human youth motifs.

Publications and Journalism

The term "cub reporter," originating in American journalism around 1895, refers to an entry-level, inexperienced journalist who learns the craft through apprenticeship-like roles, often starting with routine local reporting tasks.^[80] This tradition parallels the naming of several student-led publications titled "The Cub" at U.S. high schools, which function as practical training venues for young writers emulating professional newsrooms. These outlets emphasize hands-on experience in gathering facts, crafting stories, and editing under faculty oversight, fostering skills in objective reporting amid school-specific constraints.^[81] Exemplifying this are longstanding papers such as The Cub at Sedro-Woolley High School in Washington, established in 1922 as an open forum for student expression, which produces monthly print editions distributed to approximately 1,000 students and staff while maintaining an online archive of community and school coverage.^[81] Similarly, The Cub at University of Detroit Jesuit High School has operated for over a century, selecting staff via competitive processes to cover news, features, and editorials, thereby contributing to local awareness of campus events and broader Jesuit educational values.^[82] At Ludlow High School in Massachusetts, the publication operates as a student-driven enterprise, with unsigned editorials reflecting editorial board consensus on issues like school policy, underscoring its role in grassroots discourse.^[83] While these youth publications advance free speech and early journalistic proficiency—evident in their coverage of verifiable local incidents and elections—they face inherent limitations from inexperienced contributors, potentially amplifying unvetted perspectives or errors common in novice work, as opposed to rigorously fact-checked professional outlets.^[84] Historical analyses link such apprentice models to the Gilded Age (circa 1865–1925), when depictions of young reporters in literature mirrored real-world entry into high-circulation dailies, though student "Cub" papers today prioritize school-centric impacts over the sensationalism of that era's mass media.^[85]

Notable People

Individuals with the Name or Nickname

Cub Swanson is an American professional mixed martial artist born in 1982, best known for competing in the Ultimate Fighting Championship's (UFC) featherweight division.^[86] With a career record of 30 wins and 14 losses as of 2024, Swanson has secured 14 victories by knockout or technical knockout, demonstrating striking prowess in a sport demanding physical durability and tactical adaptability.^[87] His UFC tenure includes over 20 bouts since 2006, marked by high-volume striking averages of 4.79 significant strikes landed per minute at 51% accuracy, underscoring consistent performance against elite competition.^[87] Swanson's resilience is evident in multiple comeback victories, including knockouts after absorbing heavy damage, reflecting the merit-based attrition of mixed martial arts where empirical fight outcomes determine longevity.^[88] Howard Pierce "Cub" Buck (August 7, 1892 – June 14, 1966) was an American football player and coach who excelled as a tackle.^[89] Standing 6 feet tall and weighing approximately 259 pounds, Buck starred at the University of Wisconsin before entering professional play, appearing in 54 games from 1920 to 1925 with the Canton Bulldogs and Green Bay Packers, contributing to early NFL success through his strength and endurance in 60-minute contests.^[90] He scored 54 points in his pro career, primarily via field goals and extra points, and later coached at Nevada and Wisconsin, influencing the sport's development during its formative years.^[91] Buck's induction into the Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame recognizes his foundational role in professional football's physical demands.^[89] Cub Stricker (January 17, 1859 – October 18, 1937), born Robert Brown Stricker, was a Major League Baseball second baseman and shortstop active from 1882 to 1890. Appearing in 641 games across teams including the Brooklyn Atlantics and Philadelphia Quakers, he compiled a .241 batting average with 384 hits and 237 runs scored, providing steady defense in baseball's early professional era characterized by rudimentary equipment and high injury rates. His career highlights include leading the American Association in fielding percentage at second base in 1884 (.945), emphasizing reliability in an era where player durability directly correlated with team viability.

Miscellaneous and Specialized Uses

Military and Technical Designations

The Piper J-3 Cub was militarized during World War II under U.S. Army Air Forces designations O-59 in 1941, transitioning to L-4 Grasshopper in April 1942 following the reclassification of observation aircraft to liaison roles.^[92] The U.S. Navy assigned it the designation NE-1 for similar utility purposes. These variants, powered by 65 hp Continental A-65 engines, featured a maximum speed of 85 mph, a range of 190 miles, and a service ceiling of 12,000 feet, enabling roles in pilot training, artillery forward observation, and short-range liaison missions across theaters like Europe and the Pacific.^[41] Production exceeded 5,000 units, with operational efficacy demonstrated in tasks such as spotting for field artillery, though the aircraft's lightweight fabric-covered structure proved vulnerable to ground fire and weather, contributing to high attrition rates in combat zones.^[93] The Antonov An-12, a Soviet medium-lift tactical transport aircraft, received the NATO reporting name "Cub" upon its introduction in 1959. Equipped with four Ivchenko AI-20 turboprop engines delivering 4,190 shp each, it accommodated a 20-ton payload over 2,300 miles at speeds up to 470 mph and altitudes of 33,500 feet, supporting paratroop drops, cargo transport, and medevac in adverse conditions.^[94] Deployed extensively by the Soviet Air Force and exported to over 20 nations, including use in the Soviet-Afghan War for supply lines and troop movements, the An-12's rear-loading ramp and defensive turrets enhanced its versatility, though documented structural failures in icing conditions led to losses, such as the 1973 crash of an Indian Air Force An-12 due to tail icing.^[95] Variants like Cub-B (An-12BP) incorporated pressurized cabins for improved high-altitude performance.^[95]

Brands, Products, and Modern Contexts

Cub Foods, a United States-based supermarket chain founded in 1968 under the name "Consumers United for Buying," operates primarily in Minnesota and Illinois with a no-frills model emphasizing volume purchasing to deliver everyday low prices, enabling consumer savings of up to 20-30% compared to traditional full-service grocers through reduced overhead like limited advertising and basic store layouts.^[96] By 2024, the chain held approximately 17% market share in the Twin Cities metropolitan area, supported by around 80 company-owned stores and additional franchised locations supplied via wholesale partnerships.^[97] This approach has sustained appeal amid inflation pressures, with private-label products comprising a growing portion of sales—preferred by 87% of shoppers for value—as the retailer expands store footprints and assortment efficiency.^[98] In the 2020s, Cub Foods has integrated technology to enhance operational efficiency and customer experience, including the 2023 deployment of Upshop's Expiration Date Management system across 55 stores to minimize waste and optimize inventory tracking via real-time scanning, potentially reducing food loss by 10-15% based on similar implementations.^[99] However, as a wholly owned subsidiary of United Natural Foods Inc. (UNFI) since 2018, the chain's growth contributes to market consolidation, where larger distributors control supply chains, potentially disadvantaging smaller independent grocers through economies of scale that favor volume over localized competition—evident in UNFI's oversight of 26 additional Cub-affiliated stores via equity and franchise models.^[100] While this structure bolsters affordability for budget-conscious consumers, 2025 customer surveys indicate dissatisfaction with understaffing in high-volume outlets, highlighting trade-offs in cost-cutting that prioritize margins over service density.^[101] Beyond groceries, "Cub"-branded products in modern contexts include niche applications like Cub Scout digital tools for youth organizations, where apps such as the Boy Scouts of America's Scoutbook integrate tracking features for Cub-level activities, seeing adoption by over 1 million users globally by 2023 for merit badge progress and parental engagement, though empirical data on retention shows mixed results tied to program participation rates rather than tech alone. This evolution reflects broader digitization in recreational branding, yet lacks widespread commercial scalability compared to retail giants like Cub Foods.

References

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Definition of CUB
### Summary of "Cub" from Merriam-Webster
[2]
CUB | definition in the Cambridge English Dictionary
a young lion, bear, wolf, etc.: A mother bear is fiercely protective of her cubs. a lion/tiger/panda/fox/wolf cub
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CUB Definition & Meaning - Dictionary.com
the young of certain animals, as the bear, lion, or tiger. a young shark. a young and inexperienced person, especially a callow youth or young man.Missing: etymology | Show results with:etymology
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Cub - Etymology, Origin & Meaning
Cub, from uncertain origin possibly Old Irish cuib or Old Norse kobbi, means a young fox or animal; originally whelp, extended to young bears, lions, etc.
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Oct 7, 2016 · The offspring of large cats like lions, tigers, leopards, and jaguars are also called cubs. Lions (Panthera leo) live in groups of up to 20 ...
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Gestation & Birth · January-March (Schwartz et al 2003) · Most litters 2 cubs; up to 4 cubs known. (Craighead et al 1995) · Birth weight: 400-500 g (14-18 oz) ( ...
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Newborn cubs have mouths shaped for sucking, and milk is their only food. The cubs do not hibernate. They have full metabolism for maximum growth rate. They ...
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Tiger cubs are born blind, weigh 1.75-3.5 lbs, and are cared for by their mother for the first few months. They start solid food at 6-8 weeks, and are weaned ...Missing: wildlife | Show results with:wildlife
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cub in American English · 1. the young of certain animals, as the bear, lion, or tiger · 2. a young shark · 3. a young and inexperienced person, esp. a callow ...
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Inside the etymological cave of “cub” - Mashed Radish
Nov 3, 2016 · We can trace its metaphorical use for an “undeveloped youth” to Shakespeare, “apprentice” or “beginner” to Mark Twain. While cub appears ...Missing: definition | Show results with:definition
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The liberally illustrated compendium of Elizabethan beliefs about animals, The History of Four-footed Beasts and Serpents, published in London in 1658.Missing: 16th | Show results with:16th
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a young and inexperienced person, esp. a callow youth or young man. 4. a young person serving as an apprentice. 5. cub reporter. 6.Missing: etymology | Show results with:etymology
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Aug 1, 2024 · Bear cub: There's no age requirement for joining the bearhood, but younger bears are typically called bear cubs. There's no cub graduation ...
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Physical, Behavioral, and Psychological Traits of Gay Men ... - NIH
The Bear community exists as a subculture in reaction to the larger gay community. It rejects the normative idealized male beauty revered by mainstream gay ...Missing: terminology | Show results with:terminology
[21]
A Literature Review of Health Risks in the Bear Community, a Gay ...
Dec 30, 2015 · For example, a younger, large-framed, hirsute man who identifies with the Bear community is referred to as a “Cub” (Lyons & Hosking, 2014).Missing: terminology | Show results with:terminology
[22]
A Newcomer's Guide To Furry Terms and Customs. | Dogpatch Press
Nov 7, 2016 · Cub: Chicago baseball team. Reply. Patch O'Furr says: November 9 ... I've heard the term “Boop” used in the fandom meaning a light tap on the nose ...Missing: underage | Show results with:underage
[23]
Discord's lax policy on furry 'cub content' leads to user outcry - Polygon
Jan 30, 2019 · “Cub” content is what the furry fandom refers to as explicit material depicting underage, animal-like characters. As with lolicon and shotacon ...
[24]
Terms of endearment loved by anyone who grew up in ... - Belfast Live
Aug 21, 2022 · “The weans're out playin' shop with babby dishes.” See also: “Cutty”/“cuddy” for a wee girl, “cub” for a wee boy. Two girls on the corner of ...
[25]
800+ Irish Slang & Swear Words, Expletives, Curses, Expressions ...
Cub, Young boy. Culchie, A person from the countryside (i.e. outside Dublin). Current bun, Rhyming slang for son. Cute hoor, Person who quietly engineers things ...<|separator|>
[26]
Cub Scouts - Scouting America
Cub Scouts is for boys and girls in grades K-5, encouraging friendship, helpfulness, and doing their best. They meet in dens and participate in activities.
[27]
The Advancement Trail - Scouting America
A brief walkthrough of the steps required for youth in grades K to 5 to advance through the ranks of the Cub Scouts.Missing: millions participants survival
[28]
How Cub Scouting is Organized
The pack is made up of several dens. The make up and size of the pack varies based on local interest and resources. Each pack is identified by a number.Cub Scout Den · Pack Committee · Pack · Pack Chartered Organization
[29]
A Five-Wave Longitudinal Study of Cub Scouts and Non-Scout Boys
This article examined the developmental trajectories of character and other positive attributes, which are of focal concern of the Boy Scouts of America and ...Missing: delinquency | Show results with:delinquency
[30]
[PDF] Boy Scouts of America as a Viable Prevention for Substance Use
More specifically, the study sought to find evidence that the. Boys Scouts of America (BSA) might help prepare youth to avoid drug use or delay drug use to.
[31]
Boy Scouts of America to Become Scouting America
May 7, 2024 · On February 8, 2025, the Boy Scouts of America will rebrand to Scouting America, reflecting the organization's ongoing commitment to welcome ...
[32]
Boy Scouts of America rebranding to more inclusive Scouting America
May 7, 2024 · In 2017, it made the historic announcement that girls would be accepted as Cub Scouts as of 2018 and into the flagship Boy Scout program —
[33]
Scouting America Branding Update
May 14, 2024 · Our pack has nearly 50% female scouts now, but much of the branding around Scoutbook and the templates used for event emails all have the old BSA logos.
[34]
Boy Scouts see a small membership uptick after rebrand to Scouting ...
Feb 8, 2025 · The organization, which began allowing girls to join its scouting programs in 2018, has just over 1 million members. Krone said Cub Scouts, the ...
[35]
BSA's new member model creates embarrassing membership loss
Dec 22, 2024 · Adding girls in 2018 and 2019 does not appear to have had much of an effect. Back to the main point, we do not have a good case that ...
[36]
[PDF] BSA BEST STUDY - Montclair State University
Jan 17, 2021 · Adult leaders expressed concern about recruitment and retention for girls' troops as well. Several leaders reported that their linked girls' ...
[37]
Piper J-3 Cub - Aviation Consumer
Oct 29, 2019 · The 1937 J-3 was powered by a tiny 40 HP Continental A-40 and had a fuel capacity of nine gallons. The following year, Piper offered a 50 HP ...Missing: debut specifications
[38]
Piper J3 Cub - AOPA
Specifications ; Oil Capacity, 4 quarts, 4Â½ quarts ; Performance ; Do Not Exceed Speed, 74 Knots-Level Flight and Climbs 100 Knots- In a Glide or Dive, 78 Knots- ...Missing: history debut
[39]
J3 Cub - Piper Owner Society
The “real” 65-hp Piper J-3 Cub was only built from 1938 to 1947, but variations on the theme, the Super Cruiser and Clipper, were offered with engines ranging ...Missing: history | Show results with:history
[40]
World War II and The Piper Cub - Robert Novell
Its Continental engine produced only 65 hp, yet the L-4′s excellent short field performance enabled it to operate from the smallest of improvised airstrips ...
[41]
Piper L-4A “Grasshopper” - Air Force Museum
The L-4 on display is painted and marked to represent an L-4 that flew in support of the Allied invasion of North Africa in November 1942.
[42]
When the Piper Cub Roamed the Battlefield - War on the Rocks
Dec 20, 2017 · One of the last air-to-air kills in the European theater is credited to an L-4 Grasshopper observation aircraft.Missing: criticisms evaluations
[43]
Piper J-3 Cub | National Air and Space Museum
When production ended in 1947, 19,888 Piper Cubs had been built. This Cub was built in 1941 and accumulated more than 6,000 hours of flying time before being ...Missing: stall | Show results with:stall
[44]
XCub - CubCrafters
XCub's useful load is as high as 1,084 lbs. Today's Part 23 certification requirements ensure this is the strongest Cub ever produced.Configure Your · Top Cub · Aircraft ComparisonMissing: milestones 2020s
[45]
CubCrafters Nosewheel XCub Headed for Production
Jun 18, 2020 · The XCub program has achieved a number of significant milestones in its short history. After initial FAA certification in June of 2016, the XCub ...Missing: 2020s | Show results with:2020s
[46]
CubCrafters XCub and NXCub now available as kits
Jul 23, 2025 · Tailwheel (XCub) or tricycle (NXub) gear interchangeable · Engine options: Lycoming O-360 (180 hp) or CC393i (215 hp) · Cruise speeds in excess of ...
[47]
PRESS RELEASE - CubCrafters Delivers Its 1000th New Production ...
Dec 20, 2023 · The CC19-215 XCub is CubCrafters' flagship aircraft. With the largest engine, a 215 HP Lycoming IO-390 with dual electronic ignition, and the ...Missing: specifications 2020s
[48]
PRESS RELEASE - The Carbon Cub UL Enters Full Scale Production
Mar 27, 2025 · The Carbon Cub UL offers a superior balance of power, advanced technology, and fuel efficiency, all of which is ideal for a wider range of backcountry missions ...
[49]
Carbon Cub UL enters full-scale production - General Aviation News
Mar 30, 2025 · CubCrafters reports its Carbon Cub UL has officially entered production, with the first customer deliveries scheduled to begin in the second quarter of 2025.Missing: milestones | Show results with:milestones
[50]
The 100 Million Unit Production Milestone｜Cub Stories｜HISTORY
Held at Honda's Kumamoto Factory on October 19, 2017, this ceremony marked the worldwide production of the Super Cub series' 100 millionth machine.
[51]
History of the Honda Super Cub: How It Conquered the World With ...
Nov 8, 2024 · Over 100 million Super Cubs have been sold worldwide, making it the most widely produced gasoline-powered conveyance on the planet.
[52]
Honda Super Cub 125 REVIEW. 188 mpg. This fuel efficient...
Mar 25, 2022 · Honda Super Cub 125 REVIEW. 188 mpg. This fuel efficient motorcycle will save you money on transport | VOG Forum.Missing: reliability criticisms
[53]
2023 Honda Super Cub C125 ABS | Minimoto
In stock124cc fuel-injected engine. Nobody can match our reputation for engines. Despite its compact size, it delivers exceptional performance and reliability.<|separator|>
[54]
2023 Honda Super Cub C125 Specifications
Nov 7, 2022 · 2023 Honda Super Cub C125 SPECIFICATIONS. Model. SUPER CUB C125 ABS. ENGINE. Type, 124cc air-cooled 80º single-cylinder four-stroke.
[55]
Reviewed: Honda C125 Super Cub | Carole Nash
Feb 7, 2022 · The design doesn't allow for any underseat storage, which is one of the great benefits of scooters, and the diddy fuel tank only holds 3.7 ...
[56]
The World's Best-Selling Motorcycle: The Scoot of the Super Cub
Feb 12, 2025 · From its humble beginnings in the late 1950s, Honda's Super Cub motorbike has gone on to hit a production total of more than 100 million ...
[57]
Honda's Super Cub 50 Rides into the Sunset as Electric Future ...
Nov 12, 2024 · The Super Cub 50 will cease production in May 2025 due to new emission standards and the unfeasibility of maintaining pricing while meeting ...
[58]
Honda launches $885 Cub electric moped, but not what we hoped
Jan 12, 2023 · The Cub e: certainly draws inspiration from the classic Honda Super Cub, yet it also takes on modern design cues. It's a more simplified look ...
[59]
Dax e: / ZOOMER e: Electric Bicycles in China - Honda Global
Jan 10, 2023 · Honda announced three electric bicycle (EB*) models aimed at young Generation Z consumers in China: the Honda Cub e:, the Dax e:, and the ZOOMER e:.
[60]
Triumph Tiger Cub - British Classic Motorcycles
It went into production starting in the 1954 model year and continued up to and including model year 1957. Compared with the D3 BSA Bantam of that period that ...
[61]
Honda Super Cub: All About The History-Making Motorcycle - Jalopnik
Oct 5, 2025 · Honda has sold over 100 million units, and that was back in 2017, so the numbers are surely higher now.Missing: specs 2023
[62]
TractorData.com Farmall Cub tractor information
Apr 28, 2024 · Farmall Cub ; Wheelbase, 69.25 inches 175 cm ; Weight, 1477 to 1877 pounds ; Front tire, 4.00-12 ; Rear tire, 8-24 ; Full dimensions and tires ...Full dimensions and tires... · International Harvester Cub · Engine details... · Photos
[63]
TractorData.com Farmall Cub tractor information
Jul 14, 2023 · Farmall Cub ; Wheelbase, 69.3 inches 176 cm ; Weight, 2072 lbs 939 kg ; Front tire, 3-12 ; Rear tire, 6-24,7-24 ; Full dimensions and tires ...
[64]
Farmall Cub - Maine Organic Farmers and Gardeners Association
The most versatile, useful, practical farm machine ever made was the Farmall Cub. Introduced in 1947 to replace horses and mules on small farms.
[65]
The Tough International Harvester Cub Cadet Compact Garden ...
Apr 1, 2004 · An obvious standout at its debut in 1961, the International Harvester Cub Cadet compact tractor is still a popular and versatile lawn and garden tractor nearly ...
[66]
https://octanepress.com/content/cub-cadet
[67]
https://ihgear.com/blogs/ih-scout-news-blog-ih-gear-international-harvester-truck/how-the-farmall-cub-charged-tractor-history
[68]
https://www.brokentractor.com/p/farmall-cub-yellow-tractor-specs-parts-and-serial-numbers-1947-1979-farmall-cub-yellow-tractor-specs-parts-serial-number/
[69]
cub | Mint Records
Cub formed in 1992 by Lisa Marr, Robynn Iwata, and Valeria Fellini, known for their 'crush pop' sound, and their first three albums were released on Mint ...
[70]
Cub Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio & More - AllMusic
Active. 1990s ; Formed. 1992 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada ; Disbanded. June, 1997 ; Genre. Pop/Rock ; Styles. Alternative/Indie Rock, Indie Pop, Indie ...
[71]
cub bio - cub is a band
Cub was an indie rock band from Vancouver, British Columbia, which formed in 1992 and disbanded in 1997. They played a melodic, jangly form of pop punk.
[72]
Cub - Best Ever Albums
The best album credited to Cub is Betti-Cola which is ranked number 44,114 in the overall greatest album chart with a total rank score of 16. Cub is ranked ...
[73]
Cub (2014) - IMDb
Rating 5.9/10 (6,388) Cub: Directed by Jonas Govaerts. With Maurice Luijten, Evelien Bosmans, Titus De Voogdt, Stef Aerts. Over-imaginative 12 year-old Sam heads off to the woods ...
[74]
Writer/director Jonas Govaerts talks Cub, authentic boy scouts, and ...
Oct 20, 2014 · Writer/director Jonas Govaerts talks Cub, authentic boy scouts, and yes, the dog scene [INTERVIEW] [Fantastic Fest 2014]. October 20, 2014 ...
[75]
Cub | Rotten Tomatoes
Rating 42% (26) Cub is characterised by terrific performances (especially from the pre-teen cast), playfully ghoulish bloodwork, and the most inventive instruments of death ...
[76]
Cub by Cynthia L. Copeland - Goodreads
Rating 4.1 (1,310) Jan 7, 2020 · A laugh-out-loud funny and empowering graphic memoir about growing up and finding your voice. Twelve-year-old Cindy has just dipped a toe into seventh-grade ...
[77]
https://www.orcabook.com/Cub
[78]
Curious Cub II - Bear Cub - Collin Bogle
In stock Free deliveryBlack bear cub painting art print by Collin Bogle. Close (esc) Curious Cub II - Bear Cub $49.00 Shipping calculated at checkout.
[79]
Alexander Stirling Calder, "Man Cub" (1901-1902) | PAFA
"Man Cub," modeled from life, depicts the sculptor's son, Alexander ("Sandy" Calder), at the age of three. The simple, playful treatment gives the work the ...Missing: visual | Show results with:visual
[80]
CUB REPORTER Definition & Meaning - Dictionary.com
Cub reporter definition: a young and rather inexperienced newspaper reporter.. See examples of CUB REPORTER used in a sentence.
[81]
About the Cub
The Cub newspaper has been open for student expression since 1922. Our Reporters and Editors work around the clock year round to not only produce a monthly ...
[82]
Newsroom - University of Detroit Jesuit High School and Academy
The Cub News is the official school newspaper of U of D Jesuit for more than 100 years. The staff is chosen through a competitive process at the beginning ...
[83]
About - The Cub
The Cub, a student-run newspaper of Ludlow High School, is a forum for student expression. All unsigned editorials are the consensus of the editorial staff, ...<|separator|>
[84]
BASH Cub – The student news site of Boyertown Area Senior High ...
Announcing the BASH Cub's newest Editor-in-Chief… May 19, 2025. John Loos with the Cub's advisor, Mrs. Schaarschmidt, during a Cub meeting. Letter from the ...
[85]
Cub Reporters: American Children's Literature and Journalism in the ...
Cub Reporters considers the intersections between children's literature and journalism in the United States during the period between the Civil War and World ...
[86]
Cub Swanson (Featherweight) MMA Profile - ESPN
Team. Bloodline Combat. Follow. Stats. W-L-D. 30-14-0. (T)KO. 14-3. SUB. 4-7. Overview · News · Stats · Bio · Fight History. Previous Fight. Featherweight Tampa ...Stats · News · Bio
[87]
Cub Swanson Record: 30-14-0 - UFC Stats
Cub Swanson Record: 30-14-0 ... Career statistics: SLpM: 4.79; Str. Acc.: 51%; SApM: 4.00; Str. Def: 59%.
[88]
Cub "Killer" Swanson MMA Stats, Pictures, News, Videos, Biography
"Killer" ; WEIGHT, 145 lbs / 65.77 kg ; TKO. 14. Meter. 47% ; SUBMISSIONS. 4. Meter. 13% ; DECISIONS. 12 ; TKO. 3. Meter. 21%.
[89]
Howard “Cub” Buck - Green Bay Packers
A mammoth tackle who weighed upwards of 280 pounds, Buck was strong, agile and durable enough to play 60 minutes. More than 20 years after he retired, former ...
[90]
Cub Buck Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Draft, College
Cub Buck. Howard Pierce Buck. Position: T · 6-0, 259lb (183cm, 117kg). Born: August 7, 1892 in Eau Claire County, WI. Died: June 14, 1966 in Rock Island, IL.Missing: American | Show results with:American
[91]
Cub Buck football statistics on StatsCrew.com
Cub Buck played from 1920 to 1925 during his career with the Canton Bulldogs and Green Bay Packers. Buck accounted for 54 points in his professional career.Missing: American | Show results with:American
[92]
Piper J-3 Cub / L-4 Grasshopper - Technical Data / Description
The US Army variants were initially designated O-59 and later L-4 Grasshopper, US Navy designation of the J-3 was NE-1. The Piper J-3 Cub is a development of ...
[93]
Military To Civilian: The Story Of The Piper Cub - Simple Flying
Aug 30, 2024 · During World War II, the Piper J-3 Cub was adapted for military use and became known as the L-4 Grasshopper. Its simplicity, reliability, and ...
[94]
Military Transport Aircraft - Antonov An-12 (Cub)
The Antonov An-12 (NATO codename of "Cub") was the primary medium-lift military transport of the Soviet Union and its satellite states and allies during the ...
[95]
Designations of Soviet and Russian Military Aircraft and Missiles
Jan 18, 2008 · Fixed-wing aircraft are designated by reporting names beginning with code letters designating the aircraft's mission. ... Cub-B Cub-C Cub-D ...
[96]
Cub Foods Celebrates 40 Years in Business - RetailWire
Cub, which stands for “Consumers United for Buying,” focused on delivering low prices every day to its shoppers by buying in volume.Missing: metrics | Show results with:metrics
[97]
Inside the Grocery Store Boom | Twin Cities Business
Jun 14, 2024 · CSG defines Cub's market share as 17%, but it doesn't include franchised stores. Factoring those in, Persaud believes Cub is the dominant grocer ...Missing: metrics | Show results with:metrics
[98]
Private-label food brands are growing as consumers budget more
and 87% of Cub shoppers — sometimes prefer private brand ...
[99]
Cub Deploys Upshop's Expiration Date Management Technology
Jun 5, 2023 · Minnesota food retailer Cub has implemented Upshop's Expiration Date Management product across 55 stores. The partnership is expected to ...Missing: founding metrics<|separator|>
[100]
2024 UNFI Impact Report by UNFI Better for All - Issuu
Jan 22, 2025 · In addition, we supply another 26 Cub Foods stores operated by our Wholesale customers through franchise and equity ownership arrangements.
[101]
UFCW 663 Releases 2025 Cub Customer Survey Results
Mar 13, 2025 · UFCW 663 releases Cub Customer Survey Results that show customers want more staff in stores.Missing: founding expansion metrics