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VMware

VMware is an multinational technology company that specializes in and software, enabling organizations to create, run, and manage virtual machines and hybrid cloud environments. Founded in 1998 by , , Scott Devine, Ellen Wang, and Edouard Bugnion, the company is headquartered in , and served over 500,000 customers worldwide as of 2023 with solutions for data centers, desktops, and multi-cloud operations. Key products include vSphere, a leading virtualization platform for server infrastructure, and VMware Cloud Foundation, an integrated private cloud solution combining compute, storage, networking, and management. VMware pioneered x86 virtualization with the release of VMware Workstation in 1999 and ESX Server in 2001, establishing itself as a market leader in enterprise IT infrastructure. The company was acquired by EMC Corporation in 2004, later becoming part of Dell Technologies in 2016 through EMC's acquisition, before Dell spun it off as a publicly traded entity in 2021. In November 2023, completed its $69 billion acquisition of VMware, integrating it into its portfolio to enhance offerings in software-defined infrastructure, security, and . Under , VMware shifted to a subscription-based model and made personal use products like and free in November 2024, while selling its division—including products like Horizon—to for approximately $4 billion in 2024; the division now operates independently as Omnissa. Today, VMware by continues to innovate in multi-cloud strategies, supporting for complex enterprises across industries.

History

Founding and early years

VMware was founded in 1998 as a spin-off from by , , Scott Devine, Edward Wang, and Edouard Bugnion. The company originated from research in Rosenblum's Stanford lab on technology, aiming to enable one computer to host multiple operating systems efficiently. The initial focus was on developing software to combat hardware underutilization, where servers typically operated at only 10-15% capacity, leading to inefficiencies in data centers. VMware targeted the x86 architecture, which lacked native hardware support for virtualization, presenting significant technical hurdles in running multiple guest operating systems on a single physical machine. In May 1999, VMware launched its first product, , which allowed users to create and run multiple virtual machines on desktop x86 systems, marking the commercial debut of . Early funding included a $20 million venture round in May 2000 led by and a $5 million round in August 2000 led by , supporting development amid skepticism about virtualization's viability on non-virtualizable x86 hardware. A key technical breakthrough was VMware's patented approach using dynamic binary translation combined with direct execution, enabling full virtualization without hardware assistance by translating sensitive guest instructions at runtime while allowing non-sensitive code to run natively. This method, detailed in U.S. Patent 6,397,242 for the segmented architecture and U.S. Patent 6,496,847 for the system virtualization, addressed x86's protection ring limitations and achieved performance close to native hardware speeds.

EMC acquisition and growth

In 2004, EMC Corporation acquired VMware for $625 million in a cash transaction, enabling the company to retain significant operational independence while benefiting from EMC's resources and market reach. This acquisition provided VMware with the backing to scale its virtualization technologies amid growing enterprise demand for server consolidation and efficiency. Building on its pre-acquisition foundation, VMware had introduced the ESX Server hypervisor in 2001, a type-1 bare-metal solution that laid the groundwork for advanced virtualization. Under EMC's stewardship, this evolved into the ESXi hypervisor starting in 2007, which eliminated the need for a separate Linux-based service console, streamlining deployment and enhancing security for enterprise environments. VMware's server virtualization offerings gained rapid traction, capturing over 80% of the x86 virtualization market share by 2010 as organizations increasingly adopted its platform to optimize data center resources. A pivotal development came in with the launch of the vSphere suite, VMware's comprehensive cloud operating system that unified compute, storage, and networking into a single, integrated platform, further solidifying its enterprise dominance. This period marked explosive growth, with annual revenue expanding from $218 million in 2004 to $6.57 billion by 2015, driven by widespread adoption across companies and global data centers. Concurrently, VMware's workforce grew to approximately 19,000 employees by the end of 2015, reflecting its transformation into a major player in the ecosystem.

Dell Technologies integration

In October 2015, Dell announced its intent to acquire Corporation in a cash-and-stock valued at approximately $67 billion, which included EMC's majority stake in VMware. The acquisition faced regulatory hurdles, including antitrust reviews by authorities in the , which granted unconditional approval in February 2016, and in , where scrutiny delayed clearance until August 2016. The deal closed on September 7, 2016, forming as a privately held entity and integrating EMC's storage and assets with Dell's hardware portfolio, while VMware operated as a separate publicly traded under Dell's control. Following the merger, VMware was structured as a tracked entity through ' Class V common stock (NYSE: DVMT), which mirrored VMware's economic performance and allowed public trading of exposure to VMware without direct ownership of its shares. This arrangement enabled to retain an 81% economic interest in VMware while providing liquidity to EMC's legacy shareholders, with DVMT shares trading from September 2016 until its delisting in December 2018. The integration fostered synergies between VMware's software and 's , notably in solutions like VxRail, which combines VMware vSAN software-defined storage with servers for simplified deployment and scalability in data centers. These optimized stacks enhanced customer offerings in hybrid cloud environments, contributing to VMware's role in driving approximately 10-12% of ' overall revenue during fiscal years 2017-2021 through direct sales and equity earnings. The period also presented challenges, including internal restructuring amid the merger's complexity and leadership transitions at VMware. Pat Gelsinger stepped down as VMware's CEO in September 2016 shortly after the deal closed, succeeded by Sanjay Poonen as co-CEO alongside Rangarajan , reflecting adjustments to align with ' broader strategy. Antitrust concerns prolonged the approval process, particularly in , where regulators examined potential impacts on in and markets, ultimately approving the transaction without conditions but after multiple extensions. A pivotal development occurred in July 2018 when announced a $21.7 billion of the DVMT tracking , offering shareholders $109 per share in cash and notes to eliminate the dual-class structure and fully consolidate VMware under its private control. The transaction, completed in December 2018, streamlined governance, reduced public reporting burdens, and allowed to more tightly integrate VMware's innovations with its end-to-end IT solutions, paving the way for enhanced focus on hybrid cloud growth.

Spinoff and Broadcom acquisition

In November 2021, Dell Technologies completed the spinoff of its 81% equity ownership in VMware through a special distribution of approximately 338 million shares of VMware stock to Dell shareholders, allowing VMware to regain its independent listing on the under the ticker symbol VMW. This separation provided VMware with greater operational autonomy and a simplified to pursue its strategic priorities. Following the , VMware intensified its emphasis on multi-cloud strategies to capitalize on the accelerated spurred by the , enabling enterprises to manage applications across diverse cloud environments more effectively. This period marked a brief era of independence for VMware, during which it focused on expanding its and multi-cloud offerings to support organizational agility in a rapidly evolving IT landscape. On May 26, 2022, announced its agreement to acquire VMware in a cash-and-stock transaction valued at approximately $61 billion, with assuming an additional $8 billion in VMware net debt, positioning the deal as a key expansion into for the giant. The acquisition faced significant delays due to international regulatory reviews, including antitrust scrutiny, with final approval from China's granted on November 21, 2023, after prolonged negotiations amid U.S.- tensions. The transaction closed on November 22, 2023, integrating VMware into 's portfolio and delisting it from the NYSE. Immediately after the acquisition, VMware underwent as "VMware by ," aligning it with 's broader software division while maintaining its core identity in and technologies. VMware's executive leadership, including CEO Raghu Raghuram, continued in their roles to ensure operational stability, though under the strategic oversight of 's President and CEO Hock E. Tan, who emphasized synergies between hardware and software infrastructures. This integration marked a pivotal shift for VMware toward a more semiconductor-centric ecosystem.

Post-acquisition developments

Following Broadcom's acquisition of VMware, which closed in November 2023, the company implemented a major licensing overhaul in early 2024, transitioning entirely to a subscription-only model with core-based pricing and eliminating perpetual licenses for products like , , and . This shift required a minimum of 16 cores per CPU for licensing, aiming to simplify offerings but resulting in higher costs for many customers with smaller deployments. As part of its restructuring, announced in February 2024 the sale of VMware's (EUC) division, including products like Horizon, to for $4 billion, with the transaction completing in July 2024. Additionally, starting November 11, 2024, made VMware's desktop hypervisors, and , for all users, including , educational, and use, to broaden while focusing resources on enterprise solutions. In parallel, streamlined VMware's partner ecosystem to focus on high-value relationships, reducing the number of authorized VMware Providers (VCSPs) from over 4,500 to approximately 500 globally by April 2025. This consolidation eliminated lower-tier partners, such as the "Registered" reseller category, and prioritized elite tiers like Pinnacle and to drive strategic sales of VMware Foundation. The changes disrupted the broader channel network, previously exceeding 18,000 U.S. resellers, narrowing it to around 300 in that region to enhance support for enterprise-scale implementations. At VMware Explore 2025 in August, emphasized AI integration and private cloud resilience through key announcements, including the integration of Private AI Services as a standard component of VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0. The event highlighted Tanzu Data Intelligence for , enabling secure, on-premises AI workloads, alongside cyber-resilient features like built-in hardening and advanced threat prevention in the unified private cloud platform. These developments positioned VMware as an AI-native solution for hybrid environments, addressing and performance needs in enterprise settings. Despite concerns over customer churn due to pressures, VMware's stabilized and grew post-acquisition, achieving an annual exceeding $13 billion by fiscal year 2025, driven by subscription uptake and AI-related demand. Infrastructure software revenues, largely from VMware, reached $6.8 billion in Broadcom's third quarter of FY2025, reflecting a 17% year-over-year increase amid the transition. Broadcom adopted a "defensive" for VMware, concentrating on entrenched and platforms to counter competition from providers like AWS and , where VMware's strengths in on-premises control and multi-cloud interoperability provide differentiation. This approach prioritizes customer retention in regulated sectors through resilient, AI-enhanced infrastructure, even as some enterprises explore migrations to hyperscaler alternatives.

Corporate structure

Ownership and governance

VMware has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Inc. since the completion of 's $69 billion acquisition on November 22, 2023. Upon closing, VMware's common stock ceased trading on the , marking its full integration as a private entity within 's portfolio. Governance of VMware is fully integrated into 's corporate structure, with oversight provided by 's . VMware's divisional leadership, including Senior Vice President and General Manager Krish Prasad of the VMware Cloud Foundation division, reports directly to Hock E. Tan, 's President and . While VMware retains operational elements tied to its original , base, strategic alignment occurs through 's corporate headquarters, which relocated to the Palo Alto campus post-acquisition before divesting properties there in October 2025. In the wake of the acquisition, filed Form 8-K with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on November 22, 2023, detailing the transaction's completion and integration plans. As a , VMware adheres to listing requirements through its publicly traded parent company, Inc. (NASDAQ: AVGO). As of early 2025, VMware employs approximately 16,000 people globally, with further reductions following October 2025 layoffs and a substantial portion dedicated to in core platforms and solutions.

Leadership and headquarters

VMware's leadership transitioned significantly after its 2023 acquisition by Inc., with the virtualization software division now under the direct oversight of 's corporate executives. As of November 2025, Hock E. Tan serves as President and Chief Executive Officer of , effectively leading VMware's strategic direction as evidenced by his keynote at VMware Explore 2025. Raghu Raghuram served as CEO of VMware from May 2021 to November 2023, when he departed following Broadcom's acquisition; in October 2025, he joined as a , emphasizing continuity in product from his prior roles at VMware since 2003. Among key executives, Krish Prasad acts as Senior Vice President and General Manager of the VMware Cloud Foundation Division, while Purnima Padmanabhan serves as Vice President and General Manager of the Tanzu Division, both reporting into Broadcom's structure. Following the acquisition, integrated its executives into VMware's operations, resulting in multiple high-profile exits in 2025, including leaders from the Enterprise Security Group and other units, to streamline alignment with 's profit-focused model. In 2024, sold VMware's division to for $4 billion to focus on core and technologies. VMware has advanced initiatives over the past decade, achieving 27.1% representation of women in roles by early 2024 through targeted programs like for business-led DEI efforts and internal groups. The founders' direct influence on VMware waned after the 2004 EMC acquisition, though co-founder shaped its early trajectory as CEO from 1998 to 2008, establishing as a core market. VMware's primary headquarters remains in , at 3421 Hillview Avenue, a site in the ; the former main campus at 3401 Hillview Avenue was acquired by post-deal but sold in October 2025 for approximately $115 million amid . Significant additional campuses include the Bengaluru facility in , supporting research and development with collaborative workspaces.

Financial overview

VMware's experienced significant over its , starting from $47 million in 2002 and reaching $13.35 billion in fiscal year 2023. Following the acquisition by , VMware's performance contributed to quarterly revenues of $6.6 billion in the second quarter of fiscal year 2025 for the infrastructure software segment, positioning it for continued under Broadcom's integration. Prior to the acquisition, VMware maintained EBITDA margins of approximately 30%, reflecting solid profitability in its and operations. Post-acquisition cost synergies, including operational efficiencies and reduced overhead, have delivered over $1 billion in annual savings, equivalent to more than 10% of pre-acquisition operating expenses. At the time of its 2021 from , VMware achieved a exceeding $60 billion, underscoring its value as an independent entity focused on software innovation. The subsequent acquisition, valued at $69 billion including assumed net debt, commanded a premium of over 40% to VMware's pre-announcement share price, driven by the attractiveness of its growing recurring revenue streams from subscriptions and offerings. Under 's model, VMware has shifted to subscription-based , with adjustments—including minimum core commitments and bundled offerings—accelerating annual recurring . VMware's early funding included from and other firms, supporting its without significant debt accumulation prior to the era.

Products and services

Core virtualization

VMware's core technologies form the foundation of its on-premises offerings, enabling efficient resource utilization through the creation and management of virtual machines (VMs). These technologies primarily revolve around hypervisors that abstract physical to run multiple isolated operating environments on a single , supporting enterprise workloads such as application hosting and data processing. At the heart of VMware's server-side virtualization is ESXi, a type-1 bare-metal that installs directly on physical hardware without an underlying operating , allowing it to allocate resources more efficiently to guest . ESXi supports advanced features like vMotion, which enables of running between compatible hosts with zero downtime, facilitating maintenance, load balancing, and . This capability relies on shared storage and network configurations to transfer , CPU , and disk seamlessly. vSphere serves as the integrated platform encompassing ESXi, providing a comprehensive suite for virtualization deployment and management. It includes vCenter Server, a centralized management tool that oversees multiple ESXi hosts and clusters through a unified interface, enabling tasks such as resource provisioning, monitoring, and policy enforcement. In 2025, vSphere is available in editions like , priced at $50 per core annually, which offers core ESXi and basic vCenter functionality for smaller environments, and Enterprise Plus at $150 per core annually, adding advanced capabilities like distributed resource scheduling and . These subscription-based models, with a minimum of 16 cores per CPU, reflect VMware's shift toward per-core licensing post-Broadcom acquisition. For desktop and development use cases, VMware offers type-2 hypervisors such as and , which run atop a host operating system to simulate virtualized environments for testing and prototyping. Workstation Pro, targeted at developers, supports running multiple guest OSes on Windows or hosts, including features for snapshotting, cloning, and integration with vSphere for hybrid workflows. Fusion provides similar functionality for macOS users, allowing seamless execution of Windows applications alongside native ones. Both tools, now available free for commercial, educational, and personal use as of 2024, emphasize ease of use for non-production scenarios. Technically, VMware's core virtualization employs full virtualization techniques, where the emulates complete hardware environments for unmodified guest OSes, enhanced by hardware-assisted methods introduced post-2005. These include VT-x and AMD-V extensions, which offload sensitive instructions from software emulation to the CPU, improving performance and security by reducing overhead in trap-and-emulate cycles. This approach, evolving from VMware's early product in the late , has become standard for enterprise deployments. In the enterprise market, VMware's core virtualization technologies powered approximately 70% of virtual machines as of 2024, according to , maintaining dominance despite competitive pressures from open-source alternatives and licensing changes. This leadership stems from its maturity, ecosystem integration, and proven scalability in environments.

Cloud and hybrid infrastructure

VMware's cloud and infrastructure solutions facilitate the integration of on-premises environments with public s, enabling seamless workload portability and consistent operations across and multi- architectures. These offerings build on the vSphere base layer to support modern applications, including virtual machines and containers, while prioritizing , , and . By abstracting underlying infrastructure complexities, VMware allows organizations to migrate, balance, and protect workloads without refactoring, addressing the needs of enterprises managing diverse ecosystems. A cornerstone of this portfolio is VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) 9.0, launched on June 17, 2025, as a unified software-defined stack for building and operating private clouds. VCF 9.0 converges compute, storage, networking, and management into a single platform, incorporating built-in runtime through the vSphere Service (VKS) to run containerized workloads alongside traditional . This integration supports self-service provisioning of clusters via pre-built blueprints, automated lifecycle management, and native pipelines with tools like Argo CD, simplifying app modernization and reducing operational silos. Key enhancements include fleet-wide health monitoring, unified policy enforcement, and embedded cost management dashboards for and showback, all accessible through a consistent surface and support. For hybrid extensions into public clouds, VMware provides hosted services such as VMware Cloud on AWS and VMware Solution, which deliver native VMware environments in AWS and data centers to extend on-premises infrastructure. These services enable organizations to run vSphere-based s in the cloud with minimal changes, supporting burst capacity, , and development/testing scenarios. Central to their hybrid capabilities is VMware HCX (Hybrid Cloud Extension), a mobility platform that facilitates non-disruptive migrations, workload rebalancing, and business continuity across sites using features like vMotion over , replication, and Layer 2 extensions. HCX ensures high-performance via optimized networking, whether over public internet or dedicated links like AWS Direct Connect, allowing seamless extensions without application downtime. Complementing these is VMware Tanzu, a Kubernetes-based platform designed for developing, deploying, and managing containerized applications across multi-cloud environments. Tanzu provides a consistent runtime that spans on-premises, private, and public clouds, enabling standardized automation for build-to-run pipelines and reducing developer friction with integrated tools for , scanning, and AI-powered . It supports air-gapped deployments and offers lifecycle management for clusters, including automated upgrades and policies, helping organizations achieve up to 142% ROI over three years by streamlining operations and cutting management costs by as much as 80%. Tanzu integrates natively with VCF to orchestrate modern apps, ensuring portability for workloads without . In 2025, VMware enhanced its offerings with Sovereign Cloud capabilities, tailored for data residency and compliance in regulated industries. These features ensure that all data, including metadata and encryption keys, remains within jurisdictional boundaries, managed by local operators to meet sovereignty requirements like those under the EU's Directive. Built on VCF, Sovereign Cloud provides security models, logical segmentation, and certified processes for auditability, while supporting workload portability to adapt to evolving regulations—addressing the needs of 88% of large organizations prioritizing . This approach allows enterprises to innovate with cloud agility without compromising control, particularly as global data volumes exceed 180 zettabytes. By 2025, VMware's hybrid infrastructure solutions have seen widespread adoption, with 87% of its 10,000 largest customers implementing VCF for and hybrid setups, alongside nine of the top 10 companies. This momentum reflects the platform's role in driving cloud repatriation and modernization, powering over 100 million workloads globally and enabling scalable hybrid operations for diverse enterprises.

Management and automation

VMware's management and automation capabilities enable IT teams to oversee, optimize, and automate operations across and multi-cloud environments, leveraging integrated tools for , , and . These solutions focus on post-deployment efficiency, providing visibility into health and automating routine tasks to reduce operational overhead. The vRealize Suite, now rebranded as VMware Suite since 2022 with further simplifications in 2024, encompasses key components for operations management, automation, and log analytics. VMware Operations (formerly vRealize Operations) delivers AI-powered analytics for , , and predictive insights, helping administrators anticipate issues before they impact services. VMware Automation (formerly vRealize Automation) facilitates provisioning and , while VMware Operations for Logs (formerly vRealize Log Insight) provides centralized with intelligent analytics for at scale. In 2025, enhancements to Aria Operations introduced advanced AI-driven , enabling proactive anomaly detection and optimization recommendations based on models. VMware Aria Suite supports multi-cloud management by integrating cost optimization features, such as real-time expense tracking and resource right-sizing across public and private clouds, to minimize waste and ensure with budgeting goals. This unified portfolio streamlines operations for heterogeneous environments, offering a single pane of glass for monitoring and governance. Integrated within VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) 9.0, Private AI Services introduce agentic AI workflows that allow enterprises to build and deploy autonomous AI agents for tasks like resource orchestration and . Released in 2025, these services enable secure, on-premises AI model management with integration, supporting generative AI applications while maintaining . Automation in VMware environments is enhanced through native integrations with open-source tools like and . VMware Aria Automation Assembler supports playbooks for configuration management and providers for declarative infrastructure provisioning, allowing developers to define and deploy resources via code within vRealize workflows. These integrations promote (IaC) practices, enabling repeatable and version-controlled deployments across VMware platforms. In 2025, VMware introduced support in management s as part of broader hardening for Aria Suite and VCF, incorporating NIST-approved algorithms to protect API communications against future quantum threats. This update ensures long-term resilience for automated operations in sensitive environments.

Networking and security

VMware's networking and offerings center on (SDN) and advanced threat protection tailored for virtualized and environments. The flagship product, NSX, delivers that decouples networking services from underlying hardware, enabling automated provisioning and policy enforcement across data centers and clouds. Micro-segmentation in NSX isolates workloads at the individual or level, applying granular policies based on application , , and to prevent lateral of threats. This approach enhances by default, supporting zero-trust architectures without requiring changes to physical . NSX 4.2, released in 2024, introduces enhancements to intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS) with improved performance and detection capabilities on NSX Edge nodes, including support for distributed prevention. While not explicitly branding it as AI-driven in core documentation, these updates integrate with broader threat intelligence feeds for proactive in virtual networks. In 2025, NSX advanced with the release of version 9.0 on June 17, 2025 (build 24733063), integrated as part of VMware Cloud Foundation 9.0, featuring pre-installation of NSX components on vSphere hosts for streamlined deployment and built-in workload mobility. A subsequent update, NSX 9.0.1, released on September 29, 2025 (build 24952111), includes security fixes for vulnerabilities such as CVE-2025-41251 and CVE-2025-41252. Complementing NSX, provides endpoint detection and response (EDR) capabilities, continuously monitoring and recording endpoint activities for threat hunting and incident response. Acquired by VMware in 2019 prior to the deal, Carbon Black integrates seamlessly with NSX to extend visibility and automated responses from endpoints to the network layer. In 2025, VMware launched vDefend as a unified platform designed for zero-trust protection in private clouds built on VMware (VCF). vDefend combines distributed ing, workload isolation, and advanced threat prevention to secure and agentic workloads, automating multi-stage segmentation and rule analysis for scalable lateral . Key technologies include NSX's distributed , which enforces Layer 7 policies directly in the for elastic, context-aware protection without performance overhead. VMware also incorporates (SASE) capabilities through integrations like , providing converged networking and services for distributed users and edges. These solutions support by embedding audit-ready controls and data isolation features. For instance, NSX micro-segmentation aids adherence to GDPR through identity-aware access controls and data residency enforcement in virtual networks. Similarly, HIPAA is facilitated by HIPAA-compliant , logging, and segmentation to protect sensitive in transit and at rest within virtualized infrastructures. Overall, VMware's networking and portfolio prioritizes integrated, policy-driven defenses to mitigate risks in dynamic, virtualized ecosystems.

End-user computing

In 2024, Broadcom sold VMware's End-User Computing (EUC) division to KKR for $4 billion, which was rebranded as Omnissa. Omnissa's EUC portfolio provides solutions for delivering virtual desktops, applications, and unified management to support remote and hybrid work environments. These offerings enable organizations to centralize IT resources while allowing users secure access to personalized workspaces from any device, reducing administrative overhead and enhancing productivity. Key components include virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI), endpoint management, and dynamic application layering, designed to integrate seamlessly with broader virtualization ecosystems. Horizon serves as the primary VDI platform for provisioning and managing remote desktops and applications. It supports the creation of virtual workspaces that users can access via thin clients or mobile devices, with features for high-performance and delivery. Horizon 8, released in 2020 and updated through 2025, incorporates AI-optimized capabilities, leveraging predictive resource scaling for GPU-intensive workloads to ensure smooth in hybrid cloud setups. This version enhances by dynamically allocating resources based on workload demands, particularly for and applications. Workspace ONE functions as a (UEM) platform, consolidating device enrollment, application deployment, and security policies across operating systems like Windows, , and . It streamlines IT operations by providing a single console for managing endpoints, including compliance checks and controls. Workspace ONE integrates with for co-management scenarios, allowing organizations to leverage existing ecosystems while extending UEM capabilities to non-Windows devices. This interoperability supports hybrid and policy enforcement without requiring a full migration. App Volumes enables dynamic application delivery by packaging apps into virtual disks that attach to user sessions in , eliminating the need for traditional installations or OS image rebuilds. Administrators can assign apps based on user groups or entitlements, with updates propagating instantly across desktops without . This approach simplifies , supporting both persistent and non-persistent VDI environments by separating apps from the base image. In 2025, Omnissa's EUC solutions emphasized support for work models, with Horizon 8 version 2506 adding compatibility for VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) 9.0 to facilitate secure, scalable access in private and clouds. This allows VDI deployments to leverage VCF's unified for consistent operations across on-premises and resources, incorporating brief secure access enhancements via NSX for zero-trust networking. These EUC tools are widely adopted for remote computing needs.

Discontinued products

Legacy virtualization tools

VMware's ESX Server served as the company's inaugural type-1 , first released in 2001 to enable multiple operating systems to run on a single physical through . It operated with a that included a service console—a Linux-based layer for and third-party integrations—allowing for robust deployments but introducing overhead and risks. Support for ESX Server continued through version 4.1 until its discontinuation in 2010, as VMware shifted focus to the more streamlined ESXi to reduce the overall footprint and eliminate the service console entirely. A key factor in ESX Server's retirement was the service console's vulnerability to exploits, including remote code execution flaws stemming from outdated third-party libraries and insufficient from the , which exposed it to attacks that could compromise the entire . These security concerns, combined with the need for a lighter, more secure bare-metal alternative, prompted the transition to ESXi starting with version 3.5 in 2007 and culminating in ESX's full phase-out. VMware Server, introduced in 2006 as a free, hosted type-2 , allowed users to run virtual machines on top of an existing operating system, targeting developers and small-scale testing environments. Despite updates through version 2.0, which added a web-based , it was declared discontinued in January 2010, with general support ending on June 30, 2011, primarily due to its limitations in scalability, performance, and advanced enterprise features like and . VMware reached the end of technical guidance for vSphere 6.x versions, including 6.5 and 6.7, on November 15, 2023, following their general support conclusion in 2022, necessitating upgrades to maintain and . Concurrently, the phase-out of perpetual licenses accelerated under Broadcom's , with new sales ending in 2024 to simplify licensing and align with cloud-native strategies. Customers on these legacy setups were directed to paths toward ESXi 8.0, which offers enhanced , support, and with modern , though the process required careful planning to address gaps in older deployments.

Retired cloud offerings

VMware has retired several cloud offerings as part of its portfolio simplification following the acquisition by , focusing on transitioning to subscription-based models centered on VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) and vSphere Foundation. One key retirement is , a SaaS-based platform-as-a-service (PaaS) offering introduced in the for managing software-defined data centers (SDDCs) across public and on-premises environments. CDS was discontinued with no new subscriptions or renewals permitted after the announcement, as shifted emphasis to on-premises alternatives within VCF. Existing customers can access VMware Cloud Director capabilities as an optional advanced add-on to facilitate transitions. In a related development, the partnership for VMware Cloud on underwent a significant shift in , culminating in licensing changes that ended the sale of license-included VCF nodes by Cloud starting November 1, 2025. This move required customers to procure VMware licenses directly from for new deployments or renewals, reflecting broader adjustments in hyperscaler integrations post-acquisition. The service itself continues to operate, but the change streamlined VMware's cloud delivery model away from bundled hyperscaler offerings. For 2025, VMware announced end-of-general-support () dates for several versions of vRealize Automation 8.x, now rebranded as VMware Automation, with migrations directed to the Aria portfolio. Specific EOS timelines include 8.16.0 on January 16, 2025; 8.16.1 on February 20, 2025; 8.16.2 on March 21, 2025; and 8.17.0 on May 9, 2025, after which full support and subscription services cease unless upgraded. These retirements stem from Broadcom's strategy to streamline VMware's extensive portfolio, consolidating nearly 9,000 SKUs and over 160 product bundles into two primary subscription offerings to reduce complexity and enable faster innovation. The focus on cost reduction and portfolio rationalization under Broadcom's ownership prioritized integrated solutions like VCF, phasing out legacy services that no longer aligned with this unified approach. Customers affected by these changes receive support for existing contracts through their term, with incentives such as upgrade pricing for trading in perpetual licenses to subscriptions; transitions to successors like Tanzu within VCF are supported until at least the end of active agreements, often extending into 2026.

Other phased-out solutions

VMware acquired , an open-source email and collaboration platform, from in January 2010 to expand its offerings in enterprise messaging and integration. However, as part of a strategic realignment announced in January , VMware divested to Telligent Systems in July , completing its portfolio streamlining efforts at the time. This sale allowed VMware to refocus on core infrastructure software, while continued independently before later acquisitions by other entities. In April 2017, VMware announced the acquisition of , a cloud-native metrics monitoring and , with the deal closing in the second quarter of fiscal 2018 to enhance its vRealize Operations capabilities for modern application . Following integration, Wavefront's technology was rebranded and embedded into VMware's broader suite, evolving into Tanzu Observability and later VMware Aria Operations for Applications by 2023, effectively retiring it as a standalone product in 2024 amid Broadcom's post-acquisition consolidations. This shift emphasized bundled solutions over independent tools, aligning with VMware's move toward comprehensive management . VMware acquired , a provider of secure, ready-to-run application and deployment stacks, in November 2019 to bolster its and container ecosystem. The acquisition led to the integration of Bitnami's catalog into VMware Tanzu Application Catalog in 2020, offering enterprise-grade, verified open-source packages for modern app development. By 2025, under Broadcom's ownership, Bitnami's free public repository was phased out as a standalone offering, with non-hardened images moved to a legacy status on August 28, 2025, and transitioned to a premium, subscription-based model to prioritize production-ready, secured containers. VMware vShield, introduced in the early as a suite for environments including firewalling, endpoint protection, and app isolation, reached end of general support on August 31, 2013, with extended support ending shortly thereafter. It was succeeded by NSX, VMware's next-generation network and platform launched in 2012, which incorporated and advanced vShield's features for micro-segmentation and distributed . During Broadcom's 2023 acquisition of VMware, subsequent SKU rationalizations in 2025 reduced the product portfolio from over 200 to fewer than 10 core bundles, eliminating niche standalone tools like —a cost allocation and reporting solution for private clouds. , originally part of vCloud Suite, was migrated into VMware Aria Operations for integrated cost management, ceasing availability as a separate product to streamline offerings toward subscription-based, all-in-one platforms.

Acquisitions and partnerships

Key acquisitions by VMware

VMware has completed over 55 acquisitions through 2025, strategically broadening its offerings in , , and . The company saw peak acquisition activity in 2019, with nine deals, including to enhance container and multi-cloud application packaging capabilities. Other notable 2019 acquisitions included for $2.1 billion, bolstering endpoint security for cloud-native workloads, and for $2.7 billion, strengthening cloud-native platform development—though VMware had previously held a minority stake in Pivotal. In 2011, VMware executed eight acquisitions, such as PacketMotion to advance and visibility tools. Earlier landmark deals laid foundational expansions, including the 2009 acquisition of SpringSource for $420 million, which integrated development and platform-as-a-service technologies into VMware's ecosystem. In 2012, VMware acquired Nicira for $1.26 billion, introducing innovations that powered products like NSX. The 2020 purchase of SaltStack, an open-source platform, further enhanced infrastructure and event-driven security, completing key gaps in VMware's portfolio. Following Broadcom's $69 billion acquisition of VMware in November 2023, no additional VMware-led acquisitions have occurred, with efforts shifting toward integrating existing assets into Broadcom's broader strategy.

Strategic partnerships and integrations

VMware has forged strategic partnerships with leading hyperscalers to enable seamless deployments, allowing customers to extend on-premises VMware environments into public without refactoring applications. These alliances focus on collaborative integrations rather than ownership, providing operational consistency across environments. A cornerstone of these efforts is the VMware Cloud on AWS, launched in 2017 (though AWS ceased reselling new instances in 2024), which integrates VMware's (SDDC) stack directly on AWS infrastructure for managed private clouds. Similarly, the VMware Solution, generally available since September 2020, delivers VMware Cloud Foundation on dedicated Azure bare-metal hosts, supporting vSphere, vSAN, and NSX for workloads. In 2023, VMware expanded its partnership with Google Cloud through VMware Engine, offering on-demand capacity and full consistency with on-premises setups, with further adjustments including AlloyDB Omni integration announced at VMware Explore 2023. On the hardware front, VMware collaborates with vendors for infrastructure solutions. Dell's Cloud Platform for VMware, introduced in 2023, combines Dell's as-a-service model with VMware tools to deliver multicloud capabilities, including private and services built on familiar . Likewise, HPE GreenLake for VMware Cloud Foundation, launched in 2023, provides an integrated on-premises service with VMware's SDDC platform on HPE hardware, emphasizing operational efficiency and control. In 2025, VMware refined its partner ecosystem amid 's ownership, significantly reducing the VMware Cloud Service Provider (VCSP) program to an invitation-only model starting November 1, focusing on fewer, high-value partners to streamline operations. Additionally, starting 2025, new deployments on VMware Solution and Cloud VMware Engine require bring-your-own-license (BYOL) for VMware Cloud Foundation from . Concurrently, VMware deepened its collaboration with , integrating 's Blackwell GPUs and Enterprise software into VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) 9.0 to accelerate private deployments, announced at VMware Explore 2025. VMware also contributes to open source communities to enhance ecosystem interoperability. Through Tanzu, VMware supports by providing upstream-conformant distributions certified by the (CNCF), including direct engineering contributions to improve reliability and scalability. Notable efforts include handing over the Kubernetes ingress project to CNCF governance and integrating CNCF tools like Backstage into Tanzu for developer portals. These partnerships have broadened VMware's access, enabling integrations with the three major hyperscalers—AWS, , and Google Cloud—that collectively represent about two-thirds of the public cloud infrastructure as of 2025, allowing VMware to serve diverse workloads without direct cloud ownership.

Legal issues and incidents

Major litigation

VMware has been involved in several significant disputes, particularly in the early 2000s as technology gained prominence. In , VMware filed a lawsuit against and Corporation in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of , alleging that 's and Connectix's products infringed on VMware's patents related to monitor technology for x86 . The case, which highlighted early tensions in the , was terminated in 2005 following a , though the terms were not publicly disclosed. Antitrust scrutiny has also played a key role in VMware's legal history, especially surrounding its product offerings and acquisitions. The European Commission launched an in-depth investigation in December 2022 into Broadcom's proposed acquisition of VMware, focusing on potential anticompetitive effects from bundling VMware's virtualization software, including vSphere and vSAN, with Broadcom's hardware and other services. Concerns included reduced competition in cloud infrastructure markets and possible foreclosure of rivals through integrated product platforms. The probe, which built on preliminary reviews starting in 2022, concluded in July 2023 with approval subject to commitments from Broadcom to maintain fair licensing and avoid restrictive bundling practices for five years. In the realm of shareholder litigation, VMware faced lawsuits in 2023 alleging related to disclosures about the acquisition. Investors claimed that VMware and its executives made misleading statements about the deal's terms and financial impacts, artificially inflating stock prices before the merger closed in November 2023. The case, filed in the U.S. District for the Northern District of , was resolved in October 2024 with a $102.5 million approved by the , providing recovery to affected shareholders without admission of liability. Other notable intellectual property cases include patent disputes with smaller software firms. In a long-running battle, Cirba Inc. (d/b/a Densify), a cloud optimization company, sued VMware in 2018 for infringing patents on in virtual environments (Cirba IP, Inc. d/b/a Densify v. VMware, Inc., filed April 2019). A Delaware federal jury awarded $235 million in damages in 2020, but the verdict was vacated; a retrial in May 2023 resulted in an $84.5 million award for willful infringement by VMware's vRealize Operations software. The parties settled the case in May 2024 for an undisclosed amount. As of 2025, VMware continues to face ongoing patent litigation, particularly from innovative startups challenging its virtualization portfolio following Broadcom's acquisition and subsequent product rationalization. Additionally, in December 2024, Netflix Inc. filed a countersuit against VMware in California federal court, accusing its vSphere platform of infringing five patents related to virtual machine operations and cloud efficiency, escalating a broader dispute initiated by Broadcom; the case remains active into 2025.

Security breaches and vulnerabilities

In December 2021, VMware's was impacted by the critical vulnerability (CVE-2021-44228) in the Apache Log4j library, which allowed remote code execution through malicious log messages. This flaw affected versions 7.0.x, 6.7.x, and 6.5.x, exposing numerous deployments to potential exploitation by unauthenticated attackers. VMware responded swiftly by issuing workarounds on December 11, 2021, and full patches shortly thereafter, mitigating the risk across affected products. In February 2023, the ESXiArgs ransomware campaign targeted unpatched servers, exploiting a two-year-old remote execution (CVE-2021-21974) to encrypt virtual machine configuration files and render environments inoperable. The attacks impacted over 3,800 organizations worldwide, with more than 18,500 servers remaining vulnerable at the time due to delayed patching. VMware advised immediate application of the existing patch for CVE-2021-21974 and recommended to limit exposure. In , a significant incident involved the exploitation of CVE-2024-37085, an relay in VMware ESXi's integration, which enabled operators to gain administrative access and perform mass across virtualized environments. This flaw, addressed in Broadcom's 2024 advisory, was actively exploited as a zero-day, prompting Broadcom to extend patch access to all customers, including those with expired support, and enhance update mechanisms with improved to bolster integrity. Throughout 2025, a zero-day vulnerability in VMware Aria Operations and VMware Tools was exploited by state-sponsored actors such as the China-linked UNC5174 group, allowing local privilege escalation and potential lateral movement in virtual infrastructures. Specifically, CVE-2025-41244 (CVSS score 7.8) was weaponized since mid-October 2024, with patches released on September 29, 2025, via security advisory VMSA-2025-0016, including mitigations for affected components. These updates emphasized hardened authentication and monitoring features to prevent similar state actor intrusions. In response to escalating threats, VMware expanded its vulnerability disclosure program under Broadcom, encouraging coordinated reporting through platforms like HackerOne, while issuing approximately 200 vulnerability disclosures annually across its portfolio to maintain transparency and rapid remediation.

Regulatory challenges

VMware has faced several regulatory challenges related to antitrust reviews, data privacy compliance, export restrictions, and adherence to industry standards, particularly following its acquisition by Broadcom in 2023. The $69 billion acquisition underwent extensive international scrutiny to address competition concerns in cloud computing and virtualization markets. In the United States, the deal received clearance from the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS), which evaluates national security implications of foreign investments, as part of the broader regulatory approvals required for completion. In the European Union, the European Commission granted conditional approval on July 12, 2023, after a Phase II investigation, imposing remedies to ensure fair access to VMware's software for competitors and prevent anti-competitive bundling practices. China's State Administration for Market Regulation provided conditional approval on November 21, 2023, following delays linked to U.S. chip export restrictions, allowing the transaction to close shortly thereafter. In July 2025, the Infrastructure and Services Providers in Europe (CISPE) and other cloud providers challenged the European Commission's approval of the Broadcom-VMware merger in the General Court, arguing that the remedies were insufficient to address anticompetitive effects in the cloud market; the case remains ongoing as of November 2025. Regarding privacy, VMware has navigated compliance with the European Union's (GDPR), which took effect on May 25, 2018, by implementing a holistic strategy encompassing , employee training, and technical measures across its operations and centers. This approach, including certifications for cloud services aligned with GDPR requirements, enabled VMware to process of residents without incurring fines during the regulation's initial enforcement period, unlike several high-profile cases that resulted in penalties exceeding hundreds of millions of euros. In 2025, as the Act enters phased enforcement (with general obligations applying from August 2026), VMware's emerging services, such as those integrated into VMware , are subject to ongoing compliance assessments to align with both GDPR protection principles and the Act's risk-based framework for high-risk systems, including audits for and in model deployment. Post-2022 U.S. rules have imposed restrictions on VMware's technology sales to certain countries, particularly those deemed risks like and , under the (BIS) regulations aimed at limiting access to advanced and semiconductor-related items. VMware maintains a product classification list to ensure compliance with the (EAR), requiring licenses for exports of software and solutions that could support restricted activities, such as high-performance in prohibited destinations. These measures, expanded in October 2022 and further in 2023, have necessitated VMware to screen transactions and adapt sales strategies to avoid violations, though the impact on its core software offerings remains more procedural than prohibitive compared to hardware-focused restrictions. In 2025, overhauled VMware's partner ecosystem, reducing resellers from thousands to an invitation-only model of around 300 authorized partners effective October 31, 2025, under the new Broadcom Advantage Partner Program, to streamline focus on high-value partnerships. VMware actively participates in developing international standards for virtualization through bodies like the (ISO), contributing to frameworks that promote and security in cloud environments. Its products hold multiple ISO certifications, including ISO/IEC 27001:2022 for in cloud services, reflecting ongoing alignment with global best practices. Additionally, in 2025, VMware integrated (PQC) into offerings like the Avi Load Balancer and VMware Cloud Foundation, adopting NIST-standardized algorithms such as and to future-proof encryption against quantum threats, in line with U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) guidelines for cryptographic migration.

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