Fact-checked by Grok 2 weeks ago

Passenger information system

A passenger information system (PIS) is an integrated technology framework used in public transportation to deliver real-time and static information to users, including vehicle arrival times, routes, delays, schedules, and operational updates, thereby facilitating informed travel decisions and enhancing the overall passenger experience.^[1]^[2] These systems operate across various modes of transit, such as buses, trains, metros, and ferries, by aggregating data from sources like GPS tracking, automated vehicle location (AVL) systems, and central control centers to disseminate updates via multiple channels.^[2]^[3] Key components of a PIS include digital displays (such as LED, LCD, or e-ink screens at stops, stations, and onboard vehicles), audio announcement systems for verbal alerts, mobile applications for personalized notifications, and web-based platforms for pre-trip planning.^[1]^[4] PIS can be categorized into static types, which provide fixed information like printed timetables, route maps, and signage for basic wayfinding, and dynamic real-time types that use algorithms to predict arrivals and alert users to disruptions.^[3]^[2] Design standards emphasize legibility, with features like high-contrast fonts (minimum 10-point sans serif), color coding for up to nine routes, and accessibility compliance under guidelines such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), including non-glare materials and audio options for diverse users.^[3] The evolution of PIS began with simple printed timetables and wall-posted schedules in the early days of public transport, progressing to standalone audio-visual announcements in the mid-20th century.^[4] In the 1990s, advancements like SMS-based real-time updates emerged, followed by the widespread adoption of RTPI displays in the 2000s that incorporated GPS data for accurate predictions.^[4] The 2010s marked a shift toward integrated, multimodal systems leveraging smartphones, AI-driven analytics, and low-power e-ink technology, enabling door-to-door journey information and cybersecurity-enhanced interfaces with operator back-ends.^[5]^[4] Early studies, such as on London's Countdown system, showed that up to 65% of passengers reported shorter perceived wait times, with ridership increases of 2-5%, over 1.5% in new revenue, and benefit-to-cost ratios exceeding 2:1 in initial implementations.^[2]^[6] By minimizing travel uncertainty, enhancing safety through crowd management and disruption alerts, and promoting inclusivity for elderly, disabled, and non-native speakers, these systems play a vital role in modern urban mobility.^[1]^[3]

Introduction

Definition and Purpose

A passenger information system (PIS) is an automated technology deployed in public transportation to provide passengers with essential travel details through visual, auditory, or digital interfaces. These systems deliver static information, such as fixed schedules, route maps, and facility layouts, alongside dynamic updates including real-time vehicle arrivals, delays, and service disruptions.^[1]^[7] By integrating these elements, PIS serve as a critical communication bridge between transit operators and users, ensuring accessibility across various journey stages.^[2] The core purpose of PIS is to improve the overall passenger experience by fostering confidence and alleviating uncertainty in public transport navigation. Accurate and timely information reduces perceived waiting times, enhances perceived reliability, and boosts user satisfaction, making public options more appealing.^[8]^[9] This, in turn, encourages modal shifts from private vehicles to sustainable public transport modes, supporting broader environmental and urban mobility goals.^[10] Economically, PIS drive benefits for agencies by increasing ridership through better-informed choices, leading to higher revenue and operational efficiency.^[11] Primarily applied in rail, bus, and metro networks, PIS are extensible to other transport modes like trams or ferries, adapting to diverse operational contexts. A fundamental distinction within these systems lies between static content, which remains pre-determined and schedule-based, and real-time data, which draws from live feeds to address immediate conditions.^[12] This separation enables PIS to support proactive trip planning while responding dynamically to disruptions, ultimately promoting seamless and equitable access for all passengers.^[1]

Historical Development

The earliest forms of passenger information systems relied on static methods, such as printed timetables and maps distributed at railway stations, which emerged in the mid-19th century alongside the expansion of rail networks in Europe and North America.^[13] For instance, the world's first underground railway, the Metropolitan Railway in London, opened in 1863 and used printed schedules to inform passengers of service times.^[14] These systems provided fixed information without real-time updates, limiting their utility during disruptions.^[13] Following World War II, advancements in audio technology led to the introduction of public address (PA) systems for dynamic announcements in public transport. In 1946, the New York City subway installed its first PA system on car #744, enabling station staff to broadcast real-time updates to passengers.^[15] This marked a shift from passive printed materials to audible alerts, improving responsiveness to delays and emergencies in urban transit networks.^[16] The 1990s saw significant progress through the adoption of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) technologies, enabling basic real-time tracking in the US and Europe. The US Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) of 1991 authorized funding for ITS, including initiatives like the Pathfinder project on California's Santa Monica Freeway, which used equipped vehicles to transmit real-time travel data for traffic management and passenger advisories.^[17] In Europe, similar efforts integrated AVL for bus and rail fleets, with early deployments providing location-based arrival predictions.^[18] Projects such as TravTek in Orlando (1992-1993) demonstrated GPS-enabled in-vehicle navigation and real-time route guidance, laying the foundation for broader passenger information applications.^[19] During the 2000s, digital displays proliferated, replacing analog announcements with visual real-time information. In the UK, British Rail's Southern Region expanded computer-based train describers to over 400 stations by 1990, evolving into platform dot-matrix indicators introduced on the London Underground in the early 1980s, with full real-time countdowns rolling out on key lines like the Jubilee by 2003.^[13]^[14] Deutsche Bahn launched its Reiseinformationssystem (RIS) in the early 2000s, providing modular real-time timetable and delay data across stations and mobile platforms.^[20] In Asia, Japan began incorporating multilingual displays in public transport during the 1980s to accommodate growing international tourism, with Tokyo's subway systems adding English and other languages to signs and announcements by the decade's end.^[21] The 2010s and 2020s accelerated the transition to mobile apps, cloud-based integration, and AI-enhanced predictions, driven by smartphone adoption and post-pandemic demand for contactless services. The COVID-19 recovery spurred investments in digital PIS, with global market value reaching USD 29.2 billion in 2024 and projected to grow to approximately USD 31 billion in 2025, reflecting increased reliance on real-time apps for journey planning.^[22] Globally, early European and US initiatives influenced adoption in Asia, where Japan's multilingual innovations from the 1980s evolved into comprehensive AVL-linked systems by the 2010s.^[23]

System Components

Hardware Elements

Passenger information systems (PIS) rely on a range of physical hardware to capture, process, and disseminate real-time data to users in public transport environments, such as buses, trains, and stations. These components ensure reliable operation under demanding conditions, including vibrations, temperature extremes, and high humidity. Key hardware includes sensors for data input, display and audio output devices, and supporting infrastructure for connectivity and power management.^[24] Sensors and inputs form the foundational layer for gathering operational data in PIS. GPS and Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) trackers are integrated into vehicles to provide precise real-time positioning, enabling accurate arrival predictions and route monitoring. For instance, integrated GPS devices on buses collect location data relative to schedules and transmit it to central systems. IoT sensors deployed at stops and stations detect crowd levels, supporting occupancy management and safety alerts. Cameras equipped with AI video analytics serve as automated passenger counters (APC), installed over vehicle doors to track boardings, alightings, and load profiles with accuracies up to 99%, while complying with privacy standards through anonymized processing. These 3D stereo cameras or infrared sensors distinguish between adults, children, bicycles, and luggage, enhancing data granularity for transport planning.^[2]^[25]^[26]^[27] Display units deliver visual information to passengers, varying by technology and application for optimal visibility and energy efficiency. LED and LCD screens are commonly used in stations and vehicles, with sizes ranging from 32 to 55 inches to accommodate platform or interior viewing; for example, 55-inch LCD panels offer 1920x1080 resolution, 2500 nits brightness, and 178° viewing angles for outdoor readability. OLED displays provide superior contrast and flexibility for curved installations in modern trains, though they are less prevalent due to cost. E-ink displays, favored for low-power outdoor use at bus stops, feature bistable technology that retains images without continuous power, such as 31.2-inch models with 2560x1440 resolution and up to 180° visibility, ideal for energy-constrained environments. These units often include LED backlighting and operating temperatures from -20°C to +50°C to withstand transport conditions.^[28]^[29]^[30] Audio systems ensure auditory communication, particularly in noisy or low-visibility scenarios. Public address (PA) speakers, connected to class D amplifiers, broadcast announcements inside and outside vehicles, supporting emergency alerts and route information with outputs up to 25W per channel. Digital voice synthesizers enable multilingual announcements, synthesized in real-time based on vehicle position via GPS integration, and distributed through up to three independent channels for drivers, interiors, and exteriors. These systems use frequency responses of 300 Hz to 3.2 kHz for clear intelligibility and include passenger intercommunication for two-way driver-passenger dialogue.^[31]^[7] Installation methods for PIS hardware prioritize durability and adaptability across fixed, mobile, and portable setups. Fixed installations in stations employ weatherproof enclosures meeting IP65 or IP66 standards to protect against dust and water, using galvanized steel with tempered glass for displays. Mobile hardware on vehicles, such as onboard computers and sensors, is mounted to endure vibrations and extreme temperatures (-25°C to +70°C), often with 24V DC power supplies. Portable devices, like handheld ticket inspectors, integrate compact interfaces for on-the-go use. Power requirements typically include 110-240V AC for stationary units and battery backups for reliability, with all components designed for long MTBF exceeding 50,000 hours.^[28]^[31]^[24] Integration hardware facilitates seamless connectivity and data flow within PIS. On-board computers and control units serve as central hubs, linking sensors, displays, and audio via robust interfaces and managing data storage on memory cards. Local network routers and servers process inputs in real-time, often housed in 19-inch racks for scalability. 5G-enabled modules, such as M.2 or LGA form factors supporting SA/NSA modes, provide high-speed connectivity up to 7.5 Gbps with GNSS for location accuracy, enabling integration with central control systems for fleet-wide information dissemination. These modules support VoLTE/VoNR for voice services and DFOTA for secure updates in transport applications.^[7]^[24]^[32]

Software and Data Integration

The software backbone of passenger information systems (PIS) relies on central management platforms that aggregate and process data from diverse sources to deliver timely and accurate information to users. These platforms typically integrate inputs from automatic vehicle location (AVL) systems for real-time vehicle tracking, traffic signal data for route optimization, and weather APIs for disruption forecasting, enabling a unified view of transit operations. For instance, systems like those developed by Luminator consolidate AVL data from multiple transit providers into a single backend for enhanced reliability.^[33]^[34] Data sources in PIS are categorized into static and dynamic feeds to support both scheduled and live updates. Static databases include timetables, routes, stops, and fares stored in formats like the General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) Schedule, which provides a standardized structure for baseline service information used by over 10,000 agencies worldwide. Dynamic feeds incorporate real-time data such as GPS positions from AVL, ticket sales volumes for occupancy estimates, and service alerts, often formatted via GTFS Realtime to enable vehicle location updates and predicted arrival times. This dual approach ensures PIS can handle predictable schedules alongside unpredictable events like delays.^[35]^[36] Integration layers facilitate seamless connectivity across multi-modal transport networks, such as syncing rail and bus services for transfer predictions. Middleware solutions act as intermediaries, translating and routing data between disparate systems, while cloud platforms like Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Microsoft Azure provide scalable storage and processing to manage high-volume transit data. For example, AWS architectures allow transit agencies to ingest AVL and sensor data for real-time analytics, supporting elastic scaling during peak demand. These layers promote interoperability by normalizing data flows from legacy on-premises systems to modern cloud environments.^[37]^[38] Backend processes in PIS emphasize reliability through data validation, error handling, and secure API endpoints that allow third-party applications, such as mobile apps, to access processed information. Validation routines check incoming feeds for accuracy and completeness, while error-handling mechanisms reroute or flag discrepancies to prevent misinformation. Cybersecurity protocols, including data encryption and access controls, protect sensitive transit operations from threats like unauthorized access or ransomware, as outlined in industry guidelines for public transit systems. These processes ensure robust, tamper-resistant operations amid growing connectivity.^[39]^[40] Interoperability standards are crucial for PIS to exchange data across regions and operators. In Europe, the Service Interface for Real Time Information (SIRI), a CEN standard since 2006, enables XML/JSON-based sharing of real-time schedules, vehicle positions, and alerts, supporting services like estimated timetables and stop monitoring. SIRI's adoption has expanded beyond Europe, with implementations in North American systems like New York City's MTA by the 2020s, facilitating global harmonization alongside GTFS for broader multi-vendor compatibility.^[41]^[42]^[43]

Key Technologies

Display and Output Technologies

Passenger information systems have evolved in their visual display technologies, transitioning from early plasma screens in the 2000s to more efficient and brighter LED and OLED panels. In the early 2000s, plasma displays were commonly deployed in stations and vehicles for their ability to handle large formats and provide clear visuals in indoor settings, as seen in installations at Paddington Station and Hitachi's railway systems.^[44]^[45] By the 2010s, LED displays became predominant due to their lower power consumption and higher durability, with modern systems achieving brightness levels exceeding 2000 nits to ensure readability in outdoor and high-ambient-light environments like bus stops and train platforms.^[46]^[47] OLED variants offer superior contrast and flexibility for curved installations in vehicles, enhancing visibility for route maps and alerts. Interactive touchscreens have also integrated into kiosks, allowing passengers to query schedules and directions directly, as implemented in New York City's subway "On the Go!" stations and airport information terminals.^[48]^[49] Audio output technologies complement visual displays by providing audible announcements through advanced text-to-speech (TTS) engines, which support over 50 languages and regional accents to accommodate diverse passengers in international transit hubs.^[50] These TTS systems, such as those from ReadSpeaker and Voxygen, generate real-time, natural-sounding messages for delays, stops, and safety instructions, reducing reliance on live operators.^[51] For accessibility, haptic feedback mechanisms deliver vibrational cues on handrails or seats to alert visually impaired users to upcoming stops or emergencies, integrating seamlessly with public transport navigation apps and devices.^[52] Standards like the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1 ensure that displays are readable for all users, mandating features such as scalable text, keyboard navigation, and color contrast ratios of at least 4.5:1 for normal text to support those with low vision.^[53]^[54] High-contrast color schemes, often using bold yellows and blacks on dark backgrounds, further enhance visibility in varying lighting conditions, as recommended for transit signage to minimize errors in information interpretation.^[55] Recent advancements include the adoption of 4K resolutions in passenger displays by 2025, providing sharper images for detailed maps and videos in buses and trains, as utilized by systems like those from UTG Digital Displays and Avnet in transit vehicles.^[56]^[57] Energy-efficient designs with adaptive brightness sensors adjust output based on ambient light, reducing power consumption by 20-30% compared to fixed-brightness models, which is critical for sustainable operations in electric vehicles and remote stops.^[58] Output formats in these systems range from static maps showing fixed routes to dynamic animations, such as progress bars illustrating real-time vehicle advancement along a path, improving passenger anticipation and reducing anxiety during delays.^[59]^[60] Multilingual support is facilitated through auto-detection algorithms that identify user language preferences via device settings or input, automatically switching content to ensure inclusivity in global networks.^[61]

Real-Time Data Processing and Prediction

Real-time data processing in passenger information systems (PIS) relies on fusing automatic vehicle location (AVL) data from GPS and other sensors with traffic models to generate live updates for passengers. This fusion typically involves integrating multi-source inputs, such as real-time GPS trajectories and historical travel patterns, to estimate current vehicle positions and route conditions accurately. Techniques like Kalman filtering are commonly applied to smooth noisy AVL data and predict short-term travel times, achieving mean absolute errors of 46–59 seconds for bus arrivals in tested urban routes.^[62] To minimize delays in delivering information, edge computing processes AVL and traffic data directly on vehicles or nearby nodes, reducing latency compared to centralized cloud systems by avoiding long-distance data transmission. In transit applications, this enables near-instantaneous analysis for features like occupancy updates, supporting responsive PIS without compromising bandwidth.^[63] ETA prediction algorithms in PIS often employ Kalman filters to refine vehicle positioning by recursively estimating states from AVL inputs, incorporating process and measurement noise for robust forecasts over route segments. For delay forecasting, machine learning models, such as autoregressive neural networks like Mask-CNN trained on historical GPS data, capture spatiotemporal patterns to predict arrival distributions, outperforming traditional methods with mean absolute errors of 30–62 seconds across urban bus routes.^[64]^[62] Integrating external data sources, such as weather and event information, enhances ETA accuracy by accounting for disruptions. Resulting predictions often include confidence intervals with error margins of ±1–2 minutes, standardizing accuracy thresholds like 90 seconds for near-arrival estimates in industry benchmarks.^[65]^[62] Scalability in PIS is achieved through distributed systems that partition data processing across nodes, enabling handling of peak loads during high-demand periods like rush hours via load balancing and horizontal scaling. These architectures support high-volume query processing, such as millions per hour in large networks, while maintaining low-latency responses through caching and asynchronous updates.^[66]

Information Content and Delivery

Types of Passenger Information

Passenger information systems (PIS) deliver a range of data to enhance user experience in public transport, broadly categorized into static, real-time, and supplementary types, each tailored to support planning, navigation, and responsiveness during travel.^[3] Static information provides foundational details that remain consistent over time, while real-time updates address dynamic conditions, and additional elements cover disruptions, connections, and personalization. Accessibility adaptations ensure inclusivity across all categories, and multimodal features facilitate seamless transfers between transport modes.^[67] Static information forms the core of pre-trip planning and includes fixed elements such as timetables, route maps, fares, and accessibility details. Timetables outline scheduled service frequencies and durations, often presented in pocket formats or digital equivalents for easy reference.^[3] Route maps depict geographic or schematic layouts with landmarks, transfer points, and "You Are Here" indicators to aid orientation.^[3] Fare structures detail costs by zone or distance, enabling budgeting, while accessibility specifics highlight features like wheelchair ramps, low-floor vehicles, and priority seating to inform users with disabilities.^[68] Real-time information focuses on current operational status to minimize uncertainty, encompassing arrivals and departures, delays, platform or stop changes, and crowding levels. Predicted arrival times are displayed via countdowns or ranges at stops and stations, derived from vehicle tracking systems.^[69] Delays and platform alterations are announced promptly to allow adjustments, often through dynamic signage or apps.^[67] Crowding levels indicate vehicle occupancy, typically using color-coded indicators such as green for low density (under 50% capacity), yellow for medium, and red for high (over 80%), helping passengers choose less congested options.^[70] Additional types of information address broader travel needs, including disruptions, connections, and personalized alerts. Disruptions such as strikes or maintenance closures are communicated with details on affected services and alternatives, like replacement buses, to guide rerouting.^[71] Connection information links services, showing next departure times and transfer options for integrated journeys.^[12] Personalized alerts, based on user profiles from apps or cards, notify individuals of relevant issues like journey-specific delays or preferential routing.^[12] Accessibility-focused elements integrate across information types to accommodate diverse needs, including audio descriptions for visual impairments, braille signage at key points, and large-print options for low vision. Audio announcements provide verbal updates on stops, delays, and routes, often mandated by regulations like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).^[68] Braille integrations appear on maps, fare machines, and directional signs, while large-print materials (minimum 18-point sans-serif font) ensure readability.^[72] These features promote equitable access without altering core content delivery.^[3] Multimodal information supports interchanges between modes like bus and rail, detailing transfer points, estimated walking times, and integrated schedules. Walking time estimates for short connections account for distances between platforms or stops to optimize total journey planning.^[73] Such data appears in apps or displays, incorporating icons for mode-specific guidance like bus-to-rail paths.^[3]

Communication Channels

Passenger information systems (PIS) disseminate real-time and static transit data through diverse communication channels to enhance user experience and operational efficiency in public transportation. These channels are categorized by location and interaction mode, including on-site installations at transit hubs, onboard vehicle features, digital platforms accessible remotely, off-site notifications, and hybrid approaches combining physical and virtual elements. The selection of channels depends on factors such as user demographics, infrastructure availability, and integration with existing technologies like display standards for visual outputs.^[74] On-site channels provide immediate, location-specific information at stations, platforms, and stops. Visual displays, such as LED or LCD screens, show arrival times, delays, and route details to assist passengers in real-time decision-making. Interactive kiosks allow users to query schedules, purchase tickets, or access multilingual information, often integrated with touchscreens for self-service. Public address (PA) systems deliver audible announcements for updates on disruptions or platform changes, ensuring accessibility for visually impaired users through clear, automated voice messages. These elements are commonly deployed in high-traffic areas like rail stations to reduce congestion and improve flow.^[74]^[75] Onboard channels focus on delivering information during travel within vehicles like buses, trains, or ferries. Internal screens, including overhead monitors and seatback displays, broadcast route maps, next-stop alerts, and safety instructions to keep passengers informed without relying on personal devices. Wi-Fi portals enable connectivity for accessing supplemental data, such as live updates or entertainment, often requiring authentication for secure access. These systems support multimedia content delivery, enhancing comfort on longer journeys by integrating with vehicle networks for synchronized announcements.^[76]^[77] Digital channels extend PIS reach beyond physical locations via internet-enabled platforms. Mobile applications provide push notifications for personalized alerts on delays or service changes, with features like geofencing to notify users approaching stops. Websites offer web-based access to schedules and trip planning, while SMS alerts deliver concise text messages for users without smartphones. Integration with ride-hailing applications, such as Uber or Lyft, allows seamless multimodal trip planning by combining public transit data with on-demand services, improving overall mobility options. As of 2025, AI-powered chatbots within apps enable conversational queries for real-time updates.^[78]^[79]^[80] Off-site channels target users before or after trips through non-location-bound methods. Social media feeds from transit agencies share updates on system-wide events, weather impacts, or route adjustments, fostering proactive communication via platforms like Twitter or Facebook. Email subscriptions enable periodic newsletters or instant alerts for registered users, often customized based on preferred routes. Beacon technology, utilizing Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), sends proximity-based notifications to nearby smartphones, such as arrival reminders at stops, enhancing situational awareness without constant app monitoring. These approaches leverage existing user habits to maintain engagement outside transit environments.^[81]^[82] Hybrid channels bridge physical and digital realms for versatile information access. QR codes printed at stops or on vehicles link to mobile apps or web pages for detailed, on-demand content like interactive maps or audio descriptions. Voice assistants, such as Amazon Alexa skills or Google Assistant integrations, allow verbal queries for transit information, providing spoken responses for schedules or disruptions via smart devices. These methods promote inclusivity by accommodating varying levels of tech-savviness and accessibility needs.^[83]^[84]

Challenges and Future Trends

Implementation Challenges

Implementing passenger information systems (PIS) in public transport networks faces significant technical barriers, particularly related to data latency and accuracy. Real-time data from automatic vehicle location (AVL) systems, often updated every 10-30 seconds, can experience processing delays that hinder timely passenger updates on arrivals and disruptions.^[85] Accuracy issues arise from GPS-based tracking, which suffers from signal loss and errors in urban environments such as tunnels, where no GPS signals are available, leading to unreliable vehicle positioning and subsequent misinformation for passengers.^[86] Interoperability between legacy systems, like static timetable formats, and newer real-time protocols, such as GTFS Realtime, remains challenging due to a lack of standardization, complicating data sharing across operators and agencies.^[85] Economic factors pose another major hurdle, with high initial costs for city-wide rollouts, as noted in integration projects for transit authorities.^[87] While return on investment can be realized through increased fare revenue—such as over $5 million annually in New York from enhanced ridership—achieving this requires demonstrating ridership growth of around 2% on average daily trips, as observed in implementations in Chicago and New York.^[88] Funding models frequently rely on public-private partnerships (PPPs) to share costs and risks, enabling expansion of information infrastructure like displays and apps while leveraging private sector expertise in deployment.^[89] Operational challenges include the need for extensive staff training to manage and troubleshoot PIS components, ensuring operators can handle software updates and data integration without service interruptions. Maintenance demands are high, with displays vulnerable to vandalism such as graffiti, which affects public transport assets and requires ongoing repairs to maintain reliability. Scalability during high-demand events, like major sporting occasions, tests system capacity, as surges in passenger queries can overload servers and lead to delayed information delivery.^[90] Regulatory compliance adds complexity, particularly with data protection laws like the EU's GDPR, which mandates strict handling of passenger data collected for personalized alerts, including transparency in processing and consent mechanisms to avoid fines. Ensuring equity in access remains a key issue, as underserved areas may lack digital infrastructure, exacerbating disparities in information availability for low-income or rural communities reliant on public transport.^[91]^[92] As of 2025, supply chain disruptions continue to delay hardware procurement for PIS components like displays and sensors, driven by ongoing issues in sourcing semiconductors and electronics due to geopolitical tensions and climate risks, increasing deployment timelines by months.^[93]^[94]

Emerging Technologies and Solutions

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are revolutionizing passenger information systems (PIS) by enabling predictive analytics for proactive alerts and personalized experiences. AI-driven models analyze historical and real-time data, such as traffic patterns, weather, and vehicle telemetry, to forecast delays with high accuracy, often exceeding 95% in urban bus and train scenarios.^[95] This allows PIS to deliver timely notifications, reducing passenger frustration and improving operational efficiency in public transport networks. Additionally, ML algorithms personalize information by processing user data like travel history and preferences, tailoring alerts, routes, and multimodal options via mobile apps to enhance individual journey planning.^[96] The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) devices with 5G networks is enhancing real-time monitoring capabilities within PIS, particularly for crowding detection. IoT sensor networks, including cameras, LiDAR, and Bluetooth beacons installed in vehicles and stations, collect data on passenger density, enabling dynamic updates on occupancy levels displayed through PIS interfaces.^[97] 5G's high-speed, low-latency connectivity supports this by transmitting data instantaneously, while edge AI processes it locally to reduce response times to under 10 seconds, minimizing delays in information delivery during peak hours.^[98] These technologies facilitate safer, more efficient crowding management, such as rerouting passengers to less occupied vehicles. Other innovations include blockchain for secure data sharing across transport operators and augmented reality (AR) applications for intuitive navigation. Blockchain platforms ensure tamper-proof exchange of passenger and operational data, enhancing interoperability in multi-modal systems while protecting privacy through encryption.^[99] AR apps overlay digital directions, schedules, and points of interest onto users' camera views, simplifying wayfinding in complex transit environments like stations or airports.^[100] Furthermore, PIS integration with smart city platforms unifies urban mobility data, allowing seamless access to shared services like bike-sharing or ride-hailing alongside public transport updates.^[101] To address key challenges, emerging solutions leverage AI for cybersecurity and cloud computing for cost efficiency, alongside biometrics for access. AI-based anomaly detection systems monitor PIS networks in real-time, identifying cyber threats like unauthorized access or data breaches with proactive alerts, thereby bolstering resilience in connected transport infrastructures.^[102] Cloud-based PIS deployments reduce operational costs by up to 30% through scalable infrastructure and pay-as-you-go models, eliminating the need for extensive on-premises hardware.^[103] Biometric technologies, such as facial recognition, enable seamless ticketing and boarding, streamlining passenger flows without physical cards or apps.^[104] Looking toward 2025 and beyond, the PIS market is projected to grow to approximately $74 billion by 2030, driven by these innovations and expanding applications.^[105] In aviation, flight information display systems (FIDS) are evolving with cloud integration and interactive kiosks for personalized gate notifications.^[106] Maritime extensions include mobile apps for ferries and ports, providing real-time schedules, tracking, and booking to improve passenger experiences in coastal and island transport.^[107]

Examples

France

In France, passenger information systems (PIS) are prominently implemented in the Paris region's public transport networks, primarily managed by RATP for metro, bus, and tram services, and SNCF for RER and regional trains. The SIEL (Système d'Information En Ligne) serves as a cornerstone of RATP's PIS, providing real-time displays of train arrival times, platform information, and service disruptions at over 300 metro and RER stations across the Île-de-France region.^[108]^[109] SIEL features include dynamic LED screens that deliver updates in French and English, supporting multilingual announcements to accommodate international visitors, while integrating with broader audio systems for platform alerts on delays and connections. For bus services, RATP employs LED screens on vehicles and at stops as part of a unified PIS covering approximately 1,000 routes and 38,000 stops, displaying next-stop information, estimated arrival times, and route maps to enhance on-board and curbside accessibility.^[110] The Navigo ecosystem further extends PIS capabilities through the Île-de-France Mobilités mobile app (formerly Vianavigo and now including Bonjour RATP features), which synchronizes with physical Navigo passes to provide personalized real-time alerts, journey planning, and disruption notifications directly to users' smartphones.^[111]^[112] Post-2020 developments, accelerated in preparation for the 2024 Paris Olympics, included significant upgrades such as the integration of generative AI in RATP's customer service bots for faster query resolution and SNCF's deployment of AI-driven sensors for predictive maintenance and crowd flow optimization at key stations. These enhancements ensured seamless information delivery during peak events, with over 100 specialized transport services activated across networks.^[113]^[114]^[115] Centralized coordination between RATP and SNCF enables end-to-end passenger information across integrated modes, achieving extensive coverage of urban routes in Paris and surrounding areas, serving millions of daily commuters through a cohesive digital and physical infrastructure.^[110]^[116]

Japan

Japan's passenger information systems (PIS) have been implemented nationwide since the late 1980s, primarily led by the Japan Railways (JR) Group following the privatization of the Japanese National Railways in 1987. These systems were initially developed to enhance reliability and passenger experience on high-speed and conventional rail lines, with early adoption on Shinkansen bullet trains to provide real-time updates on train status and route information. By the 1990s, JR companies expanded PIS to include multilingual support, starting with English and later incorporating Chinese and Korean to accommodate international travelers, particularly on Shinkansen routes like the Tokaido and Sanyo lines.^[117]^[118]^[119] Display formats in Japan's rail PIS emphasize clarity and interactivity, featuring high-resolution LCD screens that show seat availability, next-stop announcements, and route progress. Onboard Shinkansen trains, animated digital maps illustrate the train's position along the track, while some conventional lines previously used scrolling news tickers for updates on weather and events, though JR East discontinued this feature on select routes in March 2021 due to the rise of smartphone access for such information. Platform and onboard installations commonly use overhead LCD panels for visibility and LED strips for concise alerts, integrating seamlessly with the system's 99% punctuality rate, which relies on precise real-time data to minimize delays and inform passengers proactively. Earthquake early warning systems, such as JR East's Urgent Earthquake Detection and Alarm System (UrEDAS) introduced in 2007, are embedded in these displays to broadcast immediate safety instructions during seismic events, stopping trains within seconds if needed.^[120]^[121]^[122] In the bus sector, Tokyo's urban networks utilize GPS-based PIS for automated audio announcements of upcoming stops and estimated arrival times, often delivered via onboard speakers and digital signs in multiple languages to support the city's high ridership. Providers like LECIP incorporate GPS integration to ensure accurate, location-specific information, reducing confusion in complex routes. For rural areas, where bus services are less frequent, PIS extends through mobile apps such as Navitime and Jorudan, which link to GPS data for real-time tracking and multilingual alerts, bridging gaps in physical infrastructure.^[123]^[124] A distinctive aspect of Japan's PIS is its alignment with the Shinkansen's exceptional punctuality, achieving over 99% on-time performance annually, which allows displays to focus on confirmatory updates rather than frequent adjustments. Post-2023 enhancements on the Sanyo Shinkansen, including expanded multilingual tourism information on onboard screens, aim to boost visitor engagement by highlighting regional attractions like Hiroshima and Fukuoka, supporting Japan's inbound travel recovery.^[125]^[126]^[127]

Germany

Germany's passenger information system is primarily managed through the Reisendeninformationssystem (RIS), a centralized platform introduced by Deutsche Bahn in 2003 to deliver real-time updates on train schedules, delays, and disruptions across the national rail network.^[128] This system processes data from various sources, including operational tracking and timetable databases, to distribute accurate information to passengers at more than 5,000 stations, covering the majority of Deutsche Bahn's infrastructure.^[129] RIS serves as the backbone for both on-site displays and digital channels, ensuring consistent communication in a federally coordinated framework that unifies regional and long-distance services under Deutsche Bahn's oversight.^[20] Key features of RIS include integration with the DB Navigator mobile app, which offers augmented reality navigation to guide users through stations and connect to nearby transport options, alongside automated voice announcements in German and English at major stations and on trains.^[130]^[131] These announcements provide essential updates on arrivals, departures, and platform changes, enhancing accessibility for international travelers. In the 2020s, Deutsche Bahn has adopted the EU-wide SIRI standard for real-time data exchange, facilitating seamless information sharing across borders and improving interoperability with other European rail operators. Post-pandemic developments have emphasized hygiene and convenience, with a shift toward touchless solutions such as contactless payment options at ticket kiosks and expanded app-based access to information, reducing physical interactions at stations.^[132] A distinctive aspect of Germany's approach is the federal coordination led by Deutsche Bahn, which ensures nationwide standardization, and the direct integration of bike-sharing services like Call a Bike into the DB Navigator app, allowing users to locate and book bicycles for last-mile connectivity in real time.^[133]^[134]

United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, passenger information systems (PIS) in the rail sector are prominently exemplified by the National Rail Enquiries service, established in 1996 to provide a unified national telephone and online platform for train times, fares, and journey planning across Britain's privatized rail network.^[135] This system integrates data from the Darwin engine, which delivers real-time arrival and departure predictions, platform assignments, and delay information to over 2,500 stations nationwide.^[136] Complementing this, the London Underground's real-time countdown system for train arrivals was progressively rolled out, achieving full coverage across its network by 2010, enabling passengers to view estimated wait times on platform screens and via mobile apps.^[137] These systems emphasize accessibility, with features like audio announcements and integration with apps such as Citymapper, which pulls live rail and Tube data for multimodal journey planning.^[138] Key features of UK PIS include real-time mobile applications with third-party integrations, such as Citymapper's partnership with Transport for the North to supply up-to-date travel disruptions and routing options for rail users.^[139] Platform edge displays are increasingly common, particularly on the Elizabeth line, where semi-enclosed screens provide safety barriers alongside digital information on train statuses and next arrivals, enhancing visibility and reducing platform-train interface risks.^[140] Additionally, disruption alerts are delivered via email, SMS, or WhatsApp through the National Rail platform, allowing passengers to subscribe for personalized notifications on delays, cancellations, or service changes for specific journeys.^[141] This app-heavy approach supports operator-diverse networks, where multiple train companies share data feeds to ensure consistent information delivery. Recent developments in UK PIS have addressed post-Brexit adjustments, including new requirements for advance passenger information on international services like Eurostar to comply with UK border controls, while maintaining domestic data interoperability standards under retained EU regulations.^[142] In the 2020s, there has been a strong push toward 5G-enabled onboard Wi-Fi, with South Western Railway having launched Europe's first Rail-5G system in 2023, offering speeds up to 20 times faster than previous averages to support real-time streaming and information access during travel.^[143] Full nationwide 4G/5G coverage on trains is targeted for completion by 2030, involving infrastructure upgrades like additional trackside masts.^[144] A distinctive aspect of UK PIS is the regulatory oversight by the Office of Rail and Road (ORR), which enforces licence conditions requiring train and station operators to provide accurate, timely information on journeys, including real-time updates and assistance for passengers with disabilities.^[145] This framework ensures coverage across more than 2,500 stations, with performance data now publicly displayed at over 1,700 locations to show punctuality and reliability metrics, contributing to an overall real-time accuracy rate exceeding 80% based on monitored service levels.^[146] The ORR's role promotes accountability, with ongoing reviews to enhance data quality and passenger redress in cases of information failures.^[147]

United States

In the United States, passenger information systems (PIS) have been integral to urban transit operations, particularly in metro and bus networks, providing real-time updates to enhance reliability and user experience. The Washington Metro introduced its Passenger Information Display System (PIDS) across all stations in 2000, featuring digital signs that display train arrival times, next stops, and service alerts to assist commuters in the Washington, D.C., area.^[148] Similarly, the New York City Subway began deploying countdown clocks in 2007, starting with the L line's Public Address/Customer Information System (PA/CIS), which was expanded to all 472 stations by 2018, offering precise arrival predictions based on train tracking technology.^[149] Key features of U.S. PIS include LED displays that provide estimated time of arrival (ETA) information with one-minute precision, allowing passengers to plan waits accurately at stops and stations. Mobile applications like Transit aggregate real-time data from multiple agencies across numerous cities, enabling users to track buses, subways, and routes in one interface for seamless multi-modal planning.^[150] These systems often integrate GPS-based automatic vehicle location (AVL) to deliver updates via on-board announcements, platform screens, and apps. Post-2020 developments have been supported by Federal Transit Administration (FTA) funding under the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, which provides billions for transit improvements including expansions of PIS infrastructure such as upgrading digital signage and real-time tracking in urban areas. Additionally, integrations with micromobility options like e-scooters have emerged, with apps and transit platforms incorporating shared scooter availability near stops to address first- and last-mile gaps, as demonstrated in studies across U.S. cities.^[151]^[152] Unique to the U.S. context are federal standards from the National Transit Database (NTD), which mandate consistent reporting of service data to support interoperable PIS, ensuring agencies share real-time information through formats like GTFS for nationwide compatibility. By 2025, real-time PIS capabilities are widespread, driven by apps and federal incentives to boost ridership recovery.^[153]

Other Implementations

In aviation, Passenger Information Systems manifest as Flight Information Display Systems (FIDS), which provide real-time updates on flight arrivals, departures, gate assignments, and baggage claim locations to enhance passenger navigation and reduce congestion at airports worldwide.^[154] These systems integrate with airport databases to display dynamic content such as schedule changes and boarding statuses across digital screens in terminals, check-in areas, and baggage halls.^[155] By 2025, AI-powered chatbots have become integral to aviation PIS, handling passenger queries on flight status, boarding procedures, and amenities through mobile apps and kiosks, with implementations like Dublin Airport's system automating 85% of inquiries to streamline operations.^[156] Post-2020 aviation recovery has accelerated biometric integration in these systems, enabling touchless identity verification for check-in and boarding to mitigate health risks while improving efficiency, as outlined in IATA's NEXTT framework for seamless passenger journeys.^[157] Maritime Passenger Information Systems support port and ferry operations by delivering vessel schedules, arrival times, and navigational updates to ensure safe and informed travel. In Singapore, the Vessel Traffic Information System (VTIS), operated by the Maritime and Port Authority, broadcasts real-time vessel positions, traffic conditions, and arrival details to ships and passengers via radio and digital channels, facilitating efficient port management in one of the world's busiest straits.^[158] Complementary app-based tools provide tide predictions, weather alerts, and ferry schedule notifications, such as Nautide's platform, which aggregates data from over 25,000 coastal stations for global maritime users planning sea voyages.^[159] Recent emphases on cybersecurity in maritime PIS address vulnerabilities in onboard IT systems and passenger data handling, with U.S. Coast Guard regulations mandating risk assessments and protective measures for marine transportation networks to safeguard information integrity.^[160] Beyond traditional rail and bus networks, PIS implementations in emerging regions leverage mobile integration for urban mobility. In China, WeChat's transit mini-programs enable real-time access to bus, metro, and urban schedules, with QR code payments and route planning features adopted in cities like Shanghai for seamless public transport navigation.^[161] India's IRCTC Rail Connect app delivers live train running status, PNR tracking, and seat availability updates, serving millions of passengers with integrated booking and alert functionalities across the national rail network.^[162] In Australia, the Opal card system pairs with the Opal Travel app to offer real-time service alerts, trip planning, and fare information for buses, trains, and ferries in New South Wales, enhancing commuter reliability through GPS-enabled tracking.^[163] Multimodal PIS pilots in smart cities connect diverse transport modes via IoT infrastructure for unified passenger experiences. Toronto's urban mobility initiatives, including partnerships with the Ontario Vehicle Innovation Network, deploy IoT sensors and data platforms at transit hubs like Union Station to link real-time information across buses, subways, streetcars, and GO Transit services, supporting over 300,000 daily passengers with integrated routing and delay notifications.^[164]^[165]

References

[1]
What is a Passenger Information System (PIS)? PIS Meaning - Isarsoft
Jun 4, 2025 · Passenger Information Systems (PIS) deliver real-time information about schedules, routes, delays, and other essential travel information to passengers during ...
[2]
[PDF] Passenger Information Systems: What Transit Agencies Need to Know
A passenger information system is the key communications link between a transit agency and their riders. Passenger information technology lets a transit.
[3]
[PDF] TCRP Report 45: Passenger Information Services
... passenger information materials for public transit systems. This guidebook provides instructions for designing passenger information aids. Transit systems ...
[4]
Passenger Information Displays – for Every Stage of the Journey
Aug 23, 2021 · The History of Passenger Information. In its early years, simple timetables were printed and posted on the wall. This approach was improved upon ...
[5]
The evolution of on-board Passenger Information Systems - Televic
Feb 13, 2020 · Passenger information systems (PIS) are clearly evolving at a fast pace. These are the trends in on-board passenger information systems.
[6]
[PDF] Passenger Information Systems in Public Transport
Passenger information systems in transit applications refer to the use of technology to provide travel information to passengers.Missing: definition | Show results with:definition
[7]
Passenger Information: ITS Evaluation Guide
Passenger information includes routes, stops, times, and real-time updates via AVLC, kiosks, and mobile devices, using timetables, signs, and voice ...Missing: definition | Show results with:definition
[8]
How Passenger Information Systems Build Trust With Customers
Passenger information systems are a powerful communication tool for easing a rider's anxiety about taking public transit. Riders want accurate and reliable ...
[9]
Impact of ITS measures on public transport: A Case study
Aug 9, 2025 · ITS measures do not necessarily add physical capacity to a public transport system but are excellent supporting measures to encourage the modal ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[10]
[PDF] Value of transit data: Assessment of Impacts of Real-Time ...
These benefits-wait time savings and ridership increase, can respectively translate into monetary gains as value of wait-time savings for passengers and ...
[11]
Personalised passenger information systems in public transport
Passenger information systems (PIS) play a key role in public transport, fulfilling the task of informing passengers about the workings of the public transport ...
[12]
A long engagement – railways, data and the information age
Nov 10, 2022 · This paper aims to show the history of the railway's 'long engagement' with these forms of communication and control technologies.
[13]
A brief history of the Underground - Transport for London
Dot matrix train destination indicators are introduced on platforms. 1984. The Hammersmith & City and the Circle lines convert to one-person operation. 1986.
[14]
NYC 1945-1950: Post-War Growth, Culture & Development
1946: On June 20, New York City made a significant upgrade to its public transportation system by introducing a public address (PA) system on subway car #744, ...
[15]
A History Of The PA System - Insure4Music Blog - The Microphone
Aug 27, 2017 · The PA system underwent rapid redevelopment during World War Two, due to an increased expectation for more efficient methods of amplified ...Missing: post | Show results with:post
[16]
H.R.2950 - 102nd Congress (1991-1992): Intermodal Surface ...
Declares that it is US policy to develop a national intermodal transportation (IT) system that is economically efficient, is environmentally sound,
[17]
[PDF] AVL SYSTEMS FOR BUS TRANSIT - Transportation Research Board
have transit agencies embraced the concept. The core technology, the automatic vehicle location (AVL) system, offers detailed status information previously ...
[18]
[PDF] History of Intelligent Transportation Systems - ITS Georgia
Abstract. ITS capabilities have matured significantly over the past 25 years since the ITS Joint Program Office was created, and this document.
[19]
Deutsche Bahn's passenger information system RIS - ResearchGate
The RIS strategy is based on a modular architecture. The individual modules can be deployed along the travel chain and provide information about timetable ...
[20]
Multilingualism in Japanese Public Space – Reading the Signs
Aug 6, 2025 · This paper looks at multilingual signs and what these signs have to tell us about multilingualism in Japan in general.
[21]
Passenger Information System Market size, share and Growth 2033
The global passenger information system market size reached USD 29.2 Billion in 2024. Looking forward, IMARC Group expects the market to reach USD 69.0 Billion ...Insights · Competitive Landscape · Key Questions Answered In...
[22]
An Overview of Intelligent Transportation Systems in Europe - MDPI
This paper provides a comprehensive review of the development, deployment and challenges of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITSs) in Europe.
[23]
On-board systems - hardware for buses, trams, and trains
IVU's on-board systems include digital control centers, ticket sales, on-board computers, ticket inspection devices, and vehicle interfaces.
[24]
Icomera ICONIC APC: Real-Time Automatic Passenger Counting
Sep 23, 2025 · Over 98% accurate, privacy-compliant Automatic Passenger Counting using AI video analytics. Monitor live occupancy, boarding and alighting.
[25]
Automatic Passenger Counting (APC): Sensors & Systems - Dilax
DILAX sensors count reliably with an accuracy of up to 99% all people boarding and alighting as well as strollers, bicycles and luggage.
[26]
Automatic Passenger Counting (APC) Systems - An Overview - Isarsoft
Jun 4, 2025 · 3D sensors or stereo cameras in doors. Special 3D sensors or stereo cameras in the doors provide additional information on the height of people.
[27]
Passenger Information LCD Displays(Single Side)
TECH SPECS ; LCD Manufacturer, LG / Samsung / AUO / Keewin / BOE ; Active Display Area (h x w mm), 1210 x 680 ; Resolution (pixel), 1920 x 1080 ; Aspect Ratio, 16 : ...
[28]
32-inch Large E Ink Display (E Ink Carta 1300) with Front-light and ...
31.2-inch screen with 2560×1440 resolution · Ultra-low power consumption with bistable technology · Wide viewing angle – nearly 180° visibility · Integrated front ...
[29]
EPD2539-EGP - Litemax
Low Power Consumption ; Display Area (mm), 313 (H) x 558 (V) ; Resolution, 1800 x 3200 ; Aspect Ratio, 9 : 16 ; Color, 30K ; Reflectance, 25%.
[30]
Passenger Information Systems - SepsaMedha
Provides audio output to indoor / outdoor speakers, as well as auxiliary subsystems (Radio, NVR, etc). The audio power amplifier is class D. With an output ...
[31]
5G modules: Overview - Quectel
5G modules connect IoT devices to highly advanced cellular networks for ultrafast data, ultralow latency and cutting-edge wireless functions.
[32]
Boosting efficiency with Real-time passenger information
The system needed to be able to seamlessly integrate and consolidate Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) bus tracking information from six different transit ...
[33]
CAD/AVL - GMV
Computer-Aided Dispatch Systems (CAD/AVL) are the meeting point between passengers' expectations for convenient mobility and reliable, real-time information.Missing: central | Show results with:central
[34]
General Transit Feed Specification: Home
GTFS empowers riders with accurate schedules, and real-time updates, leading to reduced wait times and informed travel decisions.Reference · Overview · What is GTFS? · Français
[35]
GTFS Static Overview - Transit - Google for Developers
Oct 16, 2024 · GTFS defines a common format for public transportation schedules and geographic information, enabling data sharing between agencies and ...
[36]
[PDF] Middleware supporting PIS: Requirements, solutions, and challenges
In this chapter, we have considered PIS middleware in the context of the IoT. This middleware provides applications with an easy integration of context data ...
[37]
How transit agencies can use AWS to improve safety and passenger ...
Jan 22, 2024 · In this post, we shared common architectural patterns on AWS to collect, store, and analyze vast volumes of data generated by transportations ...Missing: Azure | Show results with:Azure
[38]
[PDF] Cybersecurity Considerations for Public Transit
Public transit cybersecurity considerations include vulnerability assessment, system resiliency, disaster recovery, and addressing complex, interconnected ...
[39]
Cybersecurity Resources for Transit Agencies | FTA
FTA has aggregated cybersecurity resources below to support transit agencies as they prepare for, mitigate, and respond to cybersecurity issues.
[40]
SIRI – Transmodel
SIRI is a European standard that enables real-time information about public transportation to be shared between different computer systems.
[41]
Developers > Introduction to SIRI - MTA Bus Time
SIRI (Service Interface for Real Time Information) is a standard covering a wide range of types of real-time information for public transportation.Siri For The Mta Bus Time... · Gtfs Reference Data · Siri Going Forward
[42]
Evaluating Real-Time and Scheduled Public Transport Data - MDPI
It reports that both GTFS formats are widely used in North America due to their integration with major trip-planning applications, whereas SIRI is much more ...
[43]
Paddington Station Passenger Information Display Systems – Projects
In response, mounted plasma screens were engineered and installed at key points of the terminal. These sleek points for public information formed of flat plasma ...
[44]
[PDF] Leading-edge Solutions for Next-generation Railway Systems - Hitachi
Dec 26, 2005 · We are therefore setting up an organization to develop LCDs for use within the train cars and plasma displays for use in stations and to provide ...
[45]
https://www.hitachi.com/ICSFiles/afieldfile/2005/12/26/r2005_04_101.pdf
[46]
32" High brightness, Sunlight Readable LCD | 3200-B - Litemax
High Brightness 2000 nits; Sunlight Readable; LED Backlight; Wide Viewing Angle of 178°(H), 178°(V); Wide Operation Temperature (-20 ˚C ~60˚C); LCD Blacking ...
[47]
Implementation of interactive transit information kiosks at New York ...
This paper examines the implementation of interactive touch-screen information kiosks, known as “On the Go!” Touch-Screen Travel Stations, at Metropolitan ...
[48]
Information Kiosks for Airports | TAV Technologies
An airport info kiosk is an interactive touch-screen device that allows passengers to search for information by entering keywords or selecting options from a ...
[49]
Text-to-Speech Solutions for Inclusive Public Services - ReadSpeaker
Can ReadSpeaker TTS support multiple languages and regional accents? Yes. With over 200 voices in 50+ languages, including regional accents, ReadSpeaker ...Missing: engines | Show results with:engines
[50]
Text-to-Speech : Innovation in Passenger Information - Voxygen
Speech synthesis integrated into passenger information systems enables messages to be broadcast in different languages in real time. Your messages are ...Missing: engines | Show results with:engines
[51]
Haptic Feedback for Passengers Using Public Transport | SpringerLink
Haptic feedback is becoming a popular feedback mode for navigation and routing applications. Here we discuss the integration of haptics into public transport ...
[52]
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1 - W3C
May 6, 2025 · Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1 covers a wide range of recommendations for making Web content more accessible.Understanding WCAG · Translations of W3C standards · WCAG21 history · Errata
[53]
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) for Transit
For example, WCAG 2.0 AA requires a contrast ratio of at least 4:5:1 for normal text and 3:1 for large text. Things as simple as signage and infotainment, with ...
[54]
Accessible by Design: Rethinking Passenger Information Systems
Transit is a gateway to economic opportunities and quality of life-enhancing amenities for marginalized riders, including seniors, people with disabilities, and ...
[55]
Providing Digital Signage Solutions for Transit Vehicles in California
4K resolution displays, available from 10'' to 120''. Versatile UTG Digital Displays Enhance Passenger Experience for Humboldt Transit Authority. UTG Digital ...
[56]
Passenger Information System - Avnet Displays
Apr 30, 2025 · Train Passenger Information. This customer was searching fruitlessly for a 4k ~ 42 inch stretched panel with EDP I/F and not V-by-One. Read ...Missing: resolution transit
[57]
Outdoor Display Brightness Guide: How to Choose the Right Nits
Sep 20, 2025 · Brightness is set to 3000 nits for example, at dusk. Outdoor displays with adaptive brightness can reduce annual power consumption by 20-30% in ...Missing: public | Show results with:public
[58]
How Transportation Digital Signage Improves Passenger Flow ...
Feb 3, 2025 · Dynamic Route Maps. Dynamic route maps display real-time updates on routes, schedules, and platform changes. These tools ensure passengers have ...
[59]
Visualizing public transit system operation with GTFS data - NIH
Apr 14, 2020 · However, there is still a need for a 'dynamic' visualization (animation) that can also measure and display transit system operation in terms ...
[60]
Implementing Multi-Language Support in Digital Signage Software
Language identification architecture plays a crucial role in automatically detecting and selecting the appropriate language for content display, ensuring ...
[61]
https://www.metroclick.com/digital-signage/software/implementing-multi-language-support-in-digital-signage-software/
[62]
Leveraging Edge Computing within Data-Driven Transit - Icomera
Jan 18, 2024 · Edge computing processes data on vehicles, improving performance, reliability, reducing latency, and making operations safer and more efficient.
[63]
[PDF] A generative modeling framework for ETA prediction - arXiv
Jun 24, 2019 · In this paper, we focus the ETA estimation problem only for bus based public transport routes, especially those that make frequent stops. One of ...
[64]
Estimated Time of Arrival: Accuracy, Methods and AI Tools - Techstack
Apr 29, 2025 · How is ETA calculated? ETA is calculated by combining key data such as distance, average speed, and external conditions like traffic or weather.
[65]
Real-Time Bus Departure Prediction Using Neural Networks ... - arXiv
Jan 17, 2025 · The integration of multiple datasets, transit operations data, meteorological data, and bus stop data, to enhance predictive accuracy. By ...Missing: external ETA
[66]
TransitApp/ETA-Accuracy-Benchmark - GitHub
A common methodology for measuring the accuracy of real-time ETA predictions for public transit ... 90-seconds late prediction are considered accurate. 3 ...
[67]
One million queries per second with MySQL - PlanetScale
Sep 1, 2022 · The first is to demonstrate PlanetScale's ability to handle large query volumes. For this, we set a goal of a million queries per second.Missing: passenger system hour distributed systems
[68]
[PDF] FTA Real-time Transit Information Assessment - ITS Report - ROSA P
Real-time transit information generally includes information on projected vehicle arrival and departure times, service disruptions and delays, transfers and ...
[69]
Part 37--Transportation Services for Individuals with Disabilities | FTA
37.185 Fleet accessibility requirement for OTRB fixed-route systems of large operators. ... Accessible formats include computer disks, braille documents, audio ...
[70]
[PDF] REAL-TIME BUS ARRIVAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Real-time bus arrival systems use AVL systems to track bus locations, and electronic signs, often LED, to display this information at bus stops.
[71]
Thales presents digital rail solutions: Innovation in rail transport
Mar 24, 2021 · This information is colour coded – green for low, yellow for medium and red for high- to enable social distancing and passenger safety while ...Missing: public color
[72]
[PDF] Impacts of long-term service disruptions on passenger travel ...
Sep 3, 2021 · recovery time, opinions on passenger information services, available transport ... Public transport strikes and traveller behaviour. Transport ...
[73]
Rider Information - ADA Toolkit - National RTAP
Accessible formats and technology include braille, large print, audio ... transit agency should be able to provide an audio recording of printed information.
[74]
Estimation of transfer walking time distribution in multimodal public ...
This paper presents an innovative approach for estimation of walking time distributions from bus stops to train platforms based on a matching of smart card data ...
[75]
[PDF] Use of Electronic Passenger Information Signage in Transit
The underlying technology that is required to generate the information that will be disseminated on the sign. This element covers the required underlying ...
[76]
[PDF] ECE-TRANS-SC.2-INFO-2024-03r1e.pdf - UNECE
Jun 20, 2024 · Staffed information booths or kiosks are also crucial in high-traffic train stations and hubs in order to provide passengers with ...
[77]
[PDF] Wireless Digital Train Line for Passenger Trains
1) There are Wi-Fi access point and/or small cell base stations installed within the passenger railcars. All passengers' mobile devices connect to those. The ...Missing: portals | Show results with:portals
[78]
[PDF] TO Onboard Passenger Information System (OPIS) - Mountain Transit
Jul 11, 2023 · Password protected Wi-Fi availability to riders on fixed route and OTM buses. b. Cost to install cameras and a passenger counting solution (if ...<|separator|>
[79]
Real-Time Passenger Information System
RTPI systems is a service that allows bus passengers to share transit schedule information such as arrival and departure times, delays along one route or ...
[80]
How Cities are Integrating Rideshare and Public Transportation
Feb 13, 2017 · Transit agencies and rideshare providers often share the smartphone as a user interface, making app integration an obvious, low-cost choice for ...
[81]
https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/17682/dot_17682_DS1.pdf
[82]
Is Bluetooth Low Energy feasible for mobile ticketing in urban ...
This paper focuses on assessing the feasibility of using BLE beacons for mobile ticketing in urban passenger transport.
[83]
AC Transit Rolls Out Secure Branded QR Codes
Dec 13, 2024 · AC Transit is excited to introduce secure, branded Quick Response (QR) codes designed to enhance the rider experience and improve security.
[84]
[PDF] TIS Web Summit: Emerging Technologies in Traveler Information to ...
Jun 17, 2020 · Voice Assistants (Alexa) ... • Numbers are not allowed with Google. Development Area. • Alexa and Google Assistant allow for a “Development site”.
[85]
[PDF] Review of Transit Data Sources: Potentials, Challenges and ...
Oct 16, 2021 · A core interest is the interoperability of passenger information systems ... Public Transport; Technical Report; Institute of Information Systems ...
[86]
Realtime Tracking of Passengers on the London Underground ...
The challenge for providing such service is that the London underground tunnels have no GPS, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or any kind of terrestrial signals to leverage.
[87]
[PDF] Transit System Integration PDF - ROSA P
The San Francisco MTC estimated the costs of its system implementation to be around $2 million.
[88]
How real-time passenger information correlates with increased ...
Apr 11, 2023 · It is widely accepted that passenger information plays a pivotal role in this. It provides significant benefits to public transport users – empowering them to ...
[89]
Urban Passenger Transport Public Private Partnership
Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are also increasingly being used to expand and enhance bus shelters, stations, and terminals, improving the travel experience ...
[90]
[PDF] GRAFFITI'S UNDERESTIMATED IMPACT ON PUBLIC TRANSPORT
In the quest to curb graffiti on public transport, the biggest challenge is currently the lack of cooperation, both on an international level between PTOs and ...
[91]
The GDPR's Effects on the Transportation Sector - CEE Legal Matters
Mar 2, 2020 · The GDPR, which canceled previous European data protection regulations, represents the biggest change in those regulations in 20 years.
[92]
How cities can make public transport inclusive, equitable and ...
This article outlines cities can improve equity in public transport by addressing issues associated with coverage, affordability, accessibility, safety and ...
[93]
COVID-19 Supply Chain Disruptions - ScienceDirect.com
Indeed, the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on supply chains and the design of resilient supply chains received increased public attention since March 2020.
[94]
(PDF) An Artificial Intelligence Approach to Estimate Travel Time ...
The ANN model predicts transit travel times with over 95% accuracy within 15 ... Keywords: Public transportation; Artificial neural networks; Travel time ...
[95]
Personalization in Public Transport Passenger Information Systems
Apr 4, 2025 · In recent years, efforts to promote public transport usage have emphasized the integration of personalization into passenger information ...
[96]
Sensing Technologies for Crowd Management, Adaptation, and ...
This paper presents a taxonomy and review of sensing technologies based on Internet of Things (IoT) for real-time crowd analysis.
[97]
Navigating the Future: The Impact of Edge AI on Transportation
Edge AI improves safety, increases efficiency through real-time data processing, and enhances traffic management effectiveness in transportation.
[98]
Integrating Blockchain Technology into Mobility-as-a-Service ...
Nov 1, 2024 · Secure data sharing is crucial for modern smart cities transportation systems. Blockchain can secure this process among different ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[99]
Applications of Augmented reality in transportation systems
May 22, 2023 · Public transportation information: AR can display real-time bus, train, or subway schedules, routes, and updates, allowing commuters to easily ...
[100]
Smart Mobility Platforms | Urban Transit & Traffic Smart City SS
Jun 3, 2025 · Real-time Passenger Information Systems: Providing accurate, up-to-the-minute information on arrivals, departures, and delays via mobile ...
[101]
AI-powered anomaly detection in transport security
Jan 11, 2024 · AI allows anomaly detection solutions to constantly improve, allowing them to detect most irregularities in real-time while simultaneously ...
[102]
Bahrain Public Transport Company (BPTC) increases ... - Microsoft
Aug 2, 2022 · In the process, they also managed to save around 30% of annual costs. BPTC are continuing to utilise both Power BI and Azure cloud services to ...
[103]
Biometric identification in the operation of public transport - RecFaces
To get access to the service, passengers need to upload a selfie to the service's mobile application and link a bank card to their account. The face recognition ...
[104]
Passenger Information System Market | Industry Report, 2030
Passenger Information System Market Report Scope ; Market size value in 2024. USD 35.54 billion ; Revenue forecast in 2030. USD 74.06 billion ; Growth Rate. CAGR ...Market Size & Forecast · Component Insights · Regional Insights
[105]
FIDSnet Updates 2024 - Improved Airport Display and Experiences
Nov 15, 2024 · The new FIDSnet can simultaneously display multiple data including flight schedules, gates, and announcements. It can auto-fetch data from connected systems.Introduction · Benefits of Investing in an... · FIDSnet Updates 2024: What's...
[106]
Plan, Book, and Save on Ferries - Ferryscanner App
Download the Ferryscanner App to compare 4500+ ferry routes, over 125 companies, explore deals, and book tickets effortlessly. Available on iOS and Android.
[107]
Real-time information and times - RATP
How are real-time departure and arrival times displayed? With SIEL, the online information system, you can consult…Missing: SNCF | Show results with:SNCF
[108]
Metro Stations | Bonjour RATP
There are 308 metro stations in Paris, currently served by 16 lines. The metro is generally underground, but the RATP network has 26 elevated metro stations.
[109]
[PDF] Manifeste de l'Information Voyageurs - Groupe RATP
It offers passengers in Île-de-France an 'end-to-end' service where they can search for the best route and book and buy the ticket they need in one place. ○On ...Missing: coverage | Show results with:coverage
[110]
The Vianavigo application is evolving! | Île-de-France Mobilités
Oct 28, 2020 · The home screen of the Vianavigo application now offers a dynamic pane so that you can easily have all the information you need. Next stops at ...
[111]
What passenger information services does the Bonjour RATP ...
Bonjour RATP offers: a route calculation taking into account the real-time schedules of the next departures for the Métro, RATP Bus and Noctilien networks, ...
[112]
RATP: generative AI and omnichannel bot for better user experience
Discover how RATP uses generative AI with DialOnce's Omnichannel Bot to enhance customer experience and reduce contacts ahead of the Paris 2024 Olympics.Missing: SNCF post- 2020
[113]
Assessing the legacy of Paris 2024 - Groupe SNCF
Nov 9, 2024 · SNCF Réseau has also fast-tracked the development of predictive maintenance for Paris 2024 by deploying a new sensor technology using artificial ...
[114]
The Olympic and Paralympic Games Paris 2024 - Groupe RATP
Over 100 specific transport services deployed on the metro and RER networks, and over 50 services on the streetcar network for the Paris 2024 Games. 98% core ...
[115]
Passenger information | SNCF Connect&Tech
With SNCF Connect, users have real-time information at every stage of their journey. As their journeys do not end at the station, we want to offer them useful ...
[116]
https://www.sncf-connect-tech.fr/en/our-digital-solutions-and-expertises/our-areas-of-expertise/passenger-information/
[117]
[PDF] Promoting JR EAST Groupʼs Inbound Initiatives
Dec 28, 2016 · East Japan Railway Company will introduce Japanese-English bilingual station numbering displays and announcements to in-train information ...
[118]
Some Japanese commuters irked by multilingual train displays
Apr 3, 2025 · Signage for train destinations in multiple languages is becoming increasingly common on train station platforms, particularly as the numbers ...
[119]
Adventures in Japanese UI Design: Railway Information Systems
Apr 21, 2015 · This post will take a closer look at the digital screens found above the doors on JR trains in Tokyo.
[120]
[PDF] Railway systems - Hitachihyoron
Mar 10, 2015 · On-board passenger information displays have increasingly been installed on commuter trains in recent years to provide better passenger ...
[121]
JR-EAST:Press Releases - Adoption of Early Earthquake Warning ...
Nov 6, 2007 · This will quickly stop trains if an earthquake occurs. JR East has a Shinkansen early warning system that detects preliminary earthquake ...
[122]
Products｜Passenger Information System - LECIP INC.
Passenger Information Displays. Tied into GPS or AVL systems, our LCD displays and LED signs offer the clearest location-based information in the industry.
[123]
Japan Travel–Trip,Transit&Rail - Apps on Google Play
Rating 4.7 (12,906) · Free · Android-Easily find the best transit routes, including Shinkansen, local trains (JR, subway), buses, ferries, and more. -View platform numbers, station lists, and ...Missing: rural passenger linkages<|control11|><|separator|>
[124]
The Secrets to the Punctuality of Japan's Trains
Jul 11, 2024 · That means one in four trains was late! Compare that to Japan, where some lines boast punctuality rates of over 99%. Even in Europe, where ...
[125]
[PDF] Integrated Report 2024 | JR Central
JR Central strives to enhance dialogue with its stakeholders, including shareholders and investors, in order to contribute to sustainable growth.
[126]
Sanyo-San'in Area Pass Information | West Japan Railway Company
When visiting Miyajima, a visitation tax of 100 yen must be paid upon boarding the Miyajima Ferry (as of October 2023). ... [NOTICE] Sanyo Shinkansen Passengers.
[127]
Bahn startet ReisendenInformationsSystem / Moderne Technik hält ...
Apr 10, 2003 · Ein optimiertes "ReisendenInformationsSystem" (RIS) wird künftig DB-Kunden und Eisenbahner wesentlich schneller und zuverlässiger darüber auf ...
[128]
Wie gelangen die Störungsinformationen zum Kunden?
Das RIS als Verteiler für Kundeninformationen. Das Reisendeninformationssystem (RIS) wandelt Daten aus dem ISTP in eine Reisendeninformation um und spielt ...
[129]
https://www.bahn.de/service/fahrplaene/stoerungsinformationen
[130]
Deutsche Bahn - Acapela Group
A DB custom voice used in all train stations: 21 million travelers and station visitors will hear each day the digital DB's voice, created by Acapela Group.
[131]
Has COVID-19 Accelerated the Transition to Contactless Payments ...
Mar 28, 2022 · Switchio discusses the advantages of contactless payments and looks at how the COVID-19 pandemic has brought the public transportation sector ...
[132]
Sharing services - Deutsche Bahn
Scooters from Dott and bikes from Call a Bike and Dott can currently be selected in the DB Navigator app. Information on booking · Open this information in a ...
[133]
Deutsche Bahn integrates last mile sharing services into its app
Sep 19, 2025 · According to Deutsche Bahn, the app not only displays all stops and stations near the user, but also available bicycles and scooters in the ...
[134]
[PDF] National Rail Enquiry Service - Parliament UK
May 20, 2004 · The National Rail Enquiry Scheme was set up in 1996 to provide rail passengers with one national impartial telephone information service. NRES ...
[135]
Darwin Data Feeds | National Rail
Darwin is the GB rail industry's official train running information engine, providing real-time arrival and departure predictions, platform numbers, delay ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[136]
London's streets first in England to trial Pedestrian Countdown ...
21 June 2010. Digital 'Countdown' timers tell pedestrians how long they have to safely cross the road. System expected to smooth traffic ...Missing: rollout | Show results with:rollout
[137]
Rail apps: unlocking the power of open data - Railway Technology
Oct 22, 2018 · Citymapper has live information for rail, tube and bus and intelligent route planning, and is free on Android, iOS or on the web, as is ...Missing: integration | Show results with:integration
[138]
Reliable travel data at passengers' hands thanks to Citymapper and ...
May 8, 2021 · Transport for the North (TfN) has confirmed a new partnership with Citymapper, helping passengers find the latest travel information to plan ...
[139]
The Elizabeth line's platform screen doors - Rail Engineer
Aug 24, 2022 · Take the Elizabeth line's Platform Screen Doors (PSDs) which were specified for its eight underground stations. This amounts to 432 pairs of doors which seems ...
[140]
Travel Alerts and Notifications | National Rail
When you select a service in the Journey Planner or Live Departures and Arrivals, you can sign up for one-off or repeat alerts for delay or disruption via email ...
[141]
Eurostar - Advance passenger information - Rail Europe Help
Oct 10, 2024 · From 1 April 2024, Eurostar is required by the UK government to collect Advance Passenger Information (API) for you and anyone else on your ...
[142]
SWR customers can now benefit from superfast on-board Wi-Fi with ...
May 20, 2025 · South Western Railway (SWR) customers can now enjoy unprecedented internet speeds up to 20 times faster than the current average, as it becomes ...
[143]
Full 4G and 5G on Britain's trains won't arrive before 2030
Oct 16, 2025 · Data-hungry rail passengers will have to wait until at least 2030 before getting something like universal mobile data coverage across the UK ...
[144]
Passenger information licence conditions | Office of Rail and Road
Passenger train and station operators need to provide passengers with information about their journeys and we regulate this through their licences.
[145]
New era of rail accountability for passengers as performance data ...
Mar 6, 2025 · Passengers across England can now see how reliable their local train services are, as performance data goes live at over 1,700 stations from ...Missing: 2500 accuracy
[146]
Passenger information | Office of Rail and Road - ORR
A guide for rail passengers on how to get refunds and compensation, how to make a complaint and other information for travellers on Britain's railways.
[147]
Metro News Release | WMATA
The Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (Metro) today announced a new enhancement to the passenger information display system monitors (PIDS) located ...
[148]
(PDF) The Impact of Countdown Clocks on Subway Ridership in ...
Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) of New York City (NYC) chose to install such countdown clocks in their stations starting from 2007 on a selection of ...
[149]
Transit - the best app for buses and trains
The world's most accurate transit app. Never miss a bus or train again on our 600+ supported cities, including New York, Paris, London, Montreal and more.Of the cities and regions... · Transit Support · Hello, Seattle. · Hello, Chicago.Missing: multi- | Show results with:multi-
[150]
FTA Program Fact Sheets under the Infrastructure Investment and ...
Apr 3, 2025 · Provides funding for transit-oriented development planning associated with a transit project for which the project sponsor will seek funding ...
[151]
Integrating shared e-scooters as the feeder to public transit
This study investigates the integration between shared e-scooters and public transit by conducting a comparative analysis in 124 European cities based on ...
[152]
The National Transit Database (NTD) | FTA
Jul 10, 2025 · This series of files include data on ridership, safety, operating expenses, service levels, funding sources, and more from transit providers ...NTD Data · Transit Agency Profiles · National Transit Reporting Tool · Manuals
[153]
The State of Public Transit 2025 Industry Report - Swiftly
Our annual State of Public Transit report captures insights from transit professionals across North America.Missing: coverage | Show results with:coverage
[154]
A Comprehensive Guide To Flight Information Display Systems ...
Sep 4, 2024 · These airport display systems mostly focus on sharing information about outgoing flights. They share airline names, gate numbers, flight IDs, ...
[155]
Flight Information Display Systems - FIDS.com
Integrate your FIDS database to seamlessly share content across your airport, to arrival/departure boards, check-in allocations, gates, baggage belt displays, ...All-Inclusive Digital... · A Smarter Approach To Fids · A Full-Service Solution For...
[156]
The Best & Successful Airport Chatbots - Master of Code
In this article, we'll take a closer look at the top 5 examples of Conversational AI chatbots for airports in 2025, and the key use cases that each solution ...
[157]
[PDF] The NEXTT Vision in a post-COVID-19 World - IATA
Data management will create a seamless journey for passengers by leveraging biometrics, customs controls, risk assessments, baggage handling and tracking.
[158]
Vessel Traffic Information System
Get real-time vessel traffic information with the Vessel Traffic Information System (VTIS) by the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA).
[159]
NAUTIDE: tides, wind, waves, solunar, marine +
All the information you need to know to plan activities at sea in a simple and practical app. More than 25,000 coastal stations around the world.
[160]
Cybersecurity in the Marine Transportation System - Federal Register
Jan 17, 2025 · This final rule addresses current and emerging cybersecurity threats in the marine transportation system by adding minimum cybersecurity requirements.
[161]
In Shanghai Weixin Pay benefits expats, international users
By activating the Shanghai public transit QR code through the "Transit QR Code" WeChat mini program, they can also gain access to seamless travel across ...
[162]
IRCTC App
Search and Book train tickets; View and Cancel tickets; Retains recently added passenger details; New Users, register from App directly; Upcoming Journey Alerts.
[163]
Opal Travel | transportnsw.info
Real-time travel information: Stay informed about whether services are running on time for peace of mind. Stop alighting reminders: Get notified when you're ...
[164]
Public Transit in Toronto
... multi-modal transit hub which connects more than 300000 passengers daily to their destination. The Toronto Parking Authority (TPA) provides convenient off ...
[165]
Toronto partners to pilot urban mobility technology - Smart Cities World
May 28, 2024 · The City of Toronto is partnering with the Ontario Vehicle Innovation Network (Ovin) to pilot urban mobility technologies. The Ovin Technology ...