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Conakry

Conakry is the capital and largest city of Guinea, a West African nation, situated on the Atlantic coast at the end of a 35-kilometer-long peninsula known as the Kaloum Peninsula.^[1] The city originated as a French trading post in the late 19th century and expanded into the administrative center of the colony of French Guinea, a status it has maintained since the country's independence in 1958.^[2] As of 2023, Conakry's population is estimated at around 2.1 million, concentrating much of Guinea's urban population and serving as the political, cultural, and economic hub.^[3] The city's deepwater port facilitates the export of Guinea's vast bauxite reserves, which account for a significant portion of national revenue, though infrastructure limitations and reliance on raw mineral shipments constrain broader development.^[4]^[5] Despite its strategic coastal location and natural resources, Conakry grapples with challenges including rapid urbanization, inadequate sanitation, and vulnerability to coastal erosion exacerbated by deforestation and climate factors.^[1]

History

Founding and colonial period

Conakry was established in 1884 on Tombo Island by French settlers, utilizing the area's natural deep-water harbor to develop it as a trading post and chief port for the region originally inhabited by the Susu people.^[6] The settlement's name derives from a nearby Susu fishing village, and its strategic coastal location facilitated early colonial trade activities amid competition with British interests in neighboring Sierra Leone.^[6] By 1904, Conakry had become the administrative capital of French Guinea, a colony formalized in 1891 as part of French West Africa, with French planners imposing a grid layout featuring tree-lined boulevards to accommodate growing European presence and commerce.^[6] The redirection of wild rubber exports from Upper Guinea to Conakry starting in 1901, supported by colonial policies favoring expatriate merchants over local traders, solidified the city's role as the colony's primary commercial hub and export outlet, bypassing rival ports like Freetown.^[7] Infrastructure developments, including expansion to the Îles de Los and Kaloum Peninsula via causeways, prioritized resource extraction over local welfare, with the port serving as the terminus for the colony's sole railroad linking interior production areas to Atlantic shipping routes for commodities such as rubber and agricultural products.^[6] Throughout the colonial era, Conakry's growth remained tied to export-oriented economy, with port facilities and rail connections designed to expedite the flow of raw materials like rubber to metropolitan France, while administrative buildings and limited industrial districts on the Kaloum Peninsula supported governance and basic processing.^[6] By 1958, as Guinea approached independence, the city's population had reached approximately 50,000, reflecting steady but modest expansion driven by colonial administrative needs and trade.^[6]

Post-independence authoritarianism under Sékou Touré

Upon Guinea's declaration of independence on October 2, 1958, following its rejection of membership in the French Community during the September 28 referendum, President Ahmed Sékou Touré's administration confronted acute economic disruption as France abruptly terminated all financial aid, expelled approximately 20,000 technical experts and administrators, and systematically sabotaged infrastructure by removing equipment, documents, and even telephones from public buildings.^[8]^[9] This scorched-earth withdrawal, executed within weeks, isolated the nascent state from Western capital and expertise, compelling Touré to pivot toward Soviet and Eastern Bloc partnerships for loans and technical assistance while nationalizing foreign-owned enterprises, including those in Conakry's port and trade sectors.^[10]^[11] Touré's Marxist-oriented policies emphasized state-directed socialism, enforcing collectivization of agriculture and centralized planning that dismantled private farming incentives through fixed low prices and compulsory state procurement, yielding diminished crop outputs—such as rice, Guinea's staple—and recurrent shortages that peaked in events like the 1970 urban rice crisis, forcing reliance on imports amid Conakry's swelling population.^[12]^[13]^[14] Bauxite, Guinea's primary export and revenue source from the 1960s onward, generated funds funneled into food procurement rather than urban development, resulting in Conakry's infrastructural stagnation: deteriorating roads, unreliable electricity, and neglected housing despite the city's role as the bauxite trade hub.^[14]^[15] These misallocations stemmed from rigid ideological controls that prioritized political loyalty over efficient resource management, exacerbating black-market proliferation and inflation in the capital.^[16] Conakry served as the regime's nerve center, where Touré cultivated an intensifying cult of personality through PDG party congresses, mandatory ideological indoctrination, and public adulation rituals that portrayed him as the infallible revolutionary guide, sidelining tribal and religious affiliations in favor of state-centric devotion.^[17]^[18] This personalist governance intertwined with escalating repression, as Touré orchestrated recurrent "anti-revolutionary plots"—often fabricated—from the late 1950s, purging perceived rivals via arbitrary arrests and show trials coordinated from Conakry's People's Palace and security apparatus.^[19]^[20] The apex of authoritarian violence manifested in facilities like Camp Boiro, a Conakry-based concentration camp operational from 1960 to 1984, where detainees endured torture, starvation, and summary executions amid waves of purges targeting military officers, intellectuals, and ethnic groups like the Fulani; these operations, triggered by events such as the 1970 Portuguese-led invasion attempt, claimed an estimated 50,000 lives nationwide through direct killings and neglect-induced deaths.^[21]^[22]^[23] Such terror prompted mass exoduses, with tens of thousands fleeing Conakry and borders annually by the 1970s, draining skilled labor and perpetuating the capital's isolation from global norms.^[24]^[25] The interplay of economic autarky and coercive control thus entrenched Conakry as a symbol of Touré's defiant yet ruinous sovereignty until his death on March 26, 1984.^[26]

Multi-party era, coups, and military rule

Following the death of Ahmed Sékou Touré on March 26, 1984, Colonel Lansana Conté led a bloodless military coup on April 3, establishing the Military Committee for National Recovery and suspending the constitution while promising eventual multi-party democracy.^[27] Conté consolidated power over 24 years, amending the constitution in 1990 to allow multi-party elections, which he won in 1993, 1998, and 2003 amid widespread opposition allegations of ballot stuffing and voter intimidation.^[28] His regime featured elite capture of state institutions, with family members and allies dominating key positions, fostering a kleptocratic system where public office served personal enrichment rather than development.^[29] Despite booms in diamond and gold production—Guinea exported over 500,000 carats of diamonds annually by the early 2000s—GDP per capita remained stagnant at around $400–$500 from 1986 to 2008, reflecting rent-seeking priorities over infrastructure or productive investment.^[30] ^[31] Corruption permeated resource sectors, including illicit deals involving Conté's wives in mining concessions, which prioritized elite payoffs amid persistent poverty affecting over 60% of the population.^[32] Nationwide strikes and protests erupted in Conakry in January–February 2007 against fuel price hikes and economic hardship, met with violent crackdowns killing dozens, underscoring regime fragility as Conté's health declined.^[33] Conté's death on December 22, 2008, triggered another coup on December 23 by Captain Moussa Dadis Camara, who formed the National Council for Democracy and Development junta, pledging elections but dissolving institutions and sparking instability.^[34] Camara's rule ended after he was wounded in a December 2009 assassination attempt by aide Aboubacar "Toumba" Diakité; Vice President Sékouba Konaté assumed interim control, facilitating 2010 elections where Alpha Condé narrowly defeated Cellou Dalein Diallo with 52.5% of votes, though Diallo contested results citing fraud in rural strongholds.^[35] Condé's tenure saw constitutional referendums in 2016 and 2020 to evade term limits, enabling a disputed third-term bid; the October 2020 election, boycotted by major opposition amid stuffing claims, provoked deadly Conakry protests killing at least 30.^[36] ^[37] On September 5, 2021, Special Forces commander Mamady Doumbouya ousted Condé in a coup, detaining him and dissolving government bodies, justified by junta statements on constitutional abuses, corruption in mining revenues, and socioeconomic stagnation despite Guinea's bauxite and mineral wealth.^[38] Doumbouya's National Committee of Reconciliation and Development suspended media and political activity, marking the eighth coup since independence and highlighting patterns of elite fraud eroding civilian rule.^[39] Per capita GDP growth averaged just 1.1% annually from 1985 to 2010, with post-2010 gains offset by inequality and uninvested resource rents.^[21]

Recent political transitions and events (2021–2025)

On September 5, 2021, Colonel Mamady Doumbouya, leading the National Committee of the Rally for Development (CNRD), orchestrated a military coup in Conakry that ousted President Alpha Condé, dissolved the constitution, government, and parliament, and established a transitional military regime.^[40]^[41] Doumbouya, sworn in as interim president in October 2021, pledged to combat corruption, restore stability, and organize elections within two years to return to civilian rule, actions initially welcomed by some Guineans amid Condé's contested third term.^[42] The junta established the Court to Repress Economic and Financial Crimes (CRIEF) to prosecute embezzlement and graft cases, yet corruption remained pervasive across government levels, hindering investment approvals and economic governance as of 2025.^[43]^[44] The transitional timeline repeatedly stalled, with ECOWAS imposing sanctions in 2022 for delays but lifting them after a 2023 extension to mid-2025; by late 2024, Doumbouya's administration had not held promised elections, prompting opposition accusations of power consolidation.^[45] On September 21, 2025, a constitutional referendum in Guinea, including Conakry, approved a new charter with 89.38% support, replacing the 2020 constitution and potentially allowing Doumbouya to run for president in forthcoming elections while extending transitional terms.^[46]^[47] Opposition groups criticized the vote for irregularities and low turnout, estimated below 50% in urban areas like Conakry, arguing it undermined democratic restoration.^[48] Protests erupted in Conakry during September-October 2024 against the junta's election delays, met by security forces using lethal force; Human Rights Watch documented at least eight killings by security personnel, including three children, amid a broader crackdown on dissent that persisted into 2025.^[49] The military's refusal to lift a nationwide protest ban, coupled with internet restrictions during unrest, exacerbated tensions in the capital, where opposition rallies highlighted unfulfilled transition pledges.^[50] By October 2025, Doumbouya's regime announced plans for presidential elections in early 2026, but skepticism lingered over adherence given prior extensions and repressive measures.^[45]

Geography and environment

Location, topography, and urban layout

Conakry is positioned on the Atlantic coast of Guinea, encompassing Tombo Island and the extending Kaloum Peninsula. The city's central coordinates are approximately 9°31′N 13°42′W.^[51] The terrain consists of low-lying coastal landforms, with average elevations around 26 meters above sea level, rendering much of the area vulnerable to coastal influences.^[52] Tombo Island served as the initial settlement site, linked to the mainland by a short causeway that facilitates access to the deepwater harbor. From this nucleus, development has radiated along the narrow Kaloum Peninsula, which stretches approximately 36 kilometers into the Atlantic Ocean, creating an elongated urban footprint sandwiched between ocean waters and mangrove-lined interiors.^[53] ^[54] The urban layout features a compact central business district in the Kaloum commune, characterized by administrative and commercial concentrations, in contrast to the more sprawling suburban extensions in areas like Ratoma to the north. Empirical land-use analyses indicate progressive outward growth, with the built-up urban area expanding from 63 km² in 1986 to 124 km² by 2000 and reaching 207 km² in 2014, reflecting densification along coastal strips and peripheral sprawl driven by infrastructure and settlement pressures.^[55] ^[56]

Climate and seasonal patterns

Conakry experiences a tropical monsoon climate classified as Köppen Am, marked by consistently warm temperatures and a pronounced wet season driven by the Intertropical Convergence Zone.^[57] Annual mean temperatures average 26.3°C, with daytime highs typically ranging between 28°C and 32°C year-round and nighttime lows seldom falling below 22°C, reflecting minimal seasonal variation in solar insolation near the equator.^[58] Relative humidity remains high, often exceeding 80%, contributing to a persistently muggy atmosphere.^[59] The rainy season extends from mid-May to mid-October, delivering over 80% of the city's annual precipitation, which totals more than 4,000 mm based on long-term records from 1961–1990.^[60] ^[61] Peak monthly rainfall occurs in July and August, frequently surpassing 1,000 mm per month with near-daily downpours, while shorter breaks or "little dry seasons" may interrupt in late June or September.^[62] The preceding dry season, from November to April, sees scant rainfall under 50 mm monthly, dominated by northeasterly Harmattan winds originating from the Sahara, which transport fine dust particles and lower humidity to around 60–70%.^[60] Meteorological station data and satellite observations reveal variability in seasonal onset and intensity, with recent decades showing occasional extensions of rainy periods or intensified events linked to broader West African monsoon shifts.^[63] These patterns have contributed to heightened flood risks during peak rains, as evidenced by increased extreme precipitation frequencies in urban coastal records, though annual totals exhibit no strong monotonic trend toward drying or wetting.^[64]

Environmental degradation and natural hazards

Conakry experiences significant environmental degradation driven by rapid, unregulated urbanization and resource extraction activities, which have accelerated deforestation and loss of protective mangrove ecosystems. Forests within the city, once providing green buffers, are rapidly disappearing due to uncontrolled urban expansion, with satellite imagery and ground reports indicating substantial encroachment on wooded areas since the early 2010s.^[65] Mangroves in nearby bays, such as Sonfonia and Sangareyah adjacent to Conakry, face degradation from habitat destruction, overexploitation for firewood and construction, and marine erosion, contributing to the loss of approximately 20-35% of global mangrove extent over the past half-century, with Guinea's 2,700 km² of mangroves in varying states of decline.^[66]^[67]^[68] This loss stems from weak enforcement of land-use regulations under successive governments, allowing informal settlements and port infrastructure to encroach without environmental impact assessments, thereby exacerbating soil instability and coastal vulnerability.^[69] Pollution in Conakry arises primarily from bauxite ore handling at the port and inadequate waste management systems, with dust emissions and wastewater discharges contaminating air and water bodies. The port's expansion for bauxite exports, Guinea's primary mineral resource shipped through Conakry, generates particulate matter and effluents that affect marine ecosystems, while the city's reliance on onsite sanitation—lacking centralized sewerage—results in untreated sewage infiltrating groundwater and coastal waters, elevating risks of waterborne diseases.^[70]^[71] Governance failures, including corruption in resource oversight, have hindered mitigation, as evidenced by stalled aid-funded sanitation initiatives where funds were diverted, perpetuating open dumping and untreated discharges that foster disease vectors like cholera outbreaks linked to poor sanitation.^[72] Natural hazards, particularly seasonal flooding, are intensified by these degradations, with heavy rains causing annual inundations that displace thousands and destroy infrastructure. In August 2023, floods in Conakry affected 8,491 people and displaced 3,396, while nationwide events from June to August 2025 displaced over 5,000 and caused 59 deaths, with urban runoff from deforested hillsides and eroded coastlines channeling water into low-lying areas.^[73]^[74] Mangrove loss reduces natural flood barriers, and port dredging contributes to siltation, amplifying erosion rates; these hazards reflect causal chains from policy neglect rather than isolated weather events, as mangrove restoration efforts, often internationally funded, have underperformed due to local mismanagement and corruption siphoning resources.^[68]^[75]

Demographics

Population size, growth, and density

As of 2024, the metropolitan area population of Conakry is estimated at 2,179,000, reflecting rapid urbanization in Guinea's capital region.^[76] This figure encompasses the urban agglomeration spanning approximately 300 square kilometers of the Conakry Special Zone, with the city proper often cited in national statistics at around 1.9 million based on extrapolations from the 2014 census of 1,660,973 adjusted for subsequent growth.^[77] Independent urban analyses place the broader agglomeration closer to 3 million, accounting for peripheral settlements integrated into the daily economic orbit.^[78] The city's population has expanded at an annual growth rate of approximately 3.3% in recent years, driven primarily by net rural-to-urban migration amid limited economic opportunities outside the capital and high national fertility rates contributing to natural increase.^[79] This rate exceeds the national average of 2.8%, amplifying pressures from internal displacement due to regional instability and agricultural challenges in Guinea's interior provinces.^[80] Historical data indicate a surge from under 600,000 in 1980 to over 2 million today, underscoring Conakry's role as the dominant urban magnet in a country where more than half of the urban populace resides within its boundaries.^[81] Population density in Conakry averages 7,410 inhabitants per square kilometer across the urban core, with central districts and informal settlements exhibiting significantly higher concentrations that strain infrastructure capacity.^[81] This density, far above Guinea's national average of 61 per square kilometer, manifests in overcrowded housing, inadequate sanitation, and vulnerability to flooding in low-lying areas, as evidenced by recurrent urban health crises.^[77] Without interventions in housing policy or rural development, projections forecast the urban population reaching 2.7 million by 2030, potentially exacerbating these densities to levels approaching 9,000 per square kilometer if sprawl remains unchecked.^[3] Alternative estimates from urban demographers suggest even higher figures, up to 3.5 million in the agglomeration, highlighting uncertainties in boundary definitions but consensus on unchecked expansion absent governance reforms.^[82] Conakry's population comprises a diverse array of Guinea's ethnic groups, reflecting national demographics with the Fulani (Peul) forming the largest segment at approximately 40%, followed by the Malinké at 30% and the Susu at 20%, alongside smaller groups such as the Kissi, Kpelle, and Loma making up the remainder.^[83] As the capital in the coastal Maritime Guinea region, traditionally Susu-dominated, the city attracts internal migrants from highland and forest areas, enhancing its ethnic heterogeneity compared to rural zones, though precise urban breakdowns remain limited in census data.^[84] Ethnic affiliations often underpin social networks, with clan and kinship ties—particularly patrilineal among Fulani and Malinké—shaping access to resources, employment, and political patronage in urban settings. French serves as the official language, functioning as the primary medium for administration, education, and formal commerce in Conakry, though its use is largely confined to literate elites and official contexts.^[85] In daily life, indigenous languages predominate: Susu as the local vernacular in the city and surrounding areas, supplemented by Pular (Fulani) and Maninka (Malinké) due to migrant communities, with over 24 national languages spoken overall but these three accounting for most informal communication.^[86] Multilingualism is commonplace, facilitating trade and social interactions, yet linguistic divides can reinforce ethnic boundaries in neighborhoods and markets. Traditional social structures, rooted in tribal hierarchies with nobles, chiefs, and artisan castes (e.g., Dyula traders among Malinké), persist amid urbanization, influencing business alliances and dispute resolution through kinship mediation rather than formal courts.^[87] Clan-based loyalties extend to politics, where ethnic mobilization—evident in support for leaders like Peul-affiliated Cellou Dalein Diallo or Malinké-aligned Alpha Condé—has fueled tensions, including post-electoral violence in 2010 and 2020 that highlighted inter-group rivalries without widespread clan warfare.^[88] Urban migration has eroded rigid structures, promoting interethnic intermarriage, which is common across Guinea and viewed as a resilience factor, though specific Conakry rates are undocumented; national patterns suggest mixed ancestry in many families, reducing but not eliminating tribal endogamy preferences.^[89]^[90]

Urban migration, slums, and demographic pressures

Rural-to-urban migration to Conakry has been driven primarily by chronic rural poverty, inadequate agricultural productivity, and the pull of perceived economic opportunities in the capital's mining, port, and informal sectors, resulting in rapid but unmanaged population inflows. Between 2014 and 2023, Guinea's urban population expanded at an average annual rate of about 3.5%, with Conakry absorbing the majority of this growth through both net migration and natural increase, exacerbating spatial imbalances from neglected rural infrastructure and policies that failed to stem agrarian decline.^[91]^[92]^[93] This migration has fueled the expansion of informal settlements, where inadequate urban planning has permitted uncontrolled peripheral sprawl, leading to substandard housing and vulnerability to flooding in low-lying areas like those near Gbessia. In Conakry, organic urban growth has concentrated migrants in densely packed, unplanned neighborhoods lacking secure tenure, with basic services often absent or unreliable, perpetuating cycles of poverty despite initial draws from resource extraction jobs.^[55]^[94]^[93] Demographic pressures compound these issues through Guinea's pronounced youth bulge, where individuals aged 15-24 constitute a significant share of the population—around 20% nationally, with a median age of 19—intensifying competition for scarce formal employment and contributing to elevated youth unemployment rates exceeding 10% in urban areas. This cohort, often migrating from rural zones, faces mismatched skills and limited job creation, heightening risks of social disorder, petty crime, and instability in overcrowded slums.^[95]^[91] Housing deficits underscore the strain, with national surveys indicating that approximately 68.5% of households lacked permanent-wall structures as of 2012, a figure likely higher in Conakry due to concentrated inflows, overwhelming water, sanitation, and electricity provision amid an estimated citywide shortage of over 500,000 units. These pressures trap migrants in low-quality informal dwellings, where service gaps—such as intermittent power and contaminated water—amplify health risks and economic stagnation.^[96]^[97]^[93]

Government and politics

Administrative organization and local governance

Conakry functions as a special administrative region within Guinea's prefectural system, headed by a governor appointed by the president to oversee coordination with central authorities. This structure underscores centralized control, where regional decisions on major infrastructure and security align closely with national priorities, constraining independent local policy formulation. The region encompasses approximately 300 square kilometers and serves as the political and economic hub, with administrative functions decentralized to lower levels only to the extent permitted by law.^[98] The city is subdivided into five urban communes—Kaloum, Dixinn, Matam, Ratoma, and Matoto—each managing localized affairs such as sanitation, markets, and minor roads under the oversight of the regional governorate. Commune-level governance operates through municipal councils elected by residents, with mayors selected from council members; the most recent communal elections occurred in February 2018, establishing leadership terms amid delays from prior instability. However, central government veto power over communal budgets and appointments limits autonomy, as prefectural representatives enforce national directives on land use and public order.^[81]^[99] Local finances rely predominantly on transfers from the national budget, which constituted significant portions of municipal funding in recent years, such as allocations supporting post-Ebola recovery and infrastructure in 2015–2020. Own-revenue generation through property and market taxes remains low, with national tax collection efficiency hovering at around 12% of GDP potential, reflecting administrative bottlenecks and informal economic activities that evade formal systems. This dependency hampers proactive service delivery, including water supply and waste management, where communes often defer to central agencies for execution.^[100]^[101]

Central government influence and corruption issues

Guinea's public sector, including Conakry's administrative apparatus as the national capital, exhibits high levels of perceived corruption, with the country scoring 28 out of 100 on Transparency International's 2024 Corruption Perceptions Index, indicating substantial elite capture and opacity in governance.^[102] This score reflects entrenched practices where central authorities in Conakry exert dominant control over local resource allocation, often prioritizing regime loyalists over transparent budgeting, as evidenced by recurrent prosecutions of high-level officials for embezzlement tied to capital-based operations.^[103] Specific scandals in the 2020s underscore this influence, such as the February 2025 sentencing of former Prime Minister Ibrahima Kassory Fofana to five years in prison for corruption and embezzlement, involving funds managed through Conakry's central ministries.^[104] Similarly, in December 2024, a former defense minister received a five-year term for illicit enrichment and money laundering linked to procurement contracts overseen in the capital.^[105] These cases, prosecuted under the post-2021 military junta, reveal patterns of fund diversion from public projects, with audits highlighting unpunished discrepancies in Conakry's oversight of national revenues.^[106] Bauxite export revenues, primarily funneled through Conakry's port and comprising nearly 60% of Guinea's USD 630 million mining income in 2021 per Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) data, have been systematically siphoned, depriving local infrastructure initiatives of funding.^[107] EITI diagnostic reports identify vulnerabilities in revenue collection at the port, including undeclared payments and elite skimming, which exacerbate fiscal shortfalls for Conakry's urban development despite the sector's centrality to national exports.^[108] Nepotism further entrenches central dominance, with appointments in Conakry's bureaucracy favoring familial and ethnic ties over merit, as noted in judicial and investment analyses, undermining incentives for efficient resource use and perpetuating a cycle of patronage that hampers accountability.^[109] This contrasts with environments where competitive market mechanisms could enforce performance-based selection, though Guinea's state-centric model sustains such distortions absent structural reforms.^[21]

Electoral processes and political instability

Conakry has historically functioned as a stronghold for opposition parties in Guinea's national elections, with strong support concentrated among urban populations, particularly for the Union of Democratic Forces of Guinea (UFDG) led by Cellou Dalein Diallo, whose base includes Fulani communities predominant in the capital.^[110] ^[111] This urban-rural divide in voting patterns underscores Conakry's role in challenging ruling party dominance, often leading to heightened tensions during polling.^[112] In the 2015 presidential election, national turnout reached approximately 75%, with provisional results showing incumbent Alpha Condé securing 58% of votes amid opposition allegations of irregularities; Conakry's opposition lean contributed to disputes over results in the capital, though violence was less pronounced than in subsequent polls.^[113] The 2020 presidential election, enabling Condé's third term after a prior constitutional referendum, similarly recorded turnout exceeding 50% nationally, but post-voting clashes in Conakry's opposition neighborhoods resulted in at least 21 deaths nationwide, including security forces, as protesters rejected the outcome.^[114] ^[115] Opposition claims of fraud, including ballot stuffing and voter intimidation in Conakry, were echoed in observer reports documenting irregularities such as unauthorized voting and discrepancies in tallies.^[116] ^[117] Electoral disputes in Conakry have been exacerbated by practices like clientelism, where parties distribute resources to secure votes; Afrobarometer analyses of African elections, including Guinea, reveal that such vote-buying influences turnout and preferences, often undermining merit-based competition and fueling post-poll instability.^[118] ^[119] Independent observers, including the Carter Center in prior cycles, have noted persistent issues like multiple voting and inadequate safeguards in urban centers like Conakry, contributing to eroded trust in processes.^[120] The accumulation of these tensions peaked with the September 5, 2021, military coup, which removed Condé in direct response to perceptions of electoral manipulation tied to his extended tenure, installing a junta under Mamady Doumbouya that promised democratic restoration.^[121] ^[39] Political instability persists as the junta has delayed transitions multiple times, shifting elections from earlier timelines to 2025, with a constitutional referendum planned for September 21 and presidential polls set for December 28, amid skepticism over adherence and renewed protests in Conakry.^[122] ^[123] ^[124] These postponements, justified by logistical and preparatory needs, have intensified opposition demands for transparency, highlighting Conakry's centrality in Guinea's fragile electoral landscape.^[125] ^[126]

Controversies and challenges

Human rights abuses and protest suppressions

Security forces in Conakry have repeatedly used lethal force to suppress protests against government policies and electoral manipulations from 2007 to 2020, resulting in hundreds of documented deaths. During the 2007 general strike opposing economic mismanagement and corruption, clashes in the capital led to more than 20 fatalities from gunfire by security personnel.^[127] In the 2019–2020 demonstrations against President Alpha Condé's bid for a third term, at least 50 people were killed overall, with Human Rights Watch attributing 17 deaths in October and November 2019 alone to security forces firing on crowds, alongside post-election violence claiming 12 more lives in November 2020.^[128]^[129]^[115] These incidents, often involving live ammunition against unarmed demonstrators, underscore a causal pattern where ruling regimes deploy military units to preserve power amid public demands for accountability, with minimal prosecutions for perpetrators.^[130] Following the 2021 military coup that installed a junta led by Mamady Doumbouya, suppressions escalated with arbitrary detentions of opposition figures, activists, and journalists, alongside media blackouts and internet restrictions to curb dissent. Amnesty International reported the October 2023 arrest of 13 journalists during a peaceful rally in Conakry demanding the lifting of media suspensions, charging them with unauthorized assembly despite no violence.^[131] The junta has suspended radio stations without justification and detained human rights defenders on fabricated charges, as detailed in stakeholder reports to the UN, linking these measures directly to efforts to silence criticism of delayed elections.^[132]^[133] Such tactics reflect governance strategies prioritizing regime stability over civil liberties, with security forces routinely exceeding legal bounds in dispersing gatherings. In 2025, protests in Conakry against the junta's failure to meet its promised transition to civilian rule by the original 2025 deadline prompted further crackdowns, with Human Rights Watch documenting at least eight killings by security forces since January, including three children, during demonstrations over power outages and electoral delays.^[49] On January 7, authorities imposed lockdowns and arrested hundreds, primarily youth, after one protester was fatally shot, continuing a pattern where state violence deters mobilization without addressing underlying grievances like constitutional overreach.^[134] Despite international condemnations from organizations like Amnesty and HRW—whose field investigations provide eyewitness and forensic evidence—these events highlight persistent impunity, as trials for past abuses, such as the 2009 stadium massacre, remain exceptional rather than systemic.^[135] Guinea's political culture, shaped by repeated coups since independence, exhibits tolerance for such authoritarian responses among elites and security-dependent factions, viewing them as necessary to avert chaos, though this contrasts with liberal advocacy for accountability.^[103]

Governance failures and resource mismanagement

Guinea possesses the world's largest bauxite reserves, with annual production exceeding 120 million metric tons as of 2023, contributing approximately 20% to national GDP and over 90% of exports through the extractive sector.^[136]^[137] Despite this, GDP per capita stood at $1,541 in 2023, reflecting limited trickle-down benefits to the population, particularly in Conakry where resource-derived revenues fail to translate into improved urban living standards.^[30] The extractive boom has induced Dutch disease effects, whereby mining dominance appreciates the real exchange rate, erodes competitiveness in agriculture and manufacturing, and concentrates economic activity away from diversification, perpetuating structural vulnerabilities evident in Conakry's underdeveloped non-mining sectors.^[138] State interventions, rooted in historical socialist policies under Ahmed Sékou Touré from 1958 to 1984, nationalized industries and imposed centralized planning, resulting in failed collectivized agriculture that produced less output than pre-independence levels and accumulated foreign debt through isolationist economic strategies.^[14]^[24] These legacies persist in Conakry's governance, where low scores in the Index of Economic Freedom—54.6 in 2025, classifying the economy as "mostly unfree"—stem from weak property rights, bureaucratic hurdles, and regulatory opacity that stifle private entrepreneurship and favor state-linked entities in resource allocation.^[139] Consequently, despite mining revenues surpassing $4 billion annually in sector contributions, national poverty rates hover around 43% as of recent surveys, with Conakry's urban poor bearing the brunt of uninvested windfalls in basic infrastructure and human capital.^[140] Reform efforts post-Touré have yielded limited progress, as entrenched state monopolies in key areas like energy and transport distribution hinder market entry for smaller enterprises, exacerbating resource mismanagement where bauxite export gains do not offset the neglect of local value addition or reinvestment in productive capacities.^[139] This causal chain—resource windfalls funding patronage over productive investment—underscores why Conakry, as the administrative hub, exemplifies governance failures: port and mining logistics generate fees, yet fiscal leakages and non-transparent contracting prevent scaling into broader economic multipliers, trapping the city in cycles of import dependency and informal survival economies.^[138] Potential for reversal lies in prioritizing legal reforms to enhance contract enforceability and reduce discretionary state controls, though historical patterns suggest inertia against such shifts.^[139]

International relations and aid dependency critiques

Guinea receives approximately $500 million in annual official development assistance (ODA), primarily directed toward infrastructure and governance projects in Conakry as the administrative hub.^[141] Major donors include the European Union, World Bank, and bilateral partners like the United States, which provided about $55 million in fiscal year 2023.^[142] These inflows aim to support urban development but have drawn critiques for fostering dependency rather than building self-reliant institutions, as funds often sustain patronage networks without addressing underlying governance deficits.^[143] EU and World Bank initiatives in Conakry, such as road rehabilitation and port enhancements, frequently face delays attributed to graft and bureaucratic hurdles, undermining project timelines and efficacy.^[144] For instance, in July 2025, Guinea secured a €500 million loan to modernize road infrastructure, funding five priority projects in Conakry and surrounding areas as part of a €951.2 million national program; however, historical patterns suggest implementation risks from entrenched corruption could inflate costs and extend completion beyond initial schedules.^[145] Critics argue these conditional aid packages from Western donors impose reform requirements that are routinely sidestepped, perpetuating a cycle where recipient governments prioritize short-term disbursements over long-term fiscal discipline.^[146] In contrast, Guinea's international ties extend to resource-backed deals with China and Russia, particularly in bauxite mining near Conakry, which provide infrastructure financing without stringent governance conditionalities.^[147] China committed $20 billion in 2017 for minerals-for-infrastructure swaps, enabling rapid project execution tied to export concessions, while Russian interests have pursued similar extractive partnerships.^[148] These arrangements bypass Western aid's oversight, allowing the junta to leverage mining revenues for political consolidation, though they reinforce export dependency on raw commodities rather than diversified growth. Empirical analyses indicate that aid inflows correlate with Guinea's rising external debt—assessed at moderate distress risk in 2024—without commensurate sustainable economic expansion, as growth remains driven by volatile mining outputs rather than aid-fueled productivity gains.^[149] Debt sustainability reports highlight that while external ratios remain below critical thresholds, persistent inflows exacerbate fiscal vulnerabilities without fostering the institutional reforms needed for self-reliance, echoing broader critiques of aid as a disincentive to domestic revenue mobilization.^[150] This dynamic underscores causal concerns that unconditional resource deals may offer tactical liquidity but align poorly with critiques emphasizing aid's role in entrenching inefficiency over endogenous development.^[151]

Economy

Primary sectors: mining, agriculture, and port activities

The Port of Conakry serves as Guinea's primary export hub for bauxite, the country's dominant mineral resource, facilitating shipments that underpin national mining revenues exceeding $5 billion annually from over 100 million tons exported in recent years. In the first quarter of 2025, bauxite exports reached 48.6 million tons, marking a 39% year-on-year increase driven by demand from China and expanded port infrastructure. By the third quarter of 2025, exports rose another 23% despite seasonal rains and regulatory pressures favoring domestic processing, with Conakry handling the bulk via dedicated bulk terminals. Local alumina production remains negligible at around 78,000 tons quarterly, emphasizing raw ore exports for overseas aluminum refining. The Simandou iron ore project, poised to integrate with Conakry-linked rail and port expansions for additional millions of tons in annual shipments, has encountered repeated delays, including a full halt in October 2025 following the deaths of three workers in a construction accident—the latest in a series claiming at least 13 lives since late 2023—pushing back initial production targets originally set for late 2025. Agriculture within Conakry is constrained by urbanization, limited to peri-urban horticulture and small-scale plots producing vegetables and maize, where compost from market waste has demonstrated yield improvements of approximately 400 kg per hectare in field trials. Emerging hydroponic initiatives aim to scale urban production but contribute minimally to output amid broader national agricultural stagnation. Coastal fishing, a traditional sector tied to Conakry's harbors, has declined due to overexploitation and encroachment by industrial fleets, with per capita fish consumption dropping from 13.3 kg in 1999 to 11.5 kg by 2019 as artisanal catches dwindle in the Gulf of Guinea. These primary activities, centered on port-facilitated mining, drive roughly 40% of Guinea's GDP through exports but yield skewed local benefits, with revenues largely captured by foreign operators and limited reinvestment in Conakry's workforce.

Informal markets and trade dynamics

The informal sector constitutes the backbone of economic activity in Conakry, encompassing street vending, market trading, and unregulated cross-border exchanges that employ the vast majority of the urban workforce. According to a 2023 assessment by the African Development Bank, informal employment accounts for 96% of total jobs in Guinea, with Conakry's markets reflecting this dominance through pervasive small-scale vending of foodstuffs, textiles, and consumer goods.^[152] A 2016 government survey further underscores this, revealing that 92% of private enterprises in the country operate as informal micro-businesses employing fewer than five people, a pattern acutely evident in Conakry's street-level operations where vendors adapt daily to supply fluctuations without formal contracts or protections.^[153] Madina Market stands as Conakry's premier informal trading hub, spanning several kilometers and specializing in imported commodities that bypass or supplement official channels. Vendors there deal in Chinese-sourced housewares, fabrics, and electronics alongside regionally traded items like clothing and building materials, often procured via overland routes from Senegal and other neighbors.^[154] Informal surveys of market women in Conakry indicate that over 65% continue vending despite health impediments, illustrating the sector's role in sustaining livelihoods amid limited formal opportunities.^[155] Cross-border informal trade into Conakry frequently evades tariffs through smuggling tactics, as traders exploit porous land borders and under-resourced customs to undercut official duties averaging 33% on imports. Regional analyses of African informal flows highlight how such evasion sustains market vitality but erodes state revenue, with Guinea's proximity to Senegal facilitating untaxed inflows of consumer goods destined for Madina and similar outlets.^[156] A 2024 informal cross-border trade survey from neighboring Sierra Leone identifies Guinea-Conakry as the dominant partner for undocumented exchanges, including agricultural products and manufactures that flood Conakry's vending networks.^[157] This informal dynamism reveals entrepreneurial resilience in the face of institutional shortcomings, as vendors leverage personal networks and adaptive pricing to thrive where formal infrastructure falters, though it perpetuates vulnerabilities like unregulated competition and exposure to illicit goods trafficking.^[158]

Economic policies, growth trends, and structural barriers

Guinea's economy, with Conakry as its primary commercial hub, experienced a post-COVID rebound, achieving GDP growth of 5.7% in 2024, primarily propelled by expanded mining output including bauxite and gold exports.^[159] Projections for 2025 indicate further acceleration to 6.5-7.2%, supported by anticipated increases in mineral production and non-mining sectors, though political fragility under military governance tempers optimism.^[159]^[160] This growth contrasts with sub-5% rates during the pandemic, reflecting resilience in extractive industries but limited diversification beyond Conakry's port and trade facilitation role. Economic policies since the 2021 coup have prioritized mining sector liberalization and fiscal consolidation, including subsidy rationalization on fuel and electricity to curb deficits, yet implementation has been inconsistent amid transitional governance.^[143] Inflation, influenced by subsidy removals and import dependencies, averaged around 5.1% in 2024 before easing to 2.5% in early 2025, though food and transport price volatility persists due to inadequate monetary controls.^[95] Public debt remains manageable at approximately 37-39% of GDP in 2024, below distress thresholds, but rising obligations from mining infrastructure investments pose risks if export revenues falter.^[161] Structural barriers hinder sustained expansion, including weak property rights enforcement and a corrupt judiciary that deters investment, as evidenced by Guinea's low rankings in economic freedom indices.^[162] Burdensome regulations, such as opaque licensing and frequent bureaucratic delays, exacerbate informality in Conakry's markets, with the judicial system's inefficiency prolonging contract disputes and undermining business confidence.^[143] Political instability and governance opacity under the junta further amplify these issues, limiting access to international finance and perpetuating reliance on volatile commodity cycles despite rebasing efforts that could upwardly revise GDP estimates.^[163] Comprehensive reforms in rule of law and regulatory simplification are essential to unlock Conakry's potential as a regional trade node, but entrenched elite capture and institutional weaknesses suggest persistent challenges.^[162]

Infrastructure and transportation

Road networks, ports, and recent upgrades

Conakry's urban road network comprises a combination of paved primary arteries and extensive unpaved secondary routes, with ongoing challenges from poor maintenance and seasonal flooding that exacerbate potholes and erosion. Recent rehabilitation efforts have included the asphalting of approximately 9 km of roads across municipalities such as Dixinn, Ratoma, and Coyah, aimed at improving local connectivity.^[164] Broader national road conditions, which feed into Conakry, feature only about 14% paving overall, limiting efficient urban access.^[165] The Port of Conakry functions as Guinea's principal commercial harbor, managing containerized cargo, bauxite shipments, and general freight, with capacity expansions underway to reach 500,000 TEUs in storage.^[166] Since 2018, Turkish firm Albayrak Group has operated the port under a 25-year concession, investing roughly $500 million in modernization, including equipment upgrades and operational enhancements.^[167] Recent dredging of entrance channels and quay areas, completed in a 2.5-month campaign, has improved vessel access amid rising traffic volumes.^[168] In tandem with the Simandou iron ore initiative, a new deep-water port at Morebaya—approximately 50 km south of Conakry—is advancing to handle initial exports, with first ore loadings projected for November 2025 as part of a $20 billion infrastructure package integrating rail and port facilities.^[169]^[170] Upgrades in 2025 include a €500 million loan ratified in July for national road modernization, directly benefiting Conakry's inbound links by rehabilitating key corridors and reducing bottlenecks.^[145] The €60 million Five Bridges project, enhancing cross-peninsula traffic flow, nears completion by year-end.^[171] A $26 million allocation supports construction of Bambeto and Cosa interchanges in the capital, targeting congestion hotspots.^[172] Traffic data indicate substantial delays, with congestion inflating travel times to facilities by factors tied to peak-hour bottlenecks and vehicle density.^[173]^[174]

Public transport, energy supply, and utilities

Public transport in Conakry relies heavily on informal minibus services, locally termed wôrô-wôrô, and shared yellow taxis that navigate congested routes without fixed schedules or centralized oversight, leading to inefficiencies and safety concerns. These systems handle the bulk of daily commuting for the city's over 2 million residents, but capacity is strained by rapid urbanization and vehicle overcrowding. Formal initiatives, such as the planned multimodal mass transit network integrating bus rapid transit (BRT) and heavy rail transit (HRT) lines, aim to address these gaps, though implementation remains in early planning stages as of 2023.^[175] Energy supply is managed by the state-owned Electricité de Guinée (EDG), with hydropower dominating generation at over 80% of capacity following the commissioning of Chinese-financed dams like Kaleta (240 MW, 2015) and Souapiti (450 MW, 2021). Despite Guinea's estimated 6,000 MW hydropower potential—primarily from rivers originating in the Fouta Djallon highlands—only about one-third is currently exploited, hampered by insufficient transmission infrastructure, maintenance shortfalls, and vulnerability to seasonal rainfall variations.^[176]^[177]^[178] Electrification reaches approximately 75% of urban households in Conakry, higher than the national average but marked by persistent outages; in 2024, prolonged blackouts—exacerbated by depleted reservoirs and low inflows—lasted hours daily, prompting protests and the dismissal of EDG's leadership. Many households and businesses supplement grid power with private diesel generators, which are widespread due to unreliable supply, though exact penetration rates are undocumented; this reliance imports costly fuel and contributes to environmental strain.^[179]^[180]^[181] Government subsidies in 2024 reduced electricity tariffs to about 3 US cents per kWh for households—down from prior levels but still below cost-recovery—totaling around 1% of GDP and distorting markets by discouraging efficient consumption and private investment in alternatives like solar, while straining public finances amid fiscal pressures.^[101]^[177]^[182]

Persistent crises and investment shortcomings

Conakry has faced recurrent flooding from seasonal heavy rains, which exacerbate infrastructure vulnerabilities due to inadequate drainage and maintenance. In August 2025, torrential downpours caused multiple fatalities, displaced thousands, and overwhelmed urban drainage systems, leading to widespread damage to roads, homes, and public facilities.^[183] Similar events in prior years, such as 2023 floods rendering major roads impassable and destroying hundreds of structures, underscore the annual pattern of disruption tied to unaddressed urban planning deficits.^[184] Fiscal mismanagement and corruption have diverted resources away from essential infrastructure upkeep, perpetuating these crises. Public funds intended for development projects are frequently embezzled or misappropriated, with Guinea's government reporting over one billion GNF (approximately $110,000) in such cases by late 2021, a trend continuing amid broader governance challenges.^[44] Pervasive corruption in procurement processes hampers competitive bidding, favoring opaque dealings that prioritize elite interests over resilient systems like flood defenses or road repairs.^[185] Foreign direct investment in non-mining infrastructure remains low, despite Guinea's resource wealth, as political instability and corruption deter commitments to transportation and utilities. FDI inflows, primarily concentrated in extractives, fail to translate into diversified infrastructure upgrades, with budget shortfalls and governance risks cited as key barriers.^[186] This shortfall links directly to cronyism in public contracts, where lack of transparent competition undermines efficiency and long-term viability.^[143] Guinea's hosting of the Transform Africa Summit in Conakry from November 12–14, 2025, emphasizes digital ambitions but exemplifies superficial public relations over substantive infrastructure investment. Billed as a milestone for West Africa, the event focuses on AI and innovation without addressing core physical bottlenecks like flood-prone transport networks, highlighting persistent gaps between rhetoric and empirical progress.^[187]

Healthcare system

Major facilities and service provision

The primary public hospitals in Conakry are the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Donka (CHU Donka) and the Ignace Deen National Hospital, which collectively offer around 1,100 beds to serve the metropolitan population of approximately 2 million.^[188]^[189] CHU Donka, the largest facility, maintains a capacity of 631 beds, distributed across departments including 193 surgical beds, 324 medical beds, and 56 gynecology-obstetrics beds; it records at least 14,000 annual hospitalizations and 62,000 specialist consultations.^[188]^[190] Ignace Deen Hospital provides 480 beds and functions as a key referral center for specialized care in the capital.^[189] The Sino-Guinean Friendship Hospital (Hôpital de l'Amitié Sino-Guinéenne) supplements public provision with modern infrastructure funded by Chinese cooperation, focusing on advanced diagnostics and treatments such as vascular surgery.^[191] Private clinics, comprising about 28% of facilities offering inpatient services in the greater Conakry area, primarily serve higher-income residents with better-equipped options amid public sector overcrowding.^[173] These urban-centric resources highlight stark disparities, as Guinea's overall hospital bed density remains low at roughly 0.3 per 1,000 people nationally, with rural peripheries beyond Conakry relying on understaffed communal centers lacking comparable capacity.^[192]^[193]

Epidemic responses: Ebola and ongoing vulnerabilities

During the 2014–2016 West African Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic, Guinea recorded over 3,800 cases and more than 2,500 deaths, with a case fatality rate of approximately 66%.^[194] ^[195] Conakry emerged as a critical urban hotspot, where the outbreak spread by late May 2014 after initial rural emergence in southeastern Guinea, facilitating rapid transmission through dense populations, healthcare worker infections, and cross-border mobility.^[194] ^[196] Government responses were hampered by initial denialism under President Alpha Condé, rooted in fears that acknowledging the epidemic's scale would deter foreign investors; internal directives, such as one issued on August 14, 2014, following a U.S. summit, prioritized information suppression over transparent alerting.^[197] Aid efforts faced systemic corruption, including diversion of supplies and fraud by local staff and officials, which undermined delivery of protective equipment and treatments in Guinea.^[198] The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies reported millions in misappropriated funds across Guinea and Sierra Leone operations, with investigations revealing pilfered resources intended for frontline response, exacerbating shortages amid already strained logistics.^[199] ^[200] A 2021 EVD resurgence, declared on February 14 in N'Zérékoré prefecture near the 2014 epicenter, was contained more effectively, ending by June 19 with 23 cases (16 confirmed, 7 probable) and 12 deaths, aided by rapid vaccination of over 11,000 high-risk individuals and prior experience from the larger outbreak.^[201] ^[202] This quicker resolution—spanning about four months versus years—highlighted gains in coordination but underscored persistent vulnerabilities in Guinea's surveillance, including delays in passive alert systems and urban detection gaps in areas like Conakry.^[203] ^[204] Weaknesses in routine surveillance infrastructure, such as incomplete community reporting and laboratory integration, remain a core risk factor for re-emergence, as the 2014–2016 epidemic exposed how fragmented systems allowed undetected chains of transmission to persist in urban centers.^[204] ^[205] Post-epidemic evaluations by international bodies emphasize that without sustained investment in real-time monitoring and trust-building to counter denialism, Conakry's role as a transit hub could amplify future outbreaks' scale and speed.^[206]

Access barriers, corruption, and health outcomes

Access to healthcare in Conakry is hindered by inadequate infrastructure and socioeconomic factors, with approximately 30% of urban households lacking reliable access to improved water sources, exacerbating risks of waterborne diseases that strain health services.^[71] Transportation challenges, including poor road conditions and limited public options, further restrict timely care, particularly for peripheral neighborhoods where facilities are scarce relative to population density. Poverty levels, with over half the urban population below the poverty line, deter utilization due to out-of-pocket costs averaging 60-70% of expenses, leading to delayed treatments and higher morbidity.^[207] Corruption permeates the system, with bribery commonplace for obtaining medications, diagnostics, or expedited services at public facilities, as reported in sub-Saharan African contexts including Guinea where such practices act as de facto user fees for the poor. Health workers and officials often demand informal payments, diverting supplies meant for free distribution and eroding trust, with surveys indicating up to 20-30% of patients encountering such demands in low-resource settings. This governance failure, compounded by weak oversight from the Anti-Corruption Agency, perpetuates inefficiencies, as embezzlement of funds earmarked for procurement leaves shelves empty despite international donations.^[208]^[209] These barriers contribute to suboptimal health outcomes, evidenced by Guinea's infant mortality rate of 61.5 per 1,000 live births in 2023, far exceeding global averages and reflecting failures in maternal and neonatal care access. Life expectancy hovers around 62 years, lagging behind resource-endowed peers due to preventable causes like malaria and tuberculosis, which remain prevalent despite low endemicity in Conakry (malaria under 1% prevalence but with thousands of cases annually from imported or urban transmission). Tuberculosis incidence stands at approximately 100-120 per 100,000 nationally, with urban hotspots driven by overcrowding and delayed diagnosis. Reliance on foreign aid for over 50% of health funding has sustained interventions like malaria control—reducing prevalence by two-thirds since 2012—but fosters dependency, undermining incentives for domestic revenue mobilization and capacity-building, as local systems fail to internalize gains amid entrenched graft.^[210]^[211]^[212]^[213]^[91]^[214]

Education

Educational institutions and enrollment

The primary educational institutions in Conakry include numerous public primary and secondary schools under the Ministry of Pre-University Education, alongside the dominant higher education facility, Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry (UGANC), located in the Dixinn Commune. UGANC, established in 1962 and renamed in 1989, serves as Guinea's largest public university, offering programs in fields such as sciences, health, and engineering primarily in French, with an enrollment of approximately 25,000 students as of 2025.^[215] Primary school enrollment in the Conakry region exhibits higher net attendance rates compared to rural areas, reaching about 80% for school-age children, reflecting better urban infrastructure and proximity to facilities despite national challenges.^[216] This contrasts with lower rural figures, underscoring Conakry's relative advantage in access, though secondary enrollment drops more sharply due to economic pressures and limited spaces. Public primary schools, numbering in the hundreds across Conakry's communes, accommodate the majority of enrollees, with private institutions like the American International School of Conakry serving expatriate and elite local families in niche settings.^[217] Teacher shortages persist across Conakry's institutions, with many classrooms relying on underqualified or contract staff, contributing to uneven instructional quality even in urban centers where pupil-teacher ratios can exceed 50:1 in overcrowded public primaries.^[218] Vocational training centers remain limited in scope and enrollment, primarily affiliated with UGANC or smaller technical institutes, enrolling far fewer students than general academic tracks and exacerbating skill mismatches in the local economy.^[219]

Literacy rates, quality issues, and reforms

The adult literacy rate in Guinea was 45.33% in 2021, encompassing individuals aged 15 and above, with males at 61.15% and females at 31.27%.^[220] ^[221] In Conakry, as the primary urban center, literacy rates are notably higher, reaching approximately 65% among adults, reflecting better access to schooling compared to rural areas where rates drop to around 20%.^[222] This urban-rural divide exacerbates overall educational inequities, with Conakry benefiting from denser infrastructure and proximity to institutions, though national averages mask persistent low functional literacy even in the capital.^[218] Educational quality in Conakry and Guinea broadly suffers from a curriculum centered on rote memorization rather than skill development, resulting in deficiencies in reading comprehension, problem-solving, and practical application—gaps comparable to sub-400 PISA-equivalent scores observed in comparable West African contexts.^[223] ^[224] Teacher-centered instruction and inadequate training further limit outcomes, with urban schools in Conakry showing marginally better but still insufficient progress in fostering analytical abilities amid overcrowded classrooms and resource shortages.^[225] ^[218] Post-Ebola initiatives, following school closures from 2014 to early 2015, included donor-supported programs like interactive radio instruction to bolster teacher quality and access, yet these have yielded limited sustained gains due to ongoing funding instability and implementation hurdles.^[226] ^[225] Reforms post-2021 coup have stalled amid political transitions, with curricula remaining heavily influenced by international donors, prioritizing basic recovery over deep structural changes like shifting from rote to competency-based learning.^[218] Brain drain compounds these issues, as a substantial portion of Guinea's university graduates—estimated at over 70% in some surveys—emigrate for opportunities abroad, depleting the pool of skilled educators and professionals needed for local improvement.^[227]

Vocational training and skill gaps

Technical and vocational education and training (TVET) in Conakry faces significant challenges in aligning with the skill demands of Guinea's dominant sectors, including bauxite mining, construction, and agriculture, resulting in substantial mismatches between training outputs and industry requirements. World Bank analysis indicates that TVET infrastructure and programs are underdeveloped relative to these needs, with limited capacity to produce qualified technicians, mechanics, and agricultural specialists essential for resource extraction and agro-processing.^[228] In response, the government validated a National Strategy for Quality Apprenticeship in July 2025, emphasizing apprenticeships in high-potential areas like mining, energy, and agribusiness to enhance youth employability through practical, sector-specific training.^[229] Despite such initiatives, completion rates in existing trade programs remain low, often below 50% due to inadequate facilities, teacher shortages, and economic pressures prompting early workforce entry.^[230] Official unemployment data reports a national rate of around 6%, with youth unemployment (ages 15-24) at approximately 7.1% in 2023 per ILO-modeled estimates, though these figures likely understate realities in Conakry, where informal employment predominates and underemployment affects over 20% of young urban dwellers amid rapid population growth.^[231]^[232] Skill gaps are particularly acute in technical trades, as agricultural graduates in Conakry struggle with formal sector integration, with studies showing only partial absorption into mining or farming roles due to deficiencies in hands-on competencies like equipment maintenance and value-chain processing.^[233] Critics highlight an overemphasis in the broader education system on humanities and theoretical general studies, which diverts resources from practical TVET and leaves graduates ill-equipped for Guinea's extractive and agrarian economy.^[230] Private sector potential for bridging these gaps is hindered by regulatory barriers, including complex labor code provisions on apprenticeships and insufficient incentives for corporate-led training programs, despite mining firms' expressed needs for localized skilled labor.^[234]^[235] Government financing constraints further limit public-private partnerships, with TVET budgets chronically underfunded, perpetuating reliance on informal skill transmission in Conakry's workshops rather than scalable, certified programs.^[230] Efforts like the proposed Centre d'Excellence pour la Formation Professionnelle Industrielle et Agricole de Guinée (CEPIAG) aim to address industrial shortages through trusted, industry-aligned training, but implementation depends on overcoming these structural impediments.^[236]

Culture and society

Religious composition and worship sites

Approximately 85 percent of Conakry's residents are Muslim, predominantly Sunni following the Maliki school, while Christians account for around 10 percent and adherents to indigenous or animist beliefs comprise the remaining 5 percent.^[237]^[238] The Christian minority is more concentrated in urban areas like Conakry compared to rural regions.^[239] The Grand Mosque of Conakry, constructed during the presidency of Ahmed Sékou Touré in the 1960s, serves as the city's principal Islamic worship site and one of West Africa's largest, with capacity for 10,000 men in the main hall, 2,500 women on an upper level, and an additional 12,500 in the courtyard.^[240]^[241] The newer Mohammed VI Mosque, funded by Morocco, also draws significant congregations. Christian worship centers include the Cathédrale Sainte-Marie, the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Conakry, alongside Protestant churches serving the minority community. Indigenous practices persist in smaller shrines, though less formalized. Guinea's constitution establishes the state as secular, prohibiting religious identification of political parties and protecting freedom of belief, yet Islam exerts informal influence on social customs and family law in practice.^[242]^[243] Interfaith relations remain generally peaceful, with rare tensions typically tied to land disputes or ethnic overlaps rather than purely religious motives, such as the unresolved conflict between Susu Muslims and a Catholic monastery in nearby Lower Guinea.^[243]^[244]

Traditional arts, media, and cultural preservation

Guinea's traditional arts in Conakry emphasize rhythmic music and communal dances derived from ethnic groups such as the Mandinka, Fulani, and Susu, featuring percussion ensembles with djembe drums and balafons that accompany storytelling performances.^[245] Dances like dununba, historically a display of masculine strength during community ceremonies, involve energetic movements and call-and-response vocals, preserving social hierarchies and historical narratives through physical expression.^[246] The Conakry Ballet, a state-supported ensemble, integrates these elements into choreographed spectacles that blend traditional rhythms with theatrical reenactments of folklore, promoting cultural continuity since the post-independence era under Sékou Touré's promotion of national ensembles like the Syli Orchestre National.^[245] These forms face erosion from urbanization and Western media imports, which prioritize individualism over communal rituals, leading critics to argue that globalized entertainment dilutes indigenous practices without equivalent adaptive benefits.^[247] Media in Conakry remains heavily influenced by state control through Radiodiffusion Télévision Guinéenne (RTG), the primary broadcaster since independence, which has historically served as a tool for government messaging amid periods of authoritarian rule.^[248] Post-1990s liberalization under Lansana Conté allowed private FM radio stations to proliferate, particularly in urban areas, fostering diverse local content including traditional music broadcasts despite ongoing vulnerabilities to suspension. Censorship intensified under the 2021 military junta, with bans on private outlets like Espace FM in 2023-2024 for critical coverage, restricting independent preservation of oral histories and arts programming.^[248]^[249] Preservation initiatives, such as community workshops and ballets, counter urbanization's displacement of rural performers to Conakry's informal settlements, though efforts lack systematic funding and face competition from imported digital media.^[245] Nearby tentative UNESCO listings, including vernacular Mandingue architecture in the Gberedou/Hamana region, underscore broader regional attempts to safeguard intangible heritage, but Conakry's rapid growth exacerbates the loss of performance spaces.^[250] Family structures in Conakry predominantly feature extended kin networks, where multiple generations and relatives co-reside or maintain close interdependence for childcare, financial support, and social security, rooted in ethnic traditions among groups like the Fulani and Susu. Urban economic pressures and migration have prompted a shift toward nuclear units among educated middle-class households, though extended ties persist for remittances and dispute resolution.^[251] Polygyny remains common, with approximately 25-28% of currently married women in Guinea residing in polygamous unions, a practice sanctioned under Islamic law prevalent in Conakry's Muslim-majority society and linked to male status and fertility ideals.^[252] The urban total fertility rate hovers around 3.9 children per woman, lower than the national 4.9 but sustained by limited contraceptive access and cultural emphasis on large families. Female genital mutilation (FGM) affects over 90% of women in Conakry, per local surveys, performed as a rite of passage to enforce modesty, marriageability, and clan purity, despite national bans since 1965 and persistent health risks like hemorrhage and childbirth complications.^[253]^[254] Gender dynamics reinforce patriarchal norms, with men as primary providers and decision-makers, while women shoulder domestic duties, child-rearing, and informal market vending—key to household income but undervalued.^[255] Educational attainment gaps exacerbate this, as female literacy lags at about 28% versus 45% for males, limiting access to skilled jobs.^[218] Labor participation reflects inequality, with women at 41.6% versus 63% for men, often confined to low-wage sectors amid discriminatory hiring and childcare burdens.^[256] Tensions arise between traditionalist views—drawing on Islamic and customary justifications for practices like FGM and polygyny to uphold family honor—and secular state efforts for reform, including legal prohibitions and NGO campaigns, though enforcement falters due to community resistance and weak institutions.^[257]^[258]

Urban development

Architectural styles and historical buildings

Conakry's architectural landscape is dominated by remnants of French colonial-era structures, post-independence modernist buildings, and prevalent informal concrete constructions, with limited high-rise development. French colonial architecture, established from the city's founding as a naval base in 1887 through the mid-20th century, features low-rise buildings with wide verandas, stucco walls, and elevated foundations suited to the tropical climate, including administrative offices and residential villas in the Kaloum district.^[259] Many such structures, like the former Governor's Palace built in the early 1900s, exhibit decay from maintenance neglect amid rapid urbanization and economic constraints.^[260] Post-independence developments under President Ahmed Sékou Touré's socialist regime introduced modernist influences, notably the Palais du Peuple, constructed in 1967 with Chinese technical aid and embodying tropical modernism through its concrete frame, expansive patios, and functional design as the National Assembly seat.^[261] This five-story edifice, renovated in 2008, contrasts with earlier colonial styles by prioritizing monumental scale and public utility over ornamental adaptation.^[262] Contemporary architecture consists largely of multi-story reinforced concrete blocks built informally by residents and small contractors, reflecting resource scarcity and incremental urban growth rather than planned high-density projects. Skyscrapers remain scarce, with the tallest structures, such as the Kaloum Tower I hotel at approximately 50 meters, underscoring the city's low-rise profile dominated by buildings under 10 stories.^[263] Historical preservation is limited, as governmental priorities favor basic infrastructure over heritage restoration, leading to the erosion of colonial facades and underutilization of sites like the Sandervalia National Museum's colonial-era exhibits.^[260]

Parks, green spaces, and urban planning efforts

Conakry possesses few dedicated public parks relative to its population of over 2 million, with green spaces comprising a small fraction of the urban landscape amid dense coastal development between mangrove swamps and the Atlantic Ocean.^[53] The Jardins du 2 Octobre, located along the N1 road in midtown, functions as the city's primary amusement and recreational park, featuring limited landscaping but serving as one of the scarce open areas in a concrete-heavy environment.^[264] Similarly, the Jardin Botanique de Camayenne provides botanical exhibits, play areas for children, and shaded paths, yet remains one of the limited formal green zones accessible to residents.^[265] These parks experience low utilization, exacerbated by pervasive safety risks including armed robbery, assaults, and muggings that affect public spaces throughout Conakry, particularly after dark or in less-patrolled areas.^[266] Urban encroachment and inadequate maintenance further diminish their appeal, with visitors often avoiding them due to poor infrastructure and surrounding disorder.^[267] Urban planning initiatives date to the post-independence era, including a 1963 design scheme intended to reallocate land for equitable growth and incorporate green buffers, though execution faltered amid political instability and resource constraints.^[260] More recent efforts encompass the Greater Conakry Regional Master Plan, developed with international support to promote socio-economic balance and environmental safeguards through zoning and infrastructure guidelines.^[268] Complementary policies, such as UN-Habitat collaborations on climate-resilient spatial strategies, aim to address sprawl via integrated land-use regulations.^[269] Despite these frameworks, implementation gaps—stemming from weak enforcement, funding shortfalls, and rapid informal settlement growth—have perpetuated haphazard expansion, eroding potential green corridors and amplifying flood vulnerabilities in low-lying zones.^[270] World Bank assessments highlight persistent disconnects between planning documents and on-ground outcomes, resulting in minimal green space integration within the expanding metropolitan footprint.^[271]

Housing, slums, and development prospects

Approximately 50.1% of Guinea's urban population, predominantly concentrated in Conakry as the primary urban center, lived in slums in 2018, featuring inadequate housing without durable structures, secure tenure, sufficient living space, or access to safe water, sanitation, and waste disposal.^[272] Overcrowding exacerbates conditions, with 20.1% of households occupying a single room and an average density of 2.2 persons per room nationwide, trends amplified in Conakry's peripheral informal areas.^[97] Ownership stands at 64.5% of urban homes, but only 22.9% hold formal titles, contributing to vulnerability amid rapid urbanization.^[97] Forced evictions remain a persistent issue, exemplified by the 2019 government demolitions in Conakry that displaced thousands from informal settlements without adequate compensation or relocation, leaving families in precarious conditions.^[273] Similar actions under prior administrations prompted recent efforts, such as the September 2024 allocation of land plots to long-term victims, though implementation delays highlight ongoing enforcement gaps.^[274] Prospects for housing improvement tie to Guinea's mining sector expansion, particularly the Simandou iron ore project, anticipated to boost real GDP by several percentage points through export revenues and associated infrastructure like rail and ports linking to Conakry.^[275] This $20 billion initiative, advancing toward production by late 2025, could generate funds for urban upgrades, including the government's plan for 50,000 annual housing units and partnerships targeting 150,000 affordable homes in Conakry over a decade.^[97] ^[276] However, endemic corruption in mining concessions and revenue management risks elite capture, as evidenced by historical favoritism in title grants and bribery scandals, potentially diverting benefits from slum dwellers to political insiders.^[148] ^[277] Persistent land speculation and state-dominated controls further hinder private sector involvement needed for scalable, market-responsive development.^[97]

Notable individuals

Djibril Tamsir Niane (1932–2021), a historian, playwright, and author born in Conakry, is renowned for his adaptation of the Epic of Sundiata, which introduced the Mali Empire's founding legend to a global audience through its French translation.^[278] His scholarly work emphasized oral traditions and African historiography, drawing from his education in Senegal and France.^[279] Katoucha Niane (1960–2008), supermodel and activist also born in Conakry, gained prominence in the 1980s as one of the first black women to achieve international success in high fashion, working with designers like Yves Saint Laurent and Thierry Mugler.^[280] Daughter of Djibril Tamsir Niane, she advocated against female genital mutilation, authoring a memoir on the subject before her death by drowning in Paris.^[281] Sékouba Konaté (born 1964), a military officer born in Conakry, served as Guinea's interim president from December 2009 to December 2010 following the death of Lansana Conté and a coup attempt, overseeing a transition to civilian rule amid political instability.^[282] He rose through the Guinean army ranks and later held diplomatic roles, including as personal envoy to the African Union.^[283] Naby Keïta (born 1995), professional footballer born in Conakry, played as a midfielder for clubs including Liverpool FC and RB Leipzig, contributing to major titles like the UEFA Champions League in 2019; he captains Guinea's national team.^[284] His career began with local club Horoya AC before moving to Europe.^[285] Kandia Kora (born 1989), musician and kora virtuoso born in Conakry from a griot lineage, blends traditional Mandingue sounds with modern influences, releasing albums that fuse West African heritage with contemporary rhythms.^[286]

References

[1]
Conakry, Guinea | Research Starters - EBSCO
According to the Central Intelligence Agency's World Factbook in 2022, as of 2022 the population of Conakry was 2.049 million, making it the most populous city ...Skip to landscape · Skip to people · Skip to economy · Skip to landmarksMissing: facts | Show results with:facts
[2]
Guinea gains its independence, exploits Cold War tensions | HISTORY
The former French colony of Guinea declares its independence on October 2, 1958, with Sekou Toure as the new nation's first leader.
[3]
Conakry, Guinea Population (2025)
Conakry Urban Area Population Graph ; 2022, 2,049,000 ; 2023, 2,111,000 ; 2024, 2,179,000 ; 2025, 2,252,000.
[4]
Guinea - Mining and Minerals - International Trade Administration
Apr 24, 2024 · Guinea boasts 23 percent of the world's reserves of bauxite, the world's largest and became the second main bauxite exporter after Australia ...
[5]
Guinea-Conakry Bauxite Exports Hit Record High
Jul 29, 2025 · Guinea-Conakry has boosted the metallurgy sector with a new 24 MW plant as bauxite exports surge, infrastructure expands and downstream ...
[6]
Conakry, Guinea (1884- ) | BlackPast.org
Aug 26, 2014 · The city was founded in 1884 on Tombo Island by French settlers although its political control remained in dispute until Great Britain ...Missing: 1887 | Show results with:1887
[7]
'RUBBER FEVER', COMMERCE AND FRENCH COLONIAL RULE ...
Nov 25, 2004 · This article examines the trade in wild rubber that emerged in Upper Guinée, in the colony of Guinée Française, at the end of the nineteenth ...
[8]
Sékou Touré – Guinea's bold move against French colonialism
Apr 3, 2025 · France responded to Guinea's rejection with brutal economic and political retaliation. Within weeks, French officials, engineers, doctors, and ...
[9]
5 things Guinea's first president, Sekou Toure, will be remembered for
Jan 9, 2019 · The rejection was met with stiff repercussions from France. It withdrew all forms of financial/ economic aid and recalled all of its technical ...
[10]
Sekou Toure's legacy to Guinea: warming ties to West, repression
Apr 2, 1984 · The French departed, stripping the country of most of its assets. Spurned by the West, Sekou Toure then looked to the East bloc for support in ...Missing: consequences | Show results with:consequences
[11]
https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-758
[12]
How Socialism Destroyed Africa - George B.N. Ayittey - African Liberty
Mar 14, 2019 · Currency trafficking was punishable by 15 to 20 years in prison. Many farms were collectivized. Food prices were fixed at low levels. Private ...
[13]
National Resources & Poverty - WebGuinee.Net
Within the framework of Sékou Touré's version of socialism, those steps met ... In September 1970, the shortage of rice, 19 Guinea's staple food, was ...Missing: collectivization | Show results with:collectivization
[14]
The Economics & Geopolitics of Guinea (Old) - Yaw's Brief
Feb 20, 2023 · All of its other exports (cocoa, coffee, peanuts) are relatively meager that doesn't even hit $100M for each export. Guinea's exports. “Why ...
[15]
GUINEA'S BAUXITE BONANZA | CIA FOIA (foia.cia.gov)
... Guinea's Bauxite Bonanza Introduction Bauxite occupies a dominant position in Guinea's economy. It is Guinea's most important mineral resource, and exports ...
[16]
[PDF] Guinea Area Handbook.pdf - Marines.mil
Area handbook for Guinea. "One of a series of handbooks prepared by Foreign Area Studies (FAS) of the American. University." " ...<|separator|>
[17]
GUINEA'S PRESIDENT, SEKOU TOURE, DIES IN CLEVELAND ...
Mar 28, 1984 · He attacked tribal, caste and religious loyalties in the largely Moslem country and nurtured a personality cult around himself. Advertisement.
[18]
Family Feuds - WebGuinee.Net
The twelfth congress of the ruling Parti Democratique de Guinee (PDG) at the end of 1983 turned out to be a celebration of Toure's growing personality cult.
[19]
[PDF] £REPUBLIC OF GUINEA @Amnesty International's concerns since ...
The 26 years of President Sékou Touré's rule from 1958 to 1984 were marked by a series of. "plots against the revolution" allegedly discovered by the ...Missing: authoritarianism purges estimates
[20]
The Status of Human Rights Organizations in Sub-Saharan Africa
Under Sekou Toure Guinea suffered a repressive, personal rule, which did not allow for the development of any autonomous political or social institutions.Missing: authoritarianism estimates<|separator|>
[21]
A Stagnant Transition in Guinea - Africa Center for Strategic Studies
Aug 6, 2024 · This includes the oppressive 25-year regime of Sekou Touré (1958–1984) in which 50,000 people are estimated to have been killed by the ...Missing: authoritarianism purges
[22]
Camp Boiro
Conakry, Guinea November 20, 1999. To this day, just the name of this military base is enough to frighten any Guinean old enough to remember Sékou Touré's ...
[23]
Hero or dictator? Ahmed Sékou Touré and the war of memory in ...
Oct 4, 2024 · ... deaths attributed to his regime, with access to the notorious Camp Boiro concentration camp now closed to victims' families. Our ...
[24]
Sekou Toure: An African Tragedy - WebGuinee.Net
It was alleged that he was deliberately starved to death by the prison authorities. A large number of the Peul people fled the country and were later said to ...
[25]
“History is stubborn”: Talk about Truth, Justice, and National ...
Jan 4, 2013 · We analyze ongoing debates among Guineans regarding the legacy of the former president, Sékou Touré, and whether or not there is a need for ...
[26]
“We Have Lived in Darkness”: A Human Rights Agenda for Guinea's ...
May 24, 2011 · Many Guineans viewed these hugely significant elections as having the potential to end over 50 years of authoritarianism, human rights abuse, ...
[27]
Lansana Conté profile: Death of an African 'Big Man' | Guinea
Dec 23, 2008 · Conté came to power in a military coup in 1984 after the death of his predecessor. The army suspended the constitution and parliament, and Conté ...
[28]
Guinea: No Coups Are Good Coups | International Crisis Group
Mar 22, 2006 · Much of Lansana Conté's 22-year rule has been oriented toward replacing that sense with egotism, pillage and greed. Guineans have not ...
[29]
Buried Secrets | The New Yorker
Jul 1, 2013 · “The level of development is equivalent to Liberia or Sierra Leone,” a government adviser in Conakry, Guinea's ramshackle seaside capital, told ...
[30]
Guinea GDP Per Capita | Historical Chart & Data - Macrotrends
Guinea GDP per capita for 2023 was $1,541, a 8.78% increase from 2022. Guinea GDP per capita for 2022 was $1,417, a 13.79% increase from 2021.
[31]
Guinea GDP per capita - Trading Economics
GDP per Capita in Guinea averaged 694.23 USD from 1986 until 2024, reaching an all time high of 1049.08 USD in 2024 and a record low of 514.95 USD in 1986.
[32]
The tycoon, the dictator's wife and the $2.5bn Guinea mining deal
Jul 30, 2013 · "All of Lansana Conté's wives were involved in mining and business deals," said Abdoul Rahamane Diallo, Guinea programme co-ordinator for the ...Missing: economy | Show results with:economy
[33]
25 years of undisputed rule - France 24
Dec 26, 2008 · Brought to power in coup d'état in 1984, Lansana Conte would preside over the destinies of Guineans for nearly a quarter of a century.
[34]
Guinea - State.gov
The December 2008 coup leaders established a military junta calling itself the National Council for Democracy and Development (CNDD), led by Moussa Dadis Camara ...
[35]
Guinea elections: Alpha Condé takes on Cellou Dalein Diallo again
Oct 18, 2020 · He lost to Mr Condé in both 2010 and 2015, although he says both elections were marred by widespread fraud. AFP Cellou Dalein Diallo AFP. Mr ...
[36]
Guinea elections: Alpha Condé wins third term amid violent protests
Oct 24, 2020 · His opponent, Cellou Dalein Diallo, said he would contest the result, alleging large-scale fraud. At least 30 people have died since the vote on ...
[37]
Guinea top court declares Alpha Conde elected president
Nov 7, 2020 · Constitutional court rejects electoral fraud claims, hands 82-year-old third term his rivals say is unconstitutional.
[38]
Guinea: The Causes and Consequences of West Africa's Latest Coup
Sep 8, 2021 · A3: Doumbouya's age, temperament, and admiration for the region's past coup leaders bode poorly for Guinea's transition to civilian rule.
[39]
Guinea's coup: why it happened and where to from here?
Sep 9, 2021 · The mining industry in Guinea has long been a source of both the country's wealth and high levels of corruption. Col Doumbouya has already ...
[40]
Guinea's Military Declared A Coup. What Happens Next Is Uncertain
Sep 6, 2021 · Col. Mamady Doumbouya, the coup's leader, said he was dissolving the country's constitution and government.
[41]
[PDF] GUINEA 2021 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT - State Department
On September 5, Colonel Mamadi. Doumbouya and military special forces arrested President Alpha Conde and seized power through a coup d'etat. Elections and ...
[42]
Amid International Silence, Guinea's Coup Regime Imperils Transition
Sep 19, 2024 · Initial Hopes for Democracy. Following the September 2021 coup, military authorities in Guinea formed the National Committee of Reconciliation ...
[43]
2023 Investment Climate Statements: Guinea - State Department
Transition President COL Doumbouya created the Court to Repress Economic and Financial Crimes (CRIEF) to handle cases involving embezzlement, corruption, and ...
[44]
[PDF] 2025 Guinea Investment Climate Statement - State Department
Sep 21, 2025 · Corruption is pervasive at all levels and limited government capacity means that approvals for licenses and investments can take a great deal of ...
[45]
Guinea's Call to Elections Exposes Military Bid to Cling to Power
Oct 3, 2025 · But the conditions that gave rise to the September 2021 coup remain intact, and transitional leader General Mamadi Doumbouya appears intent on ...<|separator|>
[46]
Voters in Guinea approve new constitution with 89% support - Reuters
Sep 24, 2025 · A new constitution in Guinea that could permit junta leader Mamady Doumbouya to run for office was backed by 89% of voters, according to ...
[47]
Guinea Supreme Court confirms vote to change constitution
Sep 27, 2025 · The final tallies in the vote to approve a new constitution– 89.38% in favor and 10.62% against – confirmed the provisional vote results ...
[48]
Guinea opposition claims irregularities in constitutional referendum
Guinea's opposition on Wednesday denounced alleged irregularities in a constitutional referendum that could allow the ...
[49]
World Report 2025: Guinea | Human Rights Watch
Also in July, a Guinean court convicted Guinea's former self-declared president Moussa Dadis Camara, and seven others, in a landmark trial for rapes and ...
[50]
Human rights in Guinea - Amnesty International
The ban on all protests was still in force and security forces used excessive force to disperse protests. Access to the internet was restricted.
[51]
GPS coordinates of Conakry, Guinea. Latitude: 9.5380 Longitude
Conakry is a port city on the Atlantic Ocean and serves as the economic, financial and cultural centre of Guinea.Missing: geographic | Show results with:geographic
[52]
Map of Conakry, Guinea Latitude, Longitude, Altitude - climate.top
Latitude: 9°34' N. Longitude: 13° 37' W. Latitude & Longitude for Conakry, Guinea in decimal degrees: 9.57°, -13.62°. Altitude/ elevation: 26 m (85 ft).
[53]
Conakry, Guinea - NASA Earth Observatory
Jul 12, 2008 · The city of Conakry, Guinea, originated on Tombo Island and spread up the Kaloum Peninsula, sandwiched between mangrove swamps.
[54]
The African capital that's one of the world's 'skinniest and longest' cities
Dec 23, 2024 · Conakry is one of the longest and narrowest cities in the world, stretching about 36 kilometres (22 miles) along a narrow peninsula in the Atlantic Ocean.Missing: topography | Show results with:topography<|separator|>
[55]
Modeling Determinants of Urban Growth in Conakry, Guinea - MDPI
The post-classification results presented in Table 6 show that the total urban area has grown from 63.03 km2 in 1986 to 123.76 km2 in 2000 and to 206.58 km2 in ...Missing: history | Show results with:history
[56]
[PDF] Studies on urban growth in Conakry, Guinea, using geo-spatial data
Mar 22, 2018 · Conakry, capital of Guinea, is believed to have experienced a rapid urban growth over the last recent years.Missing: km² | Show results with:km²
[57]
Conakry Climate & Temperature
Conakry has a tropical monsoonal climate (Köppen-Geiger classification: Am) with a dry season and a heavy monsoon the rest of year, no cold season.Missing: patterns | Show results with:patterns
[58]
Conakry - Climate Data
The climate is classified as Am according to Köppen and Geiger. The mean temperature prevailing in the city of Conakry is recorded as 26.3 °C | 79.4 °F, ...Missing: seasonal patterns
[59]
Conakry Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Guinea)
The rainy period of the year lasts for 7.5 months, from April 14 to November 30, with a sliding 31-day rainfall of at least 0.5 inches. The month with the most ...Missing: patterns Köppen classification
[60]
Conakry climate: weather by month, temperature, rain
Conakry's climate is tropical, with a dry season from December to April, and a rainy season due to the African monsoon that runs roughly from mid-May to mid- ...Missing: patterns Köppen classification
[61]
The Climate of Guinea - Blue Green Atlas
Average rainfall is 3,800 millimeters (150 inches) per year. April is the hottest month; July and August are the wettest. Climate data for Conakry (1961-1990).Missing: patterns Köppen classification
[62]
Yearly & Monthly weather - Conakry, Guinea
Feb 15, 2024 · Climatic patterns reveal consistent rain from April to November, with a staggering peak of 478mm (18.82") in August. The average cloud cover ...
[63]
GuineaGIN - Climatology (CRU) - Climate Change Knowledge Portal
This map displays historical patterns of temperature (average, maximum, minimum) and precipitation across various land regions. Users can interact with the ...Missing: Köppen classification
[64]
Urban flash flood and extreme rainfall events trend analysis in ...
Urbanization and reductions in rural land areas have led to declines in drainage capacity and increased numbers of flash floods (Mustafa and Szydłowski, 2020).
[65]
Forest in Guinean capital disappearing due to uncontrolled ...
Jun 19, 2023 · A forest within Guinea's capital city, Conakry, is disappearing before our very eyes due to uncontrolled urbanization destroying its few remaining green spaces.
[66]
the management and exploitation of mangroves in sonfonia bay ...
Aug 29, 2025 · ... Deforestation, habitat. destruction, marine erosion. Destruction of young plants. and. herbariums Destruction of. matter organic and soil.
[67]
http://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/THE_MANGROVE_GUINNEENNE_AN_%25E2%2580%258B%25E2%2580%258BENDANGERED_ECOSYSTEM_IN_THE__SANGAREAH_BAY_ijariie13573.pdf
[68]
Restoring Guinea's mangroves for coastal resilience - WACA Program
The focus of the study was Guinea's 2,700 km2 of existing mangroves, which are in varying states of degradation. The study's twofold objectives were to (i) ...Missing: loss | Show results with:loss
[69]
Guinea - Context and Land Governance
Oct 24, 2022 · The main land tenure trends in Guinea concern the decrease in forest cover and grazing land, as well as the expansion of real estate, mining and ...
[70]
[PDF] Public Summary CBG Expansion - DFC
emissions from bauxite ore preparation; integrity of marine ecosystems from port rehabilitation, wastewater and effluent discharges; water availability ...
[71]
[PDF] World Bank Document
Mar 14, 2025 · Urban areas, including most of Conakry, lack sewerage and rely on onsite sanitation solutions, comprised of household latrines and septic tanks ...
[72]
Thinking Through Waste, Fraud and Corruption in US Foreign ...
Mar 21, 2025 · Again, there are many clear cases of US assistance projects that failed to deliver on (permanent) development. ... corruption aren't rampant in ...
[73]
[PDF] Guinea Floods - IFRC
Aug 23, 2023 · In Conakry: 4 deaths have been reported. 1213 households that is 8,491 people are affected including 3,396 displaced people, 172 houses and 230 ...
[74]
[PDF] Guinea Floods Flash Update #1 25 August 2025 | UNICEF
Aug 25, 2025 · Since June 2025, Guinea floods displaced over 5,000 people, with 59 deaths and 14 missing. Over 35,131 people were severely affected, and 13 of ...Missing: numbers | Show results with:numbers
[75]
The South–South investment that never happened: Vale in Guinea
Its mineral riches have been known since colonial times, but the project has largely stalled over the past decades, with extraction limited to a few exploratory ...
[76]
Conakry, Guinea Metro Area Population (1950-2025) - Macrotrends
The metro area population of Conakry in 2024 was 2,179,000, a 3.22% increase from 2023. · The metro area population of Conakry in 2023 was 2,111,000, a 3.03% ...Missing: estimate proper
[77]
Guinea Population (2025) - Worldometer
Guinea Population (LIVE) ; 2021, 13,710,513 ; 2022, 14,055,137 ; 2023, 14,405,468 ; 2024, 14,754,785.
[78]
Major Agglomerations of the World - Population Statistics and Maps
CITY POPULATION – statistics, maps & charts. Home Index Search New References ... Conakry, Conakry, Guinea, 2,975,000, CUA. 198, Patna, Patna, India, 2,950,000 ...
[79]
Conakry Population 2025 - World Population Review
Conakry's 2025 population is now estimated at 2,251,590. In 1950, the population of Conakry was 31,339. Conakry has grown by 72,990 in the last year, ...
[80]
Guinea Demographics Profile - IndexMundi
Guinea Demographics Profile ; Population growth rate, 2.76% (2021 est.) ; Birth rate, 35.86 births/1,000 population (2021 est.) ; Death rate, 8.28 deaths/1,000 ...
[81]
Guinea - Africapolis
Conakry is denser with 7 410 inhabitants/km² despite the sprawling nature of recent growth. Secondary agglomerations are more spread out and less dense ( ...Missing: history | Show results with:history
[82]
[PDF] Demographia World Urban Areas Population Projections
portion of overall United Nations projected urban population growth to 2030, using ... Conakry. 1,625,000. 2,895,000. 3,465,000. 177. Cambodia. Phhom Pehn.
[83]
Guinea Population 2025 - World Population Review
It has a population of over 15 million, making it the 75th largest country in the world. Its capital is Conakry. Guinea has a mining-based economy with ...
[84]
Ethnic Groups Of Guinea (Conakry) - World Atlas
The majority of the population is Muslims at 85% of the population while about 7% identify with the indigenous religion. What is this?
[85]
[PDF] Guinea Language Map, Static (EN) - Translators without Borders
French is the country's official language, but is used almost exclusively as a second language. Six indigenous languages have the status of national ...
[86]
What Languages Are Spoken in Guinea? - World Atlas
Aug 1, 2017 · A number of indigenous languages enjoy the status of national languages in the country. These include the Malinké, Kissi, Toma, Fula, and Kpelle.<|separator|>
[87]
Brief Analysis of the Social Structure in Guinea (1964) - Red Sails
Dec 9, 2022 · We consider that the chiefs, the nobles and the religious figures form one group; after them come the artisans and the Dyulas, who are itinerant ...Missing: anthropological | Show results with:anthropological
[88]
Guinea's Ethnic Conflict - Confluence
Oct 29, 2019 · My goal for this paper is to further explore the ethnic conflict mainly between the Malinke tribe and the Fula tribe in Guinea.
[89]
State of the World's Minorities and Indigenous Peoples 2014 - Guinea
Jul 3, 2014 · Intermarriage between ethnic groups in Guinea is common, and many Guineans have mixed ancestry. Ethnic divisions, which have sharpened in ...Missing: rates | Show results with:rates
[90]
[PDF] Guinea | Creative Associates International
There is little conflict between groups, and inter-marriage between different ethnicities is common and believed to be a source of resilience. During a KII, a ...
[91]
Guinea - ISS African Futures
Between 2019 and 2023, Guinea's urban population grew by about 1% annually which is 0.3 percentage points below the average for lower-middle-income African ...Guinea: Current Path · Guinea: Scenarios · Guinea: Scenario ComparisonsMissing: facts | Show results with:facts<|separator|>
[92]
(PDF) Modeling Determinants of Urban Growth in Conakry, Guinea
Jul 15, 2025 · A land use/land cover (LULC) change analysis showed that the urban area had undergone continuous growth over the study period resulting in an ...
[93]
[PDF] Guinea-Urban-Sector-Review-Planning-Connecting-Financing-in ...
This study looks into the challenges and opportunities posed by urbanization in Guinea, reviewing briefly the trends at the national level but focusing on the ...
[94]
Conakry - SOS Children's Villages
Of people in cities live in slums. Living in informal settlements. Conakry has experienced rapid growth over the years. This growth was not systematically ...
[95]
Guinea Overview: Development news, research, data | World Bank
Sep 27, 2025 · A coastal country in West Africa, Guinea had a population of 14.53 million in 2024. Agriculture, the largest employer, provides income for ...
[96]
4 Facts About Homelessness in Guinea - The Borgen Project
Sep 25, 2020 · In 2012, only 31.5% of Guineans had shelters with permanent walls. This means that 68.5% of the population is without adequate housing.
[97]
[PDF] Republic of Guinea
Guinea, in West Africa, has a population of 13.4 million (2021), with 37.3% urban. 3.8% population growth rate. 1 USD = 8,676.04 GNF (2022).
[98]
Country and territory profiles - SNG-WOFI - GUINEA - AFRICA
The city of Conakry is divided into six communes (Kaloum, Dixinn, Ratoma, Matam, Matoto and Kassa Islands). The city council, as the deliberative body of the ...
[99]
Guinea holds first local elections since military rule - Rappler
Feb 4, 2018 · CONAKRY, Guinea – Guinea began voting on Sunday, February 4 in the first local elections since the end of the era of military dictatorship ...
[100]
[PDF] Support to Local Governance Project - World Bank Documents
Mar 22, 2019 · The Government of Guinea (GoG) developed a post‐. Ebola recovery plan for 2015–2017 and has adopted the 2016–2020 National Economic and Social ...<|separator|>
[101]
Guinea: 2024 Article IV Consultation and Request for Disbursement ...
The National anti-corruption agency (ANLC) reported that Guinea improved its score on the 2023 Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) of Transparency ...Missing: Doumbouya unfulfilled
[102]
Guinea - Transparency.org
CPI 2024 for Sub-Saharan Africa: Weak anti-corruption measures undermine climate action ... Despite a very low regional performance in 2024, there were African ...
[103]
2023 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Guinea
Corruption in Government The government detained former Prime Minister Ibrahima Kassory Fofana and several other former ministers at the main prison of Conakry ...
[104]
Guinea's former prime minister is jailed for 5 years for corruption
Feb 28, 2025 · A special court in Guinea has sentenced the country's former prime minister to five years in prison after finding him guilty of corruption and embezzlement of ...Missing: 2020s | Show results with:2020s
[105]
Influential ex-defence minister jailed for corruption in Guinea - BBC
Dec 19, 2024 · A court in Guinea has sentenced a former highly influential defence minister to five years in prison for corruption, illicit enrichment, ...Missing: 2020s | Show results with:2020s
[106]
Two former executives charged and jailed for corruption in Guinea
Aug 13, 2024 · Two former leaders in Guinea have been jailed as corruption charges mount against those close to deposed President Alpha Conde since the September military ...
[107]
Guinea's Bauxite Corruption Diagnosis, One Year Later
Jun 19, 2024 · According to a 2021 Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) report, bauxite accounted for nearly 60 percent of the USD 630 million ...
[108]
Guinea Conakry: Corruption in the collection of mining revenues
Oct 19, 2023 · The “diagnostic report on corruption in the mining sector in Guinea” describes existing forms of corruption in the Guinean mining sector.Missing: bauxite | Show results with:bauxite
[109]
2019 Investment Climate Statements: Guinea - State Department
Despite persistent corruption and fiscal mismanagement, the long-term economic prognosis for Guinea, buoyed by sizeable endowments of natural resources, ...
[110]
Several killed as Guinea opposition leader Diallo claims election ...
Oct 20, 2020 · At least three people have been killed and several others wounded on the streets of Guinea's capital Conakry after main opposition leader ...
[111]
Guinea Braces for More Unrest as Opposition Challenges Election ...
Oct 24, 2020 · Opposition candidate Cellou Dalein Diallo claims fraud, activists decry crackdown on critics of March referendum allowing president a third ...
[112]
The Relentless Crackdown on Guinea's Opposition
Dec 14, 2020 · As Guinea's President Alpha Condé prepares to be sworn in for a controversial third term on December 15, scores of opposition leaders, ...
[113]
Turnout Almost 75% in Disputed Guinea Presidential Vote - NDTV
Oct 14, 2015 · Turnout in the first controversial round of Guinea's presidential election this weekend was extremely high at almost 75 per cent, ...
[114]
Nearly two dozen dead in Guinea post-election violence: State TV
Oct 27, 2020 · Security officers among the dead following last week's disputed elections, state TV reports, as country remains tense.
[115]
Guinea: Post-Election Violence, Repression | Human Rights Watch
Nov 19, 2020 · The post presidential-election period in Guinea has been marred with violence and repression, with at least 12 people dead, Human Rights ...
[116]
Guinean opposition disputes election | Guinea - The Guardian
Oct 29, 2013 · ... fraud to our disadvantage in [the capital] Conakry. The judges on the supreme court will see who committed fraud, and who did not ...
[117]
Guinea poll observers report voting irregularities - BBC News
Oct 9, 2013 · ... vote to be annulled over "fraud". Some provisional results have yet to be released by the electoral commission 11 days since the vote. Most ...
[118]
[PDF] Working Paper No. 106 IS CLIENTELISM AT WORK IN AFRICAN ...
The Afrobarometer is a collaborative enterprise of the Centre for Democratic Development. (CDD, Ghana), the Institute for Democracy in South Africa (IDASA), and ...
[119]
[PDF] Is Clientelism at Work in African Elections? A Study of Voting ...
These results contribute to a burgeoning agenda on voting behavior in Africa that focuses on the agency of individual voters. Page 5. 1. Copyright Afrobarometer.
[120]
[PDF] Observing the 2010 Presidential Elections in Guinea - Final Report
Nov 19, 2010 · In the first round, claims of electoral fraud from sev- eral parties emerged as soon as the voting process ended on June 27. The CENI ...
[121]
Condé's Removal Clears the Way for Army to Regain Control of ...
Sep 9, 2021 · In 2020, Condé won a third term after a contentious constitutional amendment and electoral process that sparked protests in which dozens of his ...
[122]
Guinea announces first post-coup presidential vote on December 28
Sep 29, 2025 · Election officials count ballot papers in a referendum on a new Guinean constitution that could permit coup leader Mamady Doumbouya, ...
[123]
Guinea: Junta Official Says Elections Postponed to 2025 After ...
Dec 16, 2024 · The Guinean government postponed the constitutional referendum originally planned for 2024, with all elections now promised for 2025, ...
[124]
Guinea will hold first post-coup presidential election on Dec. 28
Sep 29, 2025 · Guinea has announced a presidential election for Dec. 28, marking the first since Gen. Mamadi Doumbouya took power in a 2021 coup.
[125]
Guinea: Despite Protests, Military Junta Angles to Perpetuate Its ...
Jan 13, 2025 · The military junta led by then-Colonel Mamadi Doumbouya has announced plans to hold delayed presidential and legislative elections in 2025.
[126]
Guinea: democracy delayed once more - CIVICUS LENS
Feb 7, 2025 · Guinea's military junta recently missed its latest deadline for democratic transition, sparking protests that the state met with repression.
[127]
More than 20 killed in Guinea strike violence | Reuters
Aug 9, 2007 · CONAKRY, Jan 22 (Reuters) - More than 20 people were killed in Guinea on Monday in clashes between protesters and security forces who opened ...
[128]
Guinea: At least 50 people killed with impunity during protests in ...
Oct 1, 2020 · Between April and July 2020, seven people were killed during demonstrations demanding better electricity supply, and during protests against the ...
[129]
World Report 2020: Guinea | Human Rights Watch
At least 17 people were allegedly killed by security forces during protests in October and November, and protesters killed at least one gendarme. Six civil ...
[130]
[PDF] marching to their deaths - Amnesty International
This report is the continuation of several years' work by Amnesty International into the excessive use of force during demonstrations in Guinea and its ...
[131]
Guinea: Unnecessary use of force against peaceful rally must not go ...
Oct 27, 2023 · Thirteen journalists were arbitrarily arrested during the event in the capital, Conakry, staged by media professionals to demand the lifting of ...Missing: curbs | Show results with:curbs
[132]
Media freedom restricted under Guinea's military junta
Mar 3, 2024 · From 24th to 30th November 2023, Guinea's media regulator placed restrictions on the broadcasting of at least four radio stations, without explanation, ...
[133]
[PDF] Guinea Joint Stakeholder Report for the United Nations Universal ...
Oct 11, 2024 · The government has, however, denied allegations that security forces perpetrated the violence and asserts that civilians caused all post- ...
[134]
Guinea protests erupt over missed democracy deadline
Jan 7, 2025 · The group reported that one protester was fatally shot, and hundreds, primarily young people, were arrested during demonstrations. Authorities ...<|separator|>
[135]
Guinea: Rights at Risk as Promised Transition Derails
Dec 2, 2024 · The military authorities in Guinea have cracked down on the opposition, media, and peaceful dissent since taking power in a coup in ...
[136]
Guinea | EITI
Guinea's economy relies heavily on the extractive sector, contributing over 17% of government revenues, 92% of exports and 20% of GDP in 2022.
[137]
Guinea - African Green Minerals Observatory
In 2023, Guinea's bauxite production surged by over 19% year-on-year, reaching approximately 123 million metric tons. This significant growth was matched by a ...
[138]
Can Guinea turn its mineral wealth into inclusive prosperity?
Jul 1, 2025 · Despite the upward reclassification, a significant portion of the population continues to live in extreme poverty. In 2023, approximately 42% ( ...<|separator|>
[139]
Index of Economic Freedom: All Country Scores
Updated February 2025 ; Guinea, 2025, 54.6 ; Guinea-Bissau, 2025, 43.6 ; Guyana, 2025, 58.2 ; Haiti, 2025, 46.1 ...
[140]
[PDF] Guinea - World Bank
As of 2018/19, 43.7 percent of Guineans lived below the national poverty line, equivalent to 5.8 million people. While this recent.
[141]
Guinea Foreign aid - data, chart | TheGlobalEconomy.com
Guinea: Foreign aid and official development assistance received: The latest value from 2022 is 499.63 million U.S. dollars, a decline from 592.09 million ...Missing: annual | Show results with:annual
[142]
How much foreign aid does the US provide to Guinea? - USAFacts
About $55.3 million in aid was promised for fiscal year (FY) 2023, the most recent fully-reported year. Another $73.6 million has been reported for FY 2024 ...
[143]
2025 Investment Climate Statements: Guinea - State Department
Corruption is pervasive at all levels and limited government capacity means that approvals for licenses and investments can take a great deal of time.
[144]
2023 Investment Climate Statements: Guinea
New investment by SMB and CBG, in addition to new market entrants, are expected to increase Guinea's bauxite output significantly over the next five to ten ...
[145]
Guinea-Conakry Secures €500M Loan Modernize Road Infrastructure
Jul 1, 2025 · The funds will support five priority road projects across Guinea-Conakry, as part of a larger €951.2 million national infrastructure program.
[146]
[PDF] Guinea: 2022 Article IV Consultation and Request for Disbursement ...
After more than a decade of legal and corruption-related delays, development of the world's largest and highest-quality iron ore deposit is finally ...
[147]
How Chinese Mining Is Enabling the Guinean Junta's Power Grab
Mar 6, 2025 · China's mining investments are funding the junta and sparking local tensions that undermine stability. A well-governed and democratic Guinea is crucial for US ...
[148]
Foreign Competition in Guinea: The Scramble for Natural Resources
Sep 17, 2021 · The region is known for bauxite, the main ore used in the production of aluminum. Over a quarter of the world's high-grade bauxite reserves are ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[149]
Guinea: Staff Report for the 2024 Article IV Consultation and ...
May 17, 2024 · Guinea remains at moderate risk of external debt distress. All external debt ratios lie sufficiently below thresholds to allow some space to absorb shocks.
[150]
[PDF] GUINEA Joint Bank-Fund Debt Sustainability Analysis – 2018 Update
Guinea is at moderate risk of external debt distress with some space to absorb shocks. All external debt burden indicators under the baseline scenario lie ...
[151]
Is too much foreign aid a curse or blessing to developing countries?
Aug 29, 2022 · The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between amount of aid received and economic growth of developing nations.
[152]
Guinea Economic Outlook - African Development Bank Group
According to the National Institute of Statistics, Guinea's poverty rate was 43.7% in 2019, down from 55.2% in 2012. The economy is dominated by the informal ...
[153]
[PDF] CREATING MARKETS IN GUINEA
At present, the commercial housing market in Conakry remains small due to both affordability and financing constraints, while the limited availability of ...
[154]
Madina Conakry
Food, clothes, housing equipment, cars, buses, cement, wood are to be sold all along the five kilometers of the market, from Coléah to Matam. There is also a ...
[155]
Women's health in markets: a case from Guinea
May 8, 2025 · An informal survey conducted in some of Conakry's markets revealed that over 65% of women vendors work even when they are ill.
[156]
[PDF] 10. Informal cross- border trade and smuggling in Africa | Economics
This involves efforts to evade export and import taxes or regulatory compliance. To the extent that customs authorities in Africa do not measure these goods, ...
[157]
[PDF] Informal Cross Border Trade Survey Report 2024
Overall, Guinea-Conakry emerged as leading partner country for informal trade in the period under review with value of exports and imports. (combined) estimated ...
[158]
[PDF] Bad pharma: trafficking illicit medical products in West Africa
Once the illicit medical products are cleared through customs, they are transported by truck to the. Madina market in Conakry.73 The Madina market is the ...<|separator|>
[159]
Guinea Economic Update 2025 - World Bank
Jul 1, 2025 · Guinea's GDP growth accelerated to 5.7 % in 2024, driven by both the mining and non-mining sectors, and is anticipated to reach low double ...
[160]
Guinea and the IMF
At a Glance · 2025 Projected Real GDP (% Change) : 7.2 · 2025 Projected Consumer Prices (% Change): 3.1 · Country Population: 15.803 million · Date of Membership: ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[161]
Guinea Government Debt to GDP - Trading Economics
Government Debt to GDP in Guinea is expected to reach 39.00 percent of GDP by the end of 2025, according to Trading Economics global macro models and analysts ...
[162]
Guinea - Index of Economic Freedom - The Heritage Foundation
Population. Population: 15.0 million ; GDP (PPP). GDP (PPP): $62.5 billion. 5.7% growth in 2023. 3-year average growth rate: 5.1%. $4,157 per capita ...
[163]
Guinea Economy, Politics and GDP Growth Summary
Access the latest politics analysis and economic growth summary through 2011 for Guinea from The Economist Intelligence Unit.
[164]
Projects - Conakry Urban Roads - GPC Groupe
URBAN ROADS. Nearly 9km of roads in Conakry. Construction and asphalting of 8.959 km of roads in the municipalities of Dixinn, Ratoma, and Coyah. Location.
[165]
2.3 Guinea Road Network | Digital Logistics Capacity Assessments
2,346 km is paved roads; 5,230 km is dirt roads. Prefectural roads: 15,879 km (dirt road); Communal roads: 19,846 km (dirt road) ...
[166]
Autonomous Port of Conakry : Guinea's Commercial Gateway
Jan 21, 2025 · In terms of sustainable solutions, the Port of Conakry is also expanding its storage capacity for goods to 500,000 20-foot equivalent units ( ...
[167]
CONAKRY PORT – Albayrak Group
In 2018, a 25-year contract was signed with Albayrak Group with an investment of approximately 500 million dollars to expand, modernize, manage, operate the ...
[168]
Port of Conakry in Guinea - vesseltracker.com
The dredger Atlantico Due cleaned the entrance channel, port and quay sides during a 2.5 month dredging campaign.
[169]
Guinea-Conakry's Moribaya Port to Ship First Ore in November 2025
Sep 17, 2025 · The Simandou project is one of the largest iron ore developments in Africa. It includes extensive mining operations, a 622-kilometer railway ...Missing: expansion | Show results with:expansion
[170]
Guinea eyes local processing of Simandou iron to boost value
Sep 9, 2025 · ... Simandou is expected to start production by late 2025. The project requires nearly $20 billion in infrastructure, including railways and a port.
[171]
Enhanced urban access: five bridges in Conakry, Guinea
Transforming Conakry with the €60M Five Bridges project, enhancing urban access and economic growth. Completion by 2025.
[172]
Guinea road financing secured | Global Highways
The new loan is worth US$26 million and will help pay for construction work for the Bambeto and Cosa interchanges in capital Conakry. ... 2025. Hamm Serie ...Missing: infrastructure | Show results with:infrastructure
[173]
Inequities in spatial access to childbirth care in the Grand Conakry ...
Apr 23, 2025 · In Grand Conakry, 28% of the health facilities providing childbirth care are private and more than half (54%) of the hospitals are private.
[174]
Chinese firm helps ease traffic congestion in Guinea's capital with ...
May 19, 2025 · This area was once considered a major traffic bottleneck in Conakry; during peak hours, congestion was particularly severe, making daily travel ...
[175]
Mass Transit Network Planning, Conakry (BRT, HRT) - Citilinks
In Conakry Guinea, we planned a multimodal mass transit network combining Heavy Rail Transit (HRT) and Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) lines.Missing: Sotraco | Show results with:Sotraco
[176]
Republic of Guinea: Country profile - Hydropower & Dams
Apr 9, 2018 · Home to 12 major rivers and the sources of the rivers Niger, Gambia and Senegal, Guinea has some of the highest potential for hydropower in West Africa.Missing: supply | Show results with:supply
[177]
[PDF] World Bank Document
May 9, 2025 · Guinea's hydropower potential estimated at 6,000 MW, only a third of which is exploited so far, could fully meet domestic electricity needs ...
[178]
Kaleta Hydropower lights Guinea's path to green energy leadership
Aug 31, 2025 · Guinea's journey from crippling energy shortages to becoming a regional electricity exporter has been symbolically enshrined on its ...
[179]
Guinea - SEforALL Africa Hub
Access to electricity in Guinea is improving in urban areas, where it reached around three quarter of the population, but it is still almost absent in rural ...
[180]
Power outage hurts business, families in Guinea Conakry - VOA Africa
May 16, 2024 · In Guinea Conakry, prolonged power cuts in the capital are making life difficult for businesses and workers across the country.
[181]
Guinea electricity chief fired after power outage sparks protests
Mar 16, 2024 · Guinean authorities sacked the country's national electricity company's boss and his deputies on Saturday as an interminable power outage ...
[182]
Guinea: Country File, Economic Risk Analysis - Coface
Although declining, energy subsidies will remain significant, accounting for GNF 3 trillion, which is equivalent to USD 300 million or around 1% of GDP. In ...
[183]
Heavy rains in Guinea capital Conakry cause multiple deaths ... - RFI
Aug 1, 2025 · Heavy rains in Guinea capital Conakry cause multiple deaths and destroy homes · Infrastructure, drainage systems overwhelmed · Climate change ...
[184]
Guinea: Floods - DREF Operation (MDRGN015) Operational Update
Nov 30, 2023 · Major roads in Conakry and Siguiri were rendered impassable due to the flood waters, heavily constraining vehicles, and pedestrians having to ...Missing: annual | Show results with:annual<|separator|>
[185]
Guinea -Market Challenges - International Trade Administration
Apr 24, 2024 · Government bureaucracy and pervasive corruption severely hamper economic development in Guinea. Transparency International's 2022 Corruption ...Missing: central influence
[186]
2024 Investment Climate Statements: Guinea - State Department
The former government reduced land transfer fees, and improved procedures for import and construction permits. Guinea does not discriminate against foreign ...
[187]
Transform Africa Summit to take place in Conakry, Guinea, with ...
Conakry, Guinea – 4th September 2025 – Smart Africa and the Government of the Republic of Guinea are pleased to announce that the 7th edition of the highly ...
[188]
Présentation CHUD - HNDONKA - CHU Donka
Le CHU Donka a une capacité d'accueil de 630 lits et procèdera chaque année à l'hospitalisation d'au moins 14 000 malades, fournira 62 000 consultations spé ...
[189]
Hôpital Ignace Deen : des services réhabilités et équipés remis au ...
Apr 12, 2017 · L'hôpital Ignace Deen, construit entre 1900 et 1901, a aujourd'hui une capacité de 480 lits, un effectif de 439 travailleurs de la fonction ...
[190]
CHU Donka
193 lits de Chirurgie · 324 lits de Médecine · 56 lits de Gynéco - Obstétrique · 30 lits VIP · 34 lits de réanimation Chirurgicale et Médicale · 24 lits de soins ...
[191]
A la découverte de l'hôpital Sino-guinéen, une référence qui ...
Nov 11, 2024 · L'hôpital de l'amitié sino-guinéenne est un établissement construit et équipé à 100 % par la coopération chinoise. Cet hôpital est construit sur ...Missing: capacité | Show results with:capacité<|separator|>
[192]
Organisation globale du système de santé - PASSPE GUINÉE
Pour l'ensemble du pays, il existe un total de 2 984 lits d'hospitalisation avec des ratios de disponibilité qui varient entre 2 396 habitants pour la ville de ...
[193]
Retention of healthcare workers 1 year after recruitment and ...
May 17, 2021 · For some HCWs interviewed, especially nurses and midwives, health facilities in rural areas are less staffed compared with urban settings, and ...
[194]
Epidemiology of Epidemic Ebola Virus Disease in Conakry and ...
As of November 1, 2015, West Africa reported >28,000 EVD cases, of which >3,800 (including >2,500 deaths) were reported from Guinea; (7). ... Here we characterize ...
[195]
Guinea declared free from Ebola after 2,500 deaths - Al Jazeera
Dec 29, 2015 · There were more than 3,800 Ebola cases in Guinea out of the more than 28,600 cases during the epidemic. A total of about 11,300 people died, ...
[196]
Ebola Virus Disease in Health Care Workers — Guinea, 2014 - CDC
Oct 2, 2015 · During 2014, Ebola cases among HCWs were reported in Conakry and 17 (52%) of the 33 prefectures in Guinea (Figure 2). HCW case counts were ...Missing: 3800 | Show results with:3800
[197]
Papers show what lay behind Condé regime's Ebola denialism in ...
Oct 11, 2021 · Ebola denialism in Guinea had its roots in a fear that Ebola would panic investors. On August 14, 2014 after the US summit, Condé ordered a ...Missing: cases hotspots
[198]
IFRC reports major fraud during Ebola outbreak – DW – 11/04/2017
Nov 4, 2017 · Major fraud in Sierra Leone and Guinea. The IFRC said it was working with Sierra Leone's Anti-Corruption Commission to "investigate and ...
[199]
Red Cross 'outraged' over pilfering of Ebola aid millions by its own staff
Nov 3, 2017 · Humanitarian disasters often provide opportunities for corruption, as large amounts of money flow through untested channels. Supplies go missing ...
[200]
Red Cross apologise for losing $5m of Ebola funds to fraud - BBC
Nov 3, 2017 · The Red Cross has confirmed that more than $5m (£3.8m) of aid money was lost to fraud and corruption during the Ebola epidemic in West Africa.
[201]
Ebola outbreak in Guinea, 2021: Clinical care of patients with Ebola ...
Jan 31, 2023 · By the end of the outbreak in June 2021, 23 Ebola virus infections were reported (16 confirmed and 7 probable cases). Of these 23 patients, 11 ...
[202]
Ebola outbreak in Guinea declared over
Jun 19, 2021 · WHO helped ship around 24 000 Ebola vaccine doses and supported the vaccination of nearly 11 000 people at high risk, including over 2800 ...
[203]
Evaluation of a National Call Center and a Local Alerts System for ...
Mar 11, 2016 · During the Ebola epidemic in Guinea, approximately half of cases were reported as alert calls. The sensitivity of passive surveillance systems ...<|separator|>
[204]
Lessons learned for surveillance system strengthening through ...
Aug 10, 2022 · The 2014–2016 Ebola outbreak in Guinea revealed systematic weaknesses in the existing disease surveillance system, which contributed to ...
[205]
Lessons learned by surveillance during the tail-end of the Ebola ...
Apr 24, 2017 · This article presents five confirmed or probable EVD cases that arose in Conakry towards the end of the Guinea epidemic, which demonstrate ...Fig. 1 · Case 1 · Fig. 2
[206]
Ebola in West Africa - Epidemics That Didn't Happen
In 2014-2016 and 2018-2020, gaps in detection and response led to delays that allowed two Ebola outbreaks to become epidemics. The first, in West Africa, began ...About Ebola · The Response In Guinea · 2018 Epidemic (702 Days)Missing: hotspots denialism<|separator|>
[207]
"Once we have water, we have life." Access to safe drinking water ...
Apr 22, 2024 · Over 30,000 people benefited from improved safe water services in Greater Conakry following major investment under the Guinea Urban Water ...
[208]
Effect of corruption on perceived difficulties in healthcare access in ...
Aug 21, 2019 · We found that bribery in healthcare is a significant barrier to healthcare ... corruption in the form of bribery as experienced by patients ...
[209]
Guinea: Overseas business risk - GOV.UK
Jan 14, 2025 · Guinea accounts for about 22% of the world's production of bauxite, producing 123 million tonnes in 2023, according to the Ministry of Mines' ...
[210]
Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) - Guinea | Data
Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) - Guinea. UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation, UN Children's Fund ( UNICEF ), uri: ...Missing: Conakry | Show results with:Conakry
[211]
Guinea Life Expectancy (1950-2025) - Macrotrends
Guinea life expectancy for 2025 is 63.22, a 0.46% increase from 2024. Guinea life expectancy for 2024 was 62.93, a 3.6% increase from 2023.
[212]
[PDF] GUINEA-Malaria-Profile PMI (FY-2024)
Mar 20, 2023 · The 2021 map shows malaria prevalence ranges from less than 1 percent in Conakry region to 30 percent in N'Zerekore region. Between these two ...
[213]
Guinea - WHO Data
Overall Population over time In Guinea, the current population is 14,405,468 as of 2023 with a projected increase of 62% to 23,404,584 by 2050.<|separator|>
[214]
[PDF] Integrated Country Strategy (ICS) - Guinea - State Department
USAID anti-malaria efforts have seen a 2/3 reduction in malaria prevalence since 2012, with improved medical services across the Government's health.
[215]
Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry - Wikipedia
UGANC is the largest university in Guinea. It is located in Dixinn Commune, Conakry, Guinea. The name is generally shortened to the University of Conakry.Missing: enrollment | Show results with:enrollment
[216]
Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry - BUHAVE
Jun 18, 2025 · With a current enrollment of approximately 25,000 students, UGANC offers programs in French across multiple faculties. While facing ...
[217]
[PDF] Primary School Net and Gross Attendance Rates, Guinea Over-Age ...
Primary net attendance is highest in the Conakry region (80%); attendance is lowest in the Kankan region (35%). Gender disparity is lowest in the Kankan region ...Missing: enrollment | Show results with:enrollment
[218]
The American International School of Conakry: 2023-2024 Fact Sheet
Nov 3, 2023 · The American International School of Conakry (AISC) is a co-educational day school from Pre-K through grade 12 in the Nongo neighborhood near the National ...
[219]
Challenges in Guinea's Education System - Broken Chalk
As of 2020 data, it was estimated that 37.8% of boys complete lower secondary school in Guinea, whereas the rate is 28.5% for girls [xxviii]. Notably, the ...
[220]
African Scholars Initiatives (ASI)'s Post - LinkedIn
Dec 23, 2024 · approximately 40 higher education institutions, including notable universities such as: Gamal Abdel Nasser University ... In terms of enrollment, ...
[221]
Guinea - Literacy Rate, Adult Total (% Of People Ages 15 And Above)
Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) in Guinea was reported at 45.33 % in 2021, according to the World Bank collection of development ...Missing: 2023 | Show results with:2023
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Guinea - Literacy rate - countryeconomy.com
According to UNESCO Guinea it has an adult literacy rate of 45.33%. While the male literacy rate is 61.15%, for females is 31.27%, showing a big gap between ...Missing: 2023 | Show results with:2023
[223]
[PDF] Guinea: Country Profile
Jan 29, 2015 · The regions are subdivided into 33 prefectures, which are further divided into communes or sub- prefectures (303 rural and 38 urban communes, ...
[224]
Improving teaching quality in Guinea with interactive radio instruction
Guinea's national curriculum is still quite teacher-centered and focused on rote learning, and Sous le Fromager reflects much of this approach, in spite of ...
[225]
Internationally Comparable Mathematics Scores for Fourteen African ...
Dec 2, 2016 · I compare three different equating methods and ﬁnd that learning levels in this sample of African countries are consistently (a) low in absolute ...Missing: West literacy
[226]
[PDF] 46621 - World Bank Documents
IRI helps to address the three large issues facing Guinean education—access, teacher quality and instructional quality, supporting Guinea's efforts to attain ...
[227]
Ebola crisis: Guinea schools reopen after five-month closure - BBC
Jan 19, 2015 · Schools have been reopening in Guinea after a five-month closure because of the Ebola outbreak which has killed thousands in West Africa.Missing: reforms post- coup<|separator|>
[228]
Statistical Investigation on the Brain Drain of 264 Guineans People ...
Today, Guinea has begun to understand the brain drain through the education system. Therefore, this was according to a new vision that found more than 73% of ...Abstract · Introduction · Literature · Research Methodology
[229]
Publication: Skills in Guinea: Supply and Demand
Technical and vocational training is underdeveloped relative to the needs of industry, namely mining, construction, and agriculture in particular.Missing: Conakry | Show results with:Conakry
[230]
Guinea validates its national strategy for quality apprenticeship
Jul 14, 2025 · The Republic of Guinea has taken a major step forward in reforming its vocational training system with the validation of its National Strategy for Quality ...Missing: gaps mining agriculture
[231]
Perspective Chapter: Technical and Vocational Training Policies ...
Mar 20, 2024 · The Guinean Government has always had difficulty financing its education system and particularly technical education and vocational training ...
[232]
https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/SLUEM1524ZSGIN
[233]
Youth Unemployment Rate for Guinea (SLUEM1524ZSGIN) | FRED
Youth Unemployment Rate for Guinea (SLUEM1524ZSGIN) ; 2024: 7.077 ; 2023: 7.098 ; 2022: 7.107 ; 2021: 7.989 ; 2020: 8.461.
[234]
employment prospects for agricultural graduates in guinea conakry
The goal of this study is to analyze the formal sector employment experience of Guinean agricultural higher education graduates, determine the key factors in ...
[235]
Utf-8''Guinea Labour Code 10 Jan 14 (En) | PDF | Harassment - Scribd
Jan 10, 2014 · It addresses topics such as employment contracts, vocational training, suspension of employment, termination of contracts, working hours and ...
[236]
'In Guinea, there are two types of mining companies': An analysis of ...
In Guinea, there are two types of mining companies: An analysis of the diverse local content approaches of the bauxite mining companies in Guinea.Missing: aid | Show results with:aid
[237]
Skills training to support Guinea's industrial transformation - ECDPM
Oct 1, 2025 · If designed as a trusted, turnkey solution to address Guinea's industrial skills shortages, the CEPIAG may also help to boost private sector ...Missing: Conakry agriculture
[238]
Religious Beliefs In Guinea (Conakry) - World Atlas
Over 85% of the population in Guinea is Muslim while 10% follow various forms of Christian faith. The remaining 5% adhere to traditional indigenous beliefs.Missing: demographics | Show results with:demographics
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2022 Report on International Religious Freedom: Guinea
85 percent of the population is Muslim, 8 percent are Christian, and 7 percent adhere to Indigenous religious or other beliefs.
[240]
[PDF] Guinea
Demographically, Muslims are a majority in all four major regions of the country. Christians are most numerous in Conakry, in the southern part of the country, ...Missing: demographics | Show results with:demographics
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Conakry Grand Mosque - Tripadvisor
Rating 3.9 (25) nice to visit · impressive · Basically, it is a Muslim country and was ruled for many many years by French.. · Fourth Largest Mosque in Africa Gets a Clean Sweep.
[242]
Conakry Grand Mosque (Conakry, Guinea) - International Travel News
The Grande Mosquée de Conakry, or the Conakry Grand Mosque, was built during the administration of Guinea's first president, Ahmed Sékou Touré.
[243]
Guinea 2010 Historical - Constitute Project
Article 1. Guinea is a unitary republic, indivisible, secular, democratic and social. It assures the equality before the law of all the citizens without ...
[244]
2023 Report on International Religious Freedom: Guinea
84 percent of the population is Muslim, 11 percent is Christian, and 5 percent adhere to indigenous religious or other beliefs.Section I. Religious Demography · Section II. Status of... · Government PracticesMissing: demographics | Show results with:demographics
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Guinea - Freedom of Thought Report - Humanists International
Oct 7, 2021 · Issues relating to freedom of religion or belief persist in the country for the majority Muslim population, as well as for other religious and ...Missing: demographics | Show results with:demographics<|separator|>
[246]
The Conakry Ballet Tradition-"CKY Corner" Series
Feb 22, 2022 · The Guinean ballet style is characterized by the incorporation of traditional music and dance with a theatrical element that tells an ancient story.
[247]
Cohen Explores the Power of Dance in West Africa in New Book
Aug 9, 2022 · This late-afternoon gathering is known as a dundunba ceremony, a Guinean folk dance historically performed as a display of masculine strength ...
[248]
[PDF] impact of western culture on traditional african society: problems and ...
The western culture has tremendously impacted on African traditional society in a very positive and negative dimension. It has given rise to acculturation and ...
[249]
Unprecedented press freedom violations by Guinea's military junta
May 24, 2023 · Guinea's media associations have publicly accused the government of “censorship” while the organisations representing privately-owned TV, radio, ...Missing: RTG | Show results with:RTG
[250]
Guinean Gov't Shuts Down Major Private Media Outlets
Guinea's junta has banned five prominent private media outlets, dealing another blow to the broadcast sector which has been reeling under various attacks by ...
[251]
Guinée - UNESCO Convention du patrimoine mondial
Architecture vernaculaire et paysage culturel mandingue du Gberedou/Hamana · Paysage culturel des monts Nimba · Route de l'esclave en Afrique segment de Timbo au ...
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[PDF] Major trends affecting families in sub-Saharan Africa - UN.org.
These trends have undermined the solidity of the traditional family, created new family structures, and transferred social responsibilities at the expense ...
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[PDF] Unlocking Women's and Girls' Potential - World Bank Document
6 Moreover, the prevalence of polygamy in Guinea—in the form of polygyny, when a man marries multiple women—is one of the highest in the world: over a quarter ...Missing: structure | Show results with:structure
[254]
[PDF] Female genital mu la on in Guinea: a never-ending story?
Mar 2, 2024 · This study seeks to discover what factors are at play in maintaining Guinea's rank of second-highest prevalence of FGM in the world after ...
[255]
Socio-Anthropological Determinants of the Practice Persistence of ...
... Female Genital Mutilation in Conakry, Guinea in 2021. to this day in 30 African countries [1, 12]. In Guinea, the prevalence of FGM is one of the highest in.
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Priority for Guinea: Improving the Status of Women and Girls
May 9, 2023 · Women and girls in Guinea face significant barriers to accessing the same opportunities as men, according to a new World Bank report.
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Guinea | World Bank Gender Data Portal
The gap in adult literacy between men and women, 26.7, is larger than the gap of the Sub-Saharan Africa aggregate, 12.2. Adult literacy rate is the percentage ...
[258]
[PDF] Market Women and the Local Government in Kankan, Guinea
The discourses and practices of Guinea's past regimes with regard to gender issues have influenced how women acted politically. Sékou Touré integrated women ...<|control11|><|separator|>
[259]
Female Genital Mutilation, Cultural Values and the Symbolic Capital ...
May 11, 2022 · Female genital mutilation (FGM) is justified by sociocultural arguments, including that it guarantees girls'/women's appropriate sexual ...
[260]
Conakry - State Magazine
In 1958, Guinea became the first West African colony to declare independence from France, however, it came at a cost. The French withdrawal was both swift and ...Missing: founding Tombo Island 1887
[261]
Urban design as a tool for re-imaging a capital city - DSpace@MIT
Analysis of the 1963 urban design plan for Conakry reveals four large gestures that were to create a post-independence image for the city. First, the plan ...
[262]
China's foreign aid architecture in a transitional period, 1964–1976
The knowledge of tropical modernism eventually inspired Chen's design of the People's Palace in Conakry, Guinea, built in 1967, and was further introduced back ...
[263]
Palais du Peuple | | Alluring World
The building has somewhat modern architectural style, with 5 floors, two entrance staircases which are leading to a large patio, which makes it the official ...
[264]
Conakry - The Skyscraper Center
Buildings ; 1, Hotel Kaloum Tower I ; 2, Novotel Conakry Grand Hotel.Missing: modern | Show results with:modern
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8 Interesting and Unusual Things to See and Do in Conakry, Guinea
Jan 8, 2025 · Nestled along the midtown N1 road, Jardin 2 Octobre is Conakry's sole amusement park. While the place is a far cry from even the basic standards ...
[266]
Conakry, Guinea: Best Things to Do – Top Picks | TRAVEL.COM®
Here are some key aspects that define Conakry: A blend of modern skyscrapers and traditional markets, showcasing the city's growth and heritage. A rich ...
[267]
Travel advice and advisories for Guinea - Travel.gc.ca
Violent crime is prevalent, especially in Conakry and in some rural areas, such as Kankan. Armed robbery, carjackings, assaults, muggings and break-ins occur ...
[268]
Conakry - Useful Tips Before You Visit - Obscure Destinations
Oct 7, 2024 · Pollution and burning piles of rubbish line the streets. Military and Police are never far away. Power cuts can last all day. There's no amazing ...
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Greater Conakry Regional Master Plan and two Detailed ...
It includes a regional master and two detailed plans with the objective to achieve a balanced socio-economic development while ensuring environmental protection ...
[270]
[PDF] GUINEA - UN-Habitat
The growth of Conakry has a major impact on its urban area and the urban structure of the country. Localities, both urban and rural, are getting emptied ...Missing: layout district
[271]
Land-Cover Change Analysis and Simulation in Conakry (Guinea ...
Apr 20, 2018 · Unplanned urbanization in Conakry has led to massive degradation of the natural landscape, and the alteration the climate patterns [22].
[272]
Guinea - Conakry urban development plan : summary (French)
This paper states that the Conakry urban development plan results from the articulation of several policies: space, land, equipment, housing, financial and ...<|separator|>
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https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/06/18/guinea-draconian-forced-evictions
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Guinea: Draconian Forced Evictions - Human Rights Watch
Jun 18, 2019 · The Guinean government has razed thousands of homes in the country's capital, Conakry, leaving families struggling to find adequate housing.
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Guinea gives land to victims of forced evictions - VOA
Sep 15, 2024 · Guinea has handed over a plot of land to thousands forcibly evicted by previous governments, with some of the victims having waited more than 25 years for ...Missing: housing substandard
[276]
[PDF] Guinea - International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Apr 24, 2024 · Total expected government revenues could amount to 3.4 percent of GDP from 2030 to 2039, compared to total mining revenues of. 2.2 percent of ...
[277]
SimFer provides mid-year progress and performance updates on the ...
Jun 19, 2025 · SimFer provides mid-year progress and performance updates on the Simandou project. June 19, 2025. Project ...
[278]
Guinea Conakry: Corruption in the granting of mining titles
Oct 19, 2023 · The primary form of corruption is collusion and favouritism in the granting of mining titles. “This form of corruption occurs when certain executives involved ...Missing: elite capture
[279]
Djibril Tamsir Niane | African Scholar, Author & Anthropologist
Djibril Tamsir Niane (born Jan. 9, 1932, Conakry, Guinea) is an African historian, playwright, and short-story writer. After his secondary education in Dakar, ...
[280]
Djibril Tamsir Niane - African Studies Centre Leiden |
Mar 1, 2023 · Djibril Tamsir Niane was born in Conakry on 9 January 1932. After his secondary education in Guinea, Niane moved to France and graduated in ...
[281]
Supermodel Katoucha Niane found dead - The Telegraph
Feb 29, 2008 · Although a French national, Katoucha was born in Conakry, Guinea, and was hugely proud of her African background. Her father was the playwright ...Missing: birthplace | Show results with:birthplace<|separator|>
[282]
Niane, Katoucha | Encyclopedia.com
Niane was born on December 30, 1960, in Conakry, the capital of Guinea. Her heritage was Fula, the dominant ethnic group in the country. Djibril Tamsir Niane, ...
[283]
General Sékouba Konaté | Profile - Africa Confidential
General Sékouba Konaté. Date of Birth: 6 June 1964. Place of Birth: Conakry, Guinea. Displaying 1-10 out of 35 results. 1; 2 · 3 · 4 · Next.
[284]
Biography of Sékouba Konaté | Who's Who in Guinea
Born on 6 June 1964 in Conakry, Konaté ascended the ranks of the Guinean army until becoming the strong man of the transitional regime in 2009, before ...Events of September 28, 2009 · Transitional President · Organization of the 2010...
[285]
Naby Keïta - Player profile 25/26 | Transfermarkt
May 28, 2025 · Name in home country: Naby Laye Keïta Date of birth/Age: Feb 10, 1995 (30) Place of birth: Conakry Guinea Height: 1,72 m Citizenship: ...
[286]
Liverpool career stats for Naby Keita - LFCHistory.net
Birthplace: Conakry, Guinea ; Other clubs: FC Istres (2013-14), Red Bull Salzburg (2014-16), RasenBallsport Leipzig (2014-18), Werder Bremen (2023-), Ferencvaros ...
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Kandia Kora Kouyaté - Afrisson
Jan 4, 2021 · “Né en 1989 à Conakry en Guinée, l'auteur, compositeur, joueur de kora virtuose et chanteur, Kandia Kora, de son vrai nom Kandia Kouyaté, ...Missing: born | Show results with:born<|control11|><|separator|>