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Hopper

Edward Hopper (July 22, 1882 – May 15, 1967) was an realist painter and printmaker whose works depicted solitary figures in everyday urban and rural settings, emphasizing themes of isolation and modernity. Regarded as one of the foremost artists of the , Hopper's selective portrayal of reality through stark lighting, empty spaces, and introspective subjects captured the underlying tensions of life amid industrialization and social change. His painting (1942), featuring a late-night scene with figures lost in quiet disconnection, exemplifies his ability to evoke emotional depth from mundane scenarios and remains one of the most recognizable images in modern art. Hopper's career spanned over five decades, during which he produced more than 800 works, focusing on the interplay between human figures and their environments to highlight conflicts between tradition and progress, as well as interpersonal detachment. Trained at the New York School of Art under , he drew inspiration from European masters like Degas and early American landscapists, yet developed a distinctly personal style marked by geometric compositions and psychological intensity rather than overt narrative. Despite initial struggles for recognition, his retrospective at the in 1964 solidified his legacy as a master of realist craft, influencing subsequent generations of artists with his unflinching examination of solitude in the American experience.

Biological entities

Insects and arthropods

In entomology, the term "hopper" primarily refers to leaping insects, encompassing both immature nymphs of larger orthopterans and small hemipteran species adapted for jumping via enlarged hind legs. This designation highlights their characteristic saltatory locomotion, which aids in foraging, predator evasion, and dispersal. The nymphal stages of grasshoppers (family ) and locusts are commonly known as hoppers, representing the juvenile phase in their hemimetabolous . These wingless instars, which undergo 5 to 6 molts depending on species and environmental conditions, closely resemble miniature adults but lack fully developed wings and reproductive organs; they feed voraciously on , contributing to outbreaks when populations surge, as observed in historical locust plagues affecting across continents. Grasshopper hoppers typically emerge from soil-laid egg pods in spring, with hind femora modified for powerful jumps exceeding their body length, enabling rapid migration in dense bands during peak densities exceeding 100 individuals per square meter in outbreak years. Among adult hoppers, leafhoppers (family Cicadellidae) comprise over 3,000 North American species alone, characterized by their wedge-shaped bodies, bristle-like antennae, and ability to hop sideways, forwards, or backwards in a crab-like manner to evade threats. These minute herbivores (1-3 mm long) pierce plant with stylet mouthparts to extract sap, often transmitting phytopathogens like aster yellows virus, which can devastate crops such as grapes and ; for instance, the potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae) causes yield losses up to 50% in untreated fields through hopperburn, a toxic saliva-induced symptom. Planthoppers (infraorder Fulgoromorpha) and (family Membracidae) represent additional hopper groups, with planthoppers exceeding 12,500 described species globally and featuring exaggerated head projections for or defense. These similarly exploit or for nutrition, with jumping velocities reaching 4.2 m/s in some species due to catapult-like hind leg mechanisms involving slow-fast muscle contractions; , noted for foam-producing nymphs ("spittlebugs"), hop to escape predators while their pronotal extensions mimic thorns or debris. While predominantly , the hopper moniker occasionally extends to certain non-insect like camel crickets (), which hop via elongated hind legs in dark habitats, though they lack the societal or agricultural impact of insect hoppers. Overall, hoppers exemplify adaptations for mobility in diverse ecosystems, from grasslands to forests, underscoring their ecological roles as herbivores and disease vectors.

Engineering and mechanical uses

Industrial containers and feeders

In industrial applications, a hopper functions as a funnel-shaped designed to store and dispense bulk materials, such as powders, granules, or , facilitating controlled gravity-driven flow into or conveyors. These devices are essential in for metering materials at variable rates, preventing blockages, and ensuring efficient transfer without additional mechanical aids in many cases. Typically constructed from metal like , hoppers may incorporate liners or coatings to mitigate , , or material . Hoppers integrate with feeders to regulate discharge rates and prevent issues like arching or rat-holing, where cohesive materials form stable bridges over outlets. Common feeder types paired with hoppers include for light, free-flowing materials; for consistent volume control; for precise metering of cohesive powders; and for heavy-duty handling of loads. For instance, vibratory systems apply undirected oscillations to break clumps and promote even distribution, while rotary or drag feeders suit sticky or irregular particulates. Design principles emphasize material-specific flow properties, including , , , and , to achieve mass flow—where the entire contents mobilize simultaneously—over less reliable funnel flow. Critical parameters include hopper half-angle (typically 15–30 degrees for mass flow in conical designs), outlet dimensions exceeding the material's critical arching span (often calculated via Janssen's equation for wall friction), and transition zones to feeders sized for steady discharge. Rectangular or wedge-shaped hoppers may be preferred for space constraints, with custom variants accommodating high-capacity up to thousands of cubic meters. Applications span bulk material handling in sectors like pharmaceuticals, food processing, and metals recycling, where hoppers ensure regulated supply to lines, reducing downtime from inconsistent feeding. For example, in powder processing, hopper-feeder assemblies prevent segregation and flooding by matching outlet geometry to the powder's flow function, as validated through shear cell testing per standards like ASTM D6773. Poor design, ignoring these factors, can lead to 20–50% capacity losses from flow obstructions, underscoring the need for empirical testing over empirical approximations.

Mining and material handling

In mining operations, serve as intermediate storage vessels designed to receive, temporarily hold, and dispense bulk materials such as , , aggregates, or , facilitating controlled flow to downstream processes like crushing, conveying, or screening. These structures mitigate irregular supply surges from activities by providing a , ensuring steady volumetric feed rates to equipment that requires consistent input to avoid blockages or inefficiencies. For instance, feed in processing can accommodate thousands of tonnes of material, integrating with crushers to maintain operational continuity. Hoppers in this context are typically constructed as inverted pyramidal or conical enclosures, often from abrasion-resistant or lined composites to withstand the erosive impact of abrasive particulates. The discharge mechanism at the base—such as vibrating feeders, feeders, or —regulates outflow based on material properties like , cohesion, and , preventing issues like arching or ratholing that could halt movement. In systems, metering hoppers specifically adjust supply rates to match conveyor speeds, enabling scalable throughput from batch to continuous operations. Common types include surge hoppers for volume equalization, self-dumping hoppers for forklift-assisted transport and unloading of loose aggregates, and bottom-dump variants that release contents gravitationally for rapid evacuation. Self-dumping models, prevalent in and recycling-adjacent handling, feature a tipping mechanism activated at elevation to empty into chutes or bins, reducing manual labor and enhancing . In underground or open-pit settings, hoppers often interface with chutes to direct flow from loaders to primary crushers, with capacities scaled to excavation cycles—e.g., holding sufficient for uninterrupted operation. Design optimization emphasizes flow dynamics, with wall angles exceeding the material's wall (typically 20–60 degrees depending on the type) to promote over , minimizing or . Wear monitoring technologies, such as ultrasonic sensors, are increasingly applied in high-abrasion environments like hoppers to predict liner failures and extend . These components are integral to handling efficiency, reducing downtime in sectors processing millions of tonnes annually.

Computing and technology

Hardware architectures

The Hopper microarchitecture is a graphics processing unit (GPU) design developed by Nvidia for data center applications, succeeding the Ampere architecture and preceding Blackwell. Introduced to accelerate artificial intelligence (AI) and high-performance computing (HPC) workloads, it powers GPUs such as the H100 Tensor Core, which debuted in March 2022. The architecture incorporates fourth-generation Tensor Cores with support for FP8 precision, enabling dynamic adjustment of numerical formats to optimize performance for transformer-based models without sacrificing accuracy. Central to Hopper is the Transformer Engine, a hardware-software co-design that mixes FP8 and FP16 computations to deliver up to 6x higher performance in AI training compared to Ampere's FP16 Tensor Cores, as measured on large language models like GPT-3. This engine addresses the quadratic scaling challenges in transformer inference by sparsifying operations and reducing memory bandwidth demands. Hopper also enhances asynchronous execution through features like the second-generation Multi-Instance GPU (MIG) and improved thread block clustering, allowing finer-grained parallelism and up to 7x better efficiency in memory-bound tasks. Additionally, it integrates NVLink 4.0 interconnects with up to 900 GB/s bidirectional bandwidth per GPU, facilitating scalable multi-node systems for exascale computing. The GH100 GPU implementation, the flagship of Hopper, is fabricated on TSMC's 4NP process node with 80 billion transistors across an 814 mm² die. It features 132-144 streaming multiprocessors (SMs), each with 128 FP32 cores and 4 Tensor Cores, yielding up to 16,896 FP32 cores and 528 Tensor Cores per full-chip configuration. subsystems include up to 80 of HBM3 at 3 TB/s , with a 50 MB L2 cache, supporting configurations like the H100 SXM for dense AI clusters. Hopper extends to the Grace Hopper Superchip, pairing the GH100 with Arm-based Grace CPU via NVLink-C2C for coherent , achieving up to 1 TB/s CPU-GPU . These elements position Hopper as a foundation for trillion-parameter AI models, with real-world deployments demonstrating 4-9x inference speedups over prior architectures in benchmarks from and .

Software applications and tools

Hopper Disassembler is a tool designed for disassembling, decompiling to C-like , and 32- and 64-bit binaries. Key features include visualization with PDF export, integration with LLDB and GDB debuggers, scripting support via an extensible SDK, and AI-enhanced analysis through an optional MCP server. It supports , ELF, and PE file formats, as well as architectures such as ARM and x86, making it suitable for analyzing macOS, , , and Windows applications. Developed by the Hopper Team (under Cryptic Apps), the software runs natively on macOS 12.4 or later and has been available since the early 2010s, with version 6.0.6 released on October 2, 2025. Hopper Security is an enterprise-focused open-source platform for that performs function-level reachability analysis to pinpoint exploitable vulnerabilities, achieving up to 93% reduction in alert noise compared to package-level scanning tools. It supports multiple programming languages, offers agentless deployment, and includes AI-guided remediation recommendations to accelerate threat resolution. The platform emerged from on April 22, 2025, emphasizing precision over broad metadata-based detection methods, which often generate false positives in environments like shaded dependencies. Additional computing tools named Hopper include a GitHub-hosted released on November 8, 2023, which automates interpretative fuzzing to generate test cases for libraries and identify security flaws. Another is a database stored routine for stepping through procedures in SQL-based systems. Niche implementations, such as file management utilities in environments, also exist but are site-specific.

Video game components

In Minecraft, the hopper is a functional block designed for automated item transportation and storage management within player-built contraptions. It passively collects dropped items or blocks from the space directly above it, holding up to five stacks in its internal inventory before transferring them to adjacent containers, such as chests or furnaces, via a configurable output direction. This mechanic enables complex automation systems, including item sorters, farms, and clocks, where hoppers can be disabled by powering them with signals to prevent unwanted transfers. Introduced as part of the Redstone Update in Edition 1.5, the hopper's directional funnel shape and integration with minecarts allow for extended piping networks, though it processes items at a rate of approximately 2.5 items per second, limited by game ticks. In , the hopper functions as a deployable electrical component for gathering in scenarios. When powered and attached to like large boxes or barrels, it automatically vacuums items, animal corpses, or loot drops within a 3-meter radius, depositing them directly into the connected container without manual intervention. Added in early 2025 as part of electrical system expansions, this tool supports bases and automated farming by reducing scavenging time, though it requires a stable power source and is vulnerable to raids. Coin hoppers, while primarily hardware peripherals, serve as payout mechanisms in arcade video games, dispensing tokens or coins upon credits earned. These electromechanical devices, often featuring motors and sensors for 600+ coins per minute output, integrate with game cabinets to handle payouts in titles like classic slots or redemption games, using proximity to detect and count ejections accurately.

Transportation equipment

Rail and bulk transport vehicles

Hopper cars, also known as hopper wagons, are specialized freight cars engineered for transporting loose commodities including , aggregates, minerals, and grains, with sloped sides and bottom or doors that enable gravity-assisted unloading directly onto conveyors or . These cars typically measure 37 to 65 feet in length, with load capacities ranging from 100 to 143 tons depending on strength and gross weight limits set by rail standards, such as 263,000 to 286,000 pounds for modern covered models. Open-top hopper cars, lacking a , suit weather-resistant loads like or and feature 2 to 3 compartments with cubic capacities of 2,300 to 2,800 cubic feet; they originated in the late for ore and but evolved significantly by the early , with examples like the Railroad's 70-ton conversions in 1909. Covered hopper cars incorporate a fixed and sealed hatches to shield moisture-sensitive materials such as , fertilizers, or resins from environmental exposure, often with interior linings for or resistance; small variants are 42 feet long with 2 bays and loads of 207,000 to 233,000 pounds, while larger 3-bay models extend to 60 feet with capacities up to 5,200 cubic feet or more. These became prevalent for in the late , addressing earlier reliance on boxcars, and now dominate dry bulk rail freight, with specialized subtypes like Pressureaide cars for pressurized discharges. Unloading occurs via bottom outlets—trough, circular, or rapid-discharge gates—facilitating high-volume operations at terminals equipped with rotary dumpers that rotate cars 360 degrees for complete emptying. In road-based bulk transport, primarily consist of semi-trailers with hopper bottoms, featuring sloped floors converging to rear or side gates for efficient discharge of dry commodities like , nuts, or aggregates via , augers, or pneumatic systems. These trailers, often aluminum for reduction, range from 39 to 53 feet in with capacities tailored to commodities—such as 1,000 cubic feet or more for —and support loads up to legal limits, typically 80,000 pounds gross vehicle including . Bottom-dump hopper trailers, used for hauling of products like almonds or , incorporate three-hoppers or walking-beam suspensions for on uneven , while pneumatic variants enable air-assisted unloading for finer powders. Such vehicles complement by providing flexible short-haul or last-mile delivery, with designs emphasizing cleanability and durability, as in models with smooth bores and reinforced from manufacturers like Timpte or Heil.

Maritime and dredging vessels

Trailing suction hopper dredgers (TSHDs) are self-propelled maritime vessels designed for loose sediments like , , and from , storing the material in an onboard hopper—a large open hold—for transport to disposal or reclamation sites. These vessels operate by trailing one or two pipes equipped with dragheads along the seabed while underway at speeds of 3–5 knots, using powerful dredge pumps to create a that lifts material through the pipes into the hopper. Discharge occurs via bottom doors opening to release the load directly overboard or through rainbowing via elevated pipes for land-based placement. The design evolved from earlier stationary suction hopper dredgers, a innovation that combined dredging and onboard storage, with modern TSHDs becoming prominent in the for efficient, mobile operations over large areas. They are widely used for port maintenance, channel deepening, , and large-scale , capable of handling hopper capacities from 1,000 m³ in smaller units to over 40,000 m³ in giants like those operated by firms such as , which transport across oceans. Notable examples include the Reimerswaal, equipped with an 1,800 kW dredge and extended suction pipe for deep-water extraction, and the Antigoon with an 8,400 m³ hopper volume using a single suction pipe. Hopper barges complement TSHDs as non-self-propelled, flat-bottomed vessels towed by tugs, featuring open-topped hoppers for carrying dredged spoil, aggregates, or bulk cargoes such as , , or , with capacities typically ranging from 500 to 5,000 m³. Split-hull variants allow the bottom to open longitudinally for rapid dumping at sea, minimizing environmental dispersion compared to side-dumping methods, and they support dredging by shuttling material from dredgers to reclamation sites. Historical wooden hopper barges emerged in the in U.S. ports like , built for sludge transport, evolving into steel-constructed units by the early for heavier maritime duties. These barges enable cost-effective bulk handling in coastal and inland waterways, often integrated into projects requiring precise spoil placement.

Geographical locations

Natural and geological features

Hopper crystals represent a distinctive in mineral growth, forming stepped, pyramidal structures where crystal edges develop ahead of face centers, creating recessed or "hoppered" depressions. This arises under conditions of rapid from supersaturated solutions, as observed in () where fast growth produces a series of connected square pyramids. Such forms are common in minerals like and can preserve pseudomorphic shapes in sedimentary rocks, influencing diagenetic patterns in salt deposits. The Devil's Millhopper in , is a prominent measuring approximately 120 feet (37 m) deep and 500 feet (150 m) wide at the rim, funnel-shaped like a hopper due to collapse into underlying cavities. It exposes over 100 feet of stratified geological layers from to Pleistocene epochs, showcasing dissolution processes in the system, with formation likely initiated 10,000 to 15,000 years ago amid post-glacial sea-level changes. In , The Hopper is a glacial —a steep-walled, bowl-shaped —located on the western flank of in the , marking the southernmost such feature in . Shaped by Pleistocene ice erosion into the Cheshire and related metasediments, it forms a deep valley enclosed by ridges, with elevations dropping over 1,000 feet from the summit, influencing local and supporting unique microclimates. Hopper Mountain in , stands at 4,525 feet (1,379 m) within the western , composed primarily of Modelo Formation strata including shales and sandstones deformed by thrust faulting. Adjacent Hopper Canyon exhibits active along the north-dipping San Cayetano reverse fault, with uplift rates contributing to canyon incision and exposure of folded sedimentary rocks since the . The Formation, an Upper unit within Montana's Livingston Group, consists of olive-gray and yellowish-gray volcaniclastic sandstones, conglomeratic sandstones, and interbedded mudstones, reaching thicknesses up to 2,590 feet in the Gallatin County area. Deposited in nonmarine fluvial and alluvial environments amid Andean-style arc volcanism, it overlies the Billman Creek Formation and underlies the Fort Union Formation, preserving cross-bedded andesitic sediments indicative of synorogenic sedimentation.

Settlements and structures

Hopper designates several minor settlements in the United States, typically unincorporated communities with limited documentation on population or development. In Henderson County, Illinois, Hopper lies within Stronghurst Township. In Greenbrier County, West Virginia, it is positioned along the Greenbrier River, roughly 4.5 miles (7.2 km) east-northeast of White Sulphur Springs. Prominent structures named Hopper include academic and residential buildings tied to historical or institutional significance. Hopper Hall, at the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, is a 206,000-square-foot (19,100 m²) academic facility housing the Center for Cyber Security Studies, with dedicated laboratories for underwater, surface, and aerial robotics development; it opened on October 15, 2020, and honors Rear Admiral Grace Hopper's contributions to computing. The Isaac T. Hopper Home, a Greek Revival townhouse at 110 Second Avenue in Manhattan's East Village, , was constructed circa 1837–1838 and has operated continuously since 1874 as a residential halfway facility for women transitioning from incarceration, administered by the Women's Prison Association in memory of Quaker reformer Isaac T. Hopper (1771–1852). The property, a rare surviving example of early 19th-century row housing in the area, was sold in May 2024 for $7.4 million after 150 years under the association's stewardship. In , the at 82 North Broadway, erected in 1858 by the artist's maternal grandfather, served as the birthplace and primary residence of painter until 1910; it now functions as a museum and study center preserving his legacy through exhibitions and programs.

Notable people

Pioneers in computing and engineering

Grace Brewster Murray Hopper (December 9, 1906 – January 1, 1992) was an American , , and United States Navy rear admiral whose work laid foundational principles for modern programming. She earned a Ph.D. in mathematics from in 1934 and joined the Navy Reserve in 1943 as part of the Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service () program, where she was commissioned as a in 1944. Hopper contributed to early computing by programming the electromechanical computer in 1944 at the Harvard Computation Laboratory, becoming one of its first operators. In 1949, she joined the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation, where she advanced automatic programming by developing the in 1952, recognized as the first to translate symbolic code into . This innovation evolved into the language in 1955 and influenced the creation of (Common Business-Oriented Language) in 1959 through her participation in the committee, enabling machine-independent programming based on English-like syntax for business applications. A notable from Hopper's career involves the popularization of the term "." On September 9, 1947, while working on the computer at the , technicians discovered a trapped in a causing a malfunction; the insect was removed, taped into the logbook with the notation "First actual case of bug being found," and the machine was "debugged." Although the term "bug" for technical faults predated this event, Hopper's team propagated its use in computing contexts through her lectures and writings. Hopper's Navy service spanned over 40 years; she attained the rank of in 1983 and retired in 1986 at age 79 as the oldest active-duty commissioned officer in the U.S. . Her contributions earned her the National Medal of Technology in 1991 from President for pioneering languages, the , and posthumously the in 2016. She received over 40 honorary degrees and influenced naming conventions, such as the (DDG-70) commissioned in her honor.

Visual artists

Edward Hopper (July 22, 1882 – May 15, 1967) was an painter and printmaker renowned for his depictions of solitary figures in urban and rural , often conveying themes of isolation and modernity. Born in , to a middle-class family, Hopper graduated high school in 1899 and pursued art studies supported by his parents, initially training as an illustrator before focusing on painting under at the New York School of Art. His early career included commercial illustration and etching, influenced by the Ashcan School's emphasis on everyday , though he gained limited recognition until his 1933 retrospective at the , which featured over 100 works and marked his rise to prominence. Hopper's mature style emphasized stark lighting, geometric compositions, and psychological tension, as seen in iconic oil paintings like (1942), which portrays late-night diners in a brightly lit urban facade amid surrounding darkness, symbolizing alienation in post-Depression America. He produced around 800 works, including watercolors of lighthouses and scenes from the 1920s onward, and prints exploring similar motifs of quiet introspection. Married to painter Nivison in 1924, Hopper collaborated with her on maintaining detailed records of his oeuvre, which numbered over 2,500 pieces including sketches upon his death. His art rejected abstraction, prioritizing observable reality and personal observation over ideological movements, influencing later filmmakers and photographers in capturing American solitude. Dennis Hopper (May 17, 1936 – May 29, 2010), primarily known as an actor and filmmaker, also contributed to through and painting, amassing a collection of over 2,000 photographs from 1961 to 1967 documenting countercultural scenes in , , and . His black-and-white images captured emerging artists like and Ed Ruscha, reflecting his immersion in circles, while later paintings and sculptures drew from pop and . Exhibited posthumously at institutions like the , Hopper's visual output complemented his film work but remained secondary to his performative career.

Performers and media figures

Dennis Hopper (May 17, 1936 – May 29, 2010) was an American actor and filmmaker who gained prominence for his role in the 1969 film , which he co-wrote, directed, and starred in alongside and . The film's success marked Hopper as a key figure in the movement, emphasizing independent filmmaking and themes of freedom and rebellion. His career spanned over 140 films, including notable performances in (1979), (1986), and (1986), earning him an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor for the latter. Hopper's portrayals often drew from his own experiences with drugs, , and personal volatility, contributing to his reputation as an unconventional outsider. Hedda Hopper (born Elda Furry, May 2, 1885 – February 1, 1966) was an American actress who transitioned into one of Hollywood's most influential columnists, wielding significant power over careers through her syndicated columns and radio broadcasts starting in 1936. By the , her columns reached over 35 million readers weekly, where she critiqued films, exposed personal scandals, and feuded publicly with rival columnist , often leveraging her platform to advocate conservative political views and blacklist suspected communists during the . Her flamboyant persona, marked by elaborate hats and unapologetic partisanship, made her a fixture, though her influence stemmed from insider access rather than journalistic objectivity. William Hopper (January 26, 1915 – March 6, 1970), son of and actor , was an American actor best known for portraying private detective Paul Drake in the television series from 1957 to 1966, appearing in all 271 episodes. Initially considering the lead role of , Hopper opted for the supporting part after was cast, later expressing relief at avoiding the intense schedule. His earlier film roles included (1955) and (1956), but television solidified his legacy in the legal drama genre. DeWolf Hopper (March 30, 1858 – September 23, 1935) was an American vaudeville and musical theater performer renowned for his dramatic recitation of Ernest Lawrence Thayer's poem "," which he performed over 5,000 times across stages from 1888 onward. A singer and , he starred in productions like (1891) and The Prince of Pilsen (1903), blending with dramatic monologues that popularized lore in American entertainment. His theatrical career bridged 19th-century stage traditions with early 20th-century mass appeal, influencing family members including his son .

Other historical figures

William (March 30, 1858 – September 23, 1935) was an , singer, , and theatrical producer active in and musical theater from the late onward. He achieved enduring recognition for his of Ernest Lawrence Thayer's 1888 poem "," which he first performed onstage in 1888 and delivered over 10,000 times across thousands of shows in the United States, often eliciting enthusiastic audience responses that halted performances midway. Born in to attorney John Hopper and Rosalie DeWolf, granddaughter of U.S. Senator , Hopper debuted professionally in 1879 and starred in over 30 musicals, including roles in productions like The Black Hussar (1885). His career encompassed early appearances and radio work, but his theatrical legacy centered on dramatic monologues and , with personal notoriety from six marriages.

Arts, entertainment, and media

Fictional characters and entities

In the 1998 Pixar animated film A Bug's Life, Hopper is depicted as the ruthless leader of a grasshopper gang that extorts food offerings from an ant colony through threats of violence, serving as the primary antagonist. Voiced by Kevin Spacey, the character emphasizes themes of tyranny and rebellion, ultimately meeting his demise by drowning in a flooded anthill after underestimating the ants' resourcefulness. James "Jim" Hopper is a central figure in the Netflix science fiction horror series Stranger Things, which debuted on July 15, 2016, portrayed by David Harbour as the cynical Hawkins police chief grappling with personal loss and supernatural threats from the Upside Down dimension. His arc involves protective instincts toward Eleven, a girl with telekinetic abilities, amid investigations into missing children and covert government experiments. Hippety Hopper, a juvenile , features in shorts beginning with the 1949 Merrie Melodies cartoon "Hop, Look and Listen," directed by , where he repeatedly outwits , who perceives him as an oversized mouse. The character appears in 15 Sylvester-focused episodes through 1964, highlighting chases and mistaken identities without spoken dialogue. Hoppity Hooper anchors the 1964–1965 ABC animated series The Adventures of Hoppity Hooper, created by , as an optimistic frog repeatedly duped into fraudulent schemes by con artist Waldo Fox and dim-witted Fillmore Bear across 52 segments sponsored by . The low-budget production, known for its satirical humor akin to Rocky and Bullwinkle, aired Saturdays and emphasized Hopper's gullibility in pursuits like inventing machines. Brett Hopper serves as the protagonist in the 2006 ABC drama Day Break, a short-lived series of 13 episodes starring as a trapped in a , reliving the day of his for his partner's while uncovering a broader . The character's drives plot twists involving and personal .

Films and television productions

HOPPER: An American Love Story is a 2024 documentary film produced for PBS's American Masters series, premiering on January 2, 2024, that chronicles the life of painter Edward Hopper, emphasizing his marriage to artist Josephine Nivison Hopper and its influence on works like Nighthawks (1942). The film draws on Hopper's personal correspondence and Josephine's diaries to explore themes of isolation and American urban life in his art, receiving a 7.3/10 rating on IMDb from 49 user reviews. An earlier cinematic version, Exhibition on Screen: Hopper - An American Love Story (2022), directed by Phil Grabsky, similarly traces Hopper's career from illustrator to iconic realist, earning a 7.3/10 IMDb rating from 172 reviews and focusing on biographical stages without shying from his contentious personal relationships. In the science fiction horror series (2016–present), Jim Hopper serves as a central character, portrayed by as the gruff Hawkins chief who investigates supernatural events tied to the Upside Down dimension across multiple seasons. Hopper's arc includes personal loss, such as the death of his daughter from cancer, which shapes his protective role toward Eleven and other children facing interdimensional threats. The animated film (1998) features Hopper as the main antagonist, a ruthless leader voiced by who demands tribute from an , enforcing compliance through until challenged by the Flick. In Amazon Video's fantasy series (2021–present), Hopper is a wolf companion telepathically bonded to the character Perrin Aybara, appearing in key episodes to aid in battles and symbolize Perrin's growing connection to the wolfbrother ability from Jordan's novels.

Literature, music, and games

In Sunlight or In Shadow: Stories Inspired by the Paintings of is a 2016 anthology edited by and published by Pegasus Books, comprising seventeen short stories by authors such as , , , and , each responding to a specific painting. The collection, released on December 6, 2016, explores themes of , , and everyday tension evoked by Hopper's depictions of solitary figures in urban and domestic settings. In video games, the hopper serves as a core mechanical component in Minecraft, added in Java Edition snapshot 12w34a on August 23, 2012, and fully implemented in version 1.4.2 on October 25, 2012. This block collects item entities falling into it from above, stores up to 5 stacks of 64 items, and outputs them downward or sideways to adjacent containers like chests, facilitating automated farms, sorting systems, and redstone machinery for resource management in the game's survival mode. The A Bug's Life video game, developed by Travellers Tales and released in 1998 for PlayStation, Nintendo 64, and PC, portrays Hopper as the central antagonist across multiple levels, where players control Flik in missions culminating in boss battles against the grasshopper leader, mirroring the 1998 Pixar film's narrative of ant rebellion. Island Hopper, a 2018 board game designed by Scott Almes and published by Eagle-Gryphon Games, involves 2-6 players flicking wooden boats across a modular board representing tropical islands to deliver goods, negotiate contracts, and vie for positions through and dexterity challenges, with lasting 45-60 minutes. Earlier, Hopper (1984), a navigation game ported by for PC and DOS platforms, tasks players with maneuvering a character through obstacle-filled levels to evade pursuers, akin to the arcade title Pengo in its pushable block mechanics and enemy avoidance.

Other creative works

The ballet Into the Hopper, choreographed by Bart Cook with music from William Bolcom's Orphée Sérénade (1984), premiered with the on April 30, 1988, evoking themes of solitude drawn from 's visual motifs. The chamber opera Later the Same Evening, composed by Richard Danielpour with libretto by J.D. , interprets five paintings by —Hotel Room (1931), (1943), Rooms by the Sea (1951), Morning Sun (1952), and A Woman in the Sun (1961)—through interconnected narratives of urban isolation; it was commissioned by the University of Maryland Opera Studio and Baltimore Opera Theater and first performed in 2008. Tales of Hopper, a theater-dance production by Cherylyn Lavagnino created in 2019, adapts figures and compositions from Edward Hopper's paintings into gestural choreography emphasizing human disconnection amid everyday settings.

Businesses and modern applications

Technology and travel companies

Hopper Inc. is a Montreal-headquartered company founded in April 2007 by Frederic Lalonde and Joost Ouwerkerk, both former executives. The firm developed initially as an prediction tool before pivoting to a consumer for booking flights, hotels, car rentals, and vacation packages, emphasizing data-driven timing to minimize costs. At its core, Hopper leverages proprietary algorithms that process over 30 billion price points daily from trillions of historical data points to forecast price fluctuations and recommend purchase windows, such as "book now" or "wait" alerts with reported accuracy exceeding 95% for flights. Additional features include flexible payment options, price freeze guarantees, and add-ons for trip disruption protection, which contributed significantly to its $700 million revenue in 2023. The app has served over 120 million users and ranks as the top application in more than 70 countries. Hopper has secured over $750 million in venture funding from investors including OMERS Ventures, Ventures, and Citi Ventures, attaining a valuation above $1 billion and employing around 1,200 staff across a fully remote . Since , it has shifted emphasis toward B2B offerings via Hopper Technology Solutions (HTS), providing white-label booking engines and integrations to partners like for NDC-enabled ticket sales, for in-app bookings, and for enhanced travel portals. In October 2025, Hopper introduced an autonomous agent capable of executing end-to-end tasks like flight bookings, cancellations, refunds, and delay compensations without human oversight, building on its predictive tech to address common travel disruptions. The company has pursued growth through acquisitions, including Smooss in early October 2025 for advanced reservation management capabilities.

Recent innovations and startups

NVIDIA introduced the Hopper microarchitecture in March 2022, powering the H100 Tensor Core GPU designed for accelerating AI model training and high-performance computing workloads. The architecture incorporates the Transformer Engine, which dynamically switches between FP8 and FP16 precision to optimize large language model performance, achieving up to 6x faster training compared to prior generations on benchmarks like GPT-3. Built on TSMC's 4N process with over 80 billion transistors, Hopper GPUs support features like NVLink for high-bandwidth interconnects and confidential computing for secure AI processing. In May 2024, launched the Grace Hopper superchip, integrating the Arm-based Grace CPU with the Hopper GPU via NVLink-C2C interconnect for 900 GB/s bidirectional bandwidth, targeting energy-efficient supercomputing and enabling applications in scientific simulations and generative . This superchip has been deployed in systems like those from , demonstrating up to 10x performance gains in certain HPC tasks over CPU-only setups. Hopper Security, a cybersecurity startup founded in and , emerged from stealth on April 22, 2025, raising $7.6 million in seed funding led by investors including Cyberstarts and Firestreak Ventures. The platform focuses on risk management, simulating application execution to prioritize exploitable vulnerabilities and accelerate remediation without hindering development velocity. By September 2025, Hopper Security received recognition for innovations in and open-source security, emphasizing metrics like mean time to remediation (MTTR) in enterprise environments.

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