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AGT

(AGT) is an American reality television series featuring a talent competition where performers from diverse fields such as singing, dancing, comedy, and novelty acts vie for a $1 million prize through auditions, judge evaluations, and audience voting. Created by as part of the international franchise, the show premiered on on June 21, 2006, and has aired annually since, reaching its 20th season in 2025. The format emphasizes two-minute performances judged by a rotating panel of celebrities—currently including , , , and Sofia Vergara—alongside a host, with in the role since 2019—while public telephone and online votes determine advancement in live rounds. Notable winners, such as ventriloquist in season 2, have leveraged victories for recording contracts and residencies, highlighting the show's role in launching entertainment careers despite its commercial structure prioritizing spectacle over sustained artistic development. The series has expanded with spin-offs like AGT: , aggregating international acts, and maintains high production values through Fremantle and , though viewership has declined in recent years amid broader shifts in media consumption. Criticisms have centered on repetitive emotional narratives in contestant backstories and perceptions of predetermined outcomes, though of rigging remains anecdotal and unverified in peer-reviewed analyses.

Entertainment and Media

America's Got Talent

is a reality competition series created by as the flagship production of the international , which has expanded to 194 territories worldwide. The program premiered on on June 21, 2006, featuring performers of all ages and talents—from singers and dancers to comedians, magicians, and novelty acts—auditioning before a panel of judges, with public voting advancing contestants through live shows. The winner receives a $1 million prize, structured as a financial of $25,000 annually over 40 years before taxes, or a discounted lump-sum equivalent. The format emphasizes diverse acts without genre restrictions, incorporating judge critiques via buzzers to eliminate performers and, since season 9 in 2014, a "Golden Buzzer" allowing each and to send one act directly to live rounds once per season. Early seasons hosted by featured judges , , and , who evaluated auditions in a carnival-like atmosphere. The panel evolved with additions like and , and joined full-time in season 11 (2016); as of season 20 in 2025, judges include Cowell, Mandel, , and Sofia Vergara, with hosting since 2019 after Nick Cannon's long tenure. By its 20th season concluding in September 2025, the series had crowned winners including 11-year-old singer in season 1 and returning contestant , a season 1 semifinalist and runner-up, who won the $1 million prize. AGT has maintained strong summer viewership, with the season 12 finale in attracting 15.6 million viewers and a 3.0 in the 18-49 demographic, though later seasons like 2019 saw around 10 million for finales amid broader cable declines. The show's success has influenced reality TV by prioritizing spectacle and accessibility, generating spin-offs like AGT: and sustaining 's Tuesday dominance in key demos.

Australia's Got Talent

Australia's Got Talent is an Australian reality competition series in which performers of various skills, including , dancing, , and , audition before a panel of judges and a live audience for a chance to win a cash prize. The format follows the international franchise, where judges can eliminate acts mid-performance using buzzers, and advancing contestants proceed to live semi-finals and finals determined by public and online voting. Initially offering a $250,000 top prize, later seasons reduced it to $100,000, with winners also gaining exposure for professional careers. The show premiered on the Seven Network on 18 February 2007, hosted by , and ran for seven seasons until 2012, featuring rotating judges such as , , and . It briefly moved to the for a 2016 edition before Seven revived it in 2019, with seasons airing in 2019, 2022, and a planned 2021 installment postponed indefinitely due to Sydney's that halted production after initial filming setup. The revival under Seven emphasized live-audience performances and introduced international judges in some cycles, though the series concluded after the 2022 season without further renewals announced. Judges and hosts evolved across runs, reflecting network shifts and talent trends; early panels included entertainment figures like Minogue for vocal critiques and Sandilands for controversial commentary, while later lineups featured comedian and singer as host for seasons 9 and 10. Notable acts included young singer , who won the 2011 season at age 14 with ballad performances that propelled his career, and dance crew , 2010 victors known for high-energy routines. Other standout moments featured contortionists like Canadian Troy James in 2019, whose eerie elastic performances divided judges but advanced via votes, and magicians such as Michael Webb, whose emotional illusions moved panels to tears.
SeasonYearNetworkWinnerPrize
12007SevenNot widely documented in primary sources; early opera and variety acts competed$250,000
42010Seven (dance group)$250,000
52011Seven (singer)$250,000
92019SevenFletcher Pilon (impressionist)$100,000
102022SevenWinner announced via live finale; focused on diverse acts like vocalists and magicians$100,000
The series contributed to launching careers, such as Vidgen's international tours post-win, but faced for volatility and predictability common to adaptations. No peer-reviewed analyses exist on its cultural impact, though viewership from Seven indicated strong ratings during revivals amid competitive reality TV landscape.

Adventure Game Toolkit

The Toolkit (AGT) is a development system for authoring text-based games, enabling users to define game worlds, objects, commands, and logic through a structured database . Originally built for , it uses a Pascal-based backend where creators input via text files resembling plain-English syntax, compiling into game files without requiring traditional programming . AGT originated from the Generic Adventure Game System (GAGS), a tool designed by Mark J. Welch in 1985 to facilitate text creation on computers, inspired by early titles like and games. David R. Malmberg extended and renamed it AGT in 1987, adding enhancements such as broader platform support for Atari ST, , Macintosh, and eventually Windows by 1992. The final commercial version, 1.7 Master's Edition, incorporated basic graphics and sound capabilities and was distributed by until 1992, after which it became in 1993, including source code. Key features include support for rooms, items, actors, scoring systems, and conditional events, with documentation providing examples for non-programmers; however, it enforces structures typical of 1970s-1980s adventures, such as mandatory scoring and limited logic constructs lacking explicit ELSE clauses or flexible conditionals. Community extensions like AGTBIG for expanded data limits, AGT Editor for interface improvements, and tools such as AGTAid and AGTLint emerged to address constraints. Approximately 150 games were produced using AGT, fostering its popularity in the U.S. during the late and , including an annual launched in 1988 that predated the broader Competition. AGT's influence lies in being the first widely adopted authoring tool for non-programmers in the United States, lowering barriers for hobbyists despite criticisms of its dated design and compilation requirements tied to environments. Modern playback is possible via interpreters like , which run on contemporary operating systems, and rare new entries, such as two in the 2023 Interactive Fiction Competition, demonstrate lingering interest, though technical hurdles and a reputation for lower-quality output persist. Source code for select recent AGT games remains available on platforms like .

Biology and Medicine

Angiotensinogen (AGT gene)

The AGT gene encodes angiotensinogen, a that serves as the precursor protein for the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which regulates , fluid balance, and through sequential proteolytic cleavage into peptides such as angiotensin I and II. Located on the long arm of at position 1q42.2, the gene spans approximately 12 kb and consists of five exons and four introns, producing a mature protein of 452 following removal of a 33-amino-acid . Angiotensinogen is primarily synthesized in the liver, where it constitutes about 5% of alpha-globulins, but expression also occurs in extrahepatic tissues including adipose, , heart, brain, and adrenal glands, with levels influenced by physiological states such as and . Transcriptional regulation involves promoter elements responsive to hormones like s (which upregulate expression via estrogen response elements) and glucocorticoids, as well as factors such as upstream stimulatory factor 1 (USF1) binding to polymorphic sites near the transcription start site. In humans, angiotensinogen concentrations are typically maintained near the Km for renin cleavage, ensuring rate-limiting substrate availability for angiotensin II production, which exerts vasoconstrictive and aldosterone-stimulating effects. Common polymorphisms in the AGT gene include the missense variant M235T (rs699, c.704C>T in exon 2), which substitutes for at position 235 and correlates with elevated angiotensinogen levels (up to 20% higher for the T allele) and increased risk of , particularly in populations with high T-allele frequency such as Caucasians and Asians. Promoter variants like -6G>A (rs10922607) and -217G>A further modulate basal expression, with the -6A allele linked to higher transcription rates and inclusion in pro-hypertensive haplotypes (e.g., Hap-I: -217A, -6A, +507G, +1164A). These genetic variations contribute to inter-individual differences in RAAS activity, associating with conditions beyond hypertension, including (via elevated angiotensinogen in ), diabetic , and cardiovascular diseases, though effect sizes vary by ethnicity and require interaction with environmental factors like salt intake. Rare pathogenic mutations, such as splice-site variant c.856+1G>T, cause recessive renal tubular dysgenesis by abolishing angiotensinogen function, leading to severe fetal malformation and perinatal lethality. Genome-wide association studies confirm AGT's causal role in regulation, with supporting polymorphisms' influence independent of confounding biases in observational data.

Alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase

Alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT), also known as alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase, is a peroxisomal primarily expressed in the liver that catalyzes the of glyoxylate to using as the amino donor, thereby detoxifying glyoxylate and preventing its conversion to . This reaction occurs in peroxisomes and is pyridoxal 5'-phosphate ()-dependent, with AGT also exhibiting serine-pyruvate aminotransferase activity. The functions as a homodimer with a of approximately 86 and plays a critical role in , where deficiency leads to accumulation of glyoxylate and subsequent overproduction. The AGXT gene, located on chromosome 2q37.3, encodes AGT and spans about 10 with 11 exons, producing a 392-amino-acid precursor protein that is targeted to peroxisomes via a C-terminal serine-lysine-leucine (SKL) motif. Expression is liver-specific, with the protein comprising up to 1-2% of peroxisomal matrix proteins in hepatocytes. Polymorphisms in AGXT include the minor allele (prevalent in about 20% of Europeans), which features variants like p.Pro11Leu and p.Ile244Met that influence enzyme folding, mistargeting to mitochondria, and responsiveness. Structurally, AGT folds into a PLP-binding domain typical of fold-type I aminotransferases, with structures revealing a dimer interface critical for stability; mutations here, such as those disrupting subunit interactions, impair activity and correlate with disease phenotypes. The enzyme's peroxisomal import requires the SKL signal and factors like PEX5, with defects in targeting contributing to independent of catalytic inactivity. Deficiency of AGT causes primary type 1 (PH1), an autosomal recessive accounting for about 80% of primary hyperoxalurias, characterized by hepatic overproduction leading to , recurrent urolithiasis, and progressive renal failure. Over 65 mutations in AGXT have been identified, with missense variants comprising ~50%; common ones include p.Gly170Arg (c.510G>A), which abolishes activity, and p.Ile244Thr, often compounded by the minor reducing responsiveness. Symptoms typically manifest in infancy or childhood with , flank pain, and , progressing to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) by adolescence in severe cases; systemic oxalosis affects bones, heart, and in advanced stages. Diagnosis involves urinary/plasma oxalate elevation, genetic testing for AGXT variants, and liver biopsy for enzyme activity, which is reduced to <10% in PH1. Treatments include high fluid intake, potassium citrate to inhibit stone formation, and pyridoxine supplementation (5-10 mg/kg/day), which stabilizes responsive mutations (e.g., G170R) in ~30% of patients by enhancing residual activity. For non-responders, RNA interference therapies like lumasiran (subcutaneous, monthly then quarterly) reduce hepatic oxalate production by targeting glycolate oxidase, approved in 2020 and showing >65% oxalate lowering in trials. Combined liver-kidney transplantation corrects the metabolic defect and restores renal function, with success rates >80% in pediatric cohorts, though isolated kidney transplant often fails due to recurrent oxalate deposition. Emerging approaches include and small-molecule chaperones to improve folding.

Transportation and Technology

Automated guideway transit

(AGT) encompasses driverless transit vehicles operating under computer control on dedicated fixed guideways, distinguishing it from conventional by its and typically smaller scale for intra-urban or . These systems prioritize short-haul routes with capacities varying from shuttle loops serving dozens of passengers per vehicle to higher-volume configurations, often elevated to avoid street-level conflicts. AGT emerged as a response to urban congestion in the mid-20th century, with U.S. federal research accelerating in the 1970s through programs like the Urban Mass Transportation Administration's initiatives to prototype automated technologies for reliable, low-labor operations. Key subtypes include shuttle-loop transit (SLT), which uses simple bidirectional vehicles on short loops; automated people movers (APM), optimized for airports and terminals with frequent stops; and (PRT), featuring on-demand, point-to-point service with smaller pods for individualized travel. Propulsion typically relies on electric motors with linear or rotary drives, while control systems integrate sensors, communication networks, and centralized computers for collision avoidance, scheduling, and fault detection. Guideways are engineered for precision, often using or structures with embedded power rails or inductive loops for vehicle guidance, enabling speeds up to 40-60 km/h in operational deployments. Early implementations, such as the 2.9-mile Downtown loop commissioned in 1987, demonstrated feasibility but highlighted challenges like initial reliability shortfalls requiring manual overrides, with system uptime targeted at over 99% through redundant fail-safes. Other examples include airport connectors like those at and urban circulators in , where AGT supplemented bus networks for fixed downtown routes. Safety protocols emphasize , automatic protection, and designs compliant with standards like IEEE 16 for electronic controls on apparatus, which mandate testing for and . AGT offers advantages in labor savings—eliminating drivers reduces operational costs by 20-30% compared to manned systems—and enhanced schedule adherence via precise , though high initial expenses, often exceeding $50 million per mile for elevated guideways, limit scalability. Reliability improvements since the 1980s, including advanced diagnostics and modular designs, have boosted to levels surpassing traditional buses in mature networks, yet vulnerabilities to cyber threats and single-point guideway failures persist, necessitating ongoing investments in resilient controls. Standards from bodies like the (APTA) further guide capacity planning, defining AGT within grade-separated rail categories with minima of 15-30 seconds for high-density applications. Despite these, adoption has remained niche, with fewer than 50 major U.S. systems operational as of 2020, constrained by competition from costlier but higher-capacity .

Anode gate thyristors

An (AGT) is a four-layer with a p-n-p-n structure, featuring a connected to the n-type layer adjacent to the , distinguishing it from conventional cathode- thyristors like silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCRs). This configuration enables the to be driven relative to the potential, facilitating in circuits where the anode is at a higher reference voltage. In operation, the AGT remains off until a positive is applied while the is forward-biased relative to the , injecting carriers that trigger regenerative conduction through the p-n-p-n layers; once latched, it conducts until the falls below the holding threshold. The - placement reduces sensitivity to -referenced and allows with SCRs on a shared mounting plane for bidirectional switching, where the AGT handles reverse-polarity conduction under control, unlike passive diodes used in some AC bridges. Compared to cathode-gate thyristors, AGTs exhibit higher triggering in anode-referenced setups but may require larger gate currents for reliable due to the gate's proximity to the anode's high-field region; they also provide inherent reverse voltage blocking without additional components in certain topologies. This makes AGTs suitable for high-current switching applications, such as phase-controlled motor drives and power regulators, where precise control over both half-cycles is needed. Silicon carbide (SiC)-based AGTs extend these capabilities to high-voltage, high-frequency environments, achieving turn-off times under 1 μs and blocking voltages exceeding 10 kV, as demonstrated in emitter turn-off (ETO) circuits for systems. Such devices leverage SiC's wide bandgap for lower losses and higher thermal stability compared to silicon counterparts, targeting niche uses in generators and inverters.

Organizations and Government

Alberta Government Telephones

Alberta Government Telephones (AGT) operated as a providing telephone and telecommunications services across most of from 1906 until its in 1990. Established by provincial statute, AGT represented Canada's first government-owned telephone utility, formed to consolidate and expand services previously handled by private operators. The initiative stemmed from the need for reliable in a rapidly settling prairie province, where private companies had limited reach beyond urban centers like and . Operations commenced in 1906 after the Alberta government acquired assets from incumbent providers, enabling statewide expansion under public control. By the mid-20th century, AGT managed a network serving rural and urban subscribers, including the introduction of automated in select areas during the 1960s. In 1958, the Alberta Government Telephones Commission was created via Chapter 85 of the Statutes of to oversee assets and operations, reflecting ongoing governmental involvement in utility management. The utility's status was regulated by the Alberta Public Utilities Board, which balanced service obligations with financial viability amid technological shifts like and early data transmission. Privatization occurred in October 1990 under Premier Don Getty's Progressive Conservative administration, marking Canada's largest initial public stock offering to date and yielding proceeds that reduced provincial debt. The process involved transferring AGT's operations to a new entity, AGT Limited, which later merged into , ending direct government ownership. This shift aligned with broader neoliberal reforms emphasizing market competition over state monopolies, though AGT's infrastructure legacy persisted in Alberta's telecom landscape. Post-privatization evaluations noted improved efficiency but highlighted challenges in rural service continuity.

Association of Genetic Technologists

The Association of Genetic Technologists, Inc. (AGT) is a non-profit professional organization established in 1975 to promote cooperation and the exchange of information among genetic technologists in clinical and research settings. It focuses on professionals engaged in , , and biochemical genetics, providing resources to advance their expertise and the field overall. With approximately 1,500 members as of recent estimates, AGT operates as a national entity dedicated to enhancing professional standards in genetic technologies. The organization's mission is to deliver quality services to its members and the wider community, encompassing , , communication, and for the . AGT achieves this through structured programs such as workshops, which cover topics like digital cytogenetic workflows, molecular tools, and (FISH) troubleshooting. It also hosts annual meetings and collaborates on joint events with societies like the American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science (ASCLS) and the Society for Advanced Medical Laboratory Science (SAFMLS), as seen in the 2024 conference featuring networking and educational sessions. AGT publishes the Journal of the Association of Genetic Technologists, which began with volume 24 in 1998 and disseminates research and updates in genetic technologies. Membership, typically costing around $100 annually, offers access to these resources, discounted event registrations, e-newsletters, and opportunities for professional recognition, such as the S.T.A.R. program. The organization maintains a to oversee operations and is supported by industry partners for events and initiatives. Through these efforts, AGT contributes to the ongoing professionalization of genetic laboratory practices without affiliation to broader institutional biases observed in some academic or media genetics reporting.

Other Uses

Agent (abbreviation)

AGT serves as a standard for "agent," denoting an individual or empowered to represent or act for another party in legal, commercial, or operational capacities. This usage appears in dictionaries and professional glossaries, where an is defined as someone authorized to conduct transactions or make decisions on behalf of a principal. For instance, in and , "agt." identifies representatives handling negotiations, contracts, or property dealings. In shipping and , AGT specifically refers to an tasked with managing freight, clearance, or operations for shippers or carriers, often categorized into types such as brokers, merchants, or forwarders. This facilitates concise in manifests, bills of lading, and correspondence, ensuring clarity in international commerce where agents mitigate risks and coordinate . Historical and contemporary records consistently employ AGT to streamline references without ambiguity, underscoring its practical utility in high-volume transactional environments. While AGT can occasionally denote "" in contractual , its primary in isolated contexts remains with "," distinct from more specialized acronyms like those in or . This differentiation avoids conflation in , where in abbreviations is essential for verifiable communication.

Academically gifted and talented

Academically gifted and talented students are those who demonstrate exceptional abilities, consistently performing at levels significantly above their age peers in academic domains such as , language arts, or . Identification typically relies on standardized criteria, including IQ scores above 130 on tests like the , high achievement on out-of-level assessments, or superior performance in specific subjects measured by tools such as the (CogAT) with scaled scores of 128 or higher. Multiple measures are recommended, incorporating observations, input, and reviews to account for diverse manifestations of ability beyond test scores alone. Educational programs for these students often feature acceleration, enrichment, or pull-out classes tailored to their advanced needs, aiming to prevent underachievement and foster domain-specific expertise. In the United States, such provisions are supported by state mandates in over 40 jurisdictions, though implementation varies, with some districts using cluster grouping or curriculum compacting to differentiate instruction within regular classrooms. Empirical studies indicate these interventions yield measurable gains, including improved standardized test scores and increased enrollment in advanced coursework; for instance, participation in New York City's gifted programs has been linked to higher Advanced Placement exam taking and college readiness. Longitudinal research underscores sustained benefits, such as elevated rates of STEM degree attainment and career success, with gifted education participants showing 10-15% higher postsecondary persistence compared to high-achieving peers without such supports. However, identification processes can exhibit disparities, with underrepresentation of low-income and minority students attributed to socioeconomic factors influencing early access to preparatory experiences rather than innate ability differences, prompting calls for equitable screening reforms like universal testing. Despite debates over opportunity costs, rigorous evaluations affirm that targeted gifted programming enhances outcomes for qualifying students without broadly detracting from general education resources.

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